Zojambula zokongoletsera za makoma osungidwa m'minda: Chipangizo cha maziko, zinthu zomanga, zokongoletsera, zokongoletsera ndi mbewu
Kreaticnic condiete khoma limathandizira "chiwonetsero" cha zomera zophika
Khomalo, lopindidwa ndi njira ya "youma", kongoletsani m'mimba
Kubwezeretsanso makhoma kuti muchepetse gawo limodzi ndi masitepe ankhondo ndi mpanda waukulu
Mzere wofanana ndi mapulogalamu omwe ali pafupi ndi wina ndi mnzake amapereka malo a chisomo
Makoma otsika otsika maluwa
Chithunzi m.stepanov
Masitepe awiri ofanana amafanana ndi kusintha pakati pa zopinga
Zotsatira za "zachilengedwe" zimachitika ngati konkriti ikubala ndi chotupa cha brusche
Khoma la miyala yayikulu yamiyala inathetsa "mapilo" obiriwira
Malire ozungulira duwa la maluwa latayikidwa ndi youma
Makoma osungika amapangidwa kuti azikongoletsa ndi zomera zazing'ono, zomwe m'nyengo yotentha zimafanana ndi mitambo yotopetsa
Ma track nthawi zina amakhazikitsidwa pansi pa malowa, kenako m'malo mwa nyumba yopumira yotsika
Kukula mbewu zabwino m'mundamu zikuyamba kutchuka. Amalekerera bwino kunyowa bwino nyengo yachiwerewere, kotero owasulalents ayenera kubzalidwa m'malo omasuka, mwachitsanzo, mu nthaka yosakanikirana ndi mchenga wowonda
Khalani khoma losalala bwino lomwe limangodziwa njerwa. Kwa Amateur, ntchitoyi ndi yovuta: Mukukonzekera zomangamanga, kapangidwe kake kamene kamayesetsa kuti athe kuwonongeka, ndiye njira imodzi
Kuti muwotche papulatifomu pakupumula kuchokera kuzomera m'munda ndi imodzi mwazinthu zotsalazo. Pankhaniyi, kapangidwe kake sikungafunike kukhala wokwera kwambiri kotero kuti sakubisa zodzikongoletsera zozungulira
Chithunzi k. Manko.
Pansi (yolumikizidwa) yamitengo isanakhazikike nthawi zambiri imathandizidwa ndi phula kuti iteteze kuvunda. Pakati pa dothi, moyandikana ndi khoma kuchokera mkatimo, ndipo zipilalazo zimasiyidwa ndi wosanjikiza madzi, monga khwangwala. Makoma apamwamba kwambiri samapanga, sadzaima mutu wa dziko lapansi
Makoma osungidwa ndi mtundu wa zida zankhondo mogwirizana ndi m'mphepete mwa zosungiramo zikwangwani. Komabe, sizangogwira ntchito zokha, komanso zokongoletsera: zimatha kukhala podium kuti zisasungunuke ndi maluwa kapena malire ozungulira dziwe kapena nsanja yosangalatsa.
Chithunzi cha Mundawo chimadalira mtunda, komwe adasweka. Chifukwa chake, minda yoyera yakhala ikulimidwa ku Italy - mapulogalamu a mapiri adathandizira izi. Komabe, dimba lopendekera limatha kupangidwa m'mikhalidwe yathu, chifukwa madera ambiri amakhala m'malo otentha am'madzi, pa kosoyrats kapena m'mphepete mwa mitsinje, motero ali ndi malo otsetsereka. Osafulumira kulera bwino matani apamtunda komanso malo ogulitsa gawo - gwiritsani ntchito kukondera kwachilengedwe ndikugawa malowo m'malo opingasa, madera. Kusintha kuchokera kumayiko ena kupita ku nyumba zina kumaperekedwa kuti zikhale zolimba za khoma zomwe zimateteza dothi. Kuphatikiza apo, makoma osungidwa amatenganso gawo popanga malo a munda: Amakhala ngati akupanga mabedi a maluwa kapena dziwe, "zowonetsera" za ziboliboli. Ngati mumapanga khoma losungika pamalopo poyamba, mutha kupeza zotsatira za kukula kwa malowa.
Kutalika kwa khoma losungika kumadalira kutalika pakati pa malekezerowa nthawi zambiri kumakhala kofanana ndi mtengo wake kapena kupitilira pang'ono. Kusiyana kwa kutalika kumatha kukhala kosiyana: kuyambira 15-20 mpaka 80-90cm ndi zina zambiri. M'lifupi mwake khomalo limawerengeredwa kutengera kutalika: nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chipilala cha 1: 4, pamadzi otayirira ndi kunyowa - 1: 2. M'lifupi mwake khoma losungika, monga lamulo, kuchepa.
Makoma osungidwa amafunsidwa ndikuyika malo otsetsereka. Mawonekedwe awo amatengera mzere wa malire a terrace komanso kwina kumalamula: zimachitika molunjika bwino, ndi makola osalala, zigzag. Zipangizo za makoma osungidwa ndi mwala wachilengedwe komanso mwala wojambula, njerwa, zongoyerekeza ndi mbale, mitengo yamatabwa.
1-yophwanyika; 2-. 3-kukhetsa bowo lomanga; 4- konkriti | 
1- Dothi 12 Omizidwa pamiyala; 3- konkriti | 
1-yophwanyika; Khotilo; 3- Lipenga Lipenga |
Mfundo zothandizira
Chipangizo cha maziko ndi pilo wosweka kapena pilo yokhala ndi maziko ndiye gawo lodalirika kwambiri pokonzekera khoma losungirako. Ichi ndi chitsimikizo cha mphamvu ndi maluso a moyo wautali. Snapshot, wotsalira wapansi, posachedwa kapena pambuyo pake pali ming'alu, zodetsa zina zimachitika, kapena zimayenda "zowomba" pansi pamadzi.
Kuchokera pa chilichonse mwa zinthuzo, kutalika konsekonse sikuli, chifukwa nthawi zonse, nthawi zonse "nthawi zonse" amakonda kupaka miyala ya katundu pansi, komanso amangogwira ntchito yofikira. M'lifupi mwake pansi pa pilo la ngalande liyenera kupitirira pang'ono m'lifupi mwake khoma losungika. Kuzama - pafupifupi 30cm. Pansi ndi mbali zakumapeto kwa matayala ali ndi ma geotextiles. Kenako amagona mwala wophwanyika kagawo wapakati - 20-40mm (wosanjikiza ndi makulidwe 20cm) - ndi mchenga (10cm).
"Zachikale" zachikale
Oleg Volkov, Director of Phatin "Wogwirizana ndi Chilengedwe"
Itha kufunikanso makoma akulu ndi olemera. Nthawi zina, tepi (kuchokera ku mwala wolondola kapena mwala wa boob), mu mulu wina. Pa dothi lamchenga (makamaka mchenga), maziko a lilu ndi abwino kwambiri. Kwa dothi la dongo (makamaka dongo lolemera), maziko azikhala pamalo ophatikizidwa: nthiti, komanso wophika wabwino kwambiri.
Makoma ndi osiyana ...
Zinthu zomwe zasankhidwa pomanga makoma osungidwa ziyenera kufanana ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popukutira, komanso pomanga nyumba ndi zomangamanga pa chiwembu: nyumba, Pezes, mipanda, mpanda.
Makoma otchuka kwambiri amapangidwa ndi mwala wachilengedwe. Amakhala olimba ndikukhala ndi chithumwa zachilengedwe chifukwa zimawoneka zachilengedwe. Nthawi zambiri kuposa ena kugwiritsa ntchito miyala yamiyala, sandstone, miyala, yocheperako pafupipafupi, granite, Dolomite. Khalani miyala yokhala ndi mizere, ndikuvala, zonse mu zojambulajambula. "Anthu oyandikana nawo" amatenga mosamala: Ayenera kuyandikirana ndi mawonekedwe ndi kukula. Miyala yamangiridwa ndi yankho kapena kuyika "youma" ndi njira: Yoyikidwa imodzi mbali inayo, ndipo mipata yomwe ili pakati pawo imasiyidwa. Ngati malowa amasakanikirana pasadakhale ndi mbewu za zitsamba za udzu, patapita kanthawi khoma likuwona. Yesetsani kuti musadule zitsamba zachikulu, azitha, ngati ma curls, ndikupereka khoma mawonekedwe okongola. Ngati mukufuna khoma "maluwa", ntchito yomanga itamalizidwa, ikani patseke la mbewu za m'mimba.
Kuphukira Kuphukira
Alena volon, Wopanga Manda
Zipangizo zina zolimba - njerwa ndi konkriti. Njerwa yoyera yomanga nyumba zotere sizoyenera, zimakhala hygroscopic ndipo imayamba mwachangu kugwa. Gwiritsani ntchito njerwa zofiira. Kuphatikiza apo, makoma osungika a mwalawo amapangidwa ndi gawo laling'ono (mpaka 10) kumbali yakumapeto, ndipo njerwa zimasiyana kwambiri, zimafunikira zinthu. Njerwa waluso amatha "kujambula" njerwa, kuyika maziko a gulu lokongoletsedwa kapena zokongoletsera m'malire a mtundu wina, zokongoletsa khoma kuchokera ku matayala kapena miyala yamtsinje. Zojambula ku konkriti zimasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku mabulosi kapena kupanga monolithic (kuti amange zomaliza zomwe zingafunikire kukonza mawonekedwe opangira matabwa). Pamakoma onunkhirawa amatha kutsitsimutsidwa ngati, mwachitsanzo, "kumira" m'miyala, miyala, zipolopolo, zidutswa zazingwe.
Makoma otsika amatha kupangidwa kuchokera ku mtengo - chifukwa cha izi, mitengo kapena mipiringidzo nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Komabe, chowupitsidwa chotsika kwambiri, chothandizira mabedi am'munda, chimagwiranso ntchito ya khoma losungika.
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Makina opindika siatali kwambiri komanso olimba, koma ambiri amawakonda chifukwa chotonthoza ndi kutonthoza, womwe umapatsa mtengo. Mapangidwe owopsa kwambiri ndi malo okhudzana ndi mtengowo ndi dothi
Avant-Garde yankho ndi makoma osungidwa kuchokera ku zida zomangira zomangira: matabwa kapena waya, ma sheet kapena mapaipi. Adzafanana ndi zojambulajambula kuchokera ku nyumba yosungirako zakunja.
Madzi Oyenera
Khoma lililonse lopukutira limatha kukhala ndi vuto pakukumana ndi mvula komanso madzi obisika, motero ndikofunikira kukonza ngalande. Monga taonera kale, madzi okwererapo amagwira zikopa zoponyedwa, kugona pansi. Ikani cholinga choperekera madzi mwachangu - mkati mwa khomalo ndikulimbikitsidwa kutsanulira zinyalala (kapena miyala yamtengo wapatali). Zoyikidwa ku izi, ngati kuli kofunikira pakhoma (komanso mkatikati), mutha kupanga ngalande.
1- khoma la konkriti.
Maziko a konkriti:
3-kukhetsa;
4- Wophwanyika;
5 - Getutan;
6 - mchenga;
7-Zachisoni
Mtundu wina wa ngalande zomwe zimadziwika kuti mtanda, umapereka madzi kukhetsa kuchokera paulendo wina kupita kwina. Ndi nthaka yokwanira dothi lokwanira ndi madzi okwanira kutalika chilichonse (mabowo ake aliwonse, mabowo amanzere kapena mapaipi a madzi kuchokera kumtunda. Mabowo awa ayenera kukonzekera pasadakhale, pa gawo la kapangidwe ka tsamba.
Mitundu iwiri yoyambirira ya ngalande (pilo ndi mapira) amafunikira pafupifupi khoma lililonse losungika, ndipo atha kukonzedwa ndi kumangidwe pazokha. Kuwononga pa kuyika koyenera kuyika ngalande zotsekedwa zimalandiridwa ndi akatswiri. Amafufuza ma hydrology a mtunda pomwe tsamba likapezeka: yang'anani kuchuluka kwa madzi apansi pathunthu, werengani kudumphadumpha mphamvu. Mwachitsanzo, dothi lolemera lambiri nthawi zambiri limafunikira mapangidwe a ngalande. Chifukwa china chopangira dongosolo la dongosolo lotere kukhoza kukhala kukhalapo kwa nthiti ya riboni popanga khoma losungika, limaphwanya njira yachilengedwe yamadzi mobisa. Kuzama kwa chubu chopota, malo ake otsetsereka, malo abwino amatsimikizika payekhapayekha. Milandu yamadzi, chitolirocho chikuyenera kuyika m'munsi mwa khoma, lina mkatimo, pansi pa malo otsetsereka.
ACHOONI OTSOGOLO AMATENGA "Kugwirizana ndi chilengedwe", "adakulira" ndi mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe pokonzekera zinthuzo.