Ingowonjezerani madzi?

Kuchulukitsa ma plates tambiri tosiyanasiyana makoma ndi kutsatsa kwa simenti: Makhalidwe ofananiza simenti ndi ma pypsyamu osakaniza, nyimbo zosinthidwa

Kupita patsogolo sikuyima. Chovala chaching'ono cha simenti kapena laimu ndi mchenga zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza makoma ndikusokoneza zozimitsa zamakono zopaka. Ndiwokhazikika posungira ndi mayendedwe. Tekinoloje yogwira ntchito imapereka ntchito yolemba ndi makina, ndipo ntchito zawo zapa opaleshoni zimathandizira kuti zinthu zizitha kusintha.

PIPXPRSS.RA.. Vuto lakusankha mfundo kuti zigwirizane ndi makoma ndi denga m'gulu ndi nyumba zachinsinsi zimayang'anizana ndi aliyense wa ife. Sizokayikitsa kuti wina azikhudza chithunzithunzi mwachindunji pa zojambulajambula kapena utoto wovuta. Mwachidziwikire, pomaliza kumaliza, malo osalala amafunikira. Izi zitha kukhala ma sheet okhazikika pa crate, kapena pulasitala. Ohay ndi kuyankhula.

Mbiri ndi zamakono

Liwu loti "pulasitala" limachokera ku Italiya Stimaccutura, lomwe linapitanso kubwerera ku Malleccro- "gypsum", "laimu", Alebister ". Izi zimatchedwa kuti kumaliza mawonekedwe owuma opangidwa ndi zomanga (pulasitala) yankho pamayendedwe a zinthu ndi magawo a nyumba. Pulasitala amatseka ming'alu ndi seams, ikani zosagwirizana ndi makoma ndi denga, potero ndikupeza maziko olimba a ntchito ina. Pa msika wapabanja, izi zimayimiriridwa ndi makampani ambiri osiyanasiyana. Pakati pawo "volma" yake, "imasiya", "anyani", "aja", "stromonnazh Ms" (Allhan-Gober), " Rus "(Russia- France), NEnkel (Tracemal Ceret), KRIESLL (Oba Germany), Gulu la Maxt (Votland).

Zojambula zamakono ndizosakaniza zouma, mafakitale ndi zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana, zodzaza m'mapaketi osindikizidwa. Mwa mawonekedwe awa, iwo, osataya katundu, kusamutsa malo osungira ndi mayendedwe (ngakhale kutentha kolakwika). Chimakhala ndi kusakaniza kwamadzi nthawi yomweyo isanayambe ntchito. Mkati mwa nyumba, simenti ndi gypsum mayankho nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Lingaliro la katswiri

Mapangidwe a crate ndi ma sheets a pigsterboard kuti agwirizane ndi makoma (denga) amachepetsa malowa ndi kutalika kwa chipindacho. Kuteteza mashelufu olemera kapena plasma pa iyo, muyenera kusamalira kulimbikitsa masamba ofananira. Inde, ndipo pambuyo pake, sizotheka kumasulira zinthu popanda kuvutitsa. Pamalo opaka uja mutha kupaka chilichonse, kulikonse. Palibe amene akudziwa ndendende zomwe moyo wa pulasitala wamwala, monga momwe zinthu zilili zatsopano, ndipo zopatulikazo ndi zaka zambiri! Chifukwa chake, ngati mukufuna kukhalanso nthawi yochulukirapo kukonza pang'ono, koma kuti musabwererenso, ndizothandiza kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito ma plasi. Amakulolani kuti muthe kusintha matsidwe okongoletsa ndi malo omwe ali mkati. Momwemonso, monga momwe mkhalidwe wathu ukusonyezera, mawonekedwe a 1m2 pamtunda wa 1m2 ndi mtengo wa pulasitala (ndi gulu la zinthu) ndi 1.5-2 nthawi zokwera mtengo kuposa zosakaniza zopopera komanso mtengo wa zida).

Vadim Oreshekkin, wamkulu wa injini ya zomangamanga ndi zomangamanga "dividi"

Timalingalira molingana ndi malamulo

"Maxat Gulu" Kugwiritsa Ntchito Plasters Oyenererana Moyenera kupanga zokutira wolimba ndi wolimba, womwe sulinso zaka zingapo. Zimakhala bwino mchipindacho ndikuchotsa kutentha ndi chinyezi madontho osatayika m'miyala, magaleta, mabafa.

Kodi nchifukwa ninji stereotype ya malingaliro oyipa a mtundu uwu pomaliza adakhazikika pakuzindikira? Pali zifukwa zingapo. Mwachitsanzo, malingaliro osasamala akukonzekera njira zosakanikirana, zomwe zimatha kubweretsa zovuta zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri. Tiyeni tifotokoze kuti: Monga binder, zosakanikirazo zimaphatikizapo simenti. Zimapereka shring'on mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito, komanso amayankhanso kusintha kwa kutentha ndi chinyezi, chomwe, mwachilengedwe, chimawonetsedwa mu pulasitala. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti mupirire kuchuluka kwa binder ndi filler, yomwe imakulitsa izi ndikukakamizidwa. Zosefera nthawi zambiri zimakhala mchenga, pang'ono pafupipafupi. Zosakaniza zowuma kwambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito tizigawo osiyanasiyana amchenga. Amapanga mawonekedwe am'madzi ambiri, ndibwino kuthetsa nkhawa zomwe zimatuluka ndikuletsa zolimba za ming'alu kuposa tizigawo tomwe timayamwa.

"VAVMA"

Mfumu

"Ophunzira"

Kuphatikiza apo, maonekedwe a ming'alu akhoza kukhala zotsatira za ntchito zosayenera ndi kapangidwe kazikulu. Monga mukudziwa, mayankho a simenti akupeza mphamvu yathunthu patatha masiku 28, kukumbatira mwachilengedwe. Kutenga Mabasi Olimbitsa Kwambiri (Siltel Njerwa, nthoti zojambulajambula) zimatengedwa ndi chinyezi kuchokera kuzomwe zimayambitsa, osalola kuti mukhale ndi mphamvu zofunikira. Izi sizingachitike ngati mutaphimba makhoma kapena denga ndi nthaka yapadera. Kukwera pulasitala kumatsogolera ndikuyesera kupukuta mwachangu (mwachitsanzo, pogwiritsa ntchito chowuma chomanga). Pankhaniyi, vuto lomwe limakhala loyera lidzauma kwambiri kuposa kuzungulira tsamba ili, ndipo shrinkage imathamanganso. Chifukwa chake, ma curnicks ngati zovala zapafupi.

Kwa ma cellars ndi ma garages ndikofunikira kuganizira za kuchuluka kwa pulasitala, ndiye kuti, kuthekera kwake kudutsa ma capillar chinyezi kuchokera kuchinyezi chakunja. Chizindikiro ichi sichili chachikulu, koma pempho lopanga liziwonetsa deta kuti ipangidwe.

Komabe, ngati pulasitala amatsogolera gulu loyenereradi, omwe amadziwika ndi ukadaulo wakukonzekera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma plasters, palibe zifukwa zosangalalira. Komabe, makasitomala omwe angakhale odziwika ayenera kudziwika kuti pambuyo pa khoma, pulasitiki ya simenti ayenera kudikirira kwa masabata 1-2 asanafike kumapeto kwa kumaliza. Mawuwa amatengera makulidwe a wosanjikiza, chinyezi ndi kutentha kozungulira.

Eya, iwo okwera mtengo uliwonse ola lililonse, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito pulasitala yamankhwala.

Lingaliro la katswiri

"K KNAUF"

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Makina Opatukana Nthawi 5 Kuchulukitsa zokolola zomwe zikugwira ntchito poyerekeza ndi maudindo amakhulupirira kuti pulasitala yamphamvu, ndiye kuti simenti ingapo. Ndi chinyengo. Kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa simenti mu kapangidwe kake kamapangitsa kuti ikhale yandiweyani komanso yolimba, koma ikauma ndikuwumitsa ndikuwumitsa mpweya, zomwe zimayambitsa ming'alu. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa simenti kuyenera kukhala koyenera komanso kochepa. Pulasitala yomweyo sangakhale wolimba. Izi zikufotokozedwa bwino mu Europe. Kupatula apo, kuchuluka kwamphamvu (zolimba) zomwe zimachitika mwachangu kutentha kwa kutentha, kuphatikizika kapena kukulira. Kunyalanyaza izi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosayenera pazovuta zabwino kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, simenti yosakanikirana ndi mchenga mu 1: 3 kuthamanga kuli ndi mphamvu yovuta kuposa 150 kgf / cm2. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa njerwa njerwa zam'madzi m100, m100, m125 (monga mphamvu ya 50-125 kgf / cm2 yasokonekera.

Arkady Lukoyanov,

Mutu wa Dipatimenti Yophunzitsira ya Kampani "Kniaf-Kutsatsa Krasnogoosek"

Kokha pakugwiritsa ntchito mkati

"K KNAUF"

Kusankhidwa kwa gypsum kumagwiritsidwa ntchito zipinda zomwe zimakhala ndi chinyezi, kuphatikiza kukhitchini zojambula zophatikizika ndi mafilimu ang'onoang'ono (mm) poyerekeza ndi simenti mwachangu ndikuwumitsa maola ambiri. , osati kwa tsiku. Izi zimachepetsa nthawi yokonza. Misa yafulu yazotsatira zomatira zimasinthitsa ukadaulo wa ntchito, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pokonzanso mitengo. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa matenthedwe a gypsum ndi kutentha kwabwino. Kuphatikiza apo, imatha kukhalabe ndi microclimate yokhazikika m'chipindacho, kutenga chinyezi chowonjezera pamlengalenga, kenako ndikuupereka.

Kugwiritsa ntchito pulasitala pulasitili kumakhala kochepa. Sangagwiritsidwe ntchito zipinda ndi chinyezi choposa 65-70%. Makoma a zimbudzi amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi osakaniza okha ndi mpweya wabwino. Ngakhale izi, zachuma zama pulasitiki zikakhala ndi kuthekera kwa kugwira nawo ntchito zimawapangitsa kukhala otchuka kwambiri. Posachedwa, zomangira za pulasitala za zoterezi inali vuto lalikulu. Zowonjezera zapadera zowonjezera zimakupatsani mwayi wowonjezera nthawi yofunsira ndikukhazikitsa yankho. Komabe, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza masewera olimbitsa thupi.

Kusintha ultrasound

Kuphatikizika kwa zosakanikira zamakono zomwe zimaphatikizapo kusintha kowonjezera. Kuchuluka kwawo ndi 0,1-1% yonse. Ngakhale izi zitavuta kwambiri, zimawonjezera ntchito yothandizapo, kusintha malizaliza, kukulitsa moyo wake komanso chifukwa chake, kuchepetsa ndalama kukonza. Ena amasunga chinyontho mu mayankho a simementi, ena amalimbitsa pulasitiki yosanjikiza, lachitatu lotsimikizira, lachinayi limalepheretsa mafangayi. Ndizomvera chisoni kuti mawu wamba okha amalembedwa pamapaketi osakhala owuma: "... ndi zowonjezera zapadera", osanenapo zinthu zina zapadera ndi zochita zawo.

(koma) "K KNAUF"	(b) "K KNAUF"	(mu) "K KNAUF"
(d) "K KNAUF"	(e) "K KNAUF"	(e) "K KNAUF"
Pulasitala imagwira ntchito ya utali wapakatikati pakumapeto kokongoletsa ndi maziko. Mitundu yofala kwambiri ya malo ndizofala kwambiri: konkriti (a); konkriti yolumikizidwa (b); Gypsum mabatani (b); njerwa (g); Njoka zakale (e); Slikar njerwa (e)

"Mafupa"

Kugwira chitsulo chazitsulo kumawonjezera mphamvu yamakina ya nyumba yoyala. Imakhazikika mwachindunji mpaka kumapeto kwa maziko pazinthu zomwe zilipo pa chipangizo cha ma khoma omwe sanakhalepo pamtunda wa chipindacho sayenera kupitirira 10mm. Komabe, m'moyo weniweni, kulondola kotereku kumachitika pafupipafupi. Kuyala mosavuta kupatuka kosanja m'mitundu ya 5-30 mm.

Mayankho a gypslum ndi omwe amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito muyeso umodzi wa zomwe mukufuna. Simenti-iwiri, ndipo nthawi zina m'magawo atatu: kutsitsa koyambirira, kwakukulu (osaposa 20mm). Ndikofunikira kudikira tsiku limodzi, pomwe woyambayo adzaumitsa, tsiku lomwe limachitika tsiku lomwe nthawi zambiri limapita.

Ngati makulidwe a pulayala a simenti ayenera kukhala oposa 30mm, kwa okwanira 50mm amalimbikitsidwa ndi fiberglass kapena mauna achitsulo. Yoyamba, monga lamulo, imapangidwa pakati pa zigawo ziwiri. Lachiwiri limakhazikika mpaka kuyamba kolowera. Atanyamula "Skeleton" amafunikiranso kugwiritsa ntchito zosankhidwa zosavuta kwambiri popanda kutsatira zosasangalatsa kuzitsulo.

Kulimbikitsanso magalasi kapena nthiti kumalimbikitsa zovuta zojambula: zipinda zamkati ndi zakunja za zipinda, zipilala, mabotolo akunja, ndipo nthawi zina makulidwe a pulasitiki, ngati makulidwe a pulasitiki amaposa 20mm. Chimodzimodzi: Mukamagwira ntchito ndi gypsum plasisters, zida zolimbitsa ziwonetsero zimaphatikizidwa pamwamba pa yankho lazomwe limagwiritsa ntchito.

Kutsatira kwa ntchito mukamagwiritsa ntchito pulasitala ya simenti: zosakaniza zouma zimawonjezeredwa ku tank yamadzi (a); Sakanizani yankho ndi kubowola ndi phokoso kuti mupeze misa yayikulu, kuloledwa kuyimirira mphindi 3-5 ndikulimbikitsidwanso (b). Njira yothetsera vutoli imalumikizidwa ndi khomo (b); adakulitsa mawonekedwe a lamulo / scrap (g); Komwe yankho sikokwanira, zimawonjezedwa, zochulukirapo zimachotsedwa (e); Kuphatikizika komaliza kumachitika, ndipo lamulo / lio ndi madzi m'njira zosiyanasiyana (e); Zotsatira zake, ndizotheka kuyeretsa, yosalala, popanda kumira (g)

Kwa chilichonse

Pambuyo popaka, mawonekedwe ndi lathyathyathya, koma yoyipa. Basi yosalala bwino imapezeka mwamwambo yomwe imapezeka pochita zinthu zotsatila, monga mateke ali ndi kukula kocheperako kwa zigawo za filler. Komabe, mapangidwe amakono opaka amakupatsani mwayi wothetsa ntchitoyi. Kusakaniza kwa "volma-wosanjikiza" ("Volma") kutengera gypsum yoyera yoyera imapangidwa kuti ikhale yosanjikiza ndikuyika pamwamba pa shtcloth yowonjezera popanda shtcloth yowonjezera. Phukusi lamtengo wapatali (15kg) - 150 puti.

Maluso osintha ntchito ndi zitsulo zosalala. Zolemba zakale pamenepa zikuyenera kutenga chiseri, nyundo ndikuyika mawonekedwe onse kapena kukonza chitsulo chonse. Sikuyesetsa kuchita ndi dothi "betokontakt" ("Kniaf") yokhala ndi mchenga wosamala ndi zokulirapo. Imapanga filimu yovuta pa malo osalala. Phukusi mtengo (20kg) - 1110 pulish.

Malangizo pokonzanso malo owonongeka ndikudzaza masinja kuchokera ku "Gulu la Maxit": Makondo amadzaza ndi yankho, kuyang'ana mulingo (a); Akagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wosanjikiza, pamwamba pake amadula pang'ono ndipo sakusisita (b); Pamaso pa awa, lonyowa lam'mbuyo (b); Zinthu zowonjezera zimachotsedwa ndi pulasitiki kapena kuchuluka kwa aluminium ndi chiopsezo cha pachimake (g, d); Pamwambayo yasaina (e); Ngati ndi kotheka, rukani pang'ono (g). Ziphuphu zokonzedwa zimawuma masana

Mlandu wapadera wa zikwangwani, mitsinje, makhadi, kutentha komwe kumafika 70 s. Amangopangidwa kokha mwa mawonekedwe apadera, monga scanlandm al (scanland). Ili ndi pulasitala yosakaniza malinga ndi simenti ndi kalin. Phukusi mtengo (25kg) - 570 pukuta.

Panthawi yokonza, sizophweka kuyeretsa makhoma kapena denga, ndipo izi ndizofunikira kuti zimvetse bwino za kapangidwe ka zojambula. Kuchulukana kwa zinthu kungathandizenso pansi, mwachitsanzo cerereit st17. Amalowa kwambiri pansi zigawo za pansi, zimawonjezera mphamvu zawo, kumanga fumbi. Kuphatikizika kumalepheretsa kuyanika kwa zophatikizika za kusazikirana, kumawonjezera cholumikizira cha zinthuzo, kumachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa misa. Phukusi Mtengo (10kg) - 447 Puku.

Pakadali pano, malinga ndi ukadaulo wa ku Finnish pansi pa simenti "zopanda pake" ndi "kuwala kwa TT" ("Gulu Lalikulu") Zake zonyowa, komanso zonyowa pulasitala m'masiku oyamba mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito. Mtengo wa phukusi (25 makilogalamu) - 260 ndi 280 rubles, motero.

Lingaliro la katswiri

Vuto lodziwika bwino mukamagwira ntchito ndi simenti yosinthidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zolemba zambiri - onjezerani madzi ambiri kuposa zomwe zawonetsedwa pa phukusi. Zosavuta zimayambitsa kuwonjezeka kwa shranage, kuchepa kwa chotsatsa, ndipo chifukwa chake timapeza pulasitiki losauka. Nyengo yopaka iyenera kutsekera ku boma la misa ya homogeneous, lopanda zotupa. Kuti muchite izi, osakaniza owuma amawonjezeredwa madzi owerengedwa mosamalitsa (koma osati mosemphanitsa!). Nthawi zambiri, izi zachitika anthu awiri: umodzi pang'onopang'ono amachepetsa kusakaniza mu chidebe, china chimasakaniza kubowoleza kwake ndi mphuno. Kuchuluka kwa Kubowola kwa kubowola sikuyenera kupitirira 800 rpm, apo ayi kusakaniza kwazinthu zomwe sizingachitike: zigawo zolemera (simenti, mchenga) zidzagwedezeka. Kenako siyani osakaniza okha kwa mphindi zochepa kuti zinthu zosintha zomwe zili mkati zimagwira ntchito ndikusakaniza kachiwiri. Pambuyo pa zomwe mungathe kupita kuntchito. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala chilimwe nyengo yotentha, chosakanikirana chosakanikirana chimayamba kugwera pansi mu chidebe. Kodi osachita chiyani? Amawonjezera madzi. Chifukwa chake ndizosatheka kuchita: ndikofunikira kuyatsa ndikubowolanso ndikusakaniza kapangidwe kake.

Eduard Mikhailov, Dipoty Testicrol Testillol of Henkel Bauthekniknik

Pofuna kuti musakayikire kugwirizana ndi dothi, mazira ndi putty, ndibwino kuti mukhale ndi zida kuchokera kupanga imodzi. Makamaka kuyambira lero msika umayambiranso ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zogwirizanitsa mawonekedwe aliwonse mnyumba ndi kukonzekera kwakukulu kwakokongoletsa kwawo kukongoletsa.

Ena owuma amasakaniza

Dzina (wopanga)	Sitilakichala	Cholinga	Mphamvu, MPA	Kudya, kg / m2, wokhala ndi makulidwe 1mm	Ma voliyumu, kg	Mtengo, pakani.
"Vutoli - onani" ("Vumba")	Osakaniza potengera gypsum binder ndi kuwala kopepuka ndi mineral ndi mankhwala owonjezera	Kugwirizanitsa makoma ndi denga pansi pa matayala a ceramic matailosi, chomata ndi zithunzi zokhala popanda shtcloth zowonjezera, komanso ntchito yokongoletsera, ntchito yokonzanso	Osachepera 5.	0.8-0.9	5/15/30	5050/242.
"Kuyambira pa 21" Superplastic (Keratx)	Chosakaniza pa simenti-laime-masitepe ndi mchenga wabwino ndi zowonjezera zapadera zamankhwala	Kugwirizanitsa makoma a konkriti, konkriti konkire, njerwa ndi miyala mkati ndi nyumba zakunja	Osachepera 7.	1.5-1.6	25.	165.
Grey Malo "Ophunzira" ("Oyembekezera")	Osakaniza potengera gypsum ndikusintha zowonjezera za Bay, wacker (onse a Germany)	Makina owopsa popanda ma shtclothethesnce a makoma ndi denga lopangidwa ndi konkriti, njerwa za njerwa pokonzekera utoto ndi kutayika	Osachepera 3.	0.9-1	15/30	139/237
Simenti-Sand Clain Stucco (oyembekezera)	Kuphatikizidwa Malinga ndi simenti m500, laimu, mchenga wosankhika, zowonjezera zomwe zimawonjezera mphamvu ndi zomatira za yankho	Mauthenga ndi makina opanga makhoma owombera m'nyumba	Osachepera 5.	1.25-1.35	25/50	137/262.
"Zabwino T 25" ("(" stroymonnazh ms ")	Chosakanikirana pa pulasitala ndi zowonjezera zapadera zamankhwala	Pakugwira ntchito mkati molumikizana ndi makoma ndi denga kuchokera ku konkriti, konkriti yokhazikika, njerwa zokhala ndi chinyezi	Osachepera 3.	chimodzi	makumi atatu	200.
"Kniaf-Greandband" ("Kniaf")	The osakaniza malinga ndi simenti, mchenga wosankhika, kuwala kopepuka mu mawonekedwe a polystyrene granules, zowonjezera, kuphatikiza hydrophobic	Kwa ntchito zakunja ndi zamkati, zopaka makoma ndi makhodi m'chipinda chonyowa	3,4.	1,2	25.	200.
"Kniaf-Fitband" ("Kniaf")	Chosakanikirana malinga ndi pulasitala ndi zowonjezera zomwe zimasintha	Pautona wamalembo ndi makoma okhala ndi maziko olimba (konkriti, njerwa, pulater plaster), komanso polystyrene malo	Osachepera 2.5	0.85	makumi atatu	320.
Cereret St29 (Henkel)	Kusakaniza kwa simenti yokhala ndi mafilimu a mchere ndi polymer	Pokonza ndi kusinthidwa kwa simenti, simenti-ya, konkriti ndi njerwa zokongoletsera pamakoma ndi denga, mkati ndi kunja kwa nyumba	Osachepera 5.	1,8.	25.	358.
Gipsputz 650 (kreisel)	Kuphatikiza kwa gypsum gypsum, maggreol aggreorts, laimu youma, zosintha zowonjezera	Kuti muphe makhoma osanjikiza ndi pansi m'nyumba, mkati mwa nyumba, mchipinda chokhala ndi chinyezi, osapitilira 70%	2.5	chimodzi	makumi atatu	370.
"Okalamba" ("Maxit Gulu")	Pulaster Laster	Kudzaza madipondo ndi kusagwirizana ndi makoma ndi makoma a makoma ndi kudenga mu zipinda zouma	-1	chimodzi	25.	270.
Weber.stuk isol ("Saint-Goben Weber Rus")	Kupaka siteji ya simenti, mchenga wosankhika, perlite, mchere ndi polymer owonjezera	Kuti musinthe makoma amkati ndi akunja, ndi zopingasa konkire, zolimbikitsira njerwa, zithosi, chithovu ndi mabatani owuma	Osachepera 5.	1,1	makumi awiri	363.

Okonzayo akuthokoza "Vumba", "ku divi", "gulu la a Gorben", "anyani", "atsogoleri", "Henkel Bautethechnik" kuti awathandize pokonzekera zinthu.