Tekinoloji yomanga ya "yabwino" nyumba ndi zinthu zake - cholakwika, chapamwamba, nyumba yojambula, khonde, khonde. Zokongoletsera zawiya zokongoletsera, khonde, zitseko, madenga.
Kupanga nyumba zopumira kukukula chaka ndi chaka. Koma udzayang'anani wina - ndipo mzimu sukusangalala: kotero adamwalira ndipo osazindikira ... Asodzi ayang'ane wina - hunse: Kodi zifukwa zake ndi ziti ndipo nyumba "yabwino" ndi iti yomwe ili pachikhalidwe? Yankho lathu tidzayesa kupereka m'nkhani yofunsidwa.
Ndani adzakonyimbo?
Makolo athu ankakonda ndipo amadziwa momwe angapangireko nkhuni. Zinali zonse: zonse: matchalitchi, mipingo ndi nkhokwe, milatho ndi zitsime. Pambuyo pa miyambo yakale yakale ya zomangamanga ku Russia ku Russia adatayika kwambiri, tsopano ali obadwanso (art ali ndi zovuta zambiri).
Ndikosatheka kudutsa kuti tsopano ambuye samangogwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga nyumba zamatanda, komanso amayesa kuwaphatikiza ndi matekinoloje aposachedwa, kusefukira kwamadzi .p. Zinanso? Chilichonse chomwe achikonda zakale angakhale, akufuna kukhala masiku ano, potonthoza. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti m'nkhaniyi tidzathandizana ndi vutoli. Cholinga chake chidzalipidwa ku malo omangika am'mimba ndi njira zomanga, ingopatsani, momwe timaganizira, nyumba yabwinoyi yomwe ikumanga.
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1. Masamba, omwe ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe, amathanso kukongoletsedwa ndi zojambula, muyenera kungopeza mitundu yachilendo. 2, 3. Njira yochotsera zamkuwa imwalira, pachaka kapena ziwiri zikuwoneka ngati panjira yakale. | |||
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4, 6, 6, 6, 7, 7. Chabwino ndi "herm", kugawana kuzungulira pachipata, kunabwera ku bwalo kwanthawi yayitali, koma zikuwoneka bwino ndipo tsopano. 5. Muyang'ana nyumba yotere - ndipo mukufuna kumwetulira. Kupatula apo, amakuyang'ananso ndikumwetulira. 8. Kodi chabwino sikuti azikhala pabenchi? | |||
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9, 10. Kuti athane ndi chinyezi chakale kale, miyala ya miyala ya miyala ija inaikidwa pa korona wowonda, ndipo pakati pawo ndi chipikacho chidasungidwa ndi chinyezi. Palibe chomwe chimalepheretsa phwandoli ndipo tsopano. Onani zithunzi - pansi pa mikate "hid" tepi ya konkriti yosungiramo malo osungira. 11. Khoma la mitengo yamiyala yosiyanasiyana ili ndi zisangalalo zapadera. 12. Chitetezo cha Deraton - kupitiliza khoma. | |||
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13. Kuyambira nyumbayo, mitengoyo idawombera yosalala komanso yopanda chilema. Vipheone opotoza ulusi (zotupa) ndi cholakwika sizimaganiziridwa | |||
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17, 18. Mafilimu otsutsa a Samstone amalimbikitsidwa wina ndi mnzake ndi mitengo imodzi kapena zingapo: akalonga, ena, ndi othandiza 19, 20. Mapeto a zovuta nthawi zina amaphatikizidwa ndi mawonekedwe a hexagon kapena mphero, koma kuchotsedwa kwa gawo lakunja kunathamanga kuwonongeka kwa chipikacho. |
Kuti muganize za kugwiritsa ntchito "Chinsinsi" chilichonse chomwe mumakonda, chisanayambe chisanayambe - ngakhale musanayambe kupanga. Mapulogalamu apakompyuta amalola kuti zithetse mwatsatanetsatane (ndikofunikira kuti muganize ndikupeza njira za mabanja anu onse), komanso kuti akonzenso zam'tsogolo "Teremi" pasadakhale (kuphatikizapo? kukula - voluminaous). Zonsezi zithandizira kuwerengera kuvomereza kwa phwando linalojekitiyi komanso nokha. Kuyesa ndi mawonekedwe omaliza kumachedwa.
Zomera
Mapulogalamu a kanyumba kanu amasankhidwa ndi chidutswacho. Makina kuchokera pansi amachotsedwa ndi chida chofanana ndi fosholo yokhala ndi chitsime chakuthwa, kenako ndikupanga screwdriver ndi cholembera. Ndi njira iyi ya "Ham", yoteteza nkhuni imasungidwa momwe angathere, yomwe imakhala chitsimikizo cha kulimba kwa kapangidwe kake.
Maluso a mapangidwe a angular ndi mafupa opingasa omwe adachitidwa pa korona aliyense. Chowonadi ndi chakuti chipika chilichonse chili ndi mbiri yake "payekha, chifukwa chake imalephera kukonza njira.
Ulemu wosakayika wa kudula kwa bukuli ndi kuti kumakupatsani mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito zigawo zazikulu, komanso kutonthoza makoma a mivi yonse komanso kuyikako kwa komelka ku Makumaku . Chifukwa cha izi kuti nyumbayo imapeza mawonekedwe apadera, ndipo nthawi yomweyo zimatheka kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri zamagetsi.
Malinga ndi chikhalidwe cha magomedwe, nsonga zikupeza kuchokera ku mitengo yomweyo komanso mwaukadaulo womwewo ngati nyumba yopuma. M'malo mwake, ndi kupitirira kwa khoma, kokha kubwereza mawu a ndodo za padenga. Amatchedwa amuna kapena ndi amuna a amuna (mwina kuti dzinali lomwe limafotokozedwa kuti dzinali limafotokozedwa chifukwa chakuti kutsogolo kwalongosoledwe kotereku kumawonekera ngati yokha, osathandizidwa ndi mbali).
Wobca kapena pat?
Pali njira ziwiri zogwirizira kuphatikiza makona a chipika cha nkhuni: ndi zotsalira ("m'mphepete") komanso popanda zotsalira ("pa ulesi"). Ngati mukufuna kupanga "nthano ya nthano", muyenera kulolera ndewu yoyamba, chifukwa pamenepa mudzakhala ndi mwayi wopangidwa mwaluso, motero perekani kapangidwe kake kake kukoma kwapadera. Momwe zingachitikire, ife, mwina, sitingafotokoze mwatsatanetsatane - ingoyang'anani chithunzicho kuti zonse zikhala zomveka.Kudula ndi zotsalazo kukusonyeza kulumikizana kwa malekezero a mitengoyo kunapangitsa kuti padenga, mothandizidwa ndi zikho za zikho zingapo: "M'mbale", "mu mbewa" komanso "Pochita bwino" (imodzi mwa mayina awa ndiofunika!). Mwa omwe alembedwapo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito pawiri "m'mbale": Mu chipika chotsika, zokutira zimadulidwa, zotulukapo zomwe zimabwereza mawonekedwe a chipika chochokera pamwambapa. Ichi ndiye njira yosavuta kwambiri. Mtundu wovuta womwewo umapangidwa mu mbale ya nyumba yachifumu - alumali apadera omwe amanjenjemera ndi mpweya, kupewa kutaya kutentha. Mitundu yotsala ya compo ikuwoneka ngati yovuta kwambiri, kotero ambuye amakono amawagwiritsa ntchito pomanga nthawi zambiri.
Panjira, pa miyambo yakale mu imodzi kapena ngakhale mu makapu angapo, muyenera kusiya ndalama zasiliva - ndiye kuti chuma chibwera kunyumba.
Kuwala "Lanja"
Mu zomanga za wolakwitsa (cholakwika - "nyali"), ndichikhalidwe chotchedwa semicler, tranger kapena multifaced grorged prows khoma la nyumbayo. Nthawi zambiri zimakwirira pansi zingapo (nthawi zina zimamangidwa kutalika konse kwa mawonekedwe), kuwonjezera malowa, komanso kukonza kuwunikira kwawo.
Amakhulupirira kuti m'chipinda cha miyala omwe timabwereka kwa alendo ochokera kwa alendo. Komabe, gulu lathu linayamba kuzigwiritsa ntchito popanga nyumba. Kupatula apo, wolakwayo si kanthu kopitilira theka kapena mabulosi asanu ndi atatu a tchalitchi chamitengo yambiri. Aiyh ku Russia anamanga maganizidwe a m'zaka za zana.
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22, 23, 25-27. Ngati mzere wakumwa umapangika pang'ono, zikuwoneka kuti umakokedwa ndi dzanja la ojambula 24. Makina owoneka bwino a mitengo yolimba imathanso kukongoletsa mawonekedwe. | |||
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28, 30. Zolepheretsa za kulakwitsa kwamakono ndi chigonjetso cha mpingo wamatabwa chimafanana. | |||
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29, 31. Zosankha za kuperekera mitengo mu ndege 21, 32. Panalimbitsa mitengo yamitengo yomwe ili pansi padenga nthawi zambiri kukokomeza ndi zojambula. Nthawi yomweyo, zojambulazo nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizira nduwira ziwiri zochepa nthawi imodzi. Chipika chapamwamba, chonyamula katundu waukulu, chakhalabe cholimba. | |||
| Chithunzi 33. | 
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33. Anthu a m'masiku athu ambiri sakongoletsedwa ndi ulusi. Pokhapokha malekezero a mitengoyo amakazinga ndi gawo lopindika. Mwinanso komanso zabwino zidzakhala nthawi yayitali 34, 35, 36. Makina a sofa osathandizidwa ndi madenga okha, komanso makonde. Apa ndikukonzekera kulinganiza pamizere iwiri kapena itatu, ndipo pafupifupi khoma lonse | |||
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37, 38. Dongosolo la mitengo yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa nthawi yomanga osati kaliya kokha, komanso veranda, kulira, Th-T. Ndi magonedwe awo, zitsulo zachitsulo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. 39. Nyumba za Gulbii zidakhalapo 1-1,5m pa ndege ya malekezero a malekezero atseke. |
Zachidziwikire, kulumikizana kwa mitengoyo "m'mbale" pamalowo, mosiyana ndi 90, kumawerengedwa kuti ndizovuta kwambiri. Izi ndi chifukwa cha mawonekedwe osakhazikika a mbale yosankhidwa mu chipika, ndi voliyumu yake yayikulu. Komabe, olakwa mu nyumba zosankhidwa zamakono ndiofala. Pali nyumba osati ndi imodzi, koma ndi awiri kapena ngakhale atatu olakwa.
Bwino kuposa ku Switzerland
Mawu akuti "anayimba" mu kamangidwe ka maluwa aku Russia akuwonjezera kuti athetse kukoma kwa nduwira pang'onopang'ono, ndikupanganso kapangidwe kofananako komanso ku Switzer). Zotsatira zake ndi madenga a madenga omwe angawonjezeke kwambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndibwino kuteteza makhoma a makhoma. Awa ndi banja, mbali yothandiza ya funso. Ponena za zopenga, mawonekedwe ake ndiye njira yosavuta ndendende ndikumakupatsani mwayi wobweretsa nkhope yomwe mukufuna.Njira ina
Nyumba zokhala ndi dongosolo logwirizana (ndizopanga zomwe zimakonda madoko amakono), pomwe makoma, magombe, komanso magawo amkati a chipinda cha ittic, amapanga ngozi. Ngati matchulidwe a spelling, kutengera kumapeto kwa makhoma, ndipo chachiwiri - pa chipika cha Princess, chidzalumikizidwa ndi ena, ndikupangitsa palimodzi ndi lowani Gromesuths), mapazi "mapazi" adzaikidwa m'mbali mwa msewu ndikutulutsa makhoma akunja. Zotsatira zake, pansi panyanjapo iyamba kugwa.
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40-42. Mu nthawi ya Gulbishch, khonde la m'nyumba kapena veranda lotseguka linasanduka nyumba yoyenda. Oyenera-inde, ali kale ndi nkhani za mitengo, koma kwamphamvu, monga pansi pa nyumba yonse, maziko. 435.. Monga zaka 300 zapitazo, ndipo tsopano khonde limayikidwa pansi pa mbali. | |||
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46, 47. Zosankha zamakono nyumba zapakhomo | |||
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49, 50, 52. Ma coca okongoletsedwa ndi nkhuku yomangidwa ndi mitu ya akavalo. Pakati pa wophika ndi wamadzi, amayika madzi. | |||
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51, 53. Pamwamba pa matabwa awiri ovala m'matumbo. 54, 55. Zosankha халу Profarийй 56, 57. Mitundu yakale ndi yamakono ya matabwa amphepo. | |||
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58. Nyumba yamakono yokhala ndi chidindo chodzaza ndi chidindo cha chidindo, zomwe (za inshuwaransi) zimabisidwa ndi wosanjikiza watsopano. 59. Mwina si ana onse amakono omwe amawerengedwa za Tim ndi gulu lake, ndipo amawoneka kuti nyumbayo ndi yovomerezeka, yomwe ili pamtengo wa pine lakale, idzasangalatsa anyamata ndi atsikana. Kupatula apo, mwana aliyense, ngakhale ali m'zaka zamakompyuta, mu moyo wachikondi 60. "Utsi" ndi bolodi ya zomangamanga, yomwe ndi utsi wokoka ndi utsi wakuda. Kungolankhula, kumangana padenga |
Auto Mansard chimangoti vutoli silimawopseza - mtengo wa shrinkages shrinal sapereka. Koma bwanji za nthanoyi? Akatswiri a kampani ya "akatswiri aku kumpoto" adadzipereka kuti apange chimango ... kuchokera ku mitengo. Mitengo pakati pa miyala imasoka ndi matabwa, ma valhouettes a mitengo yamphamvu akulankhula kuchokera mundege. Zotsatira za "zinthu zokongola" za kapangidwe kake sizivutika.
Yenda mozungulira
Zovala, nyumba yoyenda pamlingo woyamba (nthawi zina ndi wachiwiri) pansi, adayitanidwa mu Hulbish wakale. Inali pafupi ndi mawonekedwe a nkhope, ndipo nthawi zina amadzaza nyumbayo.Kutsikira kwa chipindachi kunali bolobati, mpanda wa mbali inakutidwa ndi zophulika, ndikudalira mabasi ofutiti kapena ochulukirapo. Pa gulbert, nthawi zambiri tikwaniritsa zojambulazo. Ngati inali pamlingo wachiwiri, nthawi zambiri zokongoletsazo nthawi zambiri zimalowa mu ndodo ya denga la nyumbayo, yomwe idathandizidwa ndi "mzamba". Kuphatikiza pa cholinga chachikulu (pakuyenda), Gulbi anali ndi zowonjezera - ndizothandiza kutseka zotsekemera pazenera. Golbishche idasinthidwa kukhala khonde ndi veranda yotseguka, ikulongosola nyumba mozungulira.
Kumene kuli kupuma
Mawu oti "khonde" kudutsa zilankhulo za ku France komanso ku Italy amabwerera ku baco wakale ("chipika"). Tsopano imatchedwa nsanja yokhala ndi mpanda pamwamba pa nyumbayo. Sitikunena kuti zolengedwa zotere ku Russia zimatchedwa makonde, koma anali odziwika kwa makolo athu. Lolani kuti zikhale laling'ono kwambiri komanso pansi pa madenga - zivute. Landloncho limodzi ndi goliji ya Gulbish adachitira umboni za kuwuma kwa nyumbayo. Kutchulidwa kwa izi kumapezeka mu ntchito zofunika kwambiri za zikhalidwe, zotsutsana za chikhalidwe cha Scivic. Makonde akale a Uth Uth ndi maso awo ku Museum kuvuta kwa korel.
Pansi pa khonde mosakayikira imakongoletsa zomangira za nyumba yamakono, nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndendende, zomwe zikusowa geometry ya mpingo. Komabe, ndikofunikira kuti mafomu ndi miyeso ya zinthu za khonde imakhala yogwirizana mogwirizana ndi zomangamanga nyumbayo, apo ayi mudzakhala ochulukirapo.
Kukongoletsa padenga
Kufinya kwa cocker kumayala koute yamatabwa - madzi. Madenga amaika kuti apumule pa chimbalangono kumapeto, ndipo linalo linagona pa lowani la mwana wamfumu, ndikulimbikitsa Lembali. The Slot pamphepete mwa zikwangwani ziwiri zophimbidwa - a | zopangidwa ndi mtengo wamphamvu wokhala ndi mahatchi a Koov, " Malo omwe ali pafupi ndi chimbudzi kuchokera kutsogolo kwa kutsogolo kwa kutsogolo kwa bolodi - kuweta. Kumbali yamilandu iwiri, bolodi lokhazikika limaliseche - thaulo. Mabwalo amphepo mu masiku akale a kukhulupirika adapangidwa ambiri ndipo pamodzi ndi thaulo, adakongoletsedwera kwambiri ndi zojambula zokhala ndi zotupa.
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61. Chitsulo "Convey Con" pa Chimney 62. Khonde lothandizidwa ndi gawo limodzi kapena awiri kapena awiri kapena awiri. Chiwerengero cha ndege zomwe zimatsogolera linachokera kumodzi mpaka atatu, ndipo adawayang'ana onse m'khosi. Tsopano khonde lamtengo silopezeka 63-65. Khonde lopanda chisoni lomwe lidapulumuka mpaka lero. Ma Wizards asanu ndi awiri abwera ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira kapangidwe kake. | |||
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66, 67, 69. Kusemphana ndi matabwa nthawi zonse kwakhala mgwirizano wamatabwa. Anakongoletsedwa ndikukongoletsedwa ndi madenga a zipinda, matawulo, mawindo ndi zitseko, zodetsa, zipata komanso ngakhale mpanda. 68. Mutha kutsegulira khomo lolowera osati lokha ndi zinthu zosema. Musanakhale, ntchito zopangidwa ndi zidutswa za mitengo ya spruce ya ma diameters osiyanasiyana. | |||
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71, 74. Zipata zamkati mwa palfold (mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku BlocHhaus) ndi njanji yochokera kwa iwo kupita kunyumba, ndipamene matabwa akuyamba. 72. Ngakhale chitsime chikatayidwa patsamba lanu ndipo mzere wopatsa madzi udzalowa mnyumbamo, "weniweni" sichidzakhala choposa. | |||
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73. The Gazebo, wopanikizika pansi pa nyumba ya Baba Yagi, mwina adzasangalala ndi akulu ndi ana. 76. Loona lalikulu lozungulira si njira yabwino yosungira nkhuni (ndi njira iyi yogona, ali ngati hasivu, osanyowa), komanso chowoneka bwino kwambiri. |
Eya, iwo amene Chinsinsi "cha miyambo 'ikanatha kulawa, amatha kugwiritsa ntchito zosungunulira zapadera mwa zigawo zamakono, mwachitsanzo, ndi zofewa zamkuwa ku Tegola (Italy).
Khadi la Bizinesi
Nyumba yozungulira
Ngati timanga patsamba lokhalo lokhalo, ngakhale monga maonekedwe abwino kwambiri, nthawi zambiri, zimawoneka zachilendo, pafupifupi ngati thupi lakunja. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti "mubwezeretse" gawo lokhazikika kamodzi. Azhache ndibwino - angapo, amalumikiza ndi mawonekedwe oyamba ndi zinthu. Mwanjira ina, muyenera kupanga nyumba zovuta.
Sikuti kusamba komwe kwakhala kovomerezeka kwa nyumba iliyonse. Ndikofunikira kuti lingaliro lovuta kukhala lovuta limaphatikizapo chilichonse - kuchokera pa chipata cholowera ndi chipata cholowera pamanja (zida za maluwa) za mpanda ndikuyika mu ngodya yakunyumba ya shopu yamatabwa. Sioyenera kuiwala za boti yagalu. Ndiye - ndipo pokhapokha - nthano yeniyeni ya nthano idzakhazikika pamalopo.
Vrendernovo "," vladiderroyaes "," zinyalala zakumpoto "," zomangika zakumpoto "kuti muthandizire pokonzekera nkhaniyi.