Zolakwika pakupanga ndikumanga nyumba kuchokera ku chipika chozungulira: zomwe zimayambitsa ming'alu, zovuta mukakhazikitsa Windows.
Onyansidwa. "Hugs" phazi la rafter ndikukopa modekha mpaka khoma lapamwamba. Kusintha kwa waya kumalola kuti rafter isamukire mtunda waufupi mukamangocheza kunyumba;
B - mawonekedwe apadera okhala ndi bulaketi komanso mbedza. Bracket imakhazikika mwendo wachangu. Mbewuyi imadutsa pakati pa bulaketi ndikukwera. Imaphimba kuchokera kumwamba, kukopa khoma kupita ku chipika. Odzimangirira
Pofunsidwa ndi omwe adanyamulapo adakulitsa khomo, koma nthawi yomweyo sanapereke korona wam'mwambamwamba, ndikulitse makhoma opingasa;
Mafuta a Ballcony amakhazikika pokhapokha otsika, ofooka. Chipika chapamwamba sichikhudzidwa
Aponyedwe;
B-kumtunda
M'zaka zaposachedwa, zomangamanga za nyumba zadzikoli kuchokera ku chiwongolero chachilengedwe chomwe chimakula ndi pafupifupi kanayi. Kalanga ine, kuwoneka kuwoneka kuwoneka kuwoneka kuphweka kogwira ndi nkhondo ndi kukongola kwa nyumba zotere kumayambitsa chikhumbo cholingana nawo ngakhale okhala ndi omanga. Abambo, zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri, ndikuuza nkhani yathu.
Wozungulira (kapena wotchinga) Log - zokongola: oyera, opepuka, osalala. Nyumba zomwe zimapezeka, mawonekedwe amangoyang'ana. Zikuwoneka kuti zikugwira naye ntchito, zikuwoneka kuti zikungobweretsa tsatanetsatane wathunthu wokhazikika komanso wolumikizira makapu olumikiza. A iwo, monga kuchokera kwa njerwa, milungu ingapo amapanga nyumba. Chilichonse chimachitika mwachangu komanso chosavuta.
Uku ndi kunyalanyaza chinyengo, mwatsoka, zimangochokera kwa eni mtsogolo, komanso kuchokera kunyumba ya chisoni cha omanga nyumba. Kodi chidaliro chotere chimakhala chifukwa chosowa. Kukhazikika kuchokera ku chihema cha nyumba - Ngalande zakukula kuyambira 66 mpaka 108m, kampani yomanga ikuganiza kuti tsopano ali phewa lonse. Nyumba 1210m- mosavuta! Pansi pawindo siili pachimake, koma kuchokera ku chipika, kukhala wokongola kwambiri? Palibe vuto! Amamanga, ma renti ndi mwakachetechete amapita ku chinthu china. Mu chaka chimodzi (nthawi zambiri mu awiri kapena atatu), eni ake amapeza iwo kunyumba yawo yatsopano, komwe sikosangalatsa kuyesa kuda nkhawa kwenikweni. Andsy yakuimbira omanga. Kuyankha Kakuti: "Titakupereka iwe nyumbayo, zinali ngati maswiti! Ngakhale chaka chimodzi, pambuyo pa kuthamangitsidwa, simunatilule chilichonse. Ndani akudziwa kuti mwachita ndi nyumbayo Kwa zaka ziwiri? Tili pa zomwe zinachitika sichofunikira. Innen itanani zina. "
Zotsatira za mkangano woterezi nthawi zambiri zimathetsa khotilo. Koma kuti alembe zonena, mwiniwakeyo amafunikira chikalata chotsimikiziridwa ndi akatswiri, zomwe zolakwika zonse zinkalembedwa ndipo zifukwa zomwe mawonekedwe awo akuwonekera. Kenako makamu ndikukumbukira kuti pali akatswiri odziyimira pawokha, omwe ntchito yake ndikuteteza kasitomala kuchokera kwa womanga wosasamala. Ndi iwo amene adzafunika kuti adziwe zoyenera.
Pamodzi ndi mkulu wa kampaniyo "Kupenda pawokha kwa ntchito yomanga" (Russia) Tidayendera zinthu ziwiri, zomwe zidamangidwa kale, ndipo ntchito yachiwiri ili kumapeto komaliza. Zomwe tidaziwona kumeneko ndikupanga maziko a nkhaniyi.
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Kutsitsa kwa madzi oundana padenga (a) ndi mafilimu omwe ali pa windows (b) akuwonetsa kuti buku la mpweya wabwino silinachite ntchito yake. Choyambitsa ndi kusowa kwa mabowo olowa mu oats a padenga ndi malo okwerera pa skate (g, e). Kuti muwonetsetse kuti kunali kofunikira "kutsegulira" Pie "(b) padenga limodzi la padenga. Popeza awiriawiri kuchokera pamutuwu kudzera pakutuwa sachotsedwa, Dokoni yamatabwa ikuwonetsedwa. |
Chinthu choyamba
Nyumba Yosungidwa Ili (Yopanda malo apansi) ndi gawo la 270m2 linamangidwa kuchokera ku lowani la larch lozungulira ndikuyika ogwidwa zaka 3 zapitazo. Kwa chaka choyamba pambuyo pomanga bokosi, omwe ali ndi omwe adawadziwa, adadikirira mpaka nyumbayo ipereka. Kenako adayamba kumaliza, zomwe zidatenga nthawi yayitali. Zitatha izi, zidayamba kuyika zida zopangira ukadaulo wa a Bouler, sauna, pang'ono dziwe. Kutumiza mzere womwe udapezeka ndipo zida zotenthetsera zidayikidwa kumayambiriro kwa dzinja. AKaka okhaokha, adayamba kugwira ntchito, zidapezeka kuti padenga la nyumbayo unali wopingasa ... ayezi! Pakamva, madontho amayamba, madzi amatuluka kuchokera padenga la madzi opanda madzi ndi kumira padenga.
Kenako eni nyumbayo nthawi yoyamba ndipo amatchedwa katswiri. Adalemba pa filimuyo ndikupereka eni pomaliza: mwina, ukadaulo womanga udasweka. Izi zidapangitsa kuti kupatulidwa koyambitsa pansi padenga kumazimitsidwa kapena kutsekedwa, kotero palibe mpweya wabwino. Eni eni nyumba pakati pa nthawi yozizira sanachite chilichonse, koma kungodziwa zambiri. Chapakatikati, adayandikira pafupi ndi maluso a nyumbayo. Chilichonse chomwe mumafunikira chidakugulirani pongomaliza kumapeto kwa ameneyo, adabweranso, atagona pansi ndikusonkhana kuti anyowe. Hevdrug adapeza kuti pansi pawindo imagwera. Kuitana kwa nyumbayo kunamangidwa nyumba sikunapereke chifukwa chake, pambuyo pake katswiriyu adayitanidwanso. Anachita manyazi ndipo ananena kuti sikuchedwa kutchula akatswiri omwe angapulumutse mkhalidwewo. Chifukwa chake, pamene tidayamba kugunda chinthu pagulu la kampani, panali gulu la Montolith (Russia) antchito, kuyesera kudziwa zomwe zinachitika.
Pansi pa kutsutsa kulikonse. Zomwe tidawona sizigwirizana ndi ntchito yabwinoyi. Mkati mwa nyumbayo, mipata idachulukitsidwa pakati pa nduwira pakati pa malo oyandikana ndi denga, komanso kutalika konse kwa mpanda wa namwino. Makhoma onse awiriwa anali atatsala pang'ono kuluka mumsewu, monganso umboni wopingasa pakati pa pansi pa pansi pa malo oyamba ndi Plillanth (ya Plillanth) inali itasuntha kutali kwambiri ndi m'lifupi mwake. Paulo, mwachilengedwe, wopindika. Magawo amkati pafupifupi adatsala pang'ono kugwa, kuchokera pamenepa adawagwira iwo kulikonse komwe kutamizidwa. Kumasulidwa ku katundu, mitengo ina yolumikizidwa ndi Corkkycrew. Ogwira ntchito motsogozedwa ndi proga adaswa zigawo za Plasils ndi Plands, zomwe zimasokoneza chitseko cha khomo ndi makoma opunduka - mpaka mavuto atachitika mwachangu. Tidakonza kwambiri eni ake.
Mbali yaukadaulo ya nkhaniyi. Palibe chinsinsi chakuti shring ya mitengo yamatanda kuchokera ku zinthu zachilengedwe (zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhalapo 30-40%, pomwe kuchepetsa kuvomerezedwa ndi 25%) kumachitika pazifukwa ziwiri. Kuwuma koyamba ndi shrinkage kwa mitengo (kukula kwa izi ndi 5-8%, kutengera chinyezi choyambirira cha nkhuni). Mwachitsanzo, mulifupi mwake la 240mm (ndi mitengo yozungulira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamenepa) pomaliza shrinkage ikhoza kukhala ndi mainchesi a 220-230 mm. Mitengo yachiwiri pansi pa kulemera kwa katundu ndi kuwulula kwa ming'alu (shrinkage kumabwera ku 2%). Chifukwa chake, mtengo wonse wa shrinka ndi wofanana ndi 6-10%, ndiye kuti, poyambirira 3m mpaka kumapeto kwa njirayi, makoma nthawi zina amatsitsidwa ndi 1520 cm.
Tsopano zokhudza zisudzulo. Amakhulupirira kuti ndizokwanira mchaka choyamba pambuyo pomanga nyumbayo, komanso mtsogolo mwake kukula kwake kumatha kunyalanyazidwa. Monga momwe zimakhalira zikuwonetsa, izi sizomwe zimachitika kwambiri kunyumba yamitengo ya chinyezi cha zinthu zachilengedwe zimatha kukhala zaka 7-8. Madeti amangotengera momwe mtengo umadulidwa (nyengo yozizira kapena nkhuni zoyambira zotentha), ndipo kuchokera pachinyezi choyambirira)
Zotsatira zake kuti makoma amkati amawuma kwambiri kuposa chakunja (chifukwa chake mwachangu adapereka kwathunthu), adamasulira katundu wathunthu), adapangidwa ndi katundu wodetsedwa. Zotsatira zake ndi malo akuluakulu m'dera lakumwamba.
Nthawi zambiri zimavomerezedwa kuti patatha chaka chimodzi pambuyo pa ntchito yomanga bokosi, njira yotentha ndi mayanjano ena opatsirana, samalani kunja komanso mkati, pambuyo pake, pambuyo pake amasaina. Khalani ndi kumiza nyumba. Jusa ngati eni ake adayikapo nyumba, amalowa mphamvu zonse kuti nkhuni ziume mwachangu. Koma kodi zimachitika bwanji? Makoma amkati amawuma makamaka (kutentha kumawazungulira kumbali zonse), kunja kuli pambuyo pake (ndi kumwera kwa mafunde akumwera, kumpoto). Ili ndi kuyanika kuti musokoneze kapangidwe kake.
Izi zikuwonekera bwino m'nyumba yokhala ndi makoma a rafter, komwe khomalo, ntchentche, komanso gawo lalikulu la malo ophatikizikawo limapangidwa ndi otlinderring (ilo linali nyumba yomwe tidapitako). Kapangidwe kake kameneka ndi kosiyana ndi zinthu zopanda pake, ndipo apa pali makoma amkati komanso amkati ali okwera kwambiri kuposa chakunja (pamwamba khomalo, mtengo wake waukulu wa shrinkage). Ngati zokutira, zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa kumapeto kwake pakhoma, ndi mzere wachiwiri wa bar skiching, zimalumikizidwa molimbika komanso zina, zovuta sizimapewa. Pansi la pulasitiki liyamba kugwa. Malamulo a geometry adzagwira ntchito: Kugwetsa pamodzi ndi Skate SAR, kupumula pa Flacks ndi makoma amkati, miyendo yawo siyisintha) ndipo, kukhala yolumikizidwa ndi makhoma, kukoka iwo. Zotsatira zake, mitengo yako yakunja yasonkhanitsidwa pamakoma owuma (ali ndi zida zoyenda) zikhala kutalika konse kumisewu. Kutsatira njira yolowera padenga la padenga, adzagwada kwambiri. Zonsezi ndizowopsa kuposa kuti matayala ochulukirachulukira nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa ndi makoma amkati, amatambasulira zisa zawo m'makoma awo. Kutalika kwamiyendo yawo yothandizira pakhoma kumakhala kochepa kwambiri kwa kupita patsogolo kwa tsamba lolumikizira, kufinya kumatha kuwonongeka.
Zolemba zomwe zafotokozedwazo ndizotheka m'makomo okha ochokera kokha, komanso kuchokera kwa nthawi zambiri (wokondedwa), komanso osauma ndi chinyezi cha 18-20%, kuchokera ku bar yachilengedwe yachilengedwe (Tidapereka kuti madontholone ndi makoma amkati amakulungidwa kuchokera ku mndandanda). Palinso zochitika zina za chikhalidwe cha dongosolo la kusinthasintha (chowonadi, kulibe chisoni). Mafuta amatha kuthyola khoma kapena katemera, kapena kusweka, kenako ndikuphwanya.
Mkhalidwe wa Vanogic kugwiritsa ntchito ziweto zomwe sizimayambitsa zotsatirapo zoopsazi. Ngakhale ziweto zotere zitang'ambika kuchokera ku makoma kapena skate, pomwe makoma akunja satuluka "- sizingapatse mtengo wopingasa (wowopsa). Eya, opanga mapangidwe onse sakuwopsezedwa: monga akudziwika, mtengo wa shrinkation yaitali yomwe siyipereka, yotopetsa yokha.
Zikuoneka kuti mitengoyo inayamba kupita kumbali iliyonse ngakhale nthawi yomanga, yomwe imakakamiza zachisoni ndi malekezero a kabati wina. Mfundo yoti mitengo ipitiriretu, magetsi sanaganizepo konse ndipo anagona modekha pamapeto a mitengo ya electababele. Mozizwitsa chipika ichi sichinafaponse.
Momwe zinthu zinkapulumutsidwa. Chophimba cha milomo chidawululidwa, misomali ya dzimbiri idachotsedwa ndi kutalika kwa 250mm yolumikiza ma rafters, ndikuyika chinthu chosavuta cha minda yachitsulo (magawo ake onse ndi omwe amalimbana). Ndi shridage ina ya sheya, Hinge ikulolani kuti musinthe mawonekedwe a kulumikizana kwa mapazi a rafter m'dera la Skate, osachoka pamenepo. Pamodzi zolumikizidwa ndi khomalo zimakhazikitsa zinthu zoyenda. Itha kugwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe osiyanasiyana omwe amawonedwa kuti ndi makampani abwino, chifukwa chake sakonda kuwawonetsa. Koma palibe chinsinsi, kapena zovuta zapadera zoterezi. Mlandu wosavuta kwambiri ndi waya wowombera kuti "kukumbatirana" phazi lamoto kuchokera kumwamba ndikukopa ku crutch, yoyendetsedwa ndi khomalo lopanda linga ndi korona awiri omwe ali ndi korona awiri. Zosiyanasiyana zochulukirapo ndi kuphatikiza kwa bulaketi ndi mbedza (zinthu zonse ziwiri zimapangidwa ndi zitsulo zosachepera 4mm): Bracket idayikidwa mu gawo lolumikizirana lam'mwamba ndipo ophatikizidwa ndi korona wapamwamba.
Pambuyo pokhazikitsa zinthu zotsekemera, ngodya zidachotsedwa, miyendo yolimba kwambiri ndi korona wapamwamba. Kapangidwe kake kake "kusiya", nthawi yomweyo anakhala pansi pa kulemera kwake. Zotsatira za miyendo ya Trim zatuluka pafupifupi masentimita 5. Makoma akunja nthawi yomweyo anayamba kuwongola. Njirayi idabweretsedwa kumapeto ndi chingwe chachitsulo ndi Winch wamphamvu.
Kuphatikiza apo, monga akunenera, nkhani ya ukadaulo: Kusungunuka kumene kunakomedwa, adabwezeretsa chinyezi komanso chotchinga chotchinga ndi padenga m'khola. Malo oyambira adapanga dzenje lotulutsa mpweya kuchokera kumphepete mwa mpweya wabwino, womwe udalibe (zomwe kuphwanya zidachitikira ku chipangizo cha khranzazor, tinena pang'ono pambuyo pake).
Kukhazikitsa kwa mawindo sikufanana ndi GOS 30971-2002, kuwongolera nkhaniyi, kulibe. Kodi pali zida zitatu ziti zitatu zochokera kunja zakunja, chikho cha chithovu ndi chotchinga mkati! Mabokosi awindo amaumbidwa (a), mipata imayikidwa ndi matabwa (b) ndikutseka machesi (b). Komanso, nawonso adagawira nyumba.
Pamalo ano, tiphwanya nkhani yathu yokhudza chinthu choyamba ndipo timuuza wowerenga, yemwe anali nyumba yachiwiri (kuti izi zitha kukhala bwino).
Lingaliro la katswiri
Nthawi zingati? Omwe adaganiza zomanga nyumba yamatabwa ayenera kumalizidwa ndi lingaliro loti kukonza pambuyo pake sikupewedwa. Ming'alu idzawonekera mulimonsemo, funso limangokhala ndi kuchuluka kwake.
Zokumana nazo za kampani yathu zikuwonetsa kuti nyumbayo iyenera kugwidwa katatu. Choyamba, pomanga, pomwe sealant ikayikidwa mu misozi yolumikizirana ndikulumikiza makapu. Lachiwiri ndi pambuyo pa shrazage yayikulu (pambuyo pa 1-2, nthawi zina zaka zitatu). Chachitatu, chomaliza, - patatha zaka zisanu. Lachiwiri ndi lachitatu liyenera kukhala likulu pomwe ziwonetserozo zidawonekera. Koma ndizosatheka kulola kuti izi zizipangitsa kuti ikweze kukweza chifukwa chowonjezeka. Ndikwabwino kukwaniritsa zowonjezera pogwiritsa ntchito zida monga chesna flax kapena res moss.
Kodi 'youma' bwanji nyumbayo? Nyumba yomwe imapangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zachilengedwe zimayenera kukhala pang'onopang'ono pobweretsa chizolowezi. Mapulogalamu a chaka choyamba ayenera kuchitika zouma zachilengedwe. Chaka chotsatira, mutha kuyatsa matiwoni, koma modekha mode kuti kutentha mu zipinda ndi 5-8C. Ndi mawonekedwe awa, Mtengowo umawuma pang'onopang'ono komanso motalika. Iyo ndiyabwino - zochepa idzasandulika kapangidwe kake ndi kuchuluka kwa ming'alu mumitengo. Ndikosatheka kukhala mnyumba mofananamo, motero ndikofunikira kuvomera pasadakhale ndi zakuti muli zaka ziwiri mmenemo.
Vuto la madenga ovuta. Ngakhale kapangidwe kanu kamene kamakhala pa nyumba yayikulu osakwanira. Dengali ndi gawo la anayi kapena, monga tsopano lili ndi mafashoni, mawonekedwe ovuta ambiri, ndiye kuti machitidwe ake a shrinka, ndiye kuti machitidwe ake a shrinka amakhala osayembekezeka. Denga lotereli nthawi zambiri siliyenera kukhazikitsa nyumbayo osachepera 1-1.5 zaka, bola ngati shraider yayikulu imachitika, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokutidwa kwakanthawi (monga momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito, Trewle pambuyo pa izi, kupenda bwino dongosolo la mitengo, mutha kuyikapo zinthu zongodetsedwa.
Vyachev Kuletlav, Director of the Company "Monolith"
Chinthu chachiwiri
Nyumbayi imapangidwa kuchokera ku chinyezi chachilengedwe ndipo limapezeka mgulu la nyumba ya Moscow. Chinthu chomwe chidalowa mu gawo la nyumbayo: pali makhoma ndi madenga, koma mulibe mazenera ndi zitseko, kumapeto kwake komanso chakunja sikuchitidwa. Pakadali pano, mwiniwakeyo adaganiza zonena zabwino kwa omanga akale, ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito yolangiza kampani ina. Kuti muone mtundu wa ntchito yomwe inachitidwa kale, ndipo katswiriyo amatchedwa.Chinthu choyamba chomwe tinapeza, kulowa mnyumbamo, - ng'oma pamakoma ndi fungo linalake. Zinapezeka kuti zenizeni zisanafike, omangawo adayamba kuchepetsa makhoma mothandizidwa ndi bulichi yomwe ili ndi bulichi ya chlorine (Iye anali gwero la fungo). Koma chifukwa chiyani?
Mwinanso, kukonza ma antiseptic kwa mitengoyo, komwe nyumbayo imasonkhanitsidwa, zisanachitike izi zisanachitike (kuphwanya zofunikira za Snap "Matabwa"). Zotsatira zake, mfundo zamdima zambiri zimawonekera pamtengowo, zomwe zinayesa kuchotsa omanga. Pamaso, zimakhala zotheka kuchita izi, koma m'malo olumikizana, kumapeto kwa mitengoyo, komanso komwe makoma amalumikizidwa ndi mfundo yoti mbali zakumwamba za mitengoyo zidaphimbidwa kale zotchinga zotchinga).
Kodi mawonekedwe oyenera kuchitika liti kuti mtengowo ukhale ndi kachilombo ndikuwola? Koyamba nkhuni zimachitidwa ngakhale mufakitale kapena isanakwane, popeza siyikuthirapo inshuwaransi iyi. Nthawi yachiwiri posungira mitengo pa chiwembucho. Nthawi yomweyo, ayenera kuyikidwa mu stack pamakaketi, apo ayi mtengowo sudzakhazikika. Mzere wachitatu woletsa upangiri umachitika pomwe nyumba isonkhana ndikuphimba padenga. Malo ndi malowa, mwayi wokhala osatheka, okonzedwa mu msonkhano.
Tsopano timalankhula za munthu aliyense, taganizirani zolakwika zomwe zimapangidwa ndi zomangamanga.
Maulalo a polojekiti
Vuto loyenerera n 1- Palibe mpweya wabwino. Pochita izi, chipinda chapamwamba cha kutalika konse kwa ntchito yoyeserera sikokwezeka. Kupanga kwakukulu kudula kwa malo a intralic adenga. Chifukwa chake, woyang'anira nyumbayo pali mini-youkira 3-3.5 m'lifupi komanso kutalika kwa 1-1,5m. Vuto ndilokhalo chabe kuti polojekitiyi imayiwalika kuti iyike chipangizo cha mpweya wake. Kwa zaka 2-3, chinyontho chopeputsa malo ake pamlengalenga chidzaphimba rafter ndi konk kuvunda ... kuti apangitse mabowo a chimphepo chamtsogolo ndikuwaphimba ndi zokongoletsera. Ndikofunikanso kudula zenera lowunikira: ndiye kuti kuthekera kowongolera mkhalidwe wa gawo la rafter mu asitikali awonekere.
Cholakwika n 2- Kusowa kwa mabowo ndi mabowo otulutsa mpweya. Iyenera kuuka padenga lokhazikika padenga limodzi kapena awiri onyamula chisanu, likubwera ndi chinyezi chobwera chifukwa cha malo osokoneza bongo. Nthawi yomweyo, kudzera mwa vemboner angakonzedwe m'malamulo onse, koma palibe phindu lake: Pa ntchito ya kuzama kwa denga la nyumbayo, palibe ming'alu yomaliza ya padenga. Pakapita nthawi, chinthu chomwecho chidzachitika ngati chapadera osasinthika: Doom the Deseom uziwola, ndi kwa neutropyl ndi kavalo. Ichi chinali chinthu choyamba: pomwe pamodzi mwa otsetsereka a ittic, trim wamkati ndi chitumbuwa "(nthochi) (Vaporizolation, chinyezi, chinyezi, chimapezeka pansi pa khola la zaka 3. Ngati kugonjetsedwa ndi kolimba, padenga ndilotasintha. Koma ndibwino kuti musabweretse vuto lotere ndikufunikira pa siteji yomanga kapena kuvomereza nyumbayo kuti ikhazikitse ma grilles otambalala. Ngakhale zowona zopepuka, sinthaninso, zindikirani, mwachitsanzo, kugwedezeka.
Zachidziwikire, pano si zolakwitsa zonse zomwe zimapangidwa, zokha zokha za nyumba zonse zomwe zimaganiziridwa komanso zofunikira kwambiri. Pewani Iwo ndi zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, pachinthu chachiwiri m'magawo awiri olimbikitsa amkati, makomo pakufunsidwa kwa omwe akuwatsogolera akuwonjezera kwambiri kuti aphatikize malo. Zowona, nthawi yomweyo dulani nduwira zapamwamba, zomwe ziyenera "kukoka" makhoma. "Malingaliro" adzabwezeretsa. Kumeneko, tinawona khonde lomwe lili ndi mawonekedwe a mbali yonseyi, mitengo ya pansi pomwe idakhazikitsidwa mbali imodzi pakhoma, mbali inayo, pa chipika, chomwe chimakhala pa kutonthoza. Pamodzi, mitengo yamitengo itafooka, ndipo patapita nthawi ikubwera. Komabe, pa chipika chofooka chimakhala chachiwiri, chonsecho, osachita nawo kapangidwe kake. Pofuna kupewa mavuto, ndibwino kukokera ndi ma balts m'munsi.
Chifukwa chiyani kuwoneka malo otsetsereka?
M'koma nthawi zambiri kumadzuka mipata pakati pa korona. Zifukwa zomwe mawonekedwe awo ali angapo.
Oyamba Kugwedeza mitengo pa olimba mtima. Akatswiri amalangiza kuti atole mitengoyo pokhapokha ndi thandizo lamitengo yamatabwa, koma ayi, siatha (zongothana), zomwe sizingagwiritse ntchito mitengo ya chipikacho. Mabowo pansi pamisasa amafunika kubowoleza molunjika. Brazirs ya aliyense yamatabwa iyenera kukhala yozungulira, ndi lalikulu: amakhala ndi malo osagwirizana ndi bowo lomwe lili ndi chipikacho (chifukwa chake, gulu laling'ono loletsa kupewa shrinkage). Ndikofunikira kukhala nawo mu checkerboard mu kutalika kwa khoma pamtunda wopitilira 1.5 m wina ndi mnzake. Babe yolumikizidwa ndi mitengo yamatabwa yopunthira.
Kwa opirira, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zolimba kuposa chipika, zinthu: mwachitsanzo, mitengoyo ndiini, ndiye kuti ndi otentha. Chinyezi chawo chimayenera kukhala chofanana ndi chinyezi cha nkhuni, - pakuwuma, nthawi imodzi nthawi imodzi ndi chidendene, ndi bowo.
Chifukwa chachiwiri- Katundu wosakwanira pa mitengoyo. Makamaka mipata imawoneka pakati pa mitengo yakutsogolo, yomwe imafotokozedwa: pamwambapa (ngati sichikhala chaluso). Kodi Mungakhale Bwanji?
Mapulogalamuwo, omwe madambowo adapindidwa, akhoza kukhala "otayira" pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera zokhala ndi mavasi am'madzi a injini zam'madzi. Amakhala ndi chofewa chomwe chikuyenda pamasupe ndi awiri. Ikani "Ma Valveveveveveves" pasadakhale pamwamba pamalekezero onse omasuka. Okakamizidwa mukakhazikitsa kasupe wa chipangizocho munthawi zonse akanitse chipika cholowera pansi, kuchepetsa mwayi wa mawonekedwe a kusiyana. Tsatanetsatane wa "Valave" iyenera kupangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kapena cholongala.
Chifukwa Chachitatu Mitengo yomwa. Ndizovuta chifukwa cha nkhuni zotchedwa izi, ndikungoyikidwa, zopotoka za ulusi wake pa helix. Kukula kwa kupindika uku kumadalira pamalo pomwe mtengowo umakhala m'nkhalango kapena m'mphepete. Pa chifukwa choyamba, kuwoneka kwa mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, mwachiwiri. Pakuyanika, makamaka chifukwa chophatikizira dongosolo la kutentha, mitengo yamitengo ikuluikulu, makamaka yodzaza ndi osamangidwa, iyamba kutuluka. Kenako, ku dzanja limodzi, makoma a mipata pakati pa korona amathanso kutha, koma mbali inayo imatha kukula kwambiri. Sizingatheke kukonza malo opindika. Kutulutsa munthu mosamala kuloza mipata. Inde, seams yolumikizira siyikhala yocheperako pamenepa, koma mawonekedwe a khoma lidzakhala bwino.
Chifukwa Chachinayi Sanathe kugwiritsa ntchito kusintha kwa ma Jacks - olipiritsa. Njira izi zidayikidwa pazinthu zolumikizira zomwe zimathandizira kuti zikhale zolimbitsa thupi nyumba. Ndizosavuta komanso zosavuta: zopotoza nati pa chipangizocho- ndipo malo omwe atchulidwa adasungunuka kutalika ndi ukulu wofanana ndi khoma la log. Nthawi zambiri amayendetsa ngongoleyo ndiyofunikira mu zaka zitatu zoyambirira (nthawi yayitali). Aviobacpe, monga momwe apelo amasonyezera, ziyenera kuchita kwa zaka 5-8. Kwa mtengo wogwirizira nthawi yonseyi nthawi yonseyi, iyenera kupangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kapena kukhala ndi ziwalo zolimbana.
Kuyesayesa kuyeretsa kudula ndi bulichi kumangokhala mbali imodzi mwa malo osavuta, malo akuda adasowa, ndiye malo otsekedwa ndi vabor hubration (a), pa zolumikizira (B) ndi Mapeto a mitengo (b) adatsalira.
Mavuto Okhazikitsa Windows
Pofuna makoma kunyumba, makoma sachotsa zenera ndi mabokosi a khomo, phwando awiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Woyamba: m'mapeto a mitengoyo poyang'ana zenera (ndipo chitseko) chotsegulira, amapanga poyambira ndi mtanda wa 5050m, womwe umatchedwa kuti wopusa. Amaletsa bushing ya mitengoyo, ndipo ndi kwa iye kuti pawindo chimapangidwa. Njira yachiwiriyi ndi yovuta kwambiri: Pamapeto a mitengoyo adula spike lalitali, yomwe imavalidwa ndi mitengo (tsango) ndi poyambira yolingana. Pamwamba pa bokosi ndi kupukutira kumasiya kusiyana komwe kumapitilira phindu la oseketsa, ndikuyika zotchinga.Zenera kapena chitseko chimayenera kulumikizidwa ndi nsanja (chokha) ndi misomali kapena zomata zodzitchinjiriza, kutalika kwake komwe sikupitilira kukula kwa chimango komanso kusamalira).
Khalani osamala!
Mwinanso, mwamvetsetsa kale kuti kumanga nyumba yamitundu yolimba ngakhale ku zinthu zosavuta pankhani ya zinthu, monga chivundi chachilengedwe, ndikofunika kudalira katswiri. Pakumanga, amagwiritsa ntchito njira zaukadaulo zomwe zafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane, komanso zomwe akudziwa. Kumbukirani kuti zonse zomwe zatchulidwazi zomwe zimawoneka ngati zophweka komanso zambiri zomwe zingawonjezere kuchuluka kwa ntchito yomanga. Komabe, ndikofunikira kupita, osakumana ndi mavuto ambiri, ndipo koposa zonse, ndi ndalama zowonjezera.
Lingaliro la katswiri
Pa zovomerezeka. Kunyumba "Nyumba Yokhala Pampando" Pali malo osakakezo: "Pofunsidwa ndi wopanga mu kapangidwe kanyumba, pasipoti yamphamvu yamphamvu iyenera kuperekedwa komanso malangizo a nyumba ... malangizo ... Ayenera kukhala ndi zomwe zimafunikira kuti mwininyumbayo atsimikizire kuti atetezedwe. Mu chiwerengero cha chidziwitso cha mapangidwe apamwamba, makina obisika a ma nering komanso Malire ofunikira a katundu pazinthu za nyumba ndi ma ekiji. "
Vomerezani, chinthucho ndichabwino. Ndizomvetsa chisoni kuti mfundo yabwinoyi pafupifupi palibe amene amachita. Amethdu, malangizo ngati amenewo angathandize eni chinthu choyamba m'nkhani yoyamba yomwe simunafotokozeredwe m'nkhaniyo kuchokera ku opanga, kupewa mavuto ambiri. Osachepera angadziwe ntchito yomwe mafelemu ayenera kuchitikira ndi nthawi yanji, ndipo patapita nthawi akukumbutsidwa omanga izi.
Kuti musunthire ogwira ntchito omanga omanga, ntchito zofunika zimatha kuphatikiza gawo loyenerera mu gawo la "chitsimikizo" gawo la mgwirizano linamaliza pakati pa kasitomala ndi kontrakitala. Ngati izi sizinachitike munthawi yake, ndiye kuti mgwirizano wowonjezera uyenera kulembedwa ndi mgwirizano womwe watchulidwa.
Kufalitsa kumatsimikizira. Malinga ndi lamulo la Russian Federation "pa chitetezo cha ufulu wa ogula" atagwira ntchito yomanga, kontrakitalayo ayenera kupatsa mwininyumbayo chitsimikizo cha nyumba yomangidwa, yomwe ikuyenera kuwonetsedwa mu mgwirizano womwe watchulidwa pamwambapa. Kodi liyenera kukhala liyenera kukhala liti la chitsimikizochi?
Zaluso. 29 (mas. 3, 6) Mwa lamuloli - "ufulu wa ogula mukazindikira zolakwa za ntchito yomwe yachitika (ntchito yomwe ili ndi ufulu wopanga ... mkati ... mkati ... mkati ... mkati ... mkati ... mkati ... mkati ... mkati ... mkati ... mkati ... Zaka zisanu Ponena za zophophonya zolakwitsa ndi nyumba zina.
... Ngati izi sizikukhutitsidwa kwa masiku makumi awiri kuchokera tsiku lomwe likuwonetsedwa kapena kusankhidwa kwake sikunachitike, kutanthauza kuti mwakonzanso (kutanthauza kuchepetsetsa mtengo wa ntchito yochitidwa (yoperekedwa); Kubwezeretsanso ndalama zomwe zimawapangitsa kuti athetse zolakwa za ntchito yomwe yachitika (ntchito yoperekedwa) pagulu lawo kapena lachitatu. "
Sergey Zelensky, Woyang'anira Kampani
"Kupenda pawokha pa Ntchito Zomanga"
Okonzanso amathokoza abstroy, monolith ndi "kuyang'aniridwa modziimira pawokha pa zomanga" zothandizira kukonza nkhaniyo.
Kuwerengera kokulirapo kwa mtengo * kumangirirani nyumba ndi malo okwanira 99.4m2, ofanana ndi omwe aperekedwa
| Dzina la Ntchito | Chiwerengero cha | Mtengo, pakani. | Mtengo, pakani. |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ntchito Zakhazikitsidwa | |||
| Matanda, chitukuko ndi chovala | 108m2 | 107. | 11 556. |
| Dump Reflvations | 28M. | 520. | 14 560. |
| Chipangizo cha maziko a ritiboti adalimbikitsa konkriti | 13,5m3 | 1800. | 2400. |
| Chipangizo chosungira makoma kuchokera ku mabatani a konkriti (maziko) | 6.5m3 | 900. | 5850. |
| Zopingasa zakumbuyo | 18M2 | 45. | 810. |
| Zonse | 57080. | ||
| Zogwiritsidwa ntchito pagawo | |||
| Konkriti | 144 | 3100. | 43 400. |
| Block simenti 400200200mmm | 450 ma PC. | 45. | 200. |
| Makoma One | 1,7M3 | 1490. | 2533. |
| Hydrosteclozol, tuminguous mastic | 18M2 | - | 940. |
| Zitchi, zopanga ziphato ndi zina | konza | - | 25 420. |
| Zonse | 92540. | ||
| Makoma, magawo, onjezerani, padenga | |||
| Ntchito yokonzekera, kukhazikitsa ndi kusokoneza kwa scaffold | konza | - | 11 000 |
| Kudula makoma ndi magawo kuchokera ku mitengo | 48,5m3 | 2700. | 130 950. |
| Kusonkhanitsa mafilimu ndi mitengo yogona, ndi pansi | 67,2M2 | 382. | 25 670. |
| Kelemrace | konza | 10 010. | |
| Kusonkhanitsa zinthu zogona ndi chida | 128m2 | 319. | 4032. |
| Kupatula kwa makoma, ochulukitsa ndi zokutira | 244 | 280. | 6720. |
| Hydro, Chida cha Vorizolaty | 195m2. | 76,3 | 14 879. |
| Chida chofewa chofewa | 128m2 | 240. | 3020. |
| Kudzaza mawindo ndi chitseko | 14M. | - | 33 490. |
| Chipangizo pansi, denga, kumaliza ndi ntchito ina | - | - | 203 590. |
| Njira Zoyeserera Zokonzedwa | 1740m2. | makumi atatu | 200. |
| Zonse | 560060. | ||
| Zogwiritsidwa ntchito pagawo | |||
| LAMBTIRA | 48,5m3 | 6000. | 291,000 |
| Sawn matabwa | 18M3. | 4200. | 75 600. |
| Paro-, mphepo-, mafilimu a hydraulic | 195m2. | - | 13 964. |
| Ubweya wamchere | 244 | - | 49 600. |
| Mabotolo a Poland | 6.1m3 | - | 60 690. |
| Kutulutsa, mseru, kumangana | konza | - | 36 035. |
| Padenga lokhala ndi "Pamwamba" ndi zinthu zokongoletsera | 128m2 | 460. | 88 880. |
| Zenera ndi khomo | 14M. | - | 101 510 |
| Nyimbo zoteteza khosi | 867kg | 36. | 312. |
| Kutsiriza ndi zinthu zina | konza | - | 202 390. |
| Zonse | 920880. | ||
| * -Chontacts yomalizidwa popanda kuyankhulana pamutu, kunyamula ndi ndalama zina |