Ndalama Zosachedwa: Kutchulidwa zakale, ndemanga pa malamulo, mitundu ndi miyeso ndi njira zopangira ma py, ntchito zolipira, njira zopangira thumba la thumba la Fund.
Tiyerekeze kuti mulibe ndalama zowonjezera, koma zaulere zomwe sizigwiritsidwa ntchito pano. Kenako mumakhala ogulitsa. Zowona, kuti mumvetsetse bwino za nkhaniyi ndikumva bwino, ndikofunikira kusankha komwe likulu lanu litafufuzidwa
Komwe mungaike ndalama?
Ngati mungaganize zogulira zotetezedwa, muyenera kupanga chisankho pazomwe zimapangidwazo, komanso nthawi zolipiritsa ndalama. Mwa izi zikufunika kulipira kuti akaunti yogulitsa iChimer, zomaliza ndi mwayi wogulitsa. Ngakhale kuti padera ndalama sizikhala zazikulu (Commission of the Offs ndi 0,05% ya malonda, mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito malonda - 1-1.2,000. Kuuziridwa), mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zochepa. Kuphatikiza apo, masewerawa omwe ali pamtolo amafunikira chidziwitso chapadera ndipo ndi chinthu chowopsa.Kufotokozera mwachidule anati, tikuwona kuti kayendetsedwe kathu koyima paukulu kumakhala ndi zabwino zambiri. Pakati pawo ndi kuwongolera zoopsa ndi kuperewera kwa ndalama, komanso kuthekera kwa magawo a ndalama zopangidwa ndi ndalama zokwanira nthawi iliyonse. Komabe, wogulitsa pawokha pamafunika maluso apadera ndi chidziwitso kuti, mwatsoka, sizikhala nazo zambiri. Zovuta zambiri zokhala ndi ndalama zambiri ndizogula gawo mu gawo la ndalama (pee) kapena kugulitsa ndalama zonse ku Banks (kuchokera) ndalama.
Ndalama zambiri zoyendetsera mabanki komanso ndalama zofananira ndizofanana, koma kugulitsa payekha ndi pepala lofunika ndi pepala lofunika, ndipo ofesi ya Cant siyabwino. Zotsatira zake ndi mwayi wotsegulira maudindo operewera - kusewera pang'ono ndikupeza pamsika womwe umagwera m'mawu otetezeka. Nthawi yomweyo, ndalama za ofesi ili ku akaunti yapadera ku Central Bank of Chingwe cha Russia ndipo sichinachitike mu pepala la banki (chifukwa chake musaphatikizidwe mu mpikisano womwe mwakhala mukupikisana ndi kuchuluka kwake, chifukwa chake, adzabwezedwanso kwa ogawana), pomwe ndalama zam'manja zimagona wamba maakaunti a kubanki.
Palinso njira yolumikizirana pakati pa kuwongolera pawokha ndi ndalama mu Thumba la Pulogalamu - kusamutsa ndalama ku kasamalidwe ka munthu kamsungidwe kapena kampani. Njira yolipirira idzakhala yosangalatsa kwa iwo omwe ali ndi chidziwitso choyambirira kapena chomveka chapadera pankhani yamisika yazachuma ndikumvetsetsa zachuma, koma alibe nthawi yokwanira yodzisamalira. Chiwopsezo cha kutayika ndi ndalama zokhala ndi malire (mu mgwirizano womwe mungaphatikizepo zomwe zingachitike pakubwezera ndalama zomwe zawonongeka, kapena kulembetsa kuchuluka kwa zotayika, pofikira mgwirizano womwe wathera). Ndalama zopindulitsa zimatengera kuyenerera kwa manejala. Kenako, tikambirana momwe timagwiritsira ntchito ndalama zogulira ndalama zothandizira ndikuyesayesa kuwunika chiyembekezo cha ndalama zomwe zingagulitsidwe.
Nkhope ya
Malinga ndi lamulo la Federal "Pakunja Ndalama Zapamwamba", malo osungira ndalama ndi "malo olekanitsidwa, omwe amapanga ndalama zomwe amasamutsidwa ku kampani yoyeserera ndi yoyesererayo ndi mgwirizano. Mwa malowa ndi katundu wa madipatimenti ena achinsinsi, ndipo kuchokera ku malo omwe amapezeka kuti azolowere poyang'anira, gawo la umwini womwe umatsimikiziridwa ndi pepala lofunikira lomwe limaperekedwa ndi kampani yoyang'anira.
MFUNDO YOCHIPA YA PANGANO LOPHUNZITSIRA NDIPONSO KUGWIRITSA NTCHITO ZINAZIKITSA ZOSAVUTA KWAMBIRI POPANDA ZINSINSI (kapena katundu) oyang'anira akatswiri. Ndalama zomwe zimagulitsa ndalama zimayendetsedwa ndi mbiri imodzi, pomwe iliyonse yaiwo imakhala ndi ndalama zake. Ulemu wa banki sukwaniritsa ntchito zina zilizonse, kupatula kuyika ndalama zomwe zalandilidwa kwa ogawana nawo. Nthawi yopuma yomwe ndalama za paud zimapangidwa zaka 15.
FIP ndi mbiri ya ndalama ndipo, chifukwa chake, osamangirizidwa kumalo ena ndipo amatha kuchita gawo lonse la boma lonse. Maziko amagwira ntchito mothandizidwa ndi kampani yoyang'anira (code), yomwe iyenera kulembedwa monga bungwe lalamulo m'dera linalake ndipo limakhala ndi maofesi oyimilira oyimilira. Imawongolera zochitika za nambala yachifwamba yosungirako.
Mtengo wa gawo si mtengo wokhazikika. Zimatsimikizika pogawa mtengo wa zinthu za ukonde wamaziko a kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa ndalama. Mutha kudziwa kufunika kwa gawoli muofesi kapena patsamba la tsamba la mamalonda, m'mafashoni osindikizidwa. Kupindula kwa thumba m'mbuyomu sikungakhale chitsimikizo cha kupeza ndalama zamtsogolo
Kuchokera m'mbiri ya Kugulitsa Kwambiri
Thumba loyamba la ndalama lidakhazikitsidwa mu August 1822. Ku Belgium, ndiye kuti ndalamazo zidawonekera ku Switzerland ndi France. Koma misa mu xix. Kugwirira ntchito mogwirizana sikunachitike. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la makumi awiri Chiwerengero cha ogulitsa patokha chinayamba kukula, chomwe chinayambitsa mapangidwe a kampani yoyamba yofunsira. Zinalengedwa ku United States ndipo zidanenedwa kuti amathandizira kuti kampani isankhe inayake, yomwe ndibwino kuti isungidwe ndalama zawo. Ndalama zomwe zakhala zikuchitika pokhapokha nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse itatha, pang'onopang'ono kudzakhala opikisana nawo a mabanki.Ndalama zikuluzikulu, kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zogulitsa zinayamba kuwonekera pakati pa 90s. Kuphatikiza apo, iwo amene adalengedwa asanakhale "Black Lachiwiri" la Ogasiti 1998, lidagwedezeka mosamala komanso zida zandale ndipo zilipo mpaka pano. Chidwi cha Pyfa chikupitilizabe kukula pamodzi ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito pa Paev: Malinga ndi likulu la National of abwanamkubwa, pakadali pano pali zopitilira 300 ku Russia.
Mtanthauzira Mtanthauzira
PYFT OGER Bungwe lalamulo lomwe limachitapo kanthu poika maphunziro a Fund. Imafotokoza mogwirizana ndi mgwirizano wa malangizo omwe anamaliza ndi kampani yoyang'anira, mphamvu ya loya ndi malamulo a thumba la ndalama.
Mwini wake Munthu wakuthupi kapena walamulo potengera omwe eni ake a eni timatambalira enieni omwe adalembapo ndalama zomwe zili nazo.
Kuwomboledwa kwa zolipiritsa Kugulitsa ndi mwiniwake wa gawo la ndalamazo m'njira zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi malamulo a fifi.
Kulipira ndalama Chitetezo Chachinsinsi Chotsimikizira Ufulu wa mwini wake amafuna kampani yoyang'anira kuti iwombole ndalama zomwe mwapeza molingana ndi malamulo a Fund.
Wowenda Munthu amene wakwaniritsa mogwirizana ndi malamulo a thumba kuti alipire phindu lomwe lapeza. Kupeza ndalamayo kumalowa mu Register ya eni omwe ali ndi ndalama.
Kutha kwa Pyfa- Njira yogwiritsira ntchito zokhudzana ndi kutha kwa zochitika za thumba ndikukonzekera kugawa kwa malowa pakati pa obwereketsa ndi eni malo omwe ali ndi ndalama komanso malamulo apano.
Zowonjezera pamtengo wa gawo limodzi Kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zimalipira mukapeza phindu lopeza ndalama kuwonjezera pa mtengo wa gawo, monga kuchotsera kwa munthu amene akuvomereza kugula.
Kuyendera Ndalama (Wachisanu) - Katunduyo popanda kulengedwa kwa bungwe lalamulo, malo omwe amatenga kampani yoyang'anira.
Kuyika ndalama Kupeza ndalama za thumba la thumba momwe malamulo ake amagwirira ntchito.
Kulembetsa kwa ogulitsa ndalama za thumba Dongosolo la mbiriyo, chiwerengero chonse cha dossess ndi chogula, eni malo a malo, zolemba, zomwe ndi maziko a maziko.
Kuchotsera kwa mtengo wa ntchito imodzi Kuchuluka kwachuma komwe kumachitika kuchokera ku ndalama chifukwa cha ndalamayo powombolera ndowe, monga kubwezeretsa kwa munthu amene akuvomereza kuti awomboledwe.
Mafati okhala ndi amoyo Bungwe lalamulo, chifukwa cha layisensi, kuwongolera kuwerengera ndalama za akauntiyo, kuwerengetsa ndalama za chumacho, kuwongolera ndalamazo, kuwongolera ndi kusungitsa chitetezo wa thumba.
Mtengo wa gawo Mtengo wotsimikiza ndi kugawa mtengo wa zinthu zodetsa maziko a ziwerengero zomwe zimayambitsa ndalama.
Mtengo wa NET ya NET (Nav) - Mtengo wotsimikizika mwa kuchotsa mtengo wa zovuta za thumba kuchokera pamtengo wa katundu wake.
Makampani oyang'anira- Chilolezo chovomerezeka kuti achite zinthu zothandizira kudalirika kwa malo ogulitsa ndalama.
Mtengo wa chiwombolo cha gawo limodzi Kutsimikiza ngati mtengo wa gawo limodzi la ndalama, kuchepetsedwa kukula kwa kuchotsera kwa malamulo a Fund.
Mitundu ya maziko
Pali mitundu itatu ya zotsatira zolumikizana: Tsegulani, nthawi yotseka. Pit Yotsegulidwa imatha kugulidwa kapena kugulitsa kampani yoyang'anira tsiku lililonse, nthawi yayitali (mtundu wapadera wa thumba lotseguka) - nthawi inayake (nthawi zina).
Chiwerengero cha ogawana nawo thumba lotseguka lingakulitse kapena kuchepa, ndipo sichofunikira kuti muthe kusintha kwa ogawana nawo. Tsegulani Full Fundrs atumizidwa ku zinthu zambiri zamadzimadzi. Mavuto otseguka amaphatikizapo "dziko lonse lapansi", "King", "Chova", "trog", nukitich "; Kwa chiwerengero cha nthawi yayitali- "Lukoil Full The" ndi "Lukoil Fundright of Inshuwaransi."
Chiwerengero cha magawo omwe ali mu thumba lotsekedwa kuli ndi malire, kotero kulengedwa ndi kumasula magawo kapena dipo la Paev nthawi zambiri kumafuna kuvomerezedwa ndi ogawana nawo. Pais ya thumba lotsekedwa amapangidwira ku kampani yoyang'anira pambuyo poti ithe ntchito kuwongolera kovomerezeka. Cash adayikamo malo ogulitsa nyumba, ngongole zanyumba, ntchito zothandizira zili m'malo otsika. Zindikirani kuti mu pifas yotsekedwa yokha yolipira ndalama zapakati.
Kuphatikiza apo, zovuta zomwe zingasokonezedwe zitha kugawidwa m'magulu ogwiritsira ntchito ndalama: Ndalama zama stock, ndalama zosakanikirana, ndalama zanyumba, ndalama zothandizira ndalama zogulitsa. Kampani yoyang'anira ndi kuwongolera madambo imayenera kuwonetsa mawonekedwe ndi mtundu wa thumba.
Ntchito zisanu
Maziko a kulumikizana kwa wogawana, firiji ndi kampani yoyang'anira ndi mgwirizano wosamalira. Malinga ndi iye, oyambitsa ndalama amapereka ndalama ku manejala wokhulupirira ndalama zomwe zimapangidwa kuchokera kumanda a gulu la ogawana nawo. M'malo mwake, zochitika za wachisanu ndizothandizidwa ndi mabungwe angapo: Uyu ndiye kampani yoyang'anira (ndalama zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndalama) zikhale zowerengera ndalama zomwe zili ndi ndalama zowerengera), amalemba akaunti umwini wa pasi), mafinya pamaziko a mundawo), thumba la Colounger (kuwunika katundu wa chinsinsi cha thumba lokhalapo), komanso othandizira thumba (tengani Kulandila mapulogalamu pogula, kusinthana kapena kubweza kwa Paev).Chiwopsezo chakuti thunthu la Tsamba lidzatha kukhalapo ndipo limakana kulipira, chifukwa ntchito zomwe ndalamazo zikuwongolera boma, onse otenga nawo mbali amalandiridwa ndi FSFR. Ngakhale thumba liphulika, ogulitsa adzalipira chindapusa molingana ndi gawo lonse la thumba la thumba
Sanjani ndalama zolipiritsa poika zigawo zawo za ndalama m'mabanki, kutembenuka ku zotetezeka, kugula kugulitsa malo. Chiwerengero chomwe chimalandira gawo la ndalama zomwe zimakhala ndi ndalama zambiri zimakhala ndi ntchito komanso zolipiritsa, komanso kuyambira pamtengo wotetezedwa ndi ndalama za thumba. Njira yopezera ndalama zolipirira ndalama zomwe zikugulitsidwa ndikulamulidwa ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa Federal Misika yazachuma (FSFR): Imavomereza ntchito za ma pics ndikukhazikitsa zofunikira kuti zikonzere zochita zawo.
Kutumiza kwa kampani yoyang'anira, malo odziwika, olembetsa, wolembetsa komanso wowerengerayo amalipira chifukwa cha ndalamayo. Nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwa kubweza sikuyenera kupitirira 10% ya mtengo wapamwamba wa ndalama zathengo.
Kuthana ndi kuthetsa kwa ntchito za thumba logulitsa, katundu wake amayenera kukhazikitsa. Ndalama zomwe ndalamazo ndi ndalama zimalandilidwa kuchokera kugulitsa katunduyo ndikugawa pakati pa omwe amapereka maziko, munthu yemwe amapanga njira yoyeserera, kampani (ndalama zomwe amalandila).
Zokolola zopitilira miyezi 9 ya 2006 (malinga ndi RBC)
| Wachisanu. | Mitengo yamitengo ya Groin amagawana,% | Kubwerera kwa Nav,% | Makampani oyendetsa (CC) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kutsegulira Ndalama Zosakanikirana | |||
| "Maxwell likulu" | 47,1 | 214,1 | "Maxwerkt Exprings" |
| "Center" | 40.7 | 695.6 | "Ikugwira Likulu" |
| "Capital-Bwino" | 22. | 194.9 | "Likulu" |
| Masheya otseguka | |||
| "Kit-Russian Magetsi Magetsi Magetsi" | 37,4 | 234. | "Kandalama" |
| Bcs thumba la tchipisi | 33.1 | 583,1 | Brokercreditvice |
| "Peter Sheethen" | 27.4 | 269. | "ALG OGULITSA" |
| "Alliance Rosno-Shat" | 21.8. | 186.6 | "Alliance Rosno Carctional" |
| Tsegulani ndalama | |||
| Zovala za Renaissance | 6.7 | 90. | "Likulu la Renassance" |
| "Lukoil Maziko Ofunika" | 7.9 | 201.2. | "Ursib" |
| "Troka Dialog-Sadko" | 7,1 | 1514,1 | "Troka Sournage" |
Pai.
Kugulitsa pai ndi njira yopanda zikalata zosagawika. Amanenanso gawo la eni ake kuti akhale ndi ufulu wa thumba la katunduyo, ufulu wofunikira kuchokera ku kampani yoyeserera yovomerezeka ndi ufulu wolandirira ndalama za thumba la ndalama zambiri. Masamba onse ogulitsa ndalama amatsimikizira mtengo womwewo mu thumba, motero, ufulu womwewo. Popeza malipiro ndi chitetezo, itha kutopa.Malamulo a thumba la ndalama zomwe zingakupatseni mwayi wogawana magawo omwewo (Pai wa ndalama zotseguka zitha kusinthana ndi ma pinki otseguka okha, ndipo nthawi yayitali). Pai alibe mtengo wa mwadzina, ndipo kuchuluka kwa magawo omwe ali ndi gawo limodzi amafotokozedwa ngati chiwerengero chonse komanso chofufumitsa, wogulitsa akhoza kukhala wa gawo limodzi.
Ntchito ndi Paha
Wogula Pais pamalo ovomerezedwa ndi kampani yoyang'anira kapena maziko oyambira (kapena mu malonda abanki omwe amagawana nawo magawo kapena muofesi yapadera). Tiyenera kutenga pasipoti ya General ndi satifiketi yolembetsa ndi ulamuliro wamsonkho (INTET).
Polowera kwa inu mudzaperekedwa kuti mudzaze fomu yogula kapena kubweza magawo. Zovuta zina zimakhala zokonzeka kulandira pulogalamu yopeza gawo komanso polemba, munkhaniyi muyenera kutsimikizira siginecha yanu pa pulogalamuyi.
Pai amalipira pogwiritsa ntchito ndalama zosamutsa kuchokera ku akaunti yakubanki ku akaunti ya kampani yoyang'anira. Ndalamazo zitalembedwa, mumakhala ogawana maziko, pomwe amalowa m'dongosolo, pomwe amalowa m'dongosolo lolembetsa (Kampani yoyang'anira idzatenga ntchito ndi inu (5% ya kufunika kwa gawo logulidwa. Kuchuluka kwa mtengo wogula sikuyenera kupitirira 10% ya mtengo wake woyamba.
Kuchokera pamalo otseguka, mutha kupitiliza tsiku lililonse; Kuchokera patali, monga lamulo, mkati mwa milungu iwiri mkati mwa chipika chilichonse; Koma kuchokera ku thumba lotsekedwa, zotulutsa zoyambira sizikuperekedwa. Chilangocho pa kutuluka kuchokera ku ndalama zotseguka ndi zapakatikati sichikulipiridwa.
Akawomboledwa (kugulitsa), njira yochitira izi ndi motere: mumalumikizananso ndi maphwando ndikudzaza zikalata zogulitsa. Kuphatikiza pa pasipoti ndi nyumba ya alendo, muyenera kubweretsa mawu omwe adatulutsidwa kale. Malipiro atatu omwe mungagwiritsire ntchito. Mtengo wogulitsa wa gawoli umakhazikitsidwa molingana ndi zotsatira za malonda (nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochepa kuposa 2-3%, kuchuluka kwa kusiyana kwake ndiko kuchotsera). Ndalamazo (Minus Commission) mkati mwa 15 idzalembedwa pa akaunti yanu.
Timalingalira phindu
Phindu lolandiridwa ndi wogwiritsa ntchito ndalama wachisanu ndi kusiyana pakati pa ndalama zogulitsa gawo ndi ndalama zonse zomwe mwapeza. Tiyeni tione chitsanzo: Wogulitsa ma ruble 1,000., Commission ikagula gawo linali 1.5%. Chifukwa chake, wogulitsa ndalama wawononga 10 1000 (1 + 0.015) = 10150.Kuchulukitsidwa kwa gawo la gawo la chaka chinali 50% (izi zikuwonetsedwa mu zinthu zomwe zili ndi thumba), ndiye kuti, wogulitsa wogulitsa (wowomboledwa) ma ruble 10 a 1.5. Kuchotsera (Commission kuti mubwezeretse gawolo) linali ndi 3%. Chifukwa chake, wogulitsa ndalama adzalandira 10,500 (1 - 0.03) = 1450 rubles.
Chuma cha Chuma chinali 14,550 - 10150 = 4400 rubles.
Mtengo wa kasamalidwe ka thumba lakhudzidwa kale mu mtengo wa gawolo ndipo sudzalipidwanso gawo lililonse. Zopindulitsa, monga kuchokera ku ndalama zilizonse, gululi limakakamizidwa kulipira msonkho.
Misonkho ndi 13% ya anthu okhala m'misonkho (nzika za ku Russia kulandira ndalama m'gawo la Russian Federation) ndi 30% kwa omwe si okhala.
Pitilizani kuwerengetsa ndalama zamtsogolo. Phindu la Ukonde Wogulitsa: 4400 - (4400 0.13) = 3828 opaka.
Misonkho imayimbidwa mlandu uliwonse wa magawo, komanso pochotsa ndalama kuchokera ku akaunti ya broker kapena manejala odalirika. Makampani oyang'anira, oyang'anira ndi oyang'anira kudalira ndi othandizira amisonkho - amakakamizidwa kuyembekezera ndikuwalipira msonkho kuchokera ku bajeti yaboma ndikusamukira ku Federat.
Ngati ganyuyo akupitilizabe kusunga awiriawiri kumapeto kwa msonkho, womwe ndi chaka chimodzi chakale, ndiye kuti ndalama zomwe ndalama zimalandira sizilipira. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati wogulitsa matenda adataya pogulitsa gawo, sayenera kulipira msonkho (chifukwa chosowa ndalama). Palinso nkhani ina pomwe msonkho wa wochita malonda sunatengedwe: Ngati ali ndi ndalama zake kwa zaka zitatu kapena kupitirira, amatha kupanga msonkho kuti asagulitse ndalamazi.
Sankhani wachisanu.
Kusankha wachisanu kumadalira zolinga za munthu wogulitsa. Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chipindulapo chidzakhala ndalama zofananira komanso nthawi yogulitsa; Chiopsezo chomwe wogulitsa amakhala wokonzeka kupita, komanso ndalama zomwe amayembekeza. Njira zonsezi zimayanjana. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukufuna nthawi yayitali, sankhani nawo chimbalangondo kapena kukhazikika kwa iwo akhoza kukhala okwera. Kuti mupeze ndalama pa nthawi yochepa (osakwana chaka), ndalama zotseguka zidzakhala zoyenera, kuchuluka kochepa komwe kumakhala kochepa kwambiri (pafupifupi ma ruble 10,000). Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti katundu wa ndalama zapakati komanso wotsekedwa nthawi zonse amakhala ndi madzi, chifukwa chake owopsa. Zowona, ngati kampani yoyang'anira ikuyimira Pai pazosinthana, wogulitsayo ali ndi mwayi wogulitsa pai kumsika wachiwiri.
Wachichepereyo amathetsa ntchito zake ngati nthawi ya mgwirizano wa kuwongolera kwatha, chilolezo cha kampani yoyang'anira kapena mawonekedwe apadera amaimitsidwa kapena kuchotsedwa. Khodi yachigawenga itha kusankha yekha mosadalira (pankhaniyi, ndalama za fifi zidzagawidwa pakati pa ogawana) kapena kusamutsira kumaziko kupita pamabwalo ena
Ndalama zothandizira komanso ndalama zapanyumba zimaperekanso kubwerera kwakukulu, koma zimatsekedwa nthawi zonse. Kuchokera nthawi yokhazikika komanso yotseguka, yopindulitsa kwambiri - ndalama zolipirira masheya ndi ndalama zolozera. Otsatirawa mu Isvinment Isfaloul, kenako nkhwangwa. Ngati simukutsatira zomwe sizingachitike pamsika wa masheya kapena musavutike kusankha thumba, lomwe limatchedwa fund Fund, lomwe limapangitsa kuti ndalama zikhalepo mu ndalama zina zitha kukhala njira yabwino kwambiri yogwirira ndalama. Batri yomwe ndalamazo zimaphatikizapo, mwachitsanzo, ndalama za feduro kuti ndalama zizifuna ndalama.
Kudalirika kwa thumba la banjali kukugwirizana mwachindunji ndi kudalirika kwa makampani oyang'anira. Chizindikiro ichi chikhoza kuyesedwa ndi muyeso, womwe wapatsidwa mabungwe onena za "Napor" ndi "katswiri".
Chimodzi mwazizindikiro zazikulu zomwe zochita za PYFov zimayerekezedwa - mtengo wa zinthu zopepuka za thumba. Amawerengedwa ngati kusiyana kwa zinthu zonse zomwe zimawerengeredwa pamsika, ndi zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito (ndalama zake), zomwe amalipiritsa kwa kampani yoyang'anira, malo osungirako zinthu. Mphamvu yazinthu zapamwamba za pifa imakupatsani mwayi kuti mudziwe zokolola zamtsogolo, komanso kulosera zochitika zovuta. Monga lamulo, mu thumba lililonse pali "gawo lalikulu lambiri", lomwe lidzachokera kumapeto kwa nkhawa. Nthawi yomweyo, nawe wa thumbalo lidzachepa kwambiri patadutsa masiku ochepa. Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zowonongeka zimakhala zazikulu, chifukwa chake zimakhala zabwinoko ngati mungasungire ndalama zosaposa 20% ya ndalama zanu.
Chifukwa chake, tiyeni tifotokoze mwachidule. Pambuyo posankha nkhani yofunsira ndalama zaulere, simumangolandira ntchito yaukadaulo yazachuma, zomwe zingakuthandizeni kupulumutsa ndalama kuchokera ku zoopsa zamtundu uliwonse, komanso pamlingo wanthawi yayitali / EY Mtengo. Kugula ndalama zomwe mungagwiritse ntchito ndi imodzi mwa njira zabwino kwambiri zosungira ndalama m'tsogolo mwanu.