Kukhazikitsa malamulo a mabizinesi okhala ndi ng'anjo yotsekedwa: Kufotokozera kwa kukhazikitsa kwapakatikati ndi chipangizo chotenthetsera, mtengo womwe ukuyerekeza.
S. Minemes.
Chithunzi A. Lyashko
Chiwembu cha maphunziro mchipinda cha mitsinje ya mpweya ndi mayendedwe awo mkati mwamoto
O. mwayi,
A. Safanov
Chithunzi yu. Jingova
A. Pansiels
Chithunzi I. Boykova
A - Kuyimirira pa Commantch Gavte, Chimney ndi Chitsulo ndi Chitsulo, chogwirizira cholemetsa kuchokera ku kugwa, kubisala chouma chouma; B - Kuchokera pamwala "cubes" pachipindacho chikutenga portal
A. Lullekov,
R. Soulotin,
L. Heiceswanko
Chithunzi S. Morgunova
Chivichi
Chithunzi k. Manko.
Chifukwa chake mudasankha kukhazikitsa malo oyaka moto m'nyumba. Kutalika ndikusankha mosamala ng'anjo ndi zofunda zoyenera. Komabe, ndi inayo kuposa theka la mlanduwo. Ndikofunikira kuwongolera chida chotenthetsa. Za magawo akuluakulu a njirayi ndikukumana ndi zovuta zomwe zikugwirizana ndipo zifotokoza nkhani yathu.
M'nkhaniyi "khalani ndi kuwala!" Ndemanga idasindikizidwa pamabokosi otsekedwa ndi kuyang'aniridwa pamoto pamsika wamakono wa Russia. Masiku ano tidzakwaniritsa lonjezo lomwe linaperekedwa kumapeto kwa nkhaniyo, ndipo ndiuzeni kuti ndikwere mowongolera moto.
Ndani adzayenda?
Ili ndiye funso loyamba kusungunuka. Tiyeni tiyambe ndikuti kampani iliyonse yogulitsa malo oyaka moto nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi msonkhano wake womwe umatchedwa, ndipo sikuti amangokweza malo oyatsira moto, komanso amakonza nsanja "yake. Kuti mulumikizane ndi ntchito za akatswiri osavuta, njira yokhayo, njira yokwera mtengo kwambiri: Kupatula apo, ntchito yabwino ndi yokwera mtengo.Kupulumutsa mutha njira zitatu. Choyamba, imbani mlangizi wa injiniya wa injiniya. Choyamba, lidzayang'anitsitsa momwe mtundu womwe mwang'ambika wa ntchentche ndi madotolo akuluakulu (panjira, makampani akuluakulu osachokapo kwa kasitomala nthawi zambiri amakana pobweza moto, chifukwa cha zomwe amapatula kubwezeretsa katundu). Wamtoryo amafufuza za kapangidwe kake (zolengedwa za makoma, pansi, zikuwala. ndi mawonekedwe a nkhope ndi mawonekedwe a ng'anjo. Injiniya kuyitanitsa ndalama pafupifupi 1.5 zopukutira kuchokera pafupifupi ma ruble pafupifupi 1.5. (Popewa kukhazikitsa kukhazikitsa, kampaniyo idzachotsa izi kuchokera pamtengo wake). Ntchito yokonzekera mutha kupaka omanga oyitanidwa - idzawononga ndalama zotsika mtengo kuposa ntchito zofananira za kampani.
Njira yachiwiri ndikuyambitsa mlangizi, ndi malingaliro ake kuti azigwira ntchito zomanga, koma moyang'aniridwa ndi katswiri wa akatswiri omwewo (omwe amatchedwa Chef).
Kulandila njirayi sikukupempha aliyense, koma kuti akwaniritse ntchito yokonzekera ndi kuyika nokha. Izi ndizowopsa, chifukwa ambiri mwina aliwonse a gulu lomanga (osakutchulanso) Malo oyatsira moto sanakweze. Mwachilengedwe, udindo wa gulu la msonkhano uyenera kukunyamulani. M'malingaliro athu, njirayi ndizovomerezeka pokhapokha ngati kampani yapafupi yogulitsa moto (ndiye kampani yokhazikitsa), ili kutali kwambiri ndi nyumba yanu ndikuchokapo kwa wothandizira Chabwino, tsopano tiyeni tikambirane malamulo ena a kukhazikitsa.
Mukayika pansi?
Chitani izi musanakhazikitse poyatsira moto kapena pambuyo? Akatswiri amalimbikitsa kukhazikitsa malo oyaka moto atapanga pansi. Ndipo ndichifukwa chake. Pansi pa moto pawokha pansi (ndizolondola kwambiri kuti muitane ndi subset) iyenera kuyimilira wosanjikiza (konkriti, chitsulo, mwala, suluzi. Zinthu zofananira zimafunikira kulekanitsidwa ndi nsanja yayikulu. Mukakhala ndi malo oyambirirawo ndikuyika malo oyaka moto, ndiye kuti mtsogolo mwagona, mwachitsanzo, matepu kuti atulutse pansi pamlingo umodzi udzakhala wovuta. Ngati mungayike pansi pansi, ndiye kuti vuto lotere silingabuke.
Ntchito yokonzekera
Kukhazikitsa poyendetsa moto ndikofunikira:
Khoma la Kutsamira Zomwe Malo Oyatsira Pamoto Adzasinthidwa (Kupatula - Chilumbachi Anthu);
Maziko omwe poyang'anizana ndi khoma ndi khoma la kutsamira;
Lite Lipenga loyenerera bwino komanso malo.
Khoma lamoto khoma. Khomalo, lomwe ndilo kumbuyo kapena mbali (yamitundu ya khoma), ndipo nthawi zina (angular) khoma lomwe likuyang'ana poyatsira moto. Kuyenda ndi ma comprete khoma la kutsamira nthawi zambiri kumapereka khoma la nyumba yokha. Wobved adakali wovuta kwambiri. Apa, ndizosatheka kuyika malo oyaka moto kuno kuchokera ku khoma lamatabwa - ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa khoma lina loteteza: mabatani (ma cell-silika) ), Gypsum Putsatch akuimba .D. Kuti muteteze pakati pa khoma la kutsamira ndi khoma lamatabwa, ikani chosanjikiza cha kusakhazikika kwa zosakira ndi makulidwe osachepera 5 cm. Kukula kwake ndi mawonekedwe a khoma kumadalira mtundu wosinthika wa poyatsira moto ndi kapangidwe ka chipindacho. Amatha kubwereza zosintha zoyatsira moto (pankhaniyi zitha kubisidwa kwathunthu pa zingwe), kapena kumawoneka kowoneka bwino, kuyambira pansi mpaka padenga. Kukhazikika kwa khoma kumatsimikiziridwa chifukwa cha khoma la nyumbayo kuti ipange zinthu zokhazokha kapena pakupereka mbiri (mwachitsanzo, g-kapena p-yopangidwa). Maonekedwe a khoma la kutsamira nthawi zina zimatengera kapangidwe ka chimney. Itha kukhala yothandizana ndi mapaipi a sangweji ndipo ngakhale ndiri gawo la chimney wopangidwa mu mawonekedwe a njerwa. M'nkhani yoyamba, kuphatikiza ndi ena, ndikofunikira kuchitapo kanthu kuti muwonetsetse zotupa zamoto za pomney (iyenera kukhala ndi mandimu) m'mphepete mwa mpando kapena zophatikizira za denga). Idzapereka kulimba kwake ndi makoma otheka makoma ndi kayendedwe ka nyengo yamatabwa. Zotupa ziyenera kupangidwa ndikumata kumtunda kwa malo oyaka moto ndi denga.
Maziko Kwa khoma la kutsamira ndi moto woyaka payekha, payenera kukhala zolimba kwambiri komanso zolimba (zolimba moto zimatha kufikira 1 matani, ndipo pakufunikanso kuwonjezera misa ya wofiirira) ndikulimba kuchepetsa kupangika Kuyenda "Khoma loteteza moto". Kuyenda mwamphamvu kumayambitsa kupukusa kwa chimney. Patsambalo kapena malo ofunikira, ndipo mumiyala yolimbana nayo. (kuchokera ku mbale kapena monolithic).
Chimney. Ma diameter ake (gawo lake) sayenera kukhala locheperako pasipoti ya bokosi lamoto lamoto, komanso zokwanira kupanga vatuum (mudzapezanso kukula kwake), apo ayi sichikukoka utsi. Pochita izi, kutalika kwa chitoliro nthawi zambiri kumayambira 5-12m kuchokera pamwamba pa kuphatikiza mafuta. Ngati ndipamwamba, muyenera kuchitapo kanthu mwapadera zomwe zingakuthandizeni. Ndipo ziyenera kupangidwa ndi zida zomwe sizikukulitsa (mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku njerwa) ndikutsatira mokwanira ndi miyeso yamoto. Akatswiri amalingalira momwe mankhwalawa amapitsidwira kunja kwa khoma lakunja (nthawi yozizira, mavuto angabukenso), komanso mkati mwa makoma omwe amakhala kutali ndi denga la padenga).
Mwachilengedwe, zonse zomwe zanenedwa za Chimney zimanena za Chimponda pamene zidapangidwa pasadakhale ndipo zidzamangidwa pamodzi ndi nyumba. Kodi lingaliro lamoto lamoto lidauka pomwe nyumbayo idamangidwa kale? Muyenera kugula chitoliro cha utsi ndikukhazikitsa pamodzi ndi poyatsira moto. Ngati malo a chitolirocho ali ndi malire, samalani ndi chimfine cha chimbudzi chotchedwa Spendwich mapaipi. Ndiwokongola m'mapapo ndipo amatha kukhazikitsidwa pamwamba pa ng'anjo kuti kulemera kwawo kumasunthidwa ku khoma kapena khoma latsatsa. Mtengo wa mapaipi sangweji ndi 1.7-3,5 ma ruble zikwizikwi. Kwa 1 tsa. M kutengera kwa wopanga. Ngati pali malo ndipo njira zomwe zingakuthandizireni kukhazikitsa chitetezero atatu-osakhazikika, mwachitsanzo, schielel (Germany) oyenera ma ruble 3,000. Kwa 1 tsa. M. Zowona, chimney iyi ndi chochulukirapo komanso cholemera (misa ya 1 m- kuchokera pa 80kg), chifukwa chake ili pafupi ndi malo oyaka moto ndikukongoletsa munthawi imodzi. Koma popereka chimnepo chonchi kudzera pamatanda othamanga ndi padenga, palibe zovuta, pamwamba pake sichidutsa 40c.
Chenjezo: Malo amphamvu moto!
Onse aku European ndi Russia, malo oyatsira moto nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi magwero owonjezera, koma monga gwero lalikulu - mwachitsanzo, kutentha kwa malo ocheperako (ngati kutentha kwamoto kuli kochepa , pansi limodzi lokha lomwe lingathe kutulutsidwa). Komabe, eni nyumba zanyumba zakumtunda, pomwe padalipo kale ndikugwira ntchito mwanzeru kutentha, khalani ndi moto woyatsira "zokongoletsera". Nthawi yomweyo sankhani mtundu wokhala ndi ng'anjo yayikulu kwambiri. Kumbuyo kwanu mukufuna kuwachenjeza kuchokera ku ngozi ziwiri.
Chiwopsezo choyamba. Poyatsira moto ndi gwero la kutentha, ndipo pobisalira moto wamoto, umayala kwambiri. Ngati nyumbayo ili ndi mwayi wokwanira, muyenera kuganizira momwe mungadzitetezere ku mphamvu ya "zowonjezera", zomwe zimapangidwa ndi poyatsira moto (mwina, sikoyenera kukongoletsa zoopsa za thupi, komanso mpweya wabwino kudzera pa intaneti. Njira yokhayo ndikukhazikitsa oyang'anira okhawo mu dongosolo lotentha. Amasokoneza kutentha kwa chipinda chomwe poyatsira motowo umayikidwa, ndipo nthawi yomweyo amaphatikizanso mpweya ndi njira yowongolera mpweya (potero kutsimikizira kutentha kokhazikika). Zikuonekeratu kuti zonsezi, ngakhale kapangidwe kameneka komwe kafotokozedwera pamalo opangira, kumafuna ndalama zambiri.
Ngozi yachiwiri. Pa ntchito yabwinobwino, malo oyatsira moto amafunikira kutuluka kwa mpweya (voliyumu yake iyenera kukhala osachepera 10m3 / h pa 1 kw ya mphamvu). Malo a Idelele a RESY salandila mtengo wofunikira, umayamba kusuta. Chifukwa chake, liyenera kukonza kufika kwake kuchokera mumsewu m'mphepete mwa buluyo, yomwe itha kupangira chitoliro chapadera, monga gulu lalikulu (edilkamin, Italy), ). Pamtundu wa mpweya uyenera kukhazikitsidwa; Popanda kuyatsa moto pamoto pomwe imadutsa. Kukwera kwa mpweya kumayikidwa pamaso pa malowo (malowo ake kuyenera kukhala 5-10 cm pamwamba pansi pansi pa poyatsira moto), komwe ndalama zowonjezera zimafunikiranso.
Pangani poyatsira moto
Ndipo tsopano zidachokera ku zomwe zidabweretsa zida, monga ma cubes, sonkhanitse poyatsira moto. Pa maziko omalizidwa, chothandizira pa dziko la Conolithic ndi gawo lotsika la matalala zimayikidwa (zonsezi zimaphatikizidwa mu seti). Zinthu zogwirizana ndi kulumikizana kwa zinthu zamoto zowala ndi njira yothetsera simenti yopanda kutentha kapena guluu lapadera gel, nthawi ya chisanu chake chomwe ndi 1-1.5. Kenako ng'anjoyo yaikidwa (mtunda wochepera pakati pake ndi khoma la lotsatsa ndi 7-10 cm). Akatswiri amalimbikitsa kulumikiza ng'anjo ya chinocho ndi chitoliro chosapanga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chokhala ndi 200mm, kupanga khumi (France). Zimapereka chitsimikizo cha zaka 3 zomwe zimagwira ntchito mosalekeza. Kulumikizana kwa chitoliro chotetezedwa ndi chimney ndi bodice chosindikizidwa ndi mastic osindikizidwa ndi mastic, tiyeni tilolere mfuti (khumi). Pambuyo pake, kukhazikitsa kwa kutukula kukupitilizabe, kuyika makoma.
Kutumiza komwe kumaperekedwa kumayikidwa pa phukusi, monga lamulo, sikuphatikizidwa (kupatula - kapangidwe kake). Nthawi zambiri imapangidwa kuchokera ku ma highwall kapena owuma majeremusi malo, kukweza mbiri yazitsulo (mbiri yakale ya kachitsulo (mbiri yakale ya Plasterboard) imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chifukwa chake mpweya wotentha sukuthira kwambiri, mkati mwa khola, mtunda wa masentimita 30 kuchokera padenga, khazikitsani chiwonetsero cha septum (chotchinga) kuchokera ku zinthu zomwezi. Pambuyo pake, kutsika kuchokera mkati ndi khoma la kutsamira (komanso khoma kapena khoma la nyumba) limatetezedwa ndi mafuta othandiza. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito mbale ya basalt ya basal, okonzedwa mbali imodzi, mwachitsanzo moto wamoto 110 (RockWwool, Denmark). Imatiwomeza m'njira yoti mafomu a aluminium amatembenukira ku ng'anjo ndi cholumikizira. Malumikizidwe a slabs amaphimbidwa ndi tepi yapadera yomatira (kunena, aluminium scotch).
Mtunda wa nyumba zomwe zili pansi pa chinsalu chotchinga (patali kwambiri ndi 40cm kuchokera ku Overlap), zitsulo zopitilira muyeso zimayikiridwa pomwe masamba otentha a mpweya (imatentha chipindacho pomwe poyatsira moto wayimirira). Amatha kukhala ngati awiri (omwe ali ndi mbali zazikulu; miyeso - 35220cm), ndi imodzi (yokhazikitsidwa kuchokera mbali yakutsogolo; kukula ndi kangapo kuposa ma grids am'mbali). Pankhani ya nyumbayo, yomwe ili pamwamba pazenera yoteteza, imalimbitsanso ma grilles awiriwo (kukula - 1010cm).
Ndizotheka kukhazikitsa yankho lina - kuti mutolere malo oyaka moto ofunda mpweya wabwino woyatsira moto komanso mothandizidwa ndi mapaipi osinthika kuti achotsere m'chipindacho, motero ndikupanga dongosolo la mpweya.
Ndikofunika makamaka kumanga malo oyaka ndi portal. Amayikidwa mu makalata otchedwa bokosi la bokosi, omwe amatha kuzungulira ng'anjo kuchokera kuwiri, zitatu ngakhale kuyambira mbali zinayi). Amapangidwa, ngati chopota, kuchokera ku pulasitala la pulasitala pa chitsulo. Pakhomo la ng'anjce (nthawi zambiri, ng'anjoyo ndi khomo limodzi, ndipo pali mabowo akona akona m'makoma a fakisi) m'makoma a zolemedwa. Portal, kutengera chapamwamba pamunsi, ndikungotsamira kukhoma la matope. Ngati chinsinsi chake ndi chokwanira (mwachitsanzo, chopangidwa ndi miyala yachilengedwe) kapena chopangidwa (ndi mtundu wa zopangira zokongoletsera za ng'anjo ya ng'anjo ya ng'anjo) zimaphatikizidwa ku zida), zomwe zimatha kugwirizira "chimango" kapena kuteteza chosowa kuti chisagwere. Kupitilira apo, zonse zimachitika, monga kuyika kwachizolowezi: malo osungirako okwera pamanja oteteza, kuchokera mkati mwa mphika wamkati ndi kutentha kwa Gilles it.d.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Malo ophatikizira moto ndi mawonekedwe a dziko lapansi (dzuwa): A, b-kugona kwa gawo lotsika la zolaula ndi mbale yothandizira ndi mawonekedwe awo; B-kukhazikitsa kwa ng'anjo; M-kukhazikitsa kwa chimney; D-kukhazikitsa kwa magawo ofananirako; Kukhazikitsa kwa thandizo la alumali pamoto; Zh-kukhazikitsa kwa stowwall potayika pazitsulo; Z-Castung (kuchokera mkati) ndi makoma a kutsamira kutentha; Ndikuyika ndikuyika malo. |
Amagulitsa bwanji?
Tiyeni tiyese kuwerengetsa, kuchuluka kwa mtengo wa mitengo yomwe ingawononge. Nthawi yomweyo ndikofunikira kuganizira izi:
mtengo wamabowo;
Mtengo wamoto woyaka kapena portal;
Mtengo wa chimney (ngati palibe amene ali mnyumba);
Mtengo wa zinthu zamisonkhano ndikugwira ntchito pamsonkhano wa moto moto ndi kuwonongeka kwa chimney.
Moto. Ilinso ndi kusankha kwakukulu kwa malo otsika mtengo komanso apamwamba komanso otsekeka, omwe amatenga ma ruble 10-150,000. Mwa mankhwala osankha, osangoyang'ana pamtengo wotsika. Samalani mbiri ya kampaniyo, kuphatikizapo, ngati kwatenga nthawi yayitali ndi zida pamsika wathu; Dziwani kuchokera kwa wogulitsa momwe amakonzera mtundu womwe mumakonda. Ndikofunikanso kumveketsa nthawi yogwira ntchito (kutalika kwake kumasiyana m'makampani osiyanasiyana m'malo mwapakati - 1, 3, 5, 5, 7 mpaka zaka 10) ndikupeza yemwe angakhale okonza nthawi imeneyo (ngati kuli kotheka). Ng'ani yapamwamba kwambiri popanda zokondweretsa zapadera zitha kugulidwa kwa ma ruble a 17-30.
. Pamtengo wotsika kwambiri (17-52 zikwi zikwi) mutha kugula zomwe zikuyenda pabanja. Pakati pa zogulitsa, palinso zitsanzo zotsika mtengo - 20.5-70 zikwi. Zogulitsa zapadera zochokera pamwala wachilengedwe kapena chitsulo chojambulidwa sikuti ma ruble zana zikwi. Pankhaniyi, pankhaniyi, "yofatsa" zikwi ziwiri za 27-52.
Chimney. Tiyeni tisankhe kusankha kwanu pa chimnenes pa chimphona cha sangweji. Monga tanena, kutengera wopanga ndipo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito 1 tsa. Mapaipi a chimney (m'mimba mwake ndi 20cm) muyenera kulipira ma ruble 1.7-3,5 zikwi. Ngati njira zololeza, muyenera kusankha njira yokwera mtengo, koma yoperekedwa ndi chitsimikizo cha zaka 10 (mwachitsanzo, thuuly, France).
Mtengo wofanizira wa Chimyisa ukhoza kuwerengedwa monga: Kuchulukitsa mtengo wa 1 p. Mapaipi a kutalika komwe mukufuna (kutalika kwa chimnerney kwa nyumba yosungika iwiri- 6m). Zinthu za Doblwo (mabakiketi, ma cnsim.p.) zimawononga ndalama zowonjezera 25% ya mtengo wa chimney. Mtengo wonse udzakhala ma ruble a 22.3-25.7,000.
Kukhazikitsa. Apa kuwerengera kumakhala koyenera kwambiri. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira ziwiri. Poyamba, msonkhano udzakhalapo pafupifupi 30% yamtengo wapatali panjira yoyang'anizana ndi mtengo wa zinthu zamisonkhano (zowiringa, kusokonekera, mpweya wabwino; Onse pamodzi adzawononga ma ruble a 17,000. Njira yachiwiri: Pakuchitika makampani osiyanasiyana a mpiru, kutengera kukula ndi kusinthidwa kwa poyatsira moto, ndikofunikira kuyika ma ruble 41-62. (Nthawi yomweyo, chitsimikizo pa ntchito ya kuyika - 2 zaka). Ziwerengero zofowoka ziyenera kuwonjezedwa mtengo wa kuyikapo kwa chimney, izi ndi pafupifupi 30% ya mtengo wake. Chifukwa chake, mtengo wonse wa malo oyatsira moto mu gawo lamitengo idzakhale ruble 115-178,000.
Tenthetsani nyumbayo
Lingaliro logwiritsa ntchito poyatsira moto monga gwero lalikulu lotenthetsera nyumba yaying'ono iyenera kumwedwa koyamba ndi kapangidwe koyambirira ndikukwaniritsa. Nyumba yopangidwa ndi yopangidwa ndi yomwe ili ndi moyo idzakhala yovuta chifukwa cha zovuta zingapo za ukadaulo, ndipo kukonza kwakukulu kumafunikira. Mphepo yotentha yopangidwa ndi malo oyatsira moto amatha kugawidwa ndi m'nyumba zapanyumba zokha (pogwiritsa ntchito malamulo ophatikizira) kapena kukakamizidwa (pogwiritsa ntchito mafani). Njira zonse zimakhala ndi zabwino zake komanso zovuta zake.
Dongosolo Labwino
Ubwino:
Palibe ntchito yofunika; Kudzilamulira ku magetsi; chete; zotsika mtengo; Mpweya wotentha umaperekedwa kutali kwa 2-3m kuchokera ku malo oyaka moto, amatenthetsa zipinda zoyandikana ndi zokha.
Zovuta:
chidwi chokakamira kusintha ndi kusintha nyengo; Kufunika kochitini zokumana nazo zazikulu kuti mukwaniritse dongosolo; Pa chingwe chofunda kudzera mchipinda, ndimafunikira makope ambiri amafunikira (kuti muchepetse kukana kwa aerodynamic); Kudalira mphamvu ya mphamvu yakukonzekera nyumba; Kulephera kutentha malowo pansi pa poyatsira moto kapena kutali ndi izo.
Dongosolo
Ubwino:
kuthekera kopumira mpweya wabwino mpaka patali mpaka 10m (kuphatikiza malo pansi pamoto); kudalirika koopsa komanso kufanana; Mwanjira yokwanira ikagona; Kuvomerezeka kwa zosefera.
Zovuta:
phokoso kuchokera mafani; mtengo wambiri (umayamba kuchokera pamtengo wa mafani ndi phokoso atadzaza ma ducts); Kudalira kwamagetsi.
Board Bungwe Lalikulu ku Neg "Saga", Goon, Loki kuti akuthandizeni kukonzekeretsa zinthuzo.