1. Zoyenera kuzungulira
2. konkriti molondola
3, 5.Fundete midadada
4. Hydrooloce
1.
2. Revenue
3. Kuvunda kwa kukhetsa madzi
4ama
5. hydroitola
6. Tsegulani Pulogalamu Yothandizira
1. Stofuce
2.plita-kukakamiza
3. Krachtein kuchokera pakona
4. CHITSANZO
Khonde ndi nkhope ya nyumba. Itha kukhala yochezeka kapena yosangalatsa, kusangalala kapena kudera - zonse zimatengera momwe zimachitikira.
Kapangidwe ka khonde ndi malo otseguka ndi masitepe, kuchuluka kwa zomwe zimatengera kutalika kwa maziko a nyumbayo.
Bwalo lakutsogolo la khomo (kwa ife, litakwezedwa ku 60cm, ndipo ngati pali pansi kapena pansi) iyenera kukhala 30-50mm pansi 20mm pa kutalika kwa 1m) chifukwa chosintha madzi. Mapangidwe ake amakhala ngati chitetezo chowonjezera cha chipinda choyamba cha pansi kuchokera chinyontho ndi dothi.
Kukula kwa nsanja kumatsimikiziridwa pamaziko a kulingalira mosavuta komanso kukongola. Monga lamulo, zimapangidwa kamodzi ndi kasanu ndi theka chitseko khomo lolowera, koma palinso lalikulu m'dera lomanga, lomwe limaphatikiza khonde ndi leverrace. Malo osewerera amatha kukhala ndi onse okosesa komanso ena, mawonekedwe, koma mulimonsemo, ayenera kudalira maziko olimba. Ndi kutalika kwa maziko, opitilira 50cm, malowa ndi makwerero omwe akutsogolera kuyenera kukhala akumata ndi ophulika ndi kutalika kwa 90-100 cm. M'malo mwake, kumbali ya malo olowera, mutha kuyika mabenchi kapena zokoka ndi maluwa.
Chimodzi mwa zolakwitsa zofala kwambiri mukamamanga khonde, pomwe masitepe omwe ali ndi dalanda amavala pakhomo lopukutira ndi khomo. Pa dothi lokhomedwa m'nyengo yozizira, khonde limakwezedwa ndi masentimita angapo. Zotsatira chitseko sichingapezeke. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zina malo a inlet amapangidwa pamatabwa opangira matabwa popanda kutetezedwa chinyezi, kusunthidwa m'malo mwa kuya kwa pang'ono. Izi zimabweretsa kuti mitengoyo imazungulira ndipo kapangidwe kake kamakhala kosakhumudwitsa.
Masitepe amatha kukhala ofupika kapena kutalika kwake, koma kutalika kwa masitepe (kutalika kwa masitepe) sikuyenera kukhala kochepera 110 cm, ndi masitepe angapo otsika (kapena oyamba a iwo nthawi zambiri amakhala otalikirapo. Masitepe amapangidwa ndi mitengo, konkriti (kapangidwe korolithic), njerwa. Ndizovomerezeka kugwiritsa ntchito zigawo zingapo za Conperite (zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito munyumba yaboma) m'lifupi mwake 115 kapena 135 masentimita ndi kutalika kwa 150mm ndi 300 mm mulifupi. Ngati ndi kotheka, Mariar March ikhoza kukulitsidwa ndi njerwa kapena zowonjezera zina.
Masitepe amaikidwa pamakola achitsulo kapena olimbikitsidwa kapena makoma a njerwa. Zojambula zachitsulo zopangira zakunja ziyenera kutetezedwa modalirika kwa oyambira ndi perchlorvinyl utoto, zinnnn vate kapena valkish. Mukakhazikitsa masitepe opangira matabwa, ndikofunikira kusamala kuti sikugwirizana ndi dziko lapansi. Chifukwa ichi, monga malamulo, mapilo a konkriti amapanga, ndipo pali zida zamatabwa kale pa iwo. Pakati pa konkriti ndi nkhuni itayika zigawo zitatu zitatu zogulira zakumadzi.
Kutalika kwa masitepe akunja amatha kuyambira 120 mpaka 180 mm, m'lifupi - kuyambira 280 mpaka 350mm. Kuzungulira masitepe kuyenera kukhala ndi malo ochepa kunja (2-3mm mpaka m'lifupi mwake) kuti madziwo asapangire m'makona ndipo madzi oundana sapangidwa. Ndi kukhazikitsa kolakwika, masitepe a matabwa amadzaza msanga.
Masitepe ndi ofunikira kuti azichita ndi zikwangwani zotsekedwa kuti madzi asagwere pansi pa khonde, pomwe sizimauma kwa nthawi yayitali ndikuyambitsa kunyowa kapangidwe kake.
Khonde munyumba yopangidwa ndi nyumbayo imakhazikika paventicular. Chithandizo cholumikizira chimagwiritsidwa ntchito 4-sitepe yopangidwa ndi mbiri yachitsulo, malinga ndi simembala slab. Kuchokera pamwambapa, chimango chimatsekedwa ndi hydrohoteelisol, chomwe, mothandizidwa ndi zomangira, njira zamatabwa zimagwiridwa ndi chitetezo cha bio ndi chinyezi zimayikidwa. Kuti madziwo asachedwe pansi pamtanda, mipata yaying'ono imasiyidwa pakati pa matabwa.