Pansi pa bafa: Njira zamagetsi ndi madzi, zida zothandizira zida ndi zida. Kufotokozera za ntchito yoyenda.
Kandachime ndikulumikiza chingwe cholumikizira
1. Dothi
2. Kugonja
3. Kutentha
4. Filimu ya pulasitiki
5. Olimbikitsidwa
6. Kukwera Planca
7. Kutentha chingwe
8. Gwirizanitsani konkriti
9. Zinthu Zapamwamba
10. Thermostat
1. Madzi
2. Tepisi yolumikizirana
3. Kanema wa Iolating
4. Mbale zopota
5. Machubu otentha
6. konkriti
7. Mastic
8. Otsimedwa pansi
9. Plosilus
10. Mote Wotar Foil
1. Kutentha
2. Kugawa mphete
3. Crane ya mpira
4. Wogulitsa nyumba
5. Mphete ya Air
6. kuzungulira pampu
7. Magetsi amalimpostat
8. Thermostat
9. Kutentha Kwachilendo
10. Chitira cha Capillary
11. Valani
12. Bypass Valve
A - Meandar;
b - chozungulira
Dongosolo lapansi panyanja m'bafa limafunikira, mwina, monga chipinda china chilichonse kunyumba. Pamodzi ndi sitima yotentha, imathandizira microclimate yabwino kwambiri m'dera lonyowa kwambiri. Kutentha pansi ndi + 26C, ndipo pamutu +22 ... + 24c. Malinga ndi akatswiri, kugawa kutentha kotero kutalika kwa chipindacho ndi kovuta komanso kovuta kwambiri kugwiritsira ntchito zida zina zotenthetsera.
Kutafunidwa ndi njira yothira kutentha ngakhale kuzizira kwambiri nthawi yachisanu sikumva kukonzekera. Ma smeshes omwe adagunda pansi mwachangu amawuma, kotero nthawi zonse amakhala wouma komanso wofunda ndipo ndizovuta kuzimitsa. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyeretsa m'chipindacho kumatsimikizika komanso mwayi wokhala pamalo a makhoma ndipo pansi pa makhoma kumatha kumachotsedwa, nthawi zambiri kumatha kuwonongeka kunyumba.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana
Masiku ano, magetsi otenthetsera ndi madzi ndiwodziwika kwambiri ku Russia. Amayikidwa munyumba zonse zokwera kwambiri komanso nyumba zakunyumba, padzakhala magetsi ndi ndalama zolipirira zofunikira. Kwa bafa yaying'ono yokhala ndi gawo la 2-4m2, chowonda chosiyana chimafunikira ndi makina ake ndi RCD, mphamvu ya pafupifupi 0,2-0.5kW. Nyumba zachuma zomwe zidapangidwa zaka zopitilira 10 zapitazo ndipo pomwe zopangira ndi eyeliner zidapangidwa kuti zikhale zogwirizana (pafupifupi 2,5kw pa nyumba), titha kungolankhula panyumba) Inde, ndipo iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala, chifukwa pali mwayi wowonjezera chingwe cha chakudya (ngati onse oyandikana nawo nthawi imodzi amaphatikizapo zida zambiri zamagetsi). Koma ngakhale mphamvu ikakhala yolumikizira yolumikiza mphamvu (munyumba yamakono, ndi 7kW), ndikofunikira kuti muwone ngati cholumikizira chomwe chilipo chimalola kulumikizidwa pansi. Ngati sichoncho, mutha kulimbikitsa kukhazikitsa kachitidwe kameneka ndi mphamvu yoposa 2kW kudzera mu chowonera chosiyana ndi makina osiyana.Ponena za dongosolo lamadzi, pamafunika gwero lamadzi otentha amtundu wamtunduwu: mafuta owombera, mafuta, magetsi (m'magawo omwe ali ndi malo osungira dzuwa ndipo mapampu amphamvu. Chifukwa chake, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito munyumba yokhala ndi matenthedwe owotcha madzi aukhondo, komwe, kuwonjezera pa bafa, pansi pa zipinda zina. Pakutentha kwamadzi pansi, ndikofunikira kupeza lingaliro la dez kulumikizane ndi ma network amagetsi kapena kukhazikitsa boti laling'ono la kudyetsa moto, womwe ndi wosafunikira.
Maulyro Burls
Groud Sour Sourth mu dongosolo la magetsi osamba ndi chingwe chotentha, chomwe chimatembenuza pamwamba pagawo lalikulu lotentha, makamaka kutulutsa kutentha. Chingwecho chimalumikizidwa ndi thermostat ya basi, chifukwa kachitidwe ka kachitidwe kamayendetsedwa. Thermostat imakhazikika pakhoma (ngati ili ndi kapangidwe ka madzi, ndiye kuti sichoncho, kupitirira pamenepo, mwachitsanzo, ndi gawo lowoneka la dongosolo. Kuwerenga kutentha kumadza chifukwa cha sekey yokhazikika, monga lamulo, chubu chapadera, mu chubu chapadera mundege cha chipika (kuti chitha kusinthidwa mu chimbudzi).
Zida zonse zophikira zotenthetsera zamagetsi zimagulitsidwa chifukwa cha chingwe, kutentha kwa thermostat, kutentha kutentha ndi kuchuluka. Zomalizidwa zimakhazikika pokweza kapena pang'ono. Mukasankha zida, ndikofunikira kutero kuchokera ku ukapolo wa chisonyezo, ndikofunikira kuti mugwiritse ntchito dongosololi komanso zolemetsa za kasitomala pachuma chake. Ikani pansi ofunda pakukonza bafa kumatha kukhala pawokha kapena kugwiritsa ntchito akatswiri a akatswiri (omwe omwe angalumikizane, omwe ogulitsa adzakhudzidwa). Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kutsatira mosamalitsa malingaliro a wopanga. AVOT kuti mulumikizane ndi magetsi ndi nthaka yake iyenera kukhala yamagetsi yamagetsi yokha.
Kukula kwa zokongoletsa konkriti kumatengera katundu wofunikira. Kwa kutentha kwa ma vanifolomu yogawa pansi, miyezo yaku Germany ya diva4725 ikulimbikitsidwa kuti azichita zokutira ndi makulidwe osachepera 65mm. Malinga ndi zofunikira za Russia SP41-102-98, makulidwe ake ayenera kukhala osachepera 30mm. Kulunjika pansi m'bafa kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito matayala a ceramic, marble kapena zinthu zina ndi chizindikiro cha matenthedwe r = 0.02m2k / W.
Montage mu screed
Pakakhala zoletsa zazikulu pamtunda wa dengalo m'chipindacho, ndizotheka kusintha njira yachikhalidwe, yomwe imaphatikizapo kusintha kwamagetsi kokwanira kwa magetsi ku bafa, ndikukhazikitsa dongosolo lotenthetsera mu screed. Ngati pansi m'bafa ndi madothi (m'makola oyamwa nthawi zambiri amakhala m'chipinda chapansi), pilo imapangidwa kuchokera ku miyala yobiriwira komanso yopanda madzi. Pamaziko opangidwa ndi miyala yokonzeka, mwachilengedwe, sizigwiritsidwa ntchito, pankhaniyi "zingwe" za dongosololi ndi zoyera komanso zolimba. Pamwamba pa malo osokoneza bongo okhazikika okhazikika ndi makulidwe a 50-100mm, pomwe woyamba kuyimbidwa. Zigawo za nthiti yokwera kapena kapangidwe kokhazikika kwa waya zomwe sizinaphule kanthu mpaka kumapeto kwa chimaliziro cha konkriti, zomwe zimathandizira kuti zitheke (ndi njira yokonzedweratu). Kenako pakubwera chonsati chachiwiri, makulidwe ake ndi kutentha mwachindunji kuyambira 30 mpaka 50-70mm. Pafupifupi m'chipindacho, m'makoma apansi pakhoma, zingwe zowonongeka zimakonzedwa, kupewa kusokonekera pansi pomwe mwatsoka chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa konkriti. Pansi, yomangidwa ndi zosakaniza ndi simenti, imawuma osachepera masiku 28, yopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zosakanikirana zina - masiku 2-3. Pomaliza, malo omaliza amaikidwa pa tayi, monga matailosi.Kugula zida zotenthetsera magetsi ophikira, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse mbali zina za chingwe choyambirira cha maziko. Mwa mainchesi ndi chingwe cholimba (ndiye kuti, ndi kuthekera kwake kupereka malo oyandikana nawo, izi kapena kuchuluka kwa kutentha komwe kumafotokozedwa mu mita uliwonse kutalika) kulibe zoletsa. Pofuna kuyimbira, zingwe zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mainchesi a 5-10mm ndi mphamvu ya pole kuyambira 17 mpaka 21w / m, komanso "zowonda" 2-12w / m. Ma couls ochepera omwe ali ndi mphamvu yocheperako amakhala pafupi ndi mnzake, mogwirizana ndi malingaliro a wopanga. Ndikofunikira kuti mphamvu ya chingwe chonse ndizokwanira kutentha kwa chipinda china (pafupifupi kuti muzindikire mphamvu yofunikira, kuchulukitsa chipinda cha 100w).
Sichifunikira kuti chingwecho chikupezeka mu gawo lathunthu kapena lomwe ladzala (kusiyana pakati pawo ndikuti nyumba sizikupanga maziko a elecketromanetir ndipo ndi 10-20% yokwera mtengo). Kukhalapo kwa makina amodzi oyambira ma electromaagnetic, omwe mulimonsemo sangathe kuwuma tsitsi kapena chobisika, kupatula, munthu amalowa m'bafa kangapo patsiku, ndipo sizotalika.
Mukamasankha chingwe chofunda cha "chonyowa", ndikofunikira kulabadira kuti ili pachiwonetsero chochokera pa chitsulo kapena chaya, zojambulajambula za aluminiyamu kapena kutsogolera, komwe kumapereka zolinga zachitetezo. Kumvera kuwonongeka kwa chingwe kapena madzi omenyera, chophimba chimagwira ntchito "yopukutira", kumawonjezeranso ma radiation a electromaagnetic omwe adapangidwa ndi chingwe. Kutulutsa kachitidwe kazinga kokhazikika kokhazikika, chophimba chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chofunda (chosinthika) chokha, koma chimangokhala chopondera, chifukwa chomwe ma radiyo amagetsi amatsika kwambiri.
Zimakhala zodziwika kuti chingwe chotenthetsera pansi chimakhala ngati chidutswa cha waya, koma mawonekedwe a gawo lathunthu ndi mitsempha inayake yotenthetsera. Pofuna kukweza ndi kukulitsa moyo wa kapangidwe kake ka chipika chotentha mu chikho cha fakitale, chomwe chimadziwika kuti chiwombacho chimalumikizidwa, chomwe, mosiyana ndi chingwecho, chitha kutsogoleredwa kapena kufupikitsa ngati kuli kofunikira. Gawo la chingwe cholowera limodzi lili ndi masinthidwe awiri, pomwe gawo lozizira kwambiri, pomwe gawo lina lanyumba limodzi limakanidwa ndi chipewa china cholumikizira, komanso cholumikiza kawiri ndikulumikizana ndi netiweki (Chifukwa cha chida chotere kuti ndikulumikizane ndi zigawo ziwiri zosavuta).
Kuphatikizika kwa kuphatikiza ndi chimodzi mwazomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri posankha dongosolo labwino. Kuphatikizika kumayenera kumapereka kulumikizana kodalirika kwa zaka zambiri za chithokomiro ndi kulimba kwa gawo lolumikizidwa. Makampani osiyanasiyana amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana popanga mankhwala (ogulitsa, kuwotchera, kudumphana) ndikusindikiza (kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa kutentha kwa ma polymer). Kudalirika komanso kukhazikika kumatsimikiziridwa ndi ungwiro waukadaulo ndi mtundu wa msonkhano wa msonkhano, chifukwa chake chisonyezo chabwino kwambiri pazambiri mwa kampani yopanga pamsika wa zofunda ndi nthawi yaukadaulo waulere.
Makampani ambiri amagwira ntchito yopanga zigawo zotenthetsera pamalingaliro osakwatiwa ndi awiri, omwe a Ceden), Alcatel), ku Spaden), Steden), Entomy), Entero .
Owonda
Posachedwa, potenthetsa pansi bafa, chingwecho chimayesedwa chopyapyala (0,5-1.5 cm) - pamwamba pa matako a matanga akale kapena pansi. Kuchokera pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamatenthedwe, monga lamulo, kukana. Popanda icho, kuthirira bafa sikudzakhala kovuta monga chofukizira, koma sikofunikira kudzipereka kwa 5-10 masentimita kutalika kwakukulu, komwe ndikofunikira kwambiri kwa zimbalangondo zazikulu. Inde, ndipo nthawi ya madongosolo imachepetsedwa kangapo. Chingwecho chimakulungidwa ndi njoka kapena chopukutira ndikusintha pamalo omwe adayang'aniridwa. Kuchokera pamwambapa, m'malo mwa squed, guluu wa guluu limayikidwa pomwe (kutengera chingwe cha ukadaulo chomwe wopanga amafunsidwa) amapereka kuti lisafooke kwa masiku 1-2, kenako zokutira zimasonkhana kale. Kapena kuyika matayala atsopano, pongogwiritsa ntchito guluu.
Zigawo zopyapyala komanso zopyapyala zimatha kuperekedwa kwa makasitomala ku ma Bay kapena mu mawonekedwe amphaka, omwe amapezeka ndi chingwe chonyamula miyala yonyamula ndi zaka 50 kapena kutalika kuchokera 1 mpaka 10m ( Kutalika kwake ndikofanana ndi mphamvu). Ngati chingwe chowonda, monga taonera pamwambapa, ndi choyenera kukhazikitsa zonse ziwiri, kenako machesi otenthetsera, ndiye kuti ndizosatheka kukweza pansi mwa 0.6-1 masentimita osaganizira zokutira (pali zowonda zowonda). Chidacho chimatha kudulidwa mosavuta m'malo osasokoneza umphumphuwo, womwe umakupatsani mwayi woti muwongolere zinthu kulikonse (kuphatikiza cholepheretsa).
Kutenthetsa Masa ndi magawo kutengera zingwe zowonda zowonda komanso zokhalamo Germany), Kima (Sweden).
Ogulitsa zamagetsi
Thermostat wokhala ndi kutentha kwa pansi, limodzi ndi chingwe chotentha, ndi chinthu chofunikira chamagetsi. Zida zoterezi zimatulutsa oj, denmark), eberma (Germany), DeVI (Dento (Finland), "Rustek) ndi ena.Sizifukwa zomveka pakugula zida zam'madzi ndi thermostat yothira pansi pa bafa yaying'ono m'nyumba yamizinda. Ndi njira yachikhalidwe yopanda tanthauzo kuchokera pa $ 40 mpaka $ 120. Thermostat yotereyi imatha kuthana ndi kukonza kutentha kwa kutentha kwa nthawi yayitali - mpaka kusintha kwa magawo otsatira a ogwiritsa ntchito. Mwa kukanga kutentha kwa chizindikirocho, chomwe ndi chotsika kuposa 0.1-2c (kutengera mtundu), chida chimagwiranso ntchito. Kutentha komwe kumakhalapo ma afrmostats kumachitika pang'onopang'ono, kugwiritsa ntchito kusintha kwa malo angapo, kapena bwino, pogwiritsa ntchito chotsutsa. Mtundu wa utoto umanena kuti wogwiritsa ntchito kuti dongosolo la kutentha lili pansi ma voliyumu.
Zachidziwikire, ngati bafa yokulirapo limafanana ndi holo yachifumu ya nyumba yachifumu, muthanso kugula zodula (katatu), komanso gulu lachuma kapena ndege zopangidwa ndi chuma. Sizingatheke kusamalitsa kutentha komweko, komanso kuzisintha pa algorithm kukhazikitsidwa ndi wogwiritsa ntchito: mwachitsanzo, kuthirira pansi mpaka kutentha pang'ono kuyambira 7 mpaka 9 koloko komanso madzulo kuyambira 18 mpaka Maola 23. Kuchulukitsa nthawi kachitidwe kameneka. Zipangizo zotere zimakupatsani mwayi wopeza phindu lalikulu ndi magetsi oyendetsa magetsi awiri, kuphatikizapo zokha kudyetsa ndi kudziunjikira kutentha m'matumbo a mitengo yotsika mtengo.
Katundu wovomerezeka wamagetsi (malinga ndi peu)
| Zinthu Zowonetsera | Chiwerengero cha nyumba, mm2 | Kutalika kwakukulu, ndipo | Mphamvu yayikulu yonse, kw |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mtovu | 21. | khumi ndizisanu ndi zinai | 4,1 |
| 21.5 | 27. | 5.9 | |
| 22.5 | 38. | 8.3 | |
| Chiwaya | 22.5 | makumi awiri | 4,4. |
| 24. | 28. | 6,1 |
Zonse ndi zotentha
Malinga ndi akatswiri ambiri, kusankha koyenera kwa kukakamiza kumabweretsa chuma chamagetsi panthawi yotentha, ndipo mtengo wake woyambirira umawonjezeka pang'ono. Kuphutu kwa kutentha kumachepetsa ntchito yopanda kutentha yowotchera pomenya, nthaka ndi malo ena omwe ali m'chipinda chotentha. Pomwe pansi pomwe zidakonzedwa pansi pansi pansi ndipo pansi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti kutentha kukulimbikitsani kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yolimba ya polystymm. Kutentha kwa kutentha ndi kusanjikiza kwa zojambulazo ndi zokutira polima nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zojambulazo, ngati zikugwirizana ndi zolumira konkriti, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, kutentha kuchokera m'chinsinsi pansi lonse, komanso amawonetseranso gawo la ma radiation otenthetsera. Kuphatikiza apo, zojambulazo ndi polypotar wabwino. Kanema wa polymer amateteza ku chiwonongeko cha Alkalinine chifukwa chogwirizana ndi konkriti.Wothandiza kwambiri kutentha kwa chipangizo chotenthetsera pansi pamafudwe amtundu wambiri ndi corbs a Corbs ndi makulidwe a 2 mpaka 10 mm.
Kusankhidwa kwa zinthu zolimbitsa kutentha ndi kwakukulu. Ena mwa opanga ayenera kudziwika kuti LLP PKP STROY-PRICY DRORE BODF, Foul Foal Foam Polyethylene amapangidwa pa chomera chamoto. Mtengo wapakati ndi 1m2- kuchokera $ 2 mpaka $ 4.
Kodi zimalimbikitsa bwanji?
Mtengo wocheperako wa zida ndi zida (chida mu cholumikizira) chomenyera pansi mu bafa la 3M2 ndi malo a dongosolo la nyumba ndi 120-140 pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe zidagulitsa. Zida zosankhidwa ndi zokwanira.
Mtengo wathunthu (mphasa kapena gawo, thermostat wokhala ndi kutentha kwa pansi, chubu chotchinga cha sensor) kwa bafa lomwe lili ndi 3M2 ndi pafupifupi 90-130.
Pansi "Mitsinje"
Madzi otenthetsera madzi m'bafa amakhala ochezeka (palibe chopondera) ndi zachuma (madzi otentha nthawi zambiri nthawi zambiri pamakhala zotsika mtengo). Zinthu zazikulu zotsatizana mu dongosolo lamadzi ndi zolimba komanso zosavuta kukhazikitsa mapaipi a polyithylene, chitsulo cha polymer.. Dulani mapaipi (amatchedwanso Mapati) musakhale ndi mafupa (zidutswa zonse kudula kuchokera ku Bay). Amapezeka mu mawonekedwe a ma coils m'thupi la timiyendo pansi ndipo chimalumikizidwa ku chakudya ndi osokoneza bongo a kutentha. Mwambiri, mlandu wamagomeza (m'modzi kapena atatu kapena atatu m'chipindacho) olumikizidwa ndi otola amodzi akhoza kukhala angapo. Okhometsa, nawonso, amakhazikitsidwa mu khola losonkhana pakhoma kapena kuwuluka ndi khoma m'bafa kapena kupitirira (ngati kuwotcha madzi kumakonzedwa m'ma zipinda zingapo).Pamene mapaipi omwe adagona pansi amazungulira madzi otentha, pansi pa nthaka yotentha. Popeza, monga taonera kale pamwambapa, m'matauni okhala ndi mathiral omwe ali ndi kutentha, madzi sangathe kutengedwa mwachindunji ndi dongosolo la DHHW, kukhazikitsidwa kwa DHW, kukhazikitsidwa uku kumalimbikitsidwa kuti aikidwe m'nyumba. Kumeneko, kuwonjezera pa zida zotentha (kudula chitoliro cha polymer, chosungiramo zokongoletsera, zokutira ndi zinthu zina), ndi chida chowongolera, komanso chida chowongolera chimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Chigawo chowongolera chachikulu cha dongosolo lamadzi limakhala ndi marne angapo ndi thermostat. Imasinthanso kutentha pansi, kusakaniza madzi kuchuluka komwe akufuna, kubwera kuchokera ku boiler kapena kwina kotentha ndikubwerera kuchokera ku nthawi yotentha ndi kutentha kwamadzi mu 35-50c. Ndikosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a thermostat ya thermostat yomwe ili kale, kusakaniza ndi kuthirira mavesi ndi pampu yozungulira. Zowonjezera kwa wogwiritsa ntchito zimapereka kuphatikiza kwa thermostat ndi nthawi yomwe imapereka ntchito patsiku kapena sabata pa sabata patsogolo.
Pangani zosankha ndi kukhazikitsa zida zamadzi pansi pa bafa ndi mphamvu zake ndizoyenera - izi zimafuna kuwerengera makompyuta, chidziwitso ndi zida. Ndikwabwino kutengera ntchito za makampani oyimira ukadaulo ndi ukadaulo wa otsogolera ma piplerop, Rehau,), Hengium), pexmal), Wixbo (Fraden), Wifden ), "Ghent" (Russia) ndi ena. Mtengo wa kutsatsa madzi mu bafa ndi malo a 3-4M2 amatha kupitirira kwa 1000. Komabe, ngati pali kutentha kwapansi panyumba kokwanira, izi ziwononga wosuta Pa 40-60 pa mita uliwonse ya malo otenthedwa.
Malinga ndi akatswiri ambiri, chitetezo chamagetsi cha magetsi sichikaikira. Malinga ndi malamulo oyera ndi malamulo a Russia (Sanpine2971-84), mphamvu yamagetsi yogona pa 500v / m, ndi Sapnin2.1002-00) sayenera kufikira 10 mkl. Makhalidwe enieni a magawo awa a minda yamagetsi pamwamba pa ma gels okhala ndi zingwe zotetezedwa zili pansi kangapo. Opanga amawonetsa kupsinjika kwamagetsi kuyambira pa 10 mpaka 300v / m. Umboni wa avo muyeso wotetezeka pakati paunduna wautumiki wa ku Russia, wopangidwa ndi iwo mu malo okhala ndi zikhulupiriro zomwe zimapangidwa ndi zitsulo sizimapitirira. Ndikofunikanso kuti zinthu zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito mu chipangizocho sizingatengeke ndi moto kuposa kuwononga magetsi wamba.
Kunyowa
Kuchoka Pafupifupi Chimango cha Mndandanda wankhaniyi pa dongosolo la kutentha kwa kutentha ndi kusokoneza matenthedwe otenthetsera pansi pa bafa, lingalirani kukhazikitsa kwa mapaipi pansi. Pakadali pano, mfitiyo imapereka zolakwa, koma kasitomala akhoza kuwunika njirayi ndikupanga ndemanga zawo.
Tekinoloji yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano imatanthawuza kukhazikitsa konyowa pomwe mapaipi otenthetsera amapangika m'thupi la konkriti. Dongosolo lofananalo lingakonzekere m'bafa, kufinya pomwe adzatha kupirira katundu wowonjezera 250-300kg pa 1 m2. Kunena wopanga zopanga madzi a pansi ali ndi zochitika zake kuti akonzedwe njira ya njira yonyowa, koma mosagwirizana ndi ukadaulo wamkulu, koma osagwirizana ndi ukadaulo wamkulu mwina si.
Kwenikweni, kukhazikitsa kwa kachitidwe nthawi zambiri kumachitika ndi nthawi yayitali yomwe yakhala yotentha yowombera madzi ndi yopingasa komanso yosalala. Ngati ndi kotheka, imakutidwa ndi ma scere opyapyala, ma pofi ang'ono (osapitilira 0,5 cm) nthawi zina imatha kuphatikizidwa ndi mchenga wowuma.
Ngati mbale yolumikizika imakumana ndi nthaka, yopanda madzi kuchokera ku Wallipress kapena zinthu zina zimayikidwa. Kenako pamabwera kusanjikiza kwamphamvu kwamitundu, makulidwe omwe amawerengedwa popanga dongosolo. Mu chipangizo cha madzi otentha kwa mafuta okumba, samangokhala m'bafa zokha, ndikuyenda pansi ndi pansi pa malo ozizira, komanso mchipinda cham'mwamba. Ogulitsa othandizira amaphatikizapo masamba owoneka bwino komanso opanga kutentha zinthu. Mapepala osindikizira ndi mbale kapena polystyrene unel, basalt fiber kapena forthd polyirethane ndi makulidwe a 30 mpaka 70mm. Amatha kuphimbidwa ndi zojambulajambula zamagetsi ndi chizindikiro cha ma mesh kapena choperekedwa ndi mabwana agona ndi mapaipi. Pamwamba pa kutentha kwa kutentha osanjikiza, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyika filimu ya polyethylene kutime sikunalowe pakati pa mbale ndipo sizinapangitse kutentha komanso milatho yacinyama.
Pofuna kupewa kuphatikizika, ming'alu ndi kutupa pansi pachivundikiro chifukwa cha kuwoneka kwa materite, komanso kuteteza kuwoneka kwa mafuta, ndikofunikira kuti musinthe za mtsogolo. Imachitika ndi riboni yamphepete mwa thonje polystyrene kapena zinthu zina, zomwe zimakhazikika m'makoma ndi zina zomanga. Imatsatira kutentha kumayiko ena mwa mawonekedwe ovuta komanso ngati imodzi mwazipatso zamiyala yoposa 8m.
Pambuyo atayika ogwiritsa ntchito (kutentha kwamitundu yambiri, nthunzi, kupukutira, kutentha kumazungulira.D.) mutha kuyambitsa gawo lalikulu la ntchito. Choyamba, muyenera kukhazikitsa chakudya ndi osokoneza bongo. Chitolirochi chimalumikizidwa ku chotola, pambuyo pake amayamba kusuntha bay ndikupanga kutentha kwa kutentha komwe kumakonzedwa. Madzi ophika madzi akagwiritsidwa ntchito, imodzi mwazinthu zitatu zosankha zogona chitoliro zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Schema "Njoka imodzi" imapereka zosavuta kuyika komanso kugawa kutentha kwambiri pogawa pamwamba. Tekinoloje iyi imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakuwotcha malo ochititsa mantha. Malo omwe amafanana ndi matope obwera amatsimikizira kutentha kwa pakati. Chovala chofananira chimalimbikitsidwa mabafa okhala ndi mizere yayikulu.
Mukamasankha njira yoyika chitolirochi, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kutayika kotentha kumagawidwa m'dera lachipinda mosagwirizana. Mwachitsanzo, makhoma akunja ndi okwera. Malo a Lich Ayenera Kukonzekera Mapaipi kuyandikira kwa wina ndi mnzake kupatula pazigawo zina.
Kukhazikika kwa mapaipi okonzekera kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito chida chogwirizanitsa ndi waya, mothandizidwa ndi masamba, njanji, pakati pa zinthu zopezedwa bwino (Bobbs) it.p. Njira yoyamba imadziwika ndi kuphweka, popeza gululi lolimbitsa thupi limadziwikanso, ndipo chifukwa chake sikuti muzipatula nthawi pa chizindikirocho pansi, ndipo konkriti imakhazikika chifukwa cholimbikitsidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha gululi, chubu chotentha chimakhala kwathunthu (pamwamba pake) kulumikizana ndi zoyeserera pansi, ndikuwonetsetsa kuchuluka kwa kutentha. Gululi limapangidwa ndi bar yachitsulo yokhala ndi mainchesi 3 mpaka 6 mm. Kukula kwa khungu kuma nthawi zambiri 150150mm, nthawi zambiri 225225 kapena 300300mmm. Mapaipi amaphatikizidwa ndi grid osachepera 0,5-1m mothandizidwa ndi ma pulasitiki apulasitiki, waya wowongoka, wopindika ndi mbedza yapadera, kapena tepi yapulasitiki.
Kukhazikitsa kuyenera kuchitidwa pa kutentha kwa mpweya sikutsika kuposa + 10c. Dera lililonse lotentha liyenera kukhala ndi chitoliro chimodzi, popanda kuwoloka, kupindika ndikupitilira, komanso kuwonongeka ndi kuwonongeka kwina. Ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zolondola zokha ndi zida zotsimikizika zachikulidwe. Dulani chitolirocho kuchokera ku bay amatsatira mutangoyala kuzungulira ndikupereka kwa otola kusintha. Ndi mapaipi ambiri oyandikana nawo, mwachitsanzo, pafupi ndi otonza, muyenera kudzipatula ena a iwo, makamaka kudyetsa ena a iwo, pofuna kupewa, kuti mupewe kutentha kwanu.
Gawo lotsatira la kutentha mau konkriti, zomwe cholinga chake ndikuonetsetsa kuti zikuwonetsa kulunjika pansi. Komabe, asanabise mapaipi a polymer pansi pa konkriti, ndikofunikira kuchita mayeso a hydraulic a dongosolo. Malinga ndi malamulo omanga, kuyang'ana pansi poterera kulimba kumachitika, 1.5 nthawi yayitali kuposa kugwira ntchito (koma osachepera 0,6 MPA), komanso kutentha kwa madzi. Pakampani ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, chitolirochi chizikhala nthawi ya kudzazidwa, kumachepetsa mwayi wa m'dongosolo lopanda zipsinjo zosafunikira.
Nthawi zambiri, makampani akupereka zida zaukadaulo ndi zida zokhazikitsa madzi kutentha kumapereka njira yolondola yokonzekera njira yothetsera njira, zomwe zimatengera opereka a chivomerezi. Fotokozerani mwachidule za opanga osiyanasiyana, zitha kunenedwa kuti sikisi yosakaniza ya mtundu wa simenti iyenera kupezeka 400. Dormanickery nthawi zambiri imawonjezeredwa ku chotchedwa chowoneka bwino kwambiri. Chifukwa cha chitolirochi chokutidwa ndi konkriti kwambiri, mawonekedwe owonda ndi mphamvu za owalawo amawonjezeka. Kotero kuti palibe matumba pansi, konkriti kuzungulira mapaipi ayenera kudulidwa mosamala. Poyerekeza, ndikofunikira kupewa kusamutsidwa ndi kupindika kwa mapaipi.
Kuchuluka kwa madzi otentha m'madongosolo sikuyenera kupangidwanso kuposa masabata atatu. Panthawi imeneyi, kunkriti konkriti idzalemba mphamvu yofunika. Palibe chifukwa choti musaloledwe m'dongosolo pansi pothirira madzi otentha ndi kutentha kwanyengo mpaka kutentha kwa ma strack, chifukwa kutentha kwake kumabweretsa mapangidwe a ming'alu. Pambuyo pa nthawi yodziwika, ozizira ndi kutentha kwa + 25C ikhoza kuperekedwa, ndipo m'masiku 4 otsatirawa iyenera kukwezedwa pang'ono kuzowerengera.