Sabata yopanda madzi: cholowa ndi zokutira, ntchito zokonzekera zokonzekera bwino pamtunda, mitundu ya zigawo za m'mapiri.
Chithunzi mikhail stejinova
("Isoflex") ali ndi mawonekedwe amkati, omwe amatetezedwa ndi filimu ya polymer yochotsedwa musanayambe ntchito
Chithunzi cha Karen Manko
Mzere wokutidwa ndi zokutira ayenera kudzazidwa ndi swala, zomwe zimayang'aniridwa kapena zina
Chithunzi chojambulidwa ndi Dmitry Minkina
Chithunzi mikhail stejinova
Chithunzi Vittaly Nefdova
Chithunzi Vittaly Nefdova
Chithunzi cha Evgenia Lichina
Chowonadi chakuti madzi, kapena m'malo mwake, amakhalapo nthawi zonse (ndipo motero amadziwika) tsiku lililonse ndi gawo limodzi la kukhalako labwino, makamaka kuzindikira kwambiri panthawi yomwe mwapangana mwadzidzidzi. Komabe, nthawi zina "fano "li la" izi "limatha kubweretsa mavuto ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kutayikira komwe kumachokera ku malo ogona "madzi omasuka, monga bafa, ali ndi chimbudzi chofotokozera mwachangu ndi oyandikana nawo kuchokera pansi ndikuwalipira ndalama zambiri zowonongeka zomwe zidayambitsa. Zitha kukhala, osayembekezera "Avosos," zimamveka kusankha kamodzi ndikupanga madzi osambira.
Kusankhidwa kwa zinthu zamakono zamadzimadzi ndizokongoletsa zinthu zambiri zopangidwa ndi opanga zapakhomo komanso zakunja, ali ndi zinthu zambiri. Kupanda madzi ndi gawo lomwe kudalirika kumaperekedwa ndikofunikira kwambiri. Ndizotheka kuwonjezera lamulo losavuta, koma lofunikira: musanayambe kugwira ntchito zosafunikira, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse chilichonse bwino ndikuganizira za chisanachitike pa "maudindo oyambira" kuti aganizidwe ndalama za nthawi ndi ndalama. Chifukwa chake osakwatiwa, okhulupirika kwambiri (odziwa tsiku ndi tsiku) Dziwani: Kupanda madzi sikwabwino kapena chabwino, kapena pamenepo, kapena ayi. Mwa njira, kutenga nawo gawo ngati akatswiriwa nthawi zina amakhala osafunikira.
Masiku ano, mitundu iwiri ya zinthu zosadzimadzi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pakhomo lopanda madzi ndi makhoma m'bafa. Mtundu wa kusankhidwa kwa zinthu umagwirizana mwachindunji ndi mawonekedwe ake komanso nthawi ya ntchito.
Zida zosavomerezeka
Zovala zachikhalidwe zamadzi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, makamaka, m'bafa, ndizokulungidwa. Adapangidwa pamaziko a phramen osinthidwa ndi polymer polity (styrene-butadiene-styrene) ndi pulogalamu ya Phula (yofiyira) (ofiira) komanso ochita malonda amakono ndi abwino pakukhazikitsa). Tiyenera kunena kuti kusankha kwa zida zokutira kuti zisagwedezeke bokosi la bafa liri, monga lamulo, silinaonedwe loyenera. Akatswiri amadziwika kuti kusada koteroko ndi wodalirika komanso wokhazikika, koma okwera kwambiri. Pamafunika malo osankhidwa bwino: kusavomerezeka kosavomerezeka kuposa 2mm, malo owuma omwe amathandizidwa ndi phlanden primer, ndi nsalu zolimba kwambiri. Vuto lalikulu ndi fungo lakuthwa la phula. Koma ngati ndi chisankho chogwiritsa ntchito madzi oyambira ano (mwa njira, zachuma kwambiri), ndiye kuti zotsatsa zodzikongoletsera ndizoyenera.
Kufanana kwa madzi kumali ndi zabwino zambiri pazida zina. Iyo mwachangu komanso yodula), yokhazikika m'deralo, chifukwa cholumikizira kwake sichinachotsedwe, kenako, pa zofunda zimatha kuyenda nthawi yomweyo mutatha kuwononga. Asanaike masikono, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kupatsirana pamwamba, cholinga ichi ndichabwino kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mawu a ramen, "choyambirira (chokhazikika)" asol-v kuchokera ku schambusg kuyanika kwa 3-8 Maola, komanso utoto wothira madzi, womwe ndi woyenera kugwiritsa ntchito osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza konkriti, zitsulo.
Pali zovuta zingapo zamtundu wamtunduwu: mumbrane wokutira, wosungunuka pamaziko, ayenera kudzazidwa ndi squed, yomwe imayang'aniridwa ndi zida zina kapena zozizira. Vutoli lomwe likubwera chifukwa cha izi zitha kukhala zokhudzana ndi kuchotsedwa kwa pansi, kuyambira pakukhazikitsa madzi osokoneza bongo, zokutira ndi matailosi, pansi osamba zikakwera osachepera 5 cm. Ndikofunikira kuwerengera zotsalazo ndi kutalika kwa 2 cm, komwe sikupatsa madzi kulowa pansi mwachangu zipinda ngati chitoliro chimasweka mwadzidzidzi kapena kusamba kudzasefukira. Chifukwa chake, tidzapeza "chopinga" panjira m'bafa yokhala ndi 7cm. Ngati simukufuna kukhumudwa nthawi iliyonse, muyenera kukweza pansi m'zipinda zina. Maubwino owonjezera ndi kusokonekera kwa oyandikana nawo pansipa. Kuphatikizanso kuthekera kubisa maaya osiyanasiyana kuti atuluke. Koma m'malo ngati izi, lingaliro limapangidwa mosiyana ndi chilichonse.
Nthawi yofunikira pamsika waku Russia wa inlet zida zophika, zopangidwa ndi makampani obwera "," Filmarg ", index), ku USA), iCopal ( Sweden) amaperekedwa. Analogi omwe analowetsedwa amasiyanitsidwa ndi apamwamba komanso okhazikika, koma ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mlozerawo wofuula womata kuchokera ku Index woyenera ali ndi wosanjikiza (1.5mm), kusinthidwa ndi sbs polymer, yomwe yachulukitsa. Kuphatikiza apo, polyethylene wokhala ndi mawonekedwe omata ambiri amatsimikizira kudalirika kwa mafupa a misozi pakati pa zojambulazo. Mndandanda wa Indextene roll (20m2) idzawononga 126. Chimodzi mwazomwe zaposachedwa za kampaniyo "Teknonikol" ndi zomata zomata-borm-polymeric sos ". Maziko a maziko mkati mwake amagwiritsidwa ntchito galasi cholester, chomwe chimakutidwa mbali zonse ziwiri ndi phula, kusinthidwa ndi ssp (styrene block). Kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yapadera kwa ma polima kumasintha kwambiri chifukwa cha zinthuzo ndikuwonjezera zomata zake. Amabwera "chotchinga" mu ma roll a 15m2 ndi ndalama 3 zotsika mtengo kuposa zitsanzo zakunja - $ 32 pamtengo.
| Bafa yopanda madzi mu konkriti yodutsamo ndi matalala (index) |
| Malo osamba oyenda pamatabwa patatanthwe (index) |
| Chithunzi cha chipangizo cha madzi mu bafa (kiilto) |
Zopusa zamadzi
M'machitidwe amakono, kusinthana ndi zinthu zopatuka kumabwera ndi zokutira, ndipo masiku ano amagwiritsidwa ntchito zipinda zothira madzi okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri. Zipangizo zokutira zimapanga gulu lalikulu kwambiri lomwe limaphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana, simenti, simenti, polymer ndi polymer. Popeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwalawa, kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu wina kapena mtundu wake kuyenera kukhala kopendekeratu - kusankha kwaukadaulo ndi zinthu kumadziwika ndi zofunikira za momwe zinthu ziliri. Kuchuluka kwa zokutira (zamadzimadzi), zopanda pake "zawo (zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamtunda uliwonse) perekani ndalama zochulukirapo za ntchitoyo sizimasiyidwa.Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yophatikizika kwambiri - yopanda pake (kerati-rabar-mphira ndi phula-polymeric) mass. Amapangidwa pamaziko a phula lambiri ndi kuwonjezera kwa zosungunulira zachilengedwe ndi zinyeta zosiyanasiyana za mphira, pulasitiki, latx, zikuchulukirachulukira. Zinthu zosiyanitsa za ma shumen zotsatsa ndi zotsatsa bwino ndi maziko ndipo zimawonjezereka ku zinthu zakunja. Kuchokera pazomwe zalembedwazi, a Industhes ndi Elastol a Index Componan amatha kuyitanidwa (ali ndi kutalika kwambiri ndipo amatha kuyikidwa pamalo onyowa), kaldict kuchokera ku Beckers (Sweden), " Hydromeb "Ricromeh" Riccardi - Mangani "ndi" gridi ", bid eidrolitex mbg kuchokera ku shumblex (Russia). Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kuti mupeze zokutira zapamwamba kwambiri mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoterezi, zokutira zimafunikira. Kulumikizana kumeneku sikudzakhala kovuta: mayanjano otchedwa atsopano nthawi zambiri amapatsidwa ming'alu, motero zimamveka (chifukwa chomveka) kuti muwonjezere fiberning. Zimachulukitsa mphamvu ndi kukana kwa abrasion of konkrete, miyala ya simenti, imachepetsa kuthekera kwa kusweka.
Cobmatic 4proung imaphatikizaponso simenti-polymer. Amakonzedwa kuchokera ku osakaniza a simenti ndi mineral filler ndipo akukakamira ndi madzi, cholumikizira cha emulsion kapena kupezeka kwa ma policymers (acrylic, vinyl). Chifukwa cha chinthu cha simenti, zokutira izi zimakhala ndi zotsatsa bwino mpaka pansi, ndipo zowonjezera za pulasitiki zimawathandiza kugwira ntchito osati pamalo okhwima. Zovala za polymer zokhala ndi polymer zimalowa m'matumba a maziko ndikuzichotsera. Makulidwe a zokutira ndi ochepa - 1-3mm. Kma Mu akaunti yabwino, mastic awiri-detis oyipitsira osmoalastic ndi Osmoflex kuchokera ku Index. Amapezeka mwa kusakaniza mtundu wina wa ufa wa simenti ndi latex. Vitaga amatulutsa zinthu zowoneka bwino za pulasitiki. Ntchito zosakaniza zolimbikitsira (zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo awiri ndi spatula) kuti musungunuke madzi osambira ali pa 3kg pa 1mg pa 1MP2. Amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chofunda chosamba chofewa, komanso pokweza pansi, kupirira kutseguka kotseguka pamtunda mpaka 2mm.
Zizindikiro zodalirika kwambiri zimawonetsa gawo limodzi-loyambitsa madzi osakanikirana a "ma sfims-amathandizira madzi" a kampaniyo "Glimes". Zinthuzo zimakhala ndi zomatira zabwino pamitundu iliyonse yamitundu ndipo imasiyanitsidwa ndi kuwononga madzi. Mokulira zimawoneka ngati imodzi mwamakhalidwe a "Glims-Matersm" - Kusambitsa kusanja kwa madzi ndi kutalika kwa 70m. Kukonzekera ntchito ndi osakaniza (komabe, kugwira ntchito yokha) ndi yosavuta: simenti yowoneka bwino imachepetsedwa m'madzi okhazikitsidwa ndi madzi, zimasakanizika bwino kangapo, pambuyo pake imayikidwa kwa zigawo zingapo pamwamba.
Zipangizo zamaziko a simenti imapereka malo omenyera ku Italy ku Russia kupita ku Russia. Chosakaniza chofala kwambiri chinali chinthu chosakanikirana cha elastocem mono, chokhala ndi simenti ya ku Portland, zopangidwa ndi utoto wowonjezera, owonjezera opanga ma ruct. Ikadzazidwa ndi madzi, osakaniza amasintha mu pulasitiki, yomwe imatha kuyikidwa pamalo opingasa ndi ofuula a osanjikiza mpaka 2 mm osakwera. Elastocem Mononi imasiyanitsidwa ndi kutalika kwambiri komanso kutsatsa bwino kwa simenti ndi ma cererite.
Okhazikika bwino kwambiri polimani zinthu zosafunikira pazinthu zapakhomo komanso zakunja. Chifukwa chake, Saiflex kuchokera ku SCHMBRG ilibe ma softnts ndipo amapangidwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito zipinda zonyowa ndi mabafa. Misa yokhazikika imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zigawo chimodzi kapena ziwiri (makulidwe okutira ayenera kukhala osachepera 3-4mm) pamalo okonzekereratu ndipo mutayanika (maola 5-6) amasandulika kukhala otanuka, opanda madzi, koma kutsatsira filimu yopanga. Zolumikizana pansi ndi makoma tikulimbikitsidwa kuti musute ndi nthiti za kusindikiza. Iyenera kuphatikizika m'maganizo kuti ngati mu bafa yotsatira yomwe yakonzedwa ndi chipangizo chotentha pansi, kenako siniflex sayenera kutsatira.
Makina opangira mastic pamsika waku Russia ndi makampani aku Franland a Kiilto ndi Hostiroc, mbewu ya ku Itachian Lisiokol (Hidroflex Mastil). Kuchokera pagulu lonse la kiilto, gulu la comragum imodzi ya mastic, lopangidwa pamaziko a CRB-Poling (mphira wa polima (kapena mphira wa Cuolymer), makamaka zipinda zokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri. Iyenera kutchulidwa kuti njira zotchingira zimaphatikizira matepi ang'onoang'ono. Kupanga kwa kapangidwe ka kapangidwe kake komwe kumakhazikika pakati pa zigawo zake (m'makona ndi seams) ndikuwonjezera madzi oyambira. Akatswiri ochokera ku Dokoc amapereka zovuta zingapo ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana. "Kupanda madzi" ndi mastic potengera kufalikira kwa materini. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa burashi kapena wodzigudubuza m'magawo awiri pamtunda wouma (kutentha 15-30c), kenako nkugwirizana ndi spatula owotchera. Pansi pa mastic a mastic mitengo yoyenerera ya simenti, maubwenzi, mabatani. Pamene woyamba wosanjikiza akuchepa, zojambula za nsalu zolimbitsa nsalu "zikaikidwa (ndi malire mu 50cm). Makamaka mosamala zotulukapo za ngalande, kukwera mabowo, ngodya ndi mafupa. Malangizo a madzi osokoneza bongo amalimbikitsidwa ndi gawo lachiwiri la minofu.
Zowonjezera zodzitchinjiriza
| Kupanga | Malaya | Mtundu Wathupi | Mwachindunji, kg / dm3 | Kudya, kg / m2 | Cakusita | Mtengo 1kg, $ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Index (Italy) | Chisono | Tumium Polymer Mastic | - | chimodzi | Bank Bank 10 ndi 20kg | 2,2 |
| Osmoalastic | Simenti-polymes awiri osokoneza bongo | 1.65 | 1,6 | Bratch Batt 15kg, Carliza 5kg | 2.7 | |
| SCHMBRG (Germany) | Aquapin-2k. | Simenti-polymes awiri osokoneza bongo | 1,3 | 3.5-4.5 | Chikwama 6 ndi 25 makilogalamu, chidebe 2 ndi 8,33l | 1.5 |
| Liriyol (Italy) | Elastocem Mono. | Sakanizani simenti | - | 3.2 (ndi makulidwe a wosanjikiza 2mm) | Chikwama 20kg | 2,3. |
| Hidroflex. | Polymer mastic | 1,3 | 1.3 (yokhala ndi makulidwe a 1mm) | Chidebe 2, 8, 18 ndi 24kg | 5.3 | |
| Kiilto (Finland) | Keragum. | Polymer mastic | 1,4. | 0.7-1 | Bank 1, 5, 10 ndi 15l | 7.7 |
| Optiroc (Finland) | "Kupanda Madzi Akale" | Polymer mastic | 1,1 | 0.7-0.9 (kwa makoma); 1-1.2 (pansi) | Bank 5 ndi 10l | 7,2 |
| RickArdi-nyumba, Gridi (Russia) | "Hydromeb" | Tumium Polymer Mastic | 1,2 | 0.25-0.3 | Chidebe 5kg | 1,6 |
| "Glims-Prodakshn" (Russia) | "Glims-Matersm ' | Sakanizani simenti | - | 3-4 | Chikwama 20kg | 0.8. |
Chipangizo chaukadaulo chamadzi
Kukonzekera kwa maziko . China chofunikira kwambiri pamtundu wamadzi osokoneza bongo kuposa momwe amathandizira yankho ndi kutengera ukadaulo wake. Pitani patsogolo kuchokera pansi, mafuta, utoto ndi zinthu zina zomwe zikulanda motsatira zimachotsedwa mosamala. Kusafunikira kotsukidwa kwa nkhope ndi fumbi kumatheka mothandizidwa ndi nyumba yoyeretsa yanyumba. Musanagwiritse ntchito zosafunikira, maziko okonzedwa amakonzedwa (odulidwa kapena kuchokera ku sprayer) mwa primer (primer). Chofunikira kwambiri sikuyenera kulakwitsa pakusankha kwake, popeza priers amagwiritsa ntchito zojambulajambula zapamwamba komanso zotsekemera zopanda pake ndizosiyana mu chinyezi chawo, chifukwa chake, amagwira ntchito bwino ndi "chifukwa cha munthu wina". Zosagwirizana ndi gawo la 2mm amaloledwa. Kukhalapo kwa mitengo iliyonse yakuthwa (ngakhale yaying'ono). Kugwirizanitsa Mayeso (kuchokera pamchenga, gypsum, gypsum, Kuyanika njira zotsatsa) ziyenera kuyikidwa ndi mtunda wa 2-3m pazophimba zowongolera. Malo owoneka bwino (magwiridwe a simenti, pulasitala, simenti.), Simathandizidwe ndi gawo la simenti-polymeric, ndikofunikira kunyowa ndi chinkhupule kapena siponji. Izi zimapewa kuyanika kwambiri ndi yankho lopanda madzi.
Malo akuluakulu otulutsa ndi ofukula - patsogolo pa chipangizo chopanda madzi, chikhoza kukhala cholimbitsa thupi cholimbikitsira, "dziko la Gerland kusiyana pakati pa khoma ndi pansi, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito zotupa zakumadzi. Iyeneranso kukhala mukukumbukira kuti ngati mtsogolo mukukonzekera kukonzekera pansi pachimbudzi, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito zotanuka zomwe zimagwira ntchito zofunda (mwachitsanzo, a binerdemo kuchokera ku Alchimica (Greece) kapena Elastobit kuyambira index). Akatswiri ambiri amalimbikitsa pankhaniyi kuti agwiritse ntchito zokutira zakumadzulo pamwamba pamanja, pansi pagaluwo wosanjikiza kuti muteteze chinsinsi, ndipo mawuwo.
Kukonzekera kusakaniza . Masting ndi polymeric mastic amapangidwa okonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito. Zipangizo zopangira simenti zimaperekedwa m'njira zosakanikirana. Kuphulika ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi oyera (kapangidwe kake kali ndi malo owuma) ndikuphatikizika ndi osakaniza magetsi (khomo lamagetsi ndi phokoso lapadera) mpaka ma curts amapezeka . Njira yothetsera vutoli imapangidwa kuti ikhale yokhwima kwa mphindi 3-5 ndikukulimbikitsani, pambuyo pake imawerengedwa kuti ili yotheka kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Kutentha koyenera ndi 1520s. Kuzindikira kwa yankho ndi ochepa (0,7-1,5 maola), motero ndikofunikira kukhetsa osakaniza pang'ono ndikugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yomweyo.
Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi . Imagwira ntchito pa chipangizocho poyendetsa madzi "iyenera kuchitidwa pamtunda wozungulira ndipo mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe ake sakhala otsika kuposa 60%. Kutentha kotereku kuyenera kusungidwa kopitilira osachepera masiku awiri asanayambe ndi masiku 12 kutha kwa ntchito "(Snip3.04.01-87). Madzi oyambitsa madzi amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pamunsi ndi burashi, wodzigudubuza kapena spandula. Nthawi yowuma ndi kulimbikitsa kwa kapangidwe kake zimatengera makulidwe a wosanjikiza, komanso pa kutentha ndi chinyezi mchipindacho. Musanalenge zokutira kapena kugwedezeka kwa pansi pa matalala, chinyezi cha madzi kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndikufanizidwa ndi inicatototor yovomerezeka yamtunduwu.
Technology yopanda madzi:
| Chithandizo cha Primer akuchokera; |
| Zoyambira zakumadzi; |
| Kuwala ndi matailosi ndi kusindikiza kwa mafupa |
M'madipando
Mavuto a kusindikiza kwa seams, Zisindikizo ndikusindikizidwa kwa mafupa osiyanasiyana (mwachitsanzo, pokhazikitsa ndalama) zimapangidwa kuti zithetse matendawa ndi ma poureurethane. Pali akadalidwe a acrylic, koma chifukwa cha ukalamba msanga m'bafa, sakulimbikitsidwa. Kugwirizanitsa ndi kulipirira kayendedwe ka seams, kapangidwe ka sisilicone mwina kuli koyenera. Monga lamulo, madera azikhalidwe ogwiritsa ntchito bafa ndi zimbudzi, kuwonjezera pa silika yokha, ndi yaying'ono (5-10%) yomwe imalepheretsa kupangidwa kwa mawonekedwe akuda nkhungu. Zipangizozi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kukweza kwabwino (kukhala kolemerekera mukamadutsa 1000%), kutsatira zabwino kwambiri pamtunda wosiyanasiyana, kukana, nyonga ndi kukhazikika.
Zosindikiza (silicone kuphatikiza) zimasiyanitsidwa ndi makina owaza ndi zomwe zili mu mafayilo (nthawi zambiri opanga mafakitale, abwino). Zipinda za asidi ndi zotsika mtengo komanso zotsika mtengo (pafupifupi $ 2 pa cartridge yolimbana ndi 310 ml) ndipo, zoona, zoyimilira kwambiri pamsika wapabanja. Zizindikiro zawo m'makampani ambiri zimaphatikizanso kalata ya Chilatini ya (eng. Asidi acid). Mukachiritsidwa, zosindikiza zamtunduwu zimasankha kuchuluka kwa acetic acid mu mpweya (2-5% ya misa yonse), yomwe pakuchepetsa kukula kwawo. Sayenera kulumikizana ndi kutsogolera, mkuwa, mkuwa ndi zinc, chifukwa acetic acid imayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa zitsulozi. Komanso, zigawo za acidic sizigwiritsidwa ntchito pogwira ntchito ndi simenti ndi simenti yomwe ili ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi mankhwala a alkaline komanso okhoza kuyanjana ndi acetic acid. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, ndikofunikira kuti mpweya wabwino ukhale.
Zovala zam'malo zosanja sizimangokhala ndi Ketoxime kapena mowa. Ndioyenera maroomes onse osapatula, kuphatikizapo zida zamiyala ndi simenti, koma ndiokwera mtengo kwambiri - kuyambira $ 5-6 pa cartridge 1. Kulemba mapangidwe oterowo ndi kalata ya Chilatini N (osalowerera ndale).
Msika waku Russia umapereka zinthu zapakhomo komanso zakunja. Pakati pawo "Plovetunit", "stroyvismmetymetymetymemmetymemmet", Ngo "Polings" Soudal (France) ndi ena.
Osintha zikomo pakatikati ", tehnonikol," slims-prodakshn ", komanso maudindo oyimilira a Hoptiroc, Schumborg ndi Kiil akuti thandizo pokonzekera zinthuzo.