Kukambirana Mofotokozera za msika wa deramic matamu: kupanga ukadaulo, zojambula, zopangidwa ndi mafashoni. Opanga ndi mitengo.
Mwina, sitikhala olakwika ngati tinena kuti tambiri tiles ndiye chotchuka kwambiri ndipo timafuna kuti tipeze zinthu zomaliza kusamba. Nthawi zambiri, pogula matailosi, choyambirira samalani ndi katundu komanso katundu wabwino. Komabe, nthawi zambiri gawo lalikulu lomwe lili m'magazini lino limaseweredwa ndi kapangidwe kake, ndipo mtengo wake ndi wofooka. Zodabwitsa pomwe njira yofunikira yosankhidwa siyabwino.
Msika wa ku Russia wa ku Russia unayamba kupanga mawonekedwe mu 1996-1997. Kenako ogula amatha kulinganiza zogulitsa monga momwe zimakhalira, Chitaliyana, Chisipanish kapena Czech, popanda kupita mwatsatanetsatane za mapangidwe, zabwino ndi mitengo. Ogulitsa anali okwanira kupereka katundu pa paketi yokhala ndi sitampu yopangidwa ku Italy, ndipo kupambana kwa malonda kunaperekedwa. Masiku ano, chinthu china: Wogula amabwera waluso ndi kukulunga.
Joiri yaying'ono
Italy, dolide yamafashoni ya matailosi azaka zana zapitazi, imapereka 95% yonse ya opanga padziko lonse lapansi. Mafakitale oposa 350 ndi malo ochitira zinthu ambiri opangira malo ku Sodode ku Sodomna kumpoto kwa dzikolo. Ogula aku Russia sasiya mayina a makampani ambiri aku Itortaian Citora, a Ariona, Arineer, Santerli, Warchidea, Warchidea , Ceramine Marca Cora Cona, Cedir, Matsenga, Campani Idr.Spain - wachiwiri padziko lapansi mogwirizana ndi kupanga, wopanga ma taile - amagwiritsa ntchito bwino matekinoloje aku Italy, komanso zida za Spain konse, komanso ku Spain. Chogulitsacho chili ndi mafakitale angapo. Pakati pa mitundu imeneyo, a Apirici, Metropol, Diago, Venus, Pernus, Wartarti Idre.
Opanga nyumba masiku ano ndi opikisana kwambiri, chifukwa amagwira ntchito pazomwe zidatumizidwa (makamaka ku Italy), utoto wa ku Italy), snap, komanso ngakhale kukopa akatswiri ochokera ku Italy. Chitsanzo Chakale "Falcon" (kdenovsk, dera la Moscow) ndi "Velor" (Chizindikiro ", chomera chambiri), Lirramics" yoyesera). Komanso, ojsc "stroyparfor" (G. Shachta, dera la Rostov) lidayambitsa mizere italiitali ya ku Italy kuyambira 2001. "Bishkerama" (kutengera chomera cha Octobet Ceramic) ndi "Conramics" (pamaziko opanga masitepe a Ceramic) ma cordics a mizere yopanga matailosi.
Wopikisana nawo wopangidwa ndi mabizinesi aku Russia ndi matabwa akum'mawa kwa Europe, kuphatikiza ku Poland ndi Czech Republic. Mitengoyo idadutsa bwino ntchito yopanga ndikugulitsa katundu wawo pamitengo yapakatikati pa Central European ($ 10-15 kwa matailosi 1m2). UNAS amadziwika ndi mafakitale asanu opukutira: Ceramika-koonskie, paradyz, tuczzno, tubiadun ndi kampani yakale kwambiri polcolorit.
Germany (Hoba Steel, Stesur, villeroy Boch, ophatikizidwa) ndi New Kingdom (John) Mpikisano wamtengo. Zitsanzo za ku France (kuchokera ku Cerabati fakitale ya Gruppo Marazzi) masiku ano ndi mtengo wa $ 20-25 pa 1m2.
Kum'mawa kwa Russia, matayi ochokera ku China akhala akuwonekera kwanthawi yayitali. Izi zimadziwika ndi mtundu wapamwamba (ukadaulo wa ku Italy), mtengo wotsika (ngakhale ndi mtengo wonyamula katundu, mtengo wamagawo oyambira ali $ 10 pazinthu zosangalatsa. Sipezekabe kwa gawo la verirrine la izo, koma pali chizolowezi chowonjezera kubadwa chifukwa cha mafashoni a onse akum'mawa.
Maupangiri + amagwira ntchito
Onani kuchuluka kwa matailosi oyang'anizana ndi mawonekedwe a ceramic kumachitika pamaziko a mawonekedwe angapo. Zogulitsa zamakoma zimayesedwa kuti zizilondola magawo a geometric, madzi kuyamwa ndi kukhazikika kwa kuwombera, koma osayesedwa kuvala komanso kukana chisanu.
Zogulitsa zimatsimikiziridwa ndi njira zokongola komanso zogwirira ntchito. Kubwezeretsani ndi zokongoletsa (muyezo wa en98), pamwamba pa matailosi iyenera kuwoneka yolimba. Kwa kalasi yoyamba, kukhalapo kwa 5% ya zinthu zokhala ndi chilema ndizovomerezeka. Malinga ndi zomwe zikugwira ntchito (apa zimaphatikizapo kulondola kwa miyeso, kukana matenda ankhanza, abrasion of Idr), ndikofunikira kuti magawo afotokozeretse magawo a mankhwalawa omwe ali pansipa.
Zofunikira za ukadaulo wamalungula akuyang'anizana ndi matailosi
| Zolemba zaluso | Worter Standar 6141-91 | Kupatuka kovomerezeka |
|---|---|---|
| Kutalika ndi Kutalikirana | En 98. | Zokwanira 0,8% |
| Kukula | En 98. | Zokwanira 8% (zopitilira-150mm), za malonda ochepera, 10% |
| Kuwongoka | En 98. | Zokwanira 0,8% |
| Malo | En 98. | Zokwanira 0.6% (GOST sizitanthauza) |
| Madzi Madzi | En 99. | Osaposa 16% (kwa misa ya carbonate ndi dolymuneral - osati zoposa 24%) |
| Kuwerama mphamvu | En 100. | Osachepera 15 MPA |
| Kukana kwa abrasion | En 101. | Zowonjezera 6 pa moos |
Wopanga aliyense payekha amasankha mitundu ya zinthu zake. Ogulitsa akuluakulu samakumana ndi lingaliro la kuchuluka, chifukwa zinthu zokhazokha zimawonetsedwa m'mindandanda yamtengo wapatali ya mbewu. Kuphatikiza apo, matayala ozungulira achiwiri amatuluka, monga lamulo, osati zopitilira 10%.
Wogula amakhalabe ndi chikhulupiriro kuti ayesetse katundu omwe amaperekedwa ndi wopanga kapena wogulitsa. Komabe, monga zopangidwa ndi mafakitale, pomwe makina aku Italiya ndi dongosolo la kuwongolera amatsimikiziridwa ndi mikhalidwe yapadziko lonse iso9001 kapena iso9002, simungathe kukayikira. Kupatula apo, mfundo zazikuluzikulu popanga matailosi pamaso pa mzere wamakono wogwirizira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zida zokhala ndi matekitala.
O "mutu" ndi "Panletsy"
Ogulitsa ambiri, amatamandira katundu wawo, amatchulapo dongo loyera ndi kuwonda kawiri, ndikufanizira zinthu izi ku mtundu wa zinthu zomwe zimaperekedwa. Tiyeni tiyesetse kufotokoza zomwe akulakwitsa.
Matayala kuchokera ku ofiira komanso oyera makamaka makamaka pokanikiza. Unyinji wa misa imaphatikizapo dongo lofiira kapena loyera, quartz mchenga, calcium ndi magnesium aluminosiils (minda ya minda) ndi / kapena carbonates. Malinga ndi omwe amasankhidwa kuti kusiyana kwakukulu kuyenera kukhala mtundu wa matailosi otayidwa. Kwa nkhani yoyamba, imatembenuka bulauni, mu beige yoyera kapena yoyera. Ndondomeko yayikulu ya zojambula za kulemera ili ndi mphamvu yamakina ndi mayamwidwe amadzi a chinthucho. Madzi apamwamba, amadzi ambiri amadzina ndi mphamvu zochepa. Mtundu wa zinthu za matayala amatha kutsimikizika poyesa mayamwidwe amadzi.
Kuwombera kwa ceria kumachitika pa kutentha kwa 900-1250s kwa mphindi 40-70. Kuchokera kutentha ndi nthawi ya njirayi yomwe mwapangidwe kamene kapangidwe kamene kamadalira, osati kuchokera ku gwero lalikulu kapena kuchuluka kwa kutentha. Kuphatikiza apo, kaya misayo imakhala nthawi yomweyo ndi icing (monga yowombera imodzi) kapena mosiyana ndi iyo (monga awiri) - zilibe kanthu. Ili ndi nkhani yogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje osiyanasiyana kuti akwaniritse zotsatira chimodzi. Imakula mtengo wake: Kuwotcha kwambiri, mphamvu zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndizokwera mtengo kuposa matayala.
Chifukwa chake, zogulitsa za makoma amkati zimatengera misa yofiyira kapena yoyera yopangidwa ndi kuwombera kamodzi kapena ziwiri, chifukwa, sizosiyana ndi mitundu ndi mitengo. Komabe, dongo loyera (kaolin) ndipo limakupatsani mwayi wopeza kulondola kwakukulu. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zina, mukamagwiritsa ntchito tiles sikugwiritsidwa ntchito kapena kuphimbidwa ndi zigawenga zowoneka bwino, maziko a maziko ndi ofunikira. Madits a Kalina ali ku France, Britain wamkulu ndi Germany, kotero kuti ndi dongo loyera lomwe loyera limagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ceramic.
Opanga Russia Opanga Matail a Ceramic
| Kampani | Dera | Gawani voliyumuKulima kupanga, *% |
|---|---|---|
| CJSS "Velor" | Chigawo cha Oryol | 17.5 |
| OjSSS F Valgagrac cell | Chigawo cha Valcogract | zisanu ndi zinai |
| CZSS PKF "Voronezh Ceramic chomera" | Chigawo cha Voronezh | 7.6 |
| Ojsc oscco electomegical kuphatikiza | DZIKO LAPANSI | 6.6. |
| Fakitale ya ceractic | Chigawo cha Moscow | 6.8. |
| Ojsc "nefriritics" | Dera lenirrad. | 6,1 |
| Ojsc "Chomera cha Ceramic" | Sverdlovsk dera. | 6,1 |
| Aoot "Falcon" | Chigawo cha Moscow | 5,7 |
| Ojsc "stroyfarfor" | DZIKO LAPANSI | 6.9 |
| LLC "Kuchinsky Ceramico-Tile" | Chigawo cha Moscow | 4.8. |
| CJSC "Kulumikizana" | Dera lenirrad. | 4,2 |
| Cjsc "quartz" | Dera lenirrad. | 2.6 |
| CJSSS PSKOVKISKISKISKEPOR | Chigawo cha PsKOV | 2,1 |
| CJSS "Cheboksarskaya Ceramics" | Chuvash Republic | 1,2 |
| CJSS Glebichevsky ceramic chomera | Dera lenirrad. | 1.5 |
| LLC "Kupanga kwakukulu" | Chigawo cha Moscow | 1,6 |
| Ojsc popanga zida zomangira "Nsancho" | Chigawo | 1.5 |
| CJSS piastrla | Sverdlovsk dera. | 1,7 |
| Ojsc "bunkovsky chomera cha ceramic" | Chigawo cha Moscow | 2,3. |
| Cjsc "Angserk Ceramic Centive" | Dera la Irkutsk | 0,9 |
| Osoo "Taz-Ceramics" | Chigawo cha Saara | 0,9 |
| October ceramic tiles ndi fano | Republic of Bashkortostan | 0,6 |
| Ojsc terstek | Dera la Tver | 0.8. |
| CJSS "Tomsk Zomera za Ceramic Zisonyezo ndi Zogulitsa" | Chigawo cha Tomsk | 0,3. |
| CJSS "Kirov Stroyfarfor ' | Chigawo cha Kaluga | 0.4. |
| Mafakitale a Lipetsk | Lipetsk Kudera | 0 |
| LLC OP "krasnoyarktroyrmay" | Krasnoyarsk dera | 0.1. |
| LLC "Makhalinskoe" | Chigawo cha Peza | 0.1. |
| Ojsc "bez" | Chigawo cha Moscow | 0.1. |
| Zonse: | 100 | |
| * - Malinga ndi kukhazikitsidwa chifukwa cha kuphunzira kwakukulu komanso kutchula msika wogulitsa (ITC) |
"Mafashoni"
Maukadaulo a tiile amakhala okhazikika ndipo amatanthauzira gawo lokhalo la mtengo wake. Gawo lachiwiri ndi gawo lokonzekera likhale logwira. Komabe, ndiye amene amapanga bwino malonda a chopereka (mndandanda), chifukwa chotsatira, tiles zimasankhidwa malinga ndi zokhudzana ndi zizolowezi payokha. Kodi "ceramic" amatanthauza bwanji? Malinga ndi zomwe akuwona kuti akatswiri ali pachibwenzi pakati pa zipembedzo ku Italy ndi kupanga matayala a ceramic. Zojambula zake, utoto, kapangidwe kake, m'njira zina mwanjira ina pamutu wa zinthu zosangalatsa pa nsalu ndi zovala. Ndiye kodi zochitika za nyengo yapano ndi ziti?
Mtundu waukulu. Mabwalo a 1515 masentimita sanali otchuka kwambiri. Ngati pali lalikulu, komabe, osachepera 2020 kapena 2525cm, komanso ngakhale makona abwino - 1030, 2030, 2550, 3060, 3060, 3060, 3060 masentimita. Monochrome kapena "choyandama", pomwe matani oyandikira amayenda bwino wina. Ndi mithunzi ingapo yosiyanitsa yokhala ndi zomveka, kulekanitsa malire, kapena ndi njira.
Ofukula komanso opingasa. Kwa zaka zingapo zapitazi, malingaliro okhazikika amapangidwa, matakona amakona ayenera kukhala olunjika. Amakhulupirira kuti mizere yolunjika ya munthu imazindikira kuti onse akuyenda ndi kuwaphatikiza ndi malo ake ofukula. Apotesis ya lingaliro ili ndi kusonkhanitsa kwa boiserie (30.75 / m2) kuchokera ku ceramimin grazia (Italy). Ili ndi matailosi 2080, iliyonse yomwe iri, imagawika mikwingwirima itatu. Zokongoletsera za baby zokhala ndi bamba zimakwanira ngati gawo la "mizamu" ndikuchotsa njira yopingasa. Kalembedwe kakhalidwe kakhalidwe kakhalidwe ndi zinthu zonse zofunika kwambiri za kalasi, koma osapititsa kwambiri.
Komabe, sikuti zonse ndi zosagwirizana kwambiri. Mtundu wa 1030cm udalandira kwambiri, osati iye yekha, zomwe zimathandizira kwambiri pazomwe zimayenda. Ngakhale zokongoletsera, mpaka posachedwapa, kuthamanga pa "lalifupi" mbali ya rectangle, tsopano imayamba nthawi zambiri pa "nthawi yayitali". Ceramini equramia fakitale ya modulu (36.9 / m2) imapereka njira yosinthira ku 2030 cm ya kutalika kwa zaka za 2.3 kapena 4.8 ndi kutalika kwa 30cm ( buluu, wobiriwira, lalanje, wachikasu, wofiirira). Ndi obadwa mpaka ku kutalika kwa bafa, uwu uwu udakhazikika, umasintha mawonekedwe a chipindacho, adzafalitsa danga.
Kalembedwe kakang'ono. Othandizira mu liwu limodzi amatsimikizira kuti ili ndi malo abwino kwambiri omwe ali pachibwenzi m'mabamu, mwachidule. Fakitale ya Naxos adayankha pazomwe zimachitika kwa makasitomala atsopano (matailosi atsopano). Matayala a mawonekedwe a mafashoni 11,133.3CM yoyenera vertically, yopingasa kapena yochepa. Mitundu ya Jamajka yochokera ku Opoczno (Poland, 3045cm) ndi miniti yocheperako: Zingwe zoyera komanso zamkati zakuda.
Zithunzithunzi zojambulajambula pa tale masiku ano sizodziwika. Pomwe mutu wa FLORRISTIC umapangidwa pano. Zokonda zimaperekedwa ku mtundu wowala, wokwanitsidwa komanso wamoyo. Zomwe zikuchitika kwa makampani aku Italiya, Ceramica Bardellli, Ariana, Siponta adadziwika kale. Kutolere kwa codice kuchokera ku koloko Concorde (17 / M2) ndikupitiliza kuyesa kwa zoyeserera ndi "kufanana" kwakukulu. Narcissus achotsedwa pa zokongoletsera! Chithunzicho chimayikidwa pagalasi loonda, pamwamba pomwe imodzi, kalasi yagalasi - chifukwa cha chithunzichi amapeza kuya, momwe zimakhalira.
Thandizo laumoyo. Amadziwika kuti kulankhulana ndi njira yolumikizira ndi njira imodzi yomwe ingadziwire padziko lapansi. Ndipo, monga akatswiri azamisala akhala akutsimikiziridwa kwa nthawi yayitali, osagwira bwino kuposa auniovisy. Kusonkhanitsidwa kwa ceramilis kuchokera ku ceramimi di imola (kuyambira 23,7 / m2, kukula 2550cm) adapangidwa pansi pa chithunzi cha zojambula zaka za zana la makumi awiri. Kusonkhana pamodzi, anthu amasangalala kuzindikira mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana kuti angokhudza. Kukhazikika, kusagwirizana ndi manyowa kumapereka mwayi ndi sing'anga "kumayankhula ndi munthu. Mutha kukhala onyenga kuti muchite kansalu ngakhale ndi nsalu yofewa (!). Katundu wina wa njira zotsatila za Ariana (24 / M2), ofanana ndi "pepala loponderezedwa" (matedi-540, 525 masentimita).
Pakuyang'anizana pansi ndi makoma a bafa simafuna matayala ndi kuvala kowonjezereka. Komabe, kulumikizana kwake ndi zodzikongoletsera zosiyanasiyana kapena zotupa ndi mkwiyo winawake. Chifukwa chake, kusankha kuyenera kuchitika mokomera ceramics amene angatsutse zovuta.
Utoto. Tili ndi nyengo, amatha kukhala onse okwera, "kuneneka" ndi pastel, kusungunuka, zofewa. Kuphatikiza kwamtundu - kusiyanitsa, kosangalatsa, kogwira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, mwachitsanzo, zobiriwira zoyera komanso zakuda mu bamba la Erera wa ku Spain . Chowunikira kwa nkhani zomaliza - gawo lalikulu, ngati kuti mwasankha pazidutswa zazing'ono.
Palinso mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso yochepa thupi. Becolour factory elilcuoghi (37.8 / m2) imakupatsani mwayi wosewera ndi mgwirizano wapadera. Zosonkhanitsa zimakhala ndi matailosi amithunzi 17, mafomu awiri (1030, 2020cm) ndi mitundu itatu. Kwa iwo omwe safuna kukhala ndi nthawi yoyeserera, wopanga amapereka njira zoyambira 40.
Zipangizo zotsatsa - chiphaso china chodziwika bwino. Zisankho zosayembekezereka zidafotokozedwa ndi gulu la Russia "Kerama". Zogulitsa kuchokera ku zosonkhanitsa "Varan" (kuchokera ku 300 Rubles / M2) kukhala ndi malo owoneka bwino omwe amatulutsa mawonekedwe a khungu. Makina amtundu wakumbuyo wa 2030cm amayimiriridwa munthaka zakuda ndi zoyera, zinthu zokongoletsera zokongoletsera zimakhala ndi galasi. Malire a Malire - 420 ndi 620cm. Series Madrigal kuchokera ku Pernda (Spain, 23 / M2) ndi buku lenileni la Beige Thige Unige. Zovala zokhala ndi zojambula zopangira zingwe zobiriwira zobiriwira zobiriwira ndipo zimafanana ndi mitsinje ya madzi amoyo, kuthyola mphesa. Mbari Yatsopano yopangidwa ndi Ceramimir Ricchetti (Italy, 23.9 / M2) ndi pseratic preeramiomisis, komwe kujambula kwachilichonse kumalidulidwe 204 yaying'ono.
Maulesi atsopano amatha kukonzekera zokongoletsera zosayembekezereka poyang'aniridwa ndi maderamu wamba kwambiri. Kutolera katswiri wopezeka ku Spain ku Persanda (24 / M2) kumaphatikizaponso ma tale achikhalidwe, kumatsanzira ma carbyky a ma carbyky ndi mitsempha yopanda imvi. Koma atangokhalira kuwonjezeredwa ndi chithunzi cha maluwa, chimasinthidwa osazindikira. Maluwa othandiza ndi zimayambira, kusefukira, kutulutsa matabwa, ndikupanga mawu ena. Posachedwa, dziko lonse linakondweretsedwa ndi kuchotsedwa kwa mitundu yatsopano ya maluwa a maluwa, omwe amatha kuphuka osati m'malo owonjezera kutentha, komanso wamba, m'nyumba wamba. Tsopano ivonyashi ya ku Spain pamapeto "adalowerera" mfumukazi ".
Ndipo ndi chiyani chimenecho? Kupanga maluwa kapena kuwukira kwa tizilombo? Zogulitsa kuchokera ku cromocatica ya Ekolcuoghi (26.2 / M2) ndizowoneka bwino kwambiri za kapangidwe ka mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe owuma kwambiri.
Kapangidwe ka phindu la matailosi omwe adayitanitsa
| Chinthu chamtengo | Gawani,% |
|---|---|
| Ndalama zonse | 100 |
| Ntchito | fifitini |
| Tsitsi (115%) | makumi awiri |
| Malipilo | 10-15 |
| Mtengo womaliza umatsatira ndalama zoyendera ndi zolipira | 153. |
| The Onelesele Tchiop | 25-5. |
| Mtengo Wawo Wogulitsa | 1858. |
| Kugulitsa | 10-25. |
| Mtengo wapa ritelo | 185-3. |
Mtengo Wofunsa
Kufotokozera kwa wogula komwe mtengo woyang'ana ku bafa udzapezeka chifukwa chochulukitsa kwa mtengo wa matanga am'mbuyo m'makoma, sizabwino. Ndikofunikira kuti mudziwe mtengo wa zokongoletsera. Mtengo wa mita imodzi ichulukidwe ndi 30% pankhani ya kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu za Russia, komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito kawiri. Izi zikufotokozedwa chifukwa chakuti matako okongoletsera nthawi zambiri amakhala ochulukirapo kuposa kuwerengera 1M2. Mwachitsanzo, chinthu chokongoletsera chopanga nyumba kukula 620cm pamtengo pafupifupi $ 1,2 ndi 1m2 ndalama $ 96 (ya mtengo "Mbali" Mbiri "Mbiri 8). Zachidziwikire, malo okwezeka, otsika mtengo wake pa malo ake ndi mtengo wake. Zitha kuwoneka kuti ubale wolunjika pakati pa mtengo wa zinthu za aliyense komanso mtengo womaliza woperekera. Koma nayi chitsanzo: mafayilo a 2m 2020cm 2020cm okwanira $ 20 pa 1M2 amalekanitsidwa ndi kupindika kwa matailosi asanu kukula 520cm $ 8. Mukakhala ndi kuwerengera kosavuta, timapeza kuwonjezeka kowirikiza kawiri konse pakubwera kwathunthu. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti katundu wokwera mtengo kwambiri komanso wa Neoclassical (maofesi a Borders, Zolinga Zokongoletsa).
Pali malingaliro osakhazikika kuti mndandanda wazomwe zalembedwa ndi bizinesi yaying'ono idzakhala yokwera mtengo kuposa zopereka zambiri. Sizikhala choncho nthawi zonse. Opanga zazikulu zakunja amapangitsa kuti "maziko", ndipo zinthu zokongoletsera zimalamulidwa kwa otumiza thandizo, ndichifukwa chake mtengo wake wa zinthu izi ukuchulukirachulukira. Mafakitale ang'onoang'ono ndi ang'onoang'ono amasunga mtengo pa zokongoletsera zochulukirapo kuti muwonjezere phindu. Chifukwa chake fanizo losavuta pano silingalire. Kuti mukonze kusankha, lingalirani za kuyerekezera kwakukulu. Mwachitsanzo, pamtengo wotsika "wokongoletsera fakitale, Marazz atha kukhala okwera mtengo kuposa kukongoletsa kokhoma kochokera ku Tagina.
Otsatsa amathokoza distu studio, "Lira Stamitics", "Primith Cerimics", "Kerama", "Miziteri", "Shik", Maofesi oyimilira a Makampani Tau ndi atlas atcheru kuti akuthandizeni kukonzekeretsa zinthuzo.