Kusambira Kwambiri ku Bound Home ": mitundu yogwiritsidwa ntchito, mfundo zokhazikitsa. Zowonjezera zina.
(Kaldewei)
Malo osambira akulu ayenera kusankhidwa kuntchito yomanga.
Socket of Semi-tokha node kusefukira
Kudzaza kusamba kudutsa dzenje la madzi osefukira, chipangizo cholumikizira madzi chidzafunikire, pomwe chosakaniza (chopanda spin) chitha kuyikika pamalo ena osavuta.
Ochah, ndi mapanelo a kumbali ya kusamba kwa magnum kuchokera ku "Astro-Forms" amapangidwa ndi chitsulo
Zojambula zokongoletsera zokongoletsera zokongoletsera zimayikidwa pamiyendo yomwe imatha kusintha kutalika
Masamba a acrylic amapatsidwa mafelemu omwe amatha kusintha kutalika. Izi zimakupatsani mwayi kukhazikitsa malonda ngakhale osagwirizana.
Chimbudzi cha US sichikhala lalikulu kwambiri, koma gawo lija linanyenga padziko lonse lapansi komwe kuli chiyero ndi chitonthozo. Ambiri amayamba kupereka uthenga wawo "wowongolera madzi" kuchokera kusamba kwakukulu. Tinena nkhani iyi yokhudza mitundu yawo, opanga ndi mtengo. Tidzayesa kuthetsa malingaliro ena omwe apanga kuzungulira mibadwo yatsopano.
Sambale - miyambo yakale kwambiri, yomwe idachokera m'maiko omwe ali ndi nyengo yotentha. Armenia Egypt, Greece ndi Roma adayimirirabe m'masamba oletsedwa ku chida cholimba kapena kuponyedwa pamkuwa kapena siliva. Koma ku Europe kukagwira anthu akunja, anthu akusamba ... adayima. Mwambiri, mu Middle Ages, anali lingaliro loti madzi ndi kuwononga khungu ndikufalitsa matendawa. Popita nthawi, mbiya yamatabwa idayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mbiya yamatabwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito osamba "patchuthi", komwe adatsekedwa pomwepo yoggy. Zokongola zolemera zimakonda kukhala wolakwa kapena, malinga ndi mtundu wa Mfumukazi ya ku Aiguputo ya Cloopatra, mkaka. Koma chizolowezi chomwe chimasamba nthawi zonse sichinakhalepo mpaka m'zaka za XVIII.
Chizolowezi chamakono chochita chidwi cha tsiku ndi tsiku louisvikxv Madame Pome Pom Pompadur, chifukwa cha njirayi yakhala mafashoni ndikulowa tsiku ndi tsiku. Zingwe zosavomerezeka za zinc kapena zamkuwa zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta m'madzi oyambira patebulo. Nyumba Zaka Zaka 100 zaku Europe za ku Europe zidayamba kukonzekera bafa ndi madzi.
Ponyani tini tining
Malo osambiramo omwe adatulutsidwa theka lachiwiri la zaka za XIX akadali otchuka kwambiri. Njira yopangira kwawo sizinasinthe kuchoka nthawi yakutali, koma lero matekinoloje amakono amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupeza malo abwinoko. Poyamba, chitsulo chomwe chagwidwa chimapangidwa mwa mawonekedwe. Kuwononga sikelo ndi osagwirizana, zomwe zimachitika zimachitidwa ndi makina owombera. Kuonetsetsa enamel enamel okhala ndi zitsulo, opanga ku Europe ku Europe amagwiritsanso ntchito zowonjezera "zakuthwa" za kusamba ndi zilonda zazitsulo.Khalidwe la enamel ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri lomwe limatsimikizira nthawi ya ntchito yamalonda. Mwachitsanzo, popanga zapakhomo ndi mchere wa enamel, ziphuphu zimayambitsidwa, motero mitundu yathu imakhala ndi "yotayirira", ndikosavuta kuzikayika. Kununkhira kwaperekedwa kotsika mtengo chitsulo cha iron ku Turkey: enamel awo nthawi zambiri amawonongeka chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa ma Clack, ndipo ming'alu yobisika imatha kuchitika mu chdungy.
Kuphatikiza pa zomera za ku Russia ndi ku Turkey, zokhala ndi chitsulo zophatikizika zimatulutsa roca (Spain), Kaldewei (Germany), Hermany), Jacob deafon (France), Recher). Mitundu yolowetsedwa imapangidwa ndi yowonda Inner Inron Inron (pafupifupi 5mm wandiweyani) ndikuphimba enamel apamwamba kwambiri. Pamtunda wogawika kudzera mu sume yapadera, gawo losalala limathiridwa ufa, pomwe enamel atembenukira ku enamel. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito enamel, katswiri akuyang'ana, ndipo ngati alemba kuti zokutira sizimapezeka kamvekedwe ka (kwinakwake), penapake "zofooka" zowonjezerapo malo owonjezera. Ufa wathunthu umaphatikizapo mchere wa Titan, womwe umapangitsa enamel osalala ndikusokoneza. Mtundu wazofanana wa European ku Europe ya Chitsulo ndi chimodzimodzi, koma a Spain ali ndi enamel cjonl mthunzi wowoneka bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja zimadziwika ndi misa yaying'ono (120-130 kg) ndipo zimakhazikitsidwa pamiyendo yokhotakhota (mitundu yaku Russia imamalizidwanso lero ndi miyendo).
M'tsogolomu, zitsanzo zimaperekedwa pamsika wathu, zamakono ndi kapangidwe kake, komanso zida. Tiyeni tisambe 17085cm of the Airo mndandanda (kuchokera $ 400) ya fakitale ya roca ili ndi zokutira za lacquer yomwe imapangitsa kuti mbale yamkati ikhale yosalala, ndipo ili ndi mutu, mapepala a chrome olima, komanso monga kusefukira. Voliyumu (18090cm) Super Repros Exros (kuyambira $ 700) kuchokera kwa Yakobo delafon, kupatula masitepe abwino, ndipo kumapeto kwake mutha kuyika osakanizira mabowo atatu ndikusamba angathe ndi payipi yobisika. Ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi muyeso zimaponyera mitsuko osamba bwino kwa ife (kuyambira $ 600) kuchokera pa porchar wokhala ndi mpando ndi ma hairrail. Mlingo wa Romaine wa (180866cm) umakulolani kuti mulowemo molimbika. Dziwani kuti: "Wowuma" kulemera kwa kusamba kotereku, yomwe ili ndi madzi 215l, ndi 126kg yokha.
Ponena za mtengo wake, kenako kwa mtundu wazomwe zimapangidwa ku Kirovsky, Perm kapena Novokuzk chomera iyenera kutaya $ 100-130. Zosavuta kwambiri ku Europe zopanda zida zopanda zida kapena zowonjezera zimawononga $ 150-200. Kutalika kwa maola ochepa mpaka kumatenga pafupifupi $ 20-35, manja amkati a chrome - ena $ 50-90, miyendo-imathandizira - $ 30-60. Kuti mupeze zitsanzo za kalasi latonthozo, muyenera kulipira kuchokera $ 300 mpaka $ 500. Mwachitsanzo, mtengo wa metropole moder (17070cm) kuchokera ku chimanga ndi zokutira mkati, zingwe za anti-skid-skid-spid. Inachepa (14070cm yaying'ono) Kuba kwa Jacob delafon, yokhala ndi miyendo, imawononga $ 240. Zogulitsa zomwe zili ndi zida zokhala bwino zamkati ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri, chifukwa ndikupanga kwawo kuli kosagwirizana. Arsares akusamba kuchokera kwa Jacob delafon ndi miyeso ya 17080cm, oyimitsidwa ndi ma arporson ndi ma handles a chrome adzawononga $ 500. Mtengo wa zovuta, mitundu yachilendo ya gulu la delux imatha kufikira $ 2000-3000.
Malo osambira chitsulo
Njira ina yabwino kwambiri yothitsira mitanda - chitsulo chosasangalatsa. Ndiosavuta komanso pafupifupi 40% yotsika mtengo. Mitundu yotereyi ndi yoyenera kukhazikitsa nyumba zakale, pomwe katundu wambiri wonyezimira ali ndi malire; Ndizolimba kwambiri komanso zabwino, misa yawo pafupifupi 25-30 kg (yokhala ndi makulidwe a makoma a 2.5-3m), ndipo moyo wa ntchito ndi waukulu (zaka 25-30). Maloto ovomerezeka kuchokera ku chitsulo, malo osambira achitsulo akuwotcha mwachangu: musanakwere mkati, ndikokwanira kutsuka mbale yamadzi otentha kuchokera kukasamba. Kuchokera pamapepala osapanga dzimbiri, njira yolumikizira imapanga kapangidwe kake kosiyanasiyana - kuchokera ku calkic makona, ndi chiwiya chosavuta chotchinga, kwa anthu awiri. Lero mu sallons osalunjika Mutha kugula mitundu ya Ariston (Italy), Kaldewei (Spain), Ido (Spaden). Zogulitsa zopangidwa ndi chitsulo zimapanganso Yakobo delafon, porcher ndi roca. Mtengo wachitsulo umatengera makulidwe a chitsulo chachiwiri, pomwe chimapangidwa, ndipo zovuta za mawonekedwe. Kuvomerezedwa ndi kusamala kwa enamel (yokutidwa ndi ma network a ming'alu yaying'ono) ndikoyenera kokha pokhudzana ndi zojambulajambula zopangidwa ndi pepala loonda (1.5-2.5 mm). Makoma a bedi la 1.5 mm adzasiyidwa akadzaza, ndipo popita nthawi, enamel adzayamba kusweka. Ngati gawo lonse (17070cm) losefukira limalemera 20 kg okha, zikutanthauza kuti makoma ake amakhala ndi makulidwe osakwanira ndipo adzakhalitsa. Zogulitsa zapamwamba zimatulutsa zitsulo za 3.5-millimeter. Quartz Enamel ndi enieni mu pepala lachitsulo ndipo silikusaka (mosiyana ndi chilala chojambulidwa ndi zitsulo zina). Kusambira kotereku kuli pafupifupi 30-50kk (ndi nkhumba - iron - 100-120kg). Chitsimikizo chaperekedwa kwa zaka 30.
Zokhudza kuzizira kwambiri kwamadzi mu bafa lachitsulo zimakokomeza kwambiri. Popeza kuchititsa kutentha kwa chitsulo komanso chitsulo kumakhala kofanana, nthawi yozizira imangotengera makulidwe a makoma a chinthucho: Kusiyana kwa ola limodzi kumachepetsa kutentha kwa madzi mu 1c.
Tsankho lina, lokhazikika lozungulira chitsulo: Kusamba kodzazidwa ndi madzi kumayambitsa. M'malo mwake, njira zingapo zoyambira zomwe zapezeka kuti zitheke kuti zithetse kuchepa kumeneku pokhazikitsa malonda. M'mbuyomu, malo osambiramo achitsulo omwe adaperekedwa kuti akhazikitse pansi pamchenga. Tsopano kumveketsa bwino komanso kusamalira kutentha kwa madzi kusamba kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndikuyika chithovu. Kuphatikiza apo, opanga ena amapereka odana ndi zotsutsana ndi mitundu yawo. Mwachitsanzo, kusamba kwachitsulo kochokera ku Kaldewei, mutha kugula choyimitsidwa kuchokera ku styrene-zinthu zofanana ndi chithovu. Kuyimilira kumayikidwa mwachindunji mpaka kufinya, kumakhala ndi mawindo a kukhetsa ndi chingwe chosakanizira ndipo chimapangidwa mwachindunji. Kusamba pawokha kuli poyimilira, kupeza zambiri komanso kukhazikika kowonjezereka.
Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri za mtunduwo (ndi mitengo) ya kusamba kwachitsulo ndikugwira ntchito yake, ndiye kuti, zokutira zenizeni. Wophunzira Wophunzira Enamel, monga lamulo, ndi wokulirapo katatu. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha ntchito yawo, momwe enamel amagwiritsidwira ntchito mapepala a 5. Zotsatira za zokutira ndizazikulu kwambiri, zomwe mwakokha sizopindulitsa: M'malo mwake, enamel, omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu, kukana kwake. Pochita izi, izi zimabweretsa kuti zinthu zopangidwa ndi chitsulo nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi tchipisi pansi. Kuldeweli amapangitsa enamel owonda ndi olimba pa thupi lonse (mbali yakunja imakonzedwa ndi enamel apadera), osawopa mantha, kusefukiratu komanso kutsukidwa ndi katundu wamba kuti asamalire matayala ndi galasi.
Mitundu yachitsulo yokhazikika ya kupanga mawonekedwe a zinthu zapakhomo (Lipetsk, Verkhnevsky), komanso bizinesi ya Ukraine "Luganskemal" idzawononga $ 50-70. Mtengo wa zitsanzo za zitsanzo za ku Europe ndi kuchokera pa $ 150-200. Zogulitsa m'gulu la chitonthozo (kukula kwa 190100cm, ndi zowonjezera kusamba kapena zotayika kapena zotayika kapena zopanga) zotsala 5000 mpaka 3000 ndi 3000 ndi 3000 ndi kupitilira.
Kusamba kochokera kwa acryla
Kukhala wolondola, ndiye kuti mawu wamba "a acrylic sicholondola kwathunthu. Nthawi zambiri amakamba za zinthu zopangidwa ndi polymethyl methacrytete. Ichi ndi chopanga polymer, chomwe chimagwirizana ndi gulu la a thermoplastics omwe amatha kutentha mpaka kufewetsa ndikupanga mawonekedwe ake, komanso atakhazikika. Zinthuzo zimatchedwa ma acmbing ac. Chifukwa chake, pofuna kuti musasokonezedwe, mu ulaliki wotsatirawu tidzagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "ma acrylic osamba".
Masamba a ma acrylic - chikhumbo cha Europe, ngakhale zambirimbiri zinthuzi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posasamba pallet ndipo, makamaka, kwa machubu otentha. Europe yokhala ndi chisangalalo chachikulu chasinthira ku Acaryl, lomwe limadziwika nalo zaka 30. Mitundu ya acrylic ya Unilylic anali ponseponse m'zaka 10 zapitazi, ndipo tsopano malo ogulitsira akunjenjemera ndi malo ogulitsira komanso zitsanzo zapakhomo.
Acryl pazomwe zimawonekera, koma kusamba, ma a ma a aeryy oyera oyera omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ufa wapadera womwe umapangitsa kuti ukhale mtundu komanso wopatsira amawonjezeredwa potulutsa mapepala a acrylic. Chifukwa chake, mawonekedwe a zinthu za acrylic ndi maso, kuwalako kumasefukira ndikusewera.
Njira yopangira masanjidwe imakhala ndi magawo angapo. Kuti mupange kuchuluka kwa mawonekedwe omwe mukufuna, mawonekedwe a thermopallium kapena vacuum amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mapepala a acrylic a ma 4-5mg amatenthedwa mpaka 130-160s, omwe amapangitsa kuti ikhale yovuta komanso yotanuka, kenako ndikupanga nkhungu, kenako ndikukhazikika. Gawo lachiwiri lofunikira ndikulimbikitsira ntchito yogwira ntchito. Kuti muchite izi, kusamba kuchokera kumbali yakunja kumakutidwa ndi chisakanizo cha epoxy (kapena polyester) utoto ndi fiberglass (zodulira). Mokwanira, osakaniza amapereka chowuma ndi mphamvu. Kuti mudziwe zosakanikirana ndi kusakaniza kwa mkati ndi pansi, kusamba kumawuma pakugwedezeka kwamafuta. Kuchokera kwa opanga zapakhomo, kukhazikitsa kumeneku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Anrilan ndi Doctor Jet. Kenako, m'mphepete mwa mbale ya acrylic imadulidwa, ndikuchotsa ndege zonenepa ndipo potero. Zigawo zolimbikitsira kwambiri, zodalirika komanso kusamba kolimba. Popeza chilichonse chimafunikira kuyanika, ntchito yonse yopanga bwino malonda amatha kufikira maola 24. Chifukwa chake, ndikuwonjezeka kuchuluka kwa zigawo zolimbitsa, mtengo wa kusamba womwe ukukula.
Kuti apange mitundu yovuta ya mafomu, a acrylic ambiri amafunikira, ndipo pakati pa ma acrylics ndi odalirika, omwe ali wolimba mtima, koma sakuwumbidwa mosavuta. Chifukwa chake pano mwina kapangidwe kake kake, kapena kuvala kwakukulu kuvala - china.
Tsitsani tsamba maef a maef a ma acrylic) - zinthu ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri, ndipo zosambira zochokera pamapepala 4 ndi 6mm omwe ali ndi mikhalidwe yofanana imasiyana katatu kapena katatu. Opanga ena (Teuco, Guzzini, Dokotala Jet Idr Idr) pamodzi ndi ma acymective a ma acrymec actrict, monga awiri-osanjikiza a pulasitiki awiri ndi makulidwe a 4 mpaka 8 mm. Tsamba la pulasitiki pamwamba, mbali yakutsogolo kwa ma acrylic (osanjikiza 1-1,5mm), ndi otsika, onyamula mafuta okwera, kuchokera pa pulasitiki yolimba (mokwanira nenani kuti imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma bupu agalimoto). Komabe, kusamba kuwumba, kuwonongeka kwa acrylic kumakhala koonda, ndipo kuwonongeka kwa makina osasinthika kumatha kulumikizana ndi pulasitiki ya pulasitiki, yomwe kenako, zinthu zopanda chinyezi.
Chifukwa chake, makoma a malonda ndi "sangweji" kuchokera ku acrylic (2-4mm) ndi ma plucstics (4-6mm). Mphepo ya pulasitiki yovuta imakutidwa ndi osanjikiza a polyester ndikupeza fiberglass (4mm), kutsatiridwa ndi pulasitiki yapadera kuti mupange kutentha ndi kutulutsa kwazinthu, ndiye chinsinsi cha kampani). Wonyamula wosamba amapatsa kusamba kokhazikika ndi kukhazikika, kumakuthandizani kuti mupange mitundu yowonjezera ndikupanga mawonekedwe owoneka bwino (omwe ali ovuta kwambiri ngati kuthana ndi acrylic). Zinthu zodziwika bwino zodzaza, kumangirira ndi mbali panthawi yogwiritsa ntchito zosakanikirana zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi ma sheet a DSV (miyendo yosamba nthawi zambiri imaphatikizidwa kwa iwo). Chifukwa chake, kufanana kwa kufalitsa katundu m'thupi kumatsimikiziridwa, kotero kuti pansi, kapena mbali zonse zatha. Mitundu ya a ABYL imapanga mitundu ya anthu kunja kwa phokoso siimasiyana ndi ma acric azikhalidwe komanso kukhala ndi zabwino zomwezo.
Kusamba kwa kolala kuli ndi maubwino ena opanda malire. Kulemera koyambirira (20-45kg kokha, kutengera kukula), komwe kumathandizira mayendedwe ake ndi kukhazikitsa kwake. Kachiwiri wogontha mawu atadzaza, chifukwa acrylic ndi zinthu zokongola kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, mabakiteriya samachulukitsidwa mosavuta ndi acrylic, omwe ndi ofunikira kuti malonda azilumikizana pafupipafupi ndi madzi. Mtundu Wamphamvu kwambiri womwe umakondweretsa ogwiritsa ntchito (okonda kukhala mbali kapena kuwuluka mu bafa kuti asambe), - mbale ya acrylic imatha kukhudza! Cholinga cha zinthu zosavuta izi zili ndi mawonekedwe ochepetsetsa.
Chipatala, acrylic amasiyana ndi malo abwino: Pa kusamba kotereku simungafooketse, pamalo ake ndikosavuta kukwawa, ndipo ndudu yokutidwa imatha kusungunuka. Zosangalatsa ndizosasangalatsa, zomwe, ngakhale zili zotsimikizika za opanga (acrylic ndi mphamvu zambiri, ndipo ngati chinthu cholemera chizikhalapo), sikuti chimatha. Nthawi zambiri, koma zimachitika chifukwa chodutsa madzi.
Komabe, chisamaliro cha ma acrylic chimaphatikizapo kubwezeretsa kokwanira kwa mtundu wake woyamba ngakhale kuwonongeka kwakukulu. Mtundu wofunikira wosamba ndi kuthekera kochotsa ziphuphu (pokhapokha za zitsanzo zochokera ku jakisoni), mopepuka nthawi yayitali pansi, ndi madontho. Akatswiri amagwiritsa ntchito pepala la "lodekha" la Emery, ndikulizidwa mosamala, kenako ndikukonzanso zonunkhira za phala lopukutira. Njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri yodzigwiritsira ntchito ndikugwiritsa ntchito nsalu yofewa ndi mano. Koma izi sizitanthauza kuti mu kusamba kwa acrylic mutha kusambitsa galu - kuchokera ku ziweto kumapitilira zomwe sizikulongosola. Sizingalimbikitsidwe kutengera njira imeneyi, popeza acrylic osanjikiza a acrylic akuwonda kwambiri chifukwa cha ntchito iliyonse.
Mtengo Wogulitsa wa ma acrylic ndi wokulirapo, ndipo makampani ambiri amaperekedwa pamsika waku Russia, kupanga mtundu uwu kuposa iwo omwe akuchita zotulutsa kapena zopangidwa ndi chitsulo. Pulogalamu ya acrylic acrylic tsopano ikupereka opanga zazikulu: Albatros, a Aclizazi, Tuschuf, Duslec ), Pool-spa (fakitale ndi wa Spanish Roca), komanso svedbergs, Ido, kuda nkhawa zapadziko lonse lapansi. Malo osambira Sanotec amatenga pafupifupi $ 250; Zogulitsa zapakhomo Cacon-Class Class imaphatikizapo zinthu za kampani yaku Germany yoyenera komanso ku Austria Pampas yofunika pafupifupi $ 400-500. Proces Proces Albatros fakitale (Italy) ndi villeroy Boch (Germany) sinthani malinga ndi gulu (kalasi) lazinthu kuchokera $ 700 mpaka $ 2500. Chitsimikizo pa acrylic - 1 chaka.
Pali lingaliro la "mtengo wolimbikitsidwa" womwe wopanga umapereka, ndi malo ogulitsira ndi misika yayikulu. Amapereka coupon yotsimikizika yogulira (milungu iwiri) ndikupereka ntchito za ntchito. Kuchokera pakusamba kwa msika wotsika mtengo ndikwabwino kukana, nthawi zambiri palibe mangawa pa izi, palibe chomwe anganene pankhani ya kuwongolera. "
Zipangizo Zophatikizika
Kuphatikiza pa zinthu zodziwika bwino zomwe zafotokozedwa pamwambapa, zomwe zimatchedwa kuti zida zophatikizika zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga malo osambira lero ndi kuwonjezera kwa mawonekedwe achilengedwe (rumb ya mwala).Katundu wa jaleble (kapena Polymerbeton) akuwoneka ngati mwala wachilengedwe: zitsanzo zodziwika kwambiri ndi Malachite, Onyx, marble. Malo osambira izi ndi olimba, osagwirizana ndi zinthu zakunja, kupezeka kwa mawanga, mabakiteriya, koma, monga ma poizoni ena amawopa Abrasis. Zimapangitsa zinthu zilizonse, zomwe zimakhudza mafomuwo, mawonekedwe amiyala komanso yopingasa, mbale zosiyanasiyana kapena zikhalidwe zamakena zimaperekedwa. Kusamba kwa Ktaka mutha kusankha malo onse ogulitsa kuchokera ku marble nthawi imodzi. Mwachitsanzo, "tekinoloji yatsopano +", "onyx-polymer" imapereka mayankho ofananawo mkati mwa bafa. Zogulitsa zapakhomo, zotengera kupezeka kwawo (apa chisankhocho ndi chachikulu) mtengo kuchokera $ 250, koma makope akunja ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri ndipo kutengera mtunduwo amawononga $ 600-1500.
Monga kuti kuyesetsa kuyanjanitsa mafani a chitsulo cholimba ndi kusamba kotentha ma acrylic, neldewei adapanga zitsanzo kuchokera pazomwe zimatchedwa StraryLe (Night). Malo ogwirira ntchito oterewa ndi a ma aclic apamwamba, ndipo pansipa ndi mawonekedwe olimba, opangidwa ndi chitsulo chimodzi. Onse awiriwa "zipolopolo" zimaponderezedwa kudzera mu gawo lapadera lomwe lili ndi matani 500 kwa matani 500 kwa maola angapo, ndipo limakhala chete, nyumba zokhazikika, nyumba zokhala ndi anthu omwe amakonda kwambiri. Ndipo nthawi yomweyo amayamikiridwa kukhazikika ndi zabwino. Mitengo yosamba kuchokera ku Startilan ndi 20-30% kuposa chitsulo.
Kupanga kwa villeroy Boch-gerseil (kapena kvaril) atha kutchulidwa kuti ndi omwe ndi osakaniza a ma acrtic okhala ndi ma quartz, omwe osakaniza (osakaniza a quartz amaponyedwa mu mawonekedwe a galasi , ndipo chomalizidwa chimachotsedwa). Malo osambira olemera ndi olemera kuposa acrylic, koma osavuta kuponya chitsulo ndikupangidwa ndi marble, omwe amasambitsa kukhazikitsa kwawo ndikuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kuwonongeka poyendetsa ndi kukhazikitsa. Tithokoze kwa kuphatikiza kwa quartz, mtundu wa caryil sufunika kulimbikitsidwa ngati acrylic, ndipo makulidwe amapitilira. Karil ali ndi malo othandiza kwambiri othandiza, motero amasangalala ndi kukhudza (kusamba kumakhazikika pang'onopang'ono). Chifukwa chakuti mtembo wa COaril womwe wakwera kwambiri, makoma ake ali oyenera kuchita pafupifupi ndi okhwima, kotero kuti malo otsetsereka ndi chitsulo ndi acrylic siofunikira pano. Izi zimatanthawuza kuchuluka kosiyana kwamkati. Mitundu Yachitsanzo 18080cm idzayamba kukhala itatsala pang'ono kuyimirira miyendo (pankhani ya aerlic, ndizotheka kutalika kwa 200cm). Ndiye kuti, ndi kukula kwapakatikati, mbale ya zokangakazo ikhala yovuta kwambiri kuchokera mkati. Palibe malo osambira $ 1000 kuchokera ku quaarila. Okopera omwe amaperekedwa ku Russia nthawi zambiri amakhala chifukwa chogwirizana ndi opanga anzawo odziwika bwino, motero wogula sayenera kulipira ukadaulo wogwiritsira ntchito molimbika, komanso dzina lalikulu. Komabe, chimbudzi chimbudzi ndi kumira sizipangidwa, ndipo chifukwa chake, kusankha koyenera kutsikira kwamtundu ndi kapangidwe kumayambitsa zovuta zina.
Big ndi yaying'ono
Mwambiri, ndi malo osambiramo osamba, malo omwe amagawidwayo amakupatsani mwayi wokhazikitsa malonda ndi 120cm (njira yofala), kapena 170-cardimeter ". Koma izi sizitanthauza kuti kusaka kwa kusamba kosatha kapena, motsutsana, kutalika kwa 180 kapena ngakhale 190cm kudzakhala kovuta. M'malo mwake, nthawi zambiri mtundu wa kapangidwe womwewo umachitidwa m'mabaibulo angapo, kuti wogula ndiwosavuta kusankha "apilo" yoyenera.
Kusamba nthawi yayitali ndikonso chinthu chofunikira kwambiri, makamaka kwa "chachikulu". Nthawi zambiri, zomwe zimapangidwanso, ndizopambana kwambiri: ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 1000, ndi ma cm 75 cm, ndipo kutalika kwa 80-90 masentimita.
Onetsetsani kuti mwalingalira za ergonomic gawo lina: Muyenera kukhala omasuka kusamba. Popeza sizimayesa pasadakhale, ndizotheka kudziwa nokha ndi masamu osavuta kwambiri, kusankha kukula pansi paukukula ndi zizolowezi. Kusamba kowopsa (zoposa 170cm) poyambira theka la munthu wokwera, ndipo wopambana wa kutalika kwapakatikati "mkati mwake ndi mutu pansi pa madzi. Malo osakwanira theka ndi abwino pokhapokha ngati pali kuyimitsidwa kwa miyendo (kusiyanasiyana kwa mtundu wafupi), komabe, m'malo oterewa ndikovuta kukwaniritsa mpumulo. Komabe, osati kuwuma, madzi mu mbale ayenera kukhala apamwamba, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kusamba kuyenera kukhala ndi kutalika kokwanira (kopitilira 50 cm).
Nthawi zambiri zinthu za acaclic ndizokwera (56-60cm) kuposa chitsulo komanso chitsulo, ndipo ali ndi voliyumu yambiri. Kusamba kotereku ndi kukula kwa 17070cm ndi kutalika kwa 60cm kuli ndi malita 250 a madzi, kuchuluka kwa mtundu wa angular (34154cm) - 300l. Mitengo yokhazikika ya bafa yachitsulo ndi ndalama zofanana (17070cm yomweyo), koma kutalika kochepa ndi pafupifupi 150l; Nthawi ya 17080cm - 200l. Komabe, mlandu pano sikuti mu makoma okha a makoma, komanso makulidwe awo. Moungulunjika onse amayang'ana pakuyenda kwakunja kwa Hugh (ndipo izi ndizomveka, mwinanso momwe mungawerenge ngati kusamba kudzakhala mdera lomwe adapatsidwa). Koma malingana ndi magawo amkati, malonda ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi wina ndi mnzake. Chifukwa cha makulidwe a makoma, nthawi zambiri mbali zambiri ndipo, mawonekedwe akulu, odekha, odekha a mtundu wa chitsulo. Kupatula apo, monga tafotokozera kale pamwambapa, mwaukadaulo a acrylic amakupatsani mwayi wopanga makoma okhala ndi malire, ndipo mabowo ndi ochepa kwambiri, chifukwa chake zimakhala zambiri.
Bowo lokwirira limatha kupezeka mbali zonse ndi kusamba, mosasamala za kusinthika kwake ndi zinthu. Kuonetsetsa kuti chitetezo ndi choyenera cha chitonthozo cha mtunduwo nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi zokambirana. Kusamba kosambira kuti mawonekedwe a mamawa, akupanga mabwalo, ngati mpando. Pamutu pake pali mbale zofananira zofananira pabodi, kapena zophatikizika za polyrethane.
Monga mbali yonse yosambira mitundu yachilendo ndi kukula kwa msika waku Russia ndi waukulu. Pali ngodya (nthawi zambiri imalemba mu lalikulu 150150cm), ndi herker pa bolodi, ndi zitsanzo ziwiri.
Zachiyani?
Funso lotereli nthawi zambiri limapezeka kuchokera kwa wogula pomwe zifukwa zake sizodabwitsa kuti malo osambiranso ofanana amasiyana pamtengo wa ma ruble. Ngati mukufanizira zitsanzo zapamwamba za Europe, mtengo wawo umachulukana kutengera zinthuzo (kukwera): zitsulo, kuponya chitsulo, acrylic.Kusiyana kwakukulu pamtengo kumatsimikiziridwa ndi mawonekedwe opanga. Zachidziwikire, zinthu zokwera mtengo kwambiri zopangidwa ndi wopanga ndi dzina lokweza. Krymera, kusamba kwa acrylic kwa kampani yaku Germany Duravit, wopangidwa ndi Stark yotchuka ya philip, imawononga pafupifupi $ 30,000.
Kukula, kumene, ndizofunikanso. Mtengo wa mtundu womwewo wokhala ndi miyeso yosiyanasiyana imatha kukhala yosiyanasiyana $ 30 mpaka $ 100. Koma ngati kukula kwa kusamba ndikokwera mtengo kwambiri, kumatanthauza kuti mtengo wake umayikidwanso mwachilendo mawonekedwe. Cholinga cha oval chinaponi mu retross kileo kuchokera ku Jacob delafon, yokutidwa ndi enamel kuchokera kumiyendo wamkati ndi ma ruble 84,000. - Chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka 84. - Chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka 84. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka 84.
Masamba achikuda (6-7 zosankha za utoto) zimawononga ndalama zambiri (mwina pa ma ruble zikwizikwi), chifukwa opanga sawatulutsa m'magulu akuluakulu, ndikudikirira mpaka zingapo zomwe zidakwaniritsidwa. Chifukwa chake, pokhazikitsa mtundu wosankhidwa, muyenera kuyembekezera (tsiku lomaliza kuti mutsirize ndi fakitale ya ku Europe ikhoza kufikira 75 masiku).
Kulipiritsa pa dzanja ndi ma ruble 1.5., Kusiyana kwa mtengowu kulinso mtundu wa zokutira (chromium kapena golide), ndi njira yosinthira. Ndikofunika kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe ka manja, komwe akubzala manja amapsinjika mu chitsulo chokhazikika, ndikukakamizidwa ndi zomangira ndikukonzedwa ndi mapulagini. Kugwiritsa ntchito chogwiritsira ntchito kumatha kuthyola mopepuka, pomwe mwachangu akuyenera kulimbikitsidwa.
Kupita kukasamba
Chifukwa chake, mwasankha mtundu womwe ndi woyenera mtengo, uku ndi mawonekedwe. Khalani okonzekera kuti mtengo, monga lamulo, umaphatikizapo mtengo wokhawo womwe umakhala ndi mabowo a kukhetsa ndi kusefukira. Chalk zonse zofunika pokhazikitsa malo osambira (kukhetsa zoyenerera, miyendo kapena chimango kapena kukhazikitsa, mapoto okongoletsa.), Muyenera kugula payokha.) Zowona, makampani angapo (Balteco, Dokotala Jet, roca, teuco) amapereka zinthu zokonzedwa bwino, koma izi zimagwiranso ntchito pazithunzi zazikulu za mtundu kapena mtundu wa "Standard". Amapanga makampani ena pazomwe kusamba kumaphatikizapo kutalika kosinthika.
Mtsogolo Mtsogolo, muyenera kugula dongosolo losefukira. Masamba ogwiritsa ntchito makina opangidwa ndi chitsulo, pulasitiki kapena mkuwa. Ali ndi mabowo awiri okwerera - kumtunda ndi pansi, komanso chitoliro chosinthika. Njira yosefukira imatha kugulitsidwa mosiyana, koma zochulukirapo zimatha kukhala ndi sifan ya mtundu wa bondo ndi hydrotherap (imapereka kufooka kwa fungo lokwera kuchokera kumphepete mwa nyanjayo). Masamba amagwiritsa ntchito pulasitiki kapena zitsulo zazitsulo zazing'ono. Komabe, amakhulupirira kuti kutalika kwa Siphon kuyenera kukhala kochepa 35mm, apo ayi fungo la chimbudzi limatha kulowa mu ma hydroplays oyenerera.
Phukusi losavuta la pulasitiki losewerera ndi pulagi pa bata lanyumba ndalama zomwe zimawononga $ 10-25. Ana a Europe ku Europe ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri. Pa msika panali madzi osefukira, mawonekedwe a Sfanone omwe ali ndi Hingi ya Swivel (mwachitsanzo, HL 555N Kuchokera kwa Lechrer Lechner). Izi zimathandiza kuchotsa phokoso (chubu chopanda chimbudzi cha chimbudzi chalumikizidwa ndi icho) chitha kuzunguliridwa mu ndege yopingasa ndi 280, ndikusilira - kutsanulira kwa ngodya za 10. Izi ndizosavuta, chifukwa ndizosavuta. kukhetsa pamalo aliwonse m'bafa. Pali "kufunikira" kuchokera pa $ 50 mpaka $ 80. Palinso makina odzipangira okhaokha (monga A55 ochokera ku Alcoplast) pomwe Rosette wa zigawenga amalumikizidwa ndi valavu yomasulidwa. Pankhaniyi, zitsulo zimagwira ntchito ziwiri: poyamba, zimateteza motsutsana ndi madzi osamba, ndipo chachiwiri, chimatseka ndikutsegula ndi chingwe cha chithokomi. Sinthani maboti mbali imodzi kutseka valavu pansi, ndipo pakati panu, ndipo madziwo akuphatikiza. Chipangizocho chikhoza kugulidwa kwa $ 50-100, ndi mtundu wokhala ndi photory ronge - kwa $ 60-130. Ngati simukufuna kukhazikitsa crane yowonjezera podzaza, mudzafunikira kutsatsa komwe chitoliro cha chosakanizika (chapadera, chopanda kuponyera) chimalumikizidwa. Zotsirizira zimayikidwa pamalo ena abwino. Kudzaza kusamba kumachitika kudzera mu dzenje la kusefukira. Chipangizo chokhala ndi ndalama zolumikizira madzi kuyambira $ 120 mpaka $ 200. Zoyenera zonse zimapangidwa ndi Viega, Kludi (Germany), Gebitrit (Spaplast (Frandrer Lechner (France) Idr (Autria) Idr. Kulimbikitsidwa kumapangitsa kuti opanga malo osamba (mwachitsanzo, muyezo woyenera, villeroy Boch), kotero, kugula kusamba mchere wodziwika bwino, mutha kukonzekereratu malo odziwika bwino, mutha kukonzekereratu ndi zida, zomwe zimayitanidwa kuchokera ku dzanja limodzi.
Manja amaphatikizidwa ndi bafa, ngati amapatsidwa kapangidwe kake, koma m'malo ogulitsira mutha kugula mitundu ina iliyonse ku kukoma kwanu. Miyendo yojambulidwa imaperekedwa kuti isankhe: chifukwa chosavuta kulipirira $ 3, okonzeka ndi zomata zosinthika zimawononga pafupifupi $ 70. Pakuphatikiza kusamba kwa ma acrylic kwa mitundu ina (mwachitsanzo, angular), mufunika maziko a ma rack. Mtengo wawo uli pafupifupi $ 200.
Ndipo ndikofunikira kugula chosakanizika choyenera kuti mugule malo osambira okhala ndi chosakanizira. Kukula kwa chipangizocho kumasankhidwa ndi kuwerengera kotero kuti ndege yamadzi siigwera mbali yakusamba.
Kuika
Ndikwabwino kuthilira kusamba pomwe msewu suzizira kwambiri (-1 Coms Cons amayesedwa kuti ndi Marko wovuta). Kwa chaka chimodzi pambuyo pa mayendedwe, muyenera kudikirira tsiku lina musanakhazikitse kuti watsopanoyo ali ndi nthawi yoti 'achite bwino'. Kukhazikitsa kwa bafa kuyenera kuchita katswiri: zimasintha molondola ndi mawonekedwe ake, perekani zolimba zam'madzi zodzaza madzi, pambuyo pake, magetsi okhazikika amachokera kuwomba kwamadzi kumtunda). Mtengo wa kusamba kusiyanasiyana kumasiyana kwambiri. Pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa Moscow ndi zigawo. Nyumba yovuta kusamba kwachikulire idzawononga pafupifupi $ 50, kukhazikitsa kwa mtengo watsopano kuchokera pa $ 50 mpaka $ 100 (mitundu 15) ndi $ 150-300 (yotumizidwa). Mabodza oterowo ndi otsika mtengo katatu.
Otsatsa zikomo kwambiri ndege, villeroy Boch, valdewei, muyezo wokhazikika, "World Cuers System System Horm Pokonzekera nkhaniyi.