Mitundu ya mapaipi otentha, madzi ozizira ndi otentha. Zipangizo, zolemba, kulumikiza zinthu pophika mapaipi.
Anadula mutu "phula";
kugwirizanira mphete ya crimp;
kukulitsa chitoliro ndi "nkhupakupa" zapadera;
G-ikani zoyenera. Chitolirocho chimakhala chovuta kwambiri
1- pn 25 ndi wosanjikiza wa zojambulajambula za aluminium zomwe zimalepheretsa kusakanikira kwa oxygen;
2- pn 20 wokhala ndi khoma 3,4mm;
3- pn 10 yokhala ndi khoma la 2.2mm
1- Angle 90;
2- Arle 45;
3-chishalo chowoneka bwino;
4- kolunjika mkati ndi kunja;
5-tee;
6 - mtanda;
Chiwopsezo cha kutentha kwa kutentha "Omega";
Gawo la 8-gawo la pawiri lomwe limakhazikitsidwa ndi njira yolozera matenthedwe. Magawo awiri akhala amodzi
1- Wall Mounts;
Mapulogalamu awiri;
3-ngodya limodzi ndi kulowera kukhoma;
4- Valva;
5- curfrocavcav
Kuchokera ku Aquatherm:
Chipika ndi choyenerera chimasungidwa ndi "chitsulo" chokhala ndi mafayilo amtundu uliwonse wamawu;
B- Kuphatikiza tsatanetsatane;
Pawiri yalembedwa;
Dongosolo la G-Omalizidwa
1- bwerezani;
2 Shaelive;
3- Chipatopa;
4-Alvanicletor;
5- mphete zopendekera
A- odetsa radiator chingwe ndi mapaipi a Unirie;
b-zolumikizidwa pamapaipi m'malo otentha;
Msonkhano wa Msonkhano;
G-TORT WIMOUNG PRIMES POPANDA ZINSINSI
1-Alvanicletor;
2- Chisindikizo cha mphira;
3- mphete yolumikizana;
4- kukonza mtedza
1-polyethylene Ultraviolet;
2- chitoliro cha Alumunum, m'mbali mwake zomwe zimawombedwa ndi laser laser;
3- polyethylene
Makina a Adiport, omwe amagwira ntchito pa batire, komanso kuchokera kumapitawo;
Kusaina Ma Pliers Paziphuphu kuyambira 16 mpaka 32mm
Kulimbikitsa madzi ozizira (PND);
Mapaipi okhalapo mu dongosolo lotentha;
Posintha m'mapaipi amkuwa kupita ku chitsulo;
Mapaipi a MAYLOME (WOPHUNZITSA NDI GVS) PP-pipe (HPW)
Kuonetsetsa mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri pokhalamo, kokha ndikuyika ma piipines pamadzi ozizira ndi otentha, chifukwa chotentha. Msika umapereka zosankha zochuluka, chilichonse chomwe chimakhala nacho mu zabwino zonse komanso zovuta. Fulumirani mukasankha- zimangochita zovuta zazikulu zokha, komanso oyandikana nawo. Kodi mungapewe bwanji izi?
Mapaipi ndi ... mutu
Ndi mawu oti "mapaipi" mtsogoleri mwa iwo omwe apangapo popanga kapena kukonza, chifukwa amapweteketsa zaka makumi atatu zapitazo, zopweteka tsopano. Kuchuluka kwa nkhawa kumawonjezeka. Kupatula apo, mapaipi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamadzi ozizira komanso otentha, zinyalala, kuthirira komanso, kutentha. Ndipo tsopano m'dongosolo lino, osati zida limodzi kapena ziwiri, monga kale, ndi khumi ndi zingapo. Zomwe zimayambitsa mutu zaka makumi atatu zapitazo zinali zosiyana. Funso losankha panthawiyo sisanayime pazifukwa ziwiri. Choyamba, mapaipi okongola okha ndi omwe adapangidwa. Chifukwa chachiwiri ndi ufulu kuti mugule sizingatheke. Mapaipi, monga momwe amalankhulira, napeza. Ngati phompho la yagel. Ziboda. Kuchokera pansi pa chisanu. Chifukwa chake, mutu womwe uli m'mawuwo udakhala ndi zambiri kuchokera pamafunso "Motani?" Ndipo "kuti?", Koma osati kuchokera ku funso "chiyani?".Koma nthawi zasintha. Sizofunikira kutenga chilichonse, ndikofunika kumapita kumsika wapafupi kapena sitolo yayikulu, kugulitsa mapaipi, ndikugula ... Chilichonse chomwe mzimu wanu. Koma, osamvetseka mokwanira, mutu wa ogula ndipo tsopano, ndi mawu oti "chubu" amapweteka. (Omwe adakumana ndi vuto lofuna kutsimikizira kuti mawu awa, omwewo omwe sanapezeko ... Inde, ndi mwayi chabe tsopano kuchokera pafunso "Chani? ". Kodi ndi chiyani choti tisankhe pa mapaipi ambiri, omwe amapereka msika wamakono? Ndipo mfundo siziri pamtengo. Muyenera kusankha kuti musamanong'oneza bondo pambuyo pake, kapena anansi akukhala m'malitsi otsatirawa.
Kuti mumveke bwino: kukana kwa chipongwe ndi mwayi wotayidwa (kuphatikiza zolumikizira), kuthekera kophwanya chifukwa cha kupanikizika ndi mapaipi anthawi yadzidzidzi. etc. Kodi sichoncho kuti musalingalire ngati moyo wautumiki wa dongosolo lokhazikika ukudalira mwachindunji pa chitolirocho katundu?
Kuti mumve zambiri, chifukwa cha "Migraine" yemwe watchulidwa kuti "akuthamanga, osapita kumisonkhano yaukadaulo, timalemba mitundu ya mapaipi omwe ogula adzakumana. Mwayikha, amatha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu akulu: chitsulo, polim ndi chitsulo.
Mapaipi achitsulo
Ubwino wawo ndi mphamvu zambiri (chitsulo ndi chitsulo) ndipo, kufotokoza za orsin-osemphana "(pazomwe zili, tidzakuuzani pang'ono pamene tikutembenukira ku mapaipi a Polymer).
Machubu achitsulo. Izi, mutha kunena zinthu zodziwika bwino chifukwa cha ubwana, chifukwa ndi omwe kwa zaka zambiri akhala akuwonetsa zinthu zachilengedwe padziko lonse lapansi zomwe zikufunika. Ubwino waukulu ndi mphamvu yayikulu, kupezeka (pamsika amapereka mafinya oposa 12) ndi zotsika mtengo zotsekera ma ruble. Kwa 1Pog. 202mm) 202mm). Zovuta zazikuluzikulu ndizovuta kwambiri za msonkhano komanso kusowa chitetezo chotetezedwa mkati ndi kunja. Zotsatira - Madzi onyansa (otupa), kutayikira, kulowa mkati mwa mulifupi wamkati ndi "chamba" china. Mapaipi achitsulo, malingana ndi Stepham, ayenera kusintha kamodzi pazaka 25. Malinga ndi ziwerengero za mabungwe othandizira, amayamba kunyamula ndi kutayikira kale mu zaka zisanu kapena zisanu ndi chimodzi.
Ivot zili pomwe pano ndipo zikuyenera kukumbukiridwa pafupi mtengo wotsika. Ikuyembekezera. Kungoyang'ana koyamba mtengo wa ziphuphu zachitsulo zitha kuwoneka zochepa. Amakula kangapo pakupereka, kukhazikitsa ndi kukonzanso. Zaka zisanu zokha zokha zomwe makina otenthetsera kuchokera pa mapaipi achitsulo safuna ndalama zilizonse. Pambuyo pa nthawi imeneyi, ndalama zomwe zimakonzedwa zikuwonjezereka zikuchulukirachulukira, ndipo pofika kumapeto kwa nthawi yochepa (zaka 4), malinga ndi mabungwe a Ntchito, ali 20% pachaka. ATERA amatanthauza kuti pa moyo wonse wa ntchito kuti kukonzanso kwamakono kumathedwa 150-300% ya dongosolo.
Pamsonkhano wa zitsulo zitsulo, kuwotcherera (kuwotcherera kwa mpweya kapena kuwotcherera kwamagetsi) kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso zolumikizira zowoneka bwino ndi chidindo (pack, sealant it.p.).
Mapaipi achitsulo Bwerani nthawi zambiri "zakuda" - kuchokera 80 rubles. Kwa 1Pog.m mapaipi 202mm. Ndiwo iwo kuti adalangizidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito pambuyo pake pamalo ozizira ndi ma system amadzi otentha posinthana ndi chilichonse chosatetezedwa ndi "mapaipi akuda". Amakhala nthawi yayitali kuposa wamba, koma, tsoka, pang'ono. Cholinga chake ndi chosavuta: Mukamagwiritsa ntchito ma elekitirodi wamba m'chigawo chodzaza (ndipo popanda icho, sichofunikira kutero popanda iyo) Ingosungunuka cha zinziro chosatetezeka. Pali chowonadi, ma elekitole apadera, koma ndizosatheka kuwapeza ogulitsa. Palinso vuto linanso lobisika: Pa nthawi yotentha, zinthu zakupha zimasiyanitsidwa, ndipo wotsatsayo akukana kugwira ntchito ndi "galvananazezedwe". Kuphatikiza apo, mapangidwe a gulu la Galvanic pamaso pa zitsulo zosasangalatsa ndizotheka.
Mapaipi ochezera amaphatikizidwa ndi malingaliro olakwika awiri ofala pokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo pamakina. Maganizo olakwika amachititsa kuti kuthekera kugwiritsa ntchito mapaipi akuluakulu m'dongosolo. Chitani izi sizingatheke kuchita izi. Chifukwa chake chimadziwika ndikuwonetsedwa mu buku la ma chemistry cha giredi yachisanu ndi chiwiri: pansi pa kutentha kwa matenthedwe otenthetsera, zn + h2o = Zno + h2 h2 h2. Mwachidule, khoma la zinzi limawonongeka, ndipo hydrogen limadziunjikira mu mapaipi, kachitidwe kumasokoneza ndi kachitidwe nthawi zambiri. Komabe, mu 90-Hgg. Pazifukwa zina, adayiwala za izi ndipo mwadzidzidzi adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mapaipi otetezedwa ndi zinc mumitundu (lingaliro logwiritsira ntchito mapaipi, kugonjetsedwa kwakukulu ndi kutukudwa, kwakukulu, komveka). Makina awa ali ndi "mpweya", ndipo amatha kuwathandiza bwino ... kupatula Autogen. Njira zosakhalitsa zokhazikitsa valavu yamagetsi ya radiator iliyonse.
Malinga ndi cholakwa chachiwiri, mapaipi akugawika ali bwino kuposa "wakuda", amakhala mukuterera machitidwe otenthetsa ndi nyumba ya antifano. Zomwe zikuchitika mu ziphuphu za Ethylene glycol (ndiye maziko a okola ozizira kwambiri), ingofotokozanso, ingonena kuti zotsatira zake ndizowononga kwambiri pomwe zinzizo zimawononga kwambiri. Opanga antiver opanga amadziwika poyera komanso kuwonetsa kuletsa kulembera.
Mapaipi osapanga dzimbiri. Zoyenera kunena, lingaliroli likugwiranso ntchito kukhazikitsidwa kwa nyumba zapakhomo pafupifupi chitsulo chamuyaya chitha kuvomerezedwa. Ikrasivo (basi tech), komanso modalirika. Koma mtengo wake, wotchedwa, ulusi: Malo ogulitsira (kalilole) chitoliro chopangidwa ndi chitsulo cha AISI304 (chofatsa cha mipando ya 182). Kwa 1 tsa. m, chitoliro chopukutidwa chomwe chimapangidwa ndi chitsulo cha 12x18N10t mu kukula kwa 19,12mm itawononga 200. 1Pog.m. (Mwa kuwerengera kosavuta, ndizotheka kunena kuti chitoliro cha pabanja chidzawonongeratu)
Mapaipi amkuwa. Ndiwokongola kwambiri. Iprie ichi ndi chodalirika komanso chokhazikika (chimawononga ma ruble a 180. cha 1Pog. Kusuntha mapaipi 221,5mm). Kwa ogula zapanyumba, kugwiritsa ntchito mapaipi amkuwa m'madzi kumadzi ndi kutenthetsera ndi Chatsopano. Zinabweretsedwa kwa ife kumayiko otukuka chakumadzulo - pali ziwalo zambiri zamkuwa komanso ngakhale mazana a zaka.
Zofunikira zingapo zamakono komanso zamaluso, mkuwa amayankha bwino. Pano ndi kuthekera kotheratu kutentha ndi dhw kachitidwe ka muyeso, ndi kukana kuwonekera kwa madzi ampopi (yosamveka, kwa chlorine ndi ozoni) ndi ultraviolet. Ndikofunika makamaka kuyika pulasitiki yapamwamba ya zomwe zimatanthawuza kuti sizikugwirizana ndi kusintha kwa mawonekedwe, komanso kuthekera kosalimba pazoyipa. Izi, malinga ndi akatswiri, amalola mapaipi kuti apirire kuzizira nthawi imodzi, ndipo ndi zambiri kumapereka zochepa. Nthawi zonse zophatikizika komanso zazitali (zaka 50-100) ntchito zaulere zimapereka mapaipi a mkuwa.
Koma pali zovuta zawo kuchokera mkuwa. Siyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'magulu okhala ndi madzi ochulukirapo (gawo lovomerezeka la pH kuchokera ku 6.5 mpaka 9 mpaka 9 mpaka 9 mpaka 9 mpaka 9 mpaka 9.5), madzi oyeretsedwa bwino (oyeretsedwa bwino kuchokera pachitsime chake) Mwachitsanzo, mu kukhazikitsa kutentha kwa malo ogulitsa, komwe kumayambitsa kuvalidwa mwachangu. Kukhazikitsa mapaipi kumafunikira ziyeneretso kwambiri zogwirira ntchito ndi kulondola sikutsuka kaphikidwe kokha, ndipo mtengo wotsika umawonjezeka. sizikonda).
Zodziwika bwino komanso zodalirika kwambiri zimawerengedwa kuti pali mapaipi amkuwa omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala othamanga kwambiri. Komabe, posachedwa, mankhwalawa amagwiritsa ntchito zolimbitsa thupi komanso zionetsero zinayamba kukuwonjezereka.
Kodi miyezo imati chiyani?
Zikuwoneka kuti, kudziwa chitolirochi ndi momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito, ndikokwanira, ndikofunikira kungowerenga zomwe zilipo ndikusakaniza mosamala. Koma sizinali pamenepo! Nkhani zofunsidwa zolemba izi, mwatsoka, sizikutidwa bwino.
Ngati mukunena za Snip II-30-76 "Madzi amkati Madzi ndi Dongosolo la Chimbudzi", ndiye m'ndime 4.1 ndi Zakumapeto (PVP), kupezeka m'madzi ndi polyethylene (PNP), vinylplast ndi Polyvinyl chloride (pvc). Iva! Panalibe mitundu ina ya mapaipi. 5.04.0 --85 Pambuyo pake, ndime 4.11 ili pafupi kubwerezedwanso, ndime 4.1 imatsimikiziridwa kwenikweni, ndipo kusiyana komwe kutchulidwa kapaka kaphifupi kunangosuntha kwa icho, motero malingaliro a Conclarite.
Kumayambiriro kwa 90s. Xxv. Msika wathu unasefukiratu kuti mapaipi akunja amapangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana za polymeric. "Matumbo a Boma" adayankha izi poyambitsa kusintha No. (1996) ku Snatfied 02.04.01-85.01-85 *. Tsopano ndi 10.1 imachitika motere: "mapaipi apulasitiki ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi polyethylene, polybuthene, za probit, zotentha, polyputhenes, polythylene ndi zina Zipangizo zapulasitiki za ma Network onse. Mwanjira ina, oyerekezawo adangolemba mitundu ya mapaipi apezeka kuchokera ku zida za polymeric, kupereka ogula kumanja kuti alangize, pomwe chitoliro chiri chomwe mungalembe. Pazonse ... Chitani zomwe mukufuna. Pakadali pano, msika wamsika umapitilirabe kukula, ndipo funso lofunikira kupanga chikalatacho onse anali pachimake, amayembekeza ogula komanso odziika okha. Mapeto ake adatuluka. Ndi gust r 52134-2003 "mapaipi a thermoplastics ndi zigawo zolumikizira kwa iwo kuti azitha kupezeka madzi ndi kutentha." Menno kuphatikizidwa ndi mapaipi otsatirawa: polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyppellene ndi porsolity wake, cholumikizidwa polyvinyl chloride, polybutene.
Makope atsopanowa amakhazikitsa makalasi asanu ogwirira ntchito: madzi otentha pamtunda wa 60c, madzi otentha pamtunda wa 70s, ma radiators otsika, kutentha kochepa "pansi" pansi. Nthawi yomweyo, gulu lililonse la opareshoni limatsimikiziridwa ndi kutentha (kugwira ntchito, zochulukirapo ndi zadzidzidzi) komanso nthawi yokhudza moyo wonse - kuyenera kukhala zaka zosachepera 50 (popanikizika kwa 0,4 kapena 1MPA). Kutengera izi, akatswiri komanso kuwerengera magawo omwe amapezeka pamapaipi.
Tikuganiza kuti sikofunikira kuyankhapo kwa nthawi yayitali, makamaka amapangidwira wopanga (ngakhale kuti ndizosatheka kuonetsetsa kuti ngakhale njira yovuta yotereyi ndi osati zolakwa posankha magawo onse awiri. Makasitomala mosamala - za ife nanu, monga zaka 30 zapitazo, palibe amene amaganiza.
Mapaipi a polymer
Mu msika wamakono, kufunikira kwa mapaipi awa kumakula nthawi zonse. Chizolowezi chopitilira ichi chikugwirizana ndi ubwino wotsatira wa zinthu za polymeric:
Kukana Kupumula (ma polity sikutha kulowa zosintha za electrochemical) ndi kukana zotsatira za mankhwala ambiri.
Palibe madongosolo pakhoma.
Kutayika pang'ono kusokonekera chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mkati.
Mawonekedwe otsika kwambiri.
Misa yaying'ono.
Zochita za mafunde oyendayenda sachita mantha (m'mapaipi achitsulo, mafunde azinji, monga lamulo, chifukwa cha electrochem).
Komabe, sikofunikira kuganiza kuti mapaipi a poyilesi ali ndi maubwino amodzi. Zoyipa zilinso ndi:
Mapaipi (kufotokoza chilankhulo cha akatswiri)) otumphulika. Mwanjira ina, oxygen omwe ali mlengalenga, alberit zazing'ono, zimasokoneza khoma laikasi ndipo limagwera madzi oyendayenda. Ngati tikulankhula za madzi otentha kapena ozizira kubwera kumadzi, ndiye kuti simungathe kulabadira mpweya. Koma ngati ndikuyenda kwa ozizira (madzi, antifutiwo), ndiye kuti mpweya wolowamo umalowa kapena kuthira zida kapena zowombera.
Osakhala wopanda chiyembekezo.
Kutengera ndi katundu ndi nthawi, atataya mphamvu.
Osagwira ntchito mu makina omenyera moto.
Kwa mtundu uliwonse wa polymer, kukhazikitsa kwapadera komanso zida zoweta kumafunikira.
Mapaipi amafunika kutetezedwa kuwonongeka mwangozi (kuphatikiza ... kuwukira kwa makoswe).
Msika wamakono umapereka mapaipi a Polymenes kuchokera ku zinthu zotsatirazi: Polyethylene, opitira polyethylene, polybutene, polyvinyl chloride ndi fiberglass.
Polyethylene (re kapena pe). Mapaipi kuchokera kumayiko ena akunja ndi mkati mwa mapaipi (amathirira) mapiritsi (madzi, chimbudzi, ngalande). Makampaniwo amatulutsa mitundu iwiri ya polyethylene: kupanikizika kwambiri pvd (kapena otsika-pnlp-polyuthylene) ndi pvp-polyuthylene kachulukidwe kakang'ono). Kumbukirani kuti mayina awa (ndipo, achizindikiro) nthawi zambiri amabweretsa ogula. Kupatula apo, sikuti konse mumatsatira mapaipi a polyethylevelene (pvd) iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokakamiza madzi, komanso kupanikizika kochepa polyethylene (PND) - pakuchotsa. Ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zipatuzi izi kupita ku zosiyana ndi izi, popeza dzinalo limawonetsa ukadaulo wopanga zopangira ziweto, koma osati kusankhidwa. Nthawi yomweyo, mapaipi a PVD ali ndi mphamvu zochepa kuposa kuchokera pa PND, kotero makhoma ndi owuma komanso misa, motero, motero. Mwa njira, khoma lalikulu la makulidwe limapereka mapaipe a PVD Phunzitsani zina: Zabwino kuyamwa phokoso la malo onyamula.
Mapaipi a polyethylene amapezeka pamsika nthawi zambiri mafayilo a nyumba, moyenera amawapanga kupanga kwawo. Zogulitsa ndizosowa. Mtengo wa mapaipi ndi ochepa - mwachitsanzo, 1 tsa. m chipika 202,3mm ndalama zowononga 12 rubles. Madzi alinso ndi mapaipi a polyethylene osapanikizika, cholinga chonyansa.
Chitoliro cha Reformation cha Re-akhoza kukhazikitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito chowuma choyambirira:
Kukhazikika polyethylene. Kotero kuti polyethylene imakhala yolimba komanso yolimbana ndi kutentha, imalandiridwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Zotsatira zake, kulumikizidwa kowonjezereka kumapangidwa pakati pa mamolekyulu, omwe amatchedwa crossLinks (milatho). Njira yokonzanso yomwe imatchedwa kuti imatchera, ndipo zomwe zidachitika polyethylene ndikulemba chidule cha re-x (pe-c). Kutengera njira yogwiritsira ntchito, pali mitundu inayi ya pe-x, yosiyana ndi mamolekyulu opingasa ndipo, zotsatira zake, zolimba: pe-cc ndi pe-xd . Maperesenti ozungulira amakhala okwera kwambiri ku Re-ha.
Mapaipi opangidwa ndi polyethylene chifukwa cha oxygen-okhazikika amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pamadzi ozizira komanso otentha. Pamitundu youluka ndi magwero ofunda, mapaipi okhala ndi chotchinga chakunja kapena amkati amakhazikika, omwe amalepheretsa kulowerera kwa oxygen. Chotchinga choterocho chimatha kupezeka pogwiritsa ntchito mowa wa ethylene (chotchinga chamkati) kapena aluminium foil wosanjikiza ndi makulidwe a 0.1-0.15mm (chotchinga chakunja). Zojambulazo za aluminium, kuwonjezera apo, zimapangitsa kuti zitheke kuchepetsa kwambiri kukula kwa kuwonjezeka kwa mafuta (mapaipi otere amatchedwa kuti okhazikika).
Mapaipi mobwerezabwereza amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zolumikizira zamakina mu mawonekedwe a kuphatikiza mapangidwe osiyanasiyana, komanso zopindika komanso zopindika. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kukhazikitsa kwa zolemera zopindika kumafuna nthawi yambiri, komanso kukonza ndi kukonza komanso kukonza mtedza wa clay (kulimbitsa mtedza wa clampi kumachepa nthawi yayitali, komanso kuchepetsa kulumikizana kwa kulumikizana kumatha kuchitika).
Mitundu yaying'ono yamapaipi yomwe ikuperekedwa (12-32mm) ili ndi malongosoledwe azachuma komanso magwiridwe antchito ambiri, khoma lalikulu, chitoliro sichikhala chotupa. Inde, zolumikizira kwa iwo zidzawononga ndalama zambiri.
Polypropylene (pp kapena pp). Pali mitundu yambiri ya mitundu yake:
RR-H (pp-g kapena pp-mtundu 1) - amapangidwa kuchokera ku homopolymer, yomwe macromolecles amakhala ndi mayunitsi owoneka bwino. Mapaipi awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pamagetsi ozizira;
RR-B (PP-B kapena PP-B-Tyf 2) imapangidwa kuchokera ku Clock Coptolymer, ali olimba komanso okonzeka kutentha kochepa (mpaka -40c). Ogwiritsidwa ntchito m'madzi ozizira amatenga ma pipelinenes, komanso kutentha pansi;
PP-R (pp-p kapena pp-mtundu 3) zimapangidwa kuchokera ku zosakhazikika. Ichi ndi chosiyana cha polypropylene, zabwino zokhoza kuwongoleranso katundu pakhoma ndi mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito m'madzi amadzi ozizira komanso otentha, kunja kwa ma stewater.
Polypropylene Pp-R mapaipi amapangidwa ndi mitundu ikuluikulu itatu, yodziwika ndi zovuta zogwirira ntchito:
PN 10- Madzi ozizira amadzi ozizira okhala ndi ma 1mka;
PN 20- kwa mapaipi otentha ndi ozizira ndi kukakamiza kwa T = 20c 2.0 mp, ku T = 75c- 0.6 mp;
Mtundu wa PN 25 umafunikira kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane. Tiyeni tiyambe ndi mfundo yoti mapaipi a PP-X, mapaipi a pe-x, amaperekedwa pamsika wa mawonekedwe osanjikiza amodzi ndi amitundu yambiri (ndi pulasitiki ya aluminium). Mapaipi azinjiyamu amatchedwa kuti okhazikika (akulemba chizindikiro pali mawu oti "khola" kapena kuchokera pamenepo). Amachepetsa mpweya wocheperako komanso wosiyana kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe a fomu (ochepera mzere). Kuyambitsa mapaipi a PN25 (olimbikitsidwa) kungagwiritsidwe ntchito pamapaipi ozizira komanso kutentha ndi zotentha ndi T = 20c 2,5mp 2,5mp, 1,0 mp.
Mapaipi a PP amapangidwa ndi mainchesi 16 mpaka 160 mm (mwachitsanzo, mtengo wa chitoliro ndi 202.3mm, kuyambira 17 rubles. Kwa 1Pog. Amalumikizidwa ndi njira yamafuta otentha, omwe amatengera kuphatikiza kwa malo osungunuka.
Polybutene (RV kapena PB) - Zinthu, m'njira zambiri zofanana ndi polypropylene ndi polyethylene, koma zabwino zonse komanso zotsekemera komanso zotentha ndipo zachulukitsa. Itha kuwomeredwa m'njira yotentha kapena kulumikizana ndi zopindika kapena zopindika.
Polyvinyl chloride - Thermoplastic zinthu zomwe zimapezeka ndi polymerization wa vinyl chloride. Pali mitundu iwiri ya izo: pvc-u (nslh) ndi polyvinyl chloride ndi pvc-c (cpvh) - cpvh) - cpvh) - yomwe ili ndi pulasitiki kwambiri poyerekeza ndi pvc-u (12-110mm m'mimba). Amasiyana ndi ma pulasitiki ena, koma otsika mtengo. Komanso, zabwino zake zimaphatikizapo pafupifupi kawirikawiri ngati pr, kutentha thupi ndi mafuta achilengedwe. Zovuta zomwe zimayambitsa ziphuphu zotere, akatswiri azaukadaulo amakhulupirira kuti pokhazikitsa ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yotsatsira (njira ya polyduftiment), yomwe imakulitsa, imawonjezera mtengo wake ndikuwononga njirayi. Palinso zovuta zina, monga zoyakira komanso "zowononga", zomwe tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane munthawi yathu ino.
Fiberglass. Maziko a khoma la mapaipi oterowo amapanga fiberglass, filler-epoxy kapena polyester. Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthuzi kumalola kupeza mphamvu pafupi ndi mapaipi achitsulo, koma pafupifupi zinayi zosavuta. Mapaipi ofananawo amapangidwa kale zaka zoposa 20, koma sanalandire konse. Chifukwa chake chimakhala chonse mu njira zosakwanira zolumikizira zigawo ndi zoyezera komanso pakakhala njira yolumikiza komanso yodalirika yolumikizira mapaipi ndi zoyenerera.
| Malo ogwiritsira ntchito | Kalasi Yogwira Ntchito | Mtundu wa chitoliro | Thumba, s. | Nthawi ya mphukira, zaka | Tmax, s. | Nthawi ku TMX, zaka | Tavar, C Tavar, H | Nthawi |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Madzi otentha (60C) | chimodzi | Pr-h, pp-b, pp-r, re-x, rv, pvc-c | 60. | 49. | 80. | chimodzi | 95. | 100 |
| Madzi otentha (70C) | 2. | Pr-h, pp-b, pp-r, re-x, rv, pvc-c | 70. | 49. | 80. | chimodzi | 95. | 100 |
| Kutentha kotsika potentha | 3. | Pvc-c, pr-h, pp-b, pp-r, re-x, rv | 30/40 | 20/25 | fifite | 4.5 | 65. | 100 |
| Kutentha kwambiri kunja kwa kutentha, kutentha kochepa kutentha kwazinthu | zinai | Rr-n, pr-b, pp-r, re-x, rv | 20/40/60 | 2.5 / 20/25 | 70. | 2.5 | 100 | 100 |
| Kutentha kwambiri kumatentha ndi zida zotenthetsera | zisanu | Rr-n, pr-b, pp-r, re-x, rv | 20/60/80 | 14/25/10 | 90. | chimodzi | 100 | 100 |
| Madzi ozizira | Kh | Re ndi pvc-u | makumi awiri | fifite | - | - | - | - |
| Kubwezeretsa: Kutentha-kugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kapena kuphatikiza kwa kutentha kwa madzi onyamula, otsimikizika ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito; TMAX ndiye kutentha kogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri, zomwe zimachepa nthawi; Kutentha kwadzidzidzi kwadzidzidzi kwadzidzidzi komwe kumachitika munthawi yadzidzidzi pophwanya malamulo oyendetsera makina |
Zowopsa, Zowopsa! (Zingakhale zopusa ngati palibe zovuta zoyipa)
Timapereka nkhani zochepa zomwe wolemba adamva pokonzekera nkhaniyi.
Mbiri 1. Imodzi mwa makampani omanga omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga malo osungirako mathithi am'madzi m'malo mwa mapaipi a PN-20, 4 mapaipi, ndipo osakhazikitsa olipiritsa. Chipinda chapansi cha nyumbayo chinapangidwa kuti chikudulitse pansi pa maofesi, matupa akuda akupita kumakoma ake adasungidwa popereka maziko okhala wamba. Kuyambitsidwa kwa madzi otentha kunakhala usiku, ndipo anayenda ngati wopanda chochitika. Koma tangoganizirani zodabwitsika za opanga pansi (adakhazikika poyambirira), yomwe m'mawa mwake idazindikira kuti kulemera kwa pafupifupi 700kg yozizira kuchokera pa 0,5 m, ndi bondo lalikulu lidawuma kuchokera kumbuyo kwake. Zinapatsanso sauna "pinki"! Ndipo zimatha kutero.
Mbiri 2. Amakhulupirira kuti kwa madzi ozizira, mapaipi a PNS ali oyenera. Pophunzira choonadi ichi, chisoni chachikulu chomwe chimayika mapaiwa pachitsime ndi kuya kwa 80m. Pipe la Changu la Amezhd limapangidwira mphamvu 10th. Zotsatira za gawo lachangu koteroko linali nsonga ya chitoliro (Sindinathe kupirira kupsinjika kofunikira kuti mupatse madzi, ndikudyetsa icho kunyumba ndi ntchito ya Santechnibale). za iye ...
Mapaipi azitsulo
Zogulitsa izi sizimangophatikiza mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri ya zitsulo ndi pulasitiki, komanso sizimalandidwa zolakwa zawo zambiri. Mapangidwe ali ndi zigawo zingapo:Wosanjikiza wakunja ya polyethylene kugonjetsedwa ndi ma ray a ultraviolet;
Chotsanga chambiri ndi chubu cha aluminiyamu chokhala ndi khoma la 0,2-2 mm, lophika m'litali mwake pa intaneti;
wosanjikiza mkati.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kusanjikiza kwa aluminiyam kumalola kupeza mzere wotsika mzere ndikuteteza kusokonekera kwa mpweya. Kuphatikiza apo, chitoliro chimatha kugwada, pambuyo pake chimasunga mawonekedwe ake. Mphamvu yayikulu imalola mapaipi kuti athe kupirira kupsinjika kwakukulu (mpaka 20MPA) ndi kutentha (mpaka 95c).
Pali mitundu yayikulu yazogulitsa zoterezi (14-110 mm), koma ndizopanda phindu kugwiritsa ntchito miyala yayikulu chifukwa cha mtengo wokwera, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera zofanana ndi mapaipi a Pe-x.
Zikuwoneka kuti zikuwonekeratu kuchokera ku ndemanga yathu yozungulira yomwe osathandizidwa ndi "kuchuluka" ndikosatheka kumvetsetsa.
Amene amatulutsa mapaipi
Mkuwa: KME (Germany), Outu Kumpu (Finland), "Kirov chomera pokonza zitsulo zopanda mphamvu" (Russia).
Polypropylene: Aquather (Germany), EKoplastik (Czech Republic), polymet (Germany), "chomera chopondera" (Ukrang).
Polyethylene: Kan (Poland), truvolosolymer ndi kazanogsintez (Russia).
Mutuluka Polyethyne:
Re-ha: Off (T / M WISHION FETLNE), Rehau (Germany);
Re-HB: Micropal (m / m isoplast - United Kingdom); IVT (T / M Jeblemety), "Bir Pekc" ndi "Van Tube" (Russia);
Re-HS: Tece (t / m Teceflex- Germany), Kan (T / m kan-therm).
Zikuluzikulu (Pe-x / Al / Pe-x): Wefa Phip, Rehau (Germany), Henc
Polyvinyl chloride: Kan, "Kubabu" ndi "Agrigazolymer" (Russia).
Chitsulo: Gebirit (T / M Mepla-Switzerland), Hewing Prof Pro ndi Outroprop (Germany).
Kodi akatswiri azachipatala adzauza?
Njira ina yopangira chisankho ndikulumikizana ndi kampani yayikulu yomwe akatswiri azachipatala amalangiza "panjira". Zowona, mipanda imatha kumangidwa apa. Chowonadi ndi chakuti makampani omwe amagwira ntchito ndi mitundu yonse ya mapaipi ndipo motero bwino m'masowo osakanika, ngakhale atakhala chete bwanji, palibe ntchito pamsika. Kampani iliyonse yayikulu ili ndi zokumana nazo zake, pamaziko omwe adapatsa kale zomwe amakonda kapena wopanga. Zotsatira zake, ena amangogwira ntchito ndi mapaipi a pulasitiki a mtundu winawake, ena okha, kokha ndi mapaipi a polythylene, ndi polypropylene. Mwa njira, "zokonda" nthawi zambiri zimalimbikitsa ndalama ndi wopanga mapaipi - zotumphukira zazikulu za iyo .p. Nthawi yomweyo, kampani iliyonse imakhulupirira kuti ili ndi mtundu wake womwewo wolondola komanso wosagwirizana. Tiyeni tiuzeni nkhani zambiri zoopsa kuchokera mu nkhani zakuti "Momwe tonse tidasinthira pambuyo poti tipikisane" ndikuyesa, zomwe zimatchedwa, 'kuti' tisanduke m'chikhulupiriro chathu. " Koma nthawi zambiri simudziwa chidziwitso.
Apa, mwina, chidziwitso chonse chomwe timafuna kudziwa owerenga mu ndemanga iyi. Koma zokambirana zathu zokhudza mapaipi sizitha. Tili ndi mbiri yatsatanetsatane yokhudza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapaipi osiyanasiyana. Mwambiri, kupitilizidwa kuyenera kukhala ...
Board Board Thanks, Geberit, Office, "mawu akuti" Nisantekhhniki ", komanso Prefriium of NP", ph.D. Sasina v.i. Onani kukonza kwa zinthu.