Dongosolo la madongosolo a anthu omwe ali m'mphepete mwa Russia: kuchuluka koyambirira kwa zoperekazo, inshuwaransi ya ndalama zolipirira ndalama, mikhalidwe ndi nthawi yopenda ndalama.
Iyemwini kuti adziunjikire ndalama pa nyumbayo- Kodi si maloto amtundu wa anthu ambiri? Tisakakamizidwe kumanga moyo wathu m'manda, zimveke ngati tsiku latsiku lomwe mungakhale ndi moyo ... Azodno amateteza ndalama ku inflation. Zonsezi zitha kuchitika, kuyambiranso zopereka kubanki yodalirika.
Nthawi yomweyo ndikusintha kwa momwe zinthu ziliri komanso kuchuluka kwa mitengo yamafuta, kuchuluka kwa chiwongola dzanja (zonse zomwe zimasungidwa ndi ngongole zonse) zimachepetsedwa, ndipo sizochedwa kwambiri. (Koma ife, eni, akadali patali kwambiri ku Europe ndi United States, komwe zala ndizokwanira kuwerengera chiwongola dzanja pa dzanja limodzi, 2-5% pa anim.) Mwachitsanzo, mu 2004. Zinali zotheka kuyika ma rubles mosavuta kwa chaka chimodzi pansi pa 12-13% pachaka. Tsopano kupambana kumeneku sikungathe kubwereza: kugwa kumeneku, ndalama za ku Russia zimathandizidwa ndi 10%. Kuphatikiza pa zovuta zopindulitsa, zonse, ndi nkhawa zovuta zina zomwe zimakhudzana ndi ndalama zawo.
Kodi ndi ndalama ziti zomwe zimakonda: zapakhomo, America kapena ku United Europe? Kwa nthawi yayitali bwanji komanso momwe zinthu zimayika ndalama kubanki? Kodi ndizowopsa kupereka "alendo ambiri? Kodi boma limathandizira bwanji nzika za omwe banks yaphulika? Ndi mitundu yanji ya zopereka yomwe idabwera ndi mabanki kuti azitha kusavuta kwa makasitomala awo? Nayi gulu la mafunso okambirana lero.
Ma ruble, madola kapena ma euro?
M'mbuyomu, "Matanda" adawopa aliyense (kumbukira zovuta za 1998). Tsopano, m'malo mwake, pewani. Malinga ndi ziwerengero, nzika zambiri zaku Russia tsopano sungani ndalama m'mabanki mu Rubles. (Zowona, sizikudziwika kwa aliyense "wobiriwira" wambiri akadali "statings".) Zomwe zimayambitsa chikondi chamakono cha ndalama zadziko, mwina ziwiri. Choyamba, takhulupirira kwambiri aboma ndi mfundo zake - kukhazikika kwachuma komanso kukula kwa GDP ndikowonekera. Kachiwiri, malinga ndi madongosolo a ruble, mabanki amapereka kwambiri bolo. Fananizani manambala a pakati: pafupifupi 10% pachaka pamadipozikidwe, pafupifupi 7% mu madola ndi 6% mu euro. Mabanki amadzi, kwa anthu omwe akuphatikiza, mwachitsanzo, "Sberbantrak of Russia", "vneshtatorg of Retail Services" (Brend Chosiyana: kwa mitengo ya Euro pafupi 1% yotsika kuposa pa dola.Pofufuza, momwe ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsira ntchito ndalama, zomwe zimatchedwa mitundu yambiri zimapangidwa (pa gawo limodzi, ma ruble, madola ndi ma euro akhoza kunama). Zowonjezera zowonjezera nthawi zambiri zimatengedwa mu ndalama zonsezi. Mtundu wotere wa gawo ili mumzere wa mabanki "Union", "chitsitsimutso" cha "a prolvyvazazk" Idr. Chidwi pa madiponsiwa akhoza kukhala ofanana kapena otsika pang'ono kuposa ma poizoni osungira ndalama imodzi.
Kuchuluka kwa ndalama
Banki iliyonse ndi yopindulitsa kuti mupitirizebe kukhala ndalama zambiri - ndalama zazachuma zimadziwa momwe mungatayire ndalamazo zomwe zakwezedwa. (Njira yosavuta iperekedwe ngongole yosungirako beta, yoposa ndalama zomwe mungasungire. Apa pali phindu lililonse.) Ndikofunika kusunga ndalama zambiri komanso kuchuluka kwake, nthawi zambiri zimakhala pamwamba pa chiwongola dzanja pa gawo. Nazi zitsanzo ziwiri zosavuta. Choyamba. Ngati mungasankhe kuyika ogulitsa chikwi chimodzi cha chaka chikwi chimodzi (molongosoka miyezi 13), mudzalandiridwa pachaka 5.5% (zopereka pakuthekera), ndipo ngati dola chikwi chimodzi ndi Zambiri, ndiye 6% pachaka. Kusiyanako kudzakhala madola 5 chikwi. Zingamveke pang'ono, koma kwakukulu pamiyeso yambiri. Chitsanzo chachiwiri. "Probsvyvazk", zopereka "zapamwamba", nthawi 1 chaka chimodzi. Ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama zogulira zitunda 30,000. Mulingowu udzakhala 10%, kuyambira 30 mpaka 300,000,000,000. - 10.5%, ndipo, tiyeni tinene, kuchokera ku ruble 500,000. - 11% pachaka. Kusiyana kwa 1% kudzakulitsa ma ruble 300. ma ruble 30,000. Mabanki osiyana, monga Raiffeiiesbaiesban, osagwira ntchito ndi ndalama zochepa konse: kuchuluka kochepa kwambiri pano ndi ma ruble okwana 90, USDollars a United States kapena Euro.
Kutalika komwe mumagwira kubanki, zomwe mukumva. Banki iliyonse ndi gulu lalikulu kapena laling'ono lomwe likuyenda bwino kapena lopanga ziwonetserozi. Koma malo olimbitsa thupi alimi akhoza kukhala linga lokha kuchokera pamchenga ndi kuwuma usiku. Bank of Central Central Internationals kuchokera ku mabanki, sizingalengeze ngongole (njira za bankrapt zimatenga zaka zambiri). Mwatsopano mu Memoni Memonictions zopereka za omwe amamuyang'anira adanyengedwa mu 90s. "Chora", "ku Anombank" ndi mabungwe ena ofanana. Momwe mungadzitetezere, osataya ndalama? Yankho ndi losavuta: Muyenera kusanja ma ruble opitilira 100 ku banki iliyonse. Izi ndizokwanira kuti boma limakugwirizanitsa ife ngati banki yatulitsidwa layisensi (molingana ndi Instand Instifi inshuwaransi).
| Zosiyanasiyana za madongosolo ndi nthawi | "Sberbank of Russia" | "VeshtorGbank 24" | "Banki Yapadziko Lonse" | Raiffeeenbank | Rosbank | Plerolvycazbank | "Muyezo waku Russia" | "Bank Bank" | "Mgwirizano" |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Madiponsi osakonzanso komanso kuchotsa ndalama | |||||||||
| Miyezi 6 | 7. | 7.5-8.5% 1. | 6-71 | 5,85-6,951; 2. | 7.05. | 9-101 | 10-121 | 9-111 | 10-10,751 |
| Miyezi 12 | - | 9-10% 1. | 7.5-8,51 | 5,9-81; 2. | 9,55 | 10.5-111 | 12-131 | 11.25-12,255 | 11-11,51 |
| 24 miyezi | - | 8.5-9,61 | 7.5-8,51 | 6.8-91; 2. | - | - | - | - | 10-121 |
| Kusungitsa komanso popanda kuchotsa ndalama | |||||||||
| Miyezi 6 | - | 7-8,51 | - | - | 7.15-7,351 | 8.5-93 | 9-101 | 9-111 | 9.75-10.51; 4. |
| Miyezi 12 | 8.5-9.51; 5. | 8.5-101 | - | - | 9.6-9,71 | 10-10, 253. | 10-111 | 11.25-12,255 | 10.75-11.251; 4. |
| 24 miyezi | 8.5-9,51 | 8.5-9,51 | - | - | 10.25-10,41 | 9,53. | - | - | 9.75-11,751; 4. |
| Madiponsi obwezeretsanso komanso kuchotsa ndalama pang'ono | |||||||||
| Miyezi 6 | - | 7-81; 4. | 5.5-6.25 | - | 7.25. | 7,56. | - | 9-111 | 9.5-10.251; 4. |
| Miyezi 12 | - | 8.25-9,251; 4. | 7-7,75 | - | 9.75-101 | 96. | - | 11.25-12,255 | 10.5-111; 4. |
| 24 miyezi | 6.75-7,51 | 7.5-8,751; 4. | 6.8-7.55 | - | 10.3-10,51 | 96. | - | - | 9.5-11.51; 4. |
| 1- kutengera ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama; Kuchuluka kwa 2 kocheperako ndi ma ruble 90; 3 peresenti ikulipidwa pa kuchuluka kwake, ndikuwonjezeka kuchuluka, kuchuluka kwake kumawonjezeka; 4- Maphunziro pa ndalama zowonjezera amalipidwa pazoyambira zopereka; 5- Zosungidwa kwa miyezi 13; 6% amapangidwa pamlingo wogwiritsira ntchito ndi mkhalidwe wosunga ndalama zochepa |
Inshuwaransi
Ndi chiyani? Ngati ku mtedza, ndiye chitsimikizo cha boma cha kubweza. Mwayi wopereka inshuwaransi makamaka zaka zingapo zapitazo palibe amene akuwaganizira. Anthu adasunga ndalama kunyumba, ndikuwopa kuwapatsa kubanki. Koma mu 2003. Kumva kunachitika: Bank Central Bank idzachititsa kusankha kwa mabanki mu The Instaid Inshuwaransi. Zomwe zingakhale kuti, ngakhale ophunzira osewera omwe adawadziwa okha omwe sanadziwe. Zinali zowopsa: Ndingatani ngati satengedwa?Malinga ndi lamulo pa inshuwaransi ya Deposit, boma limatipatsa ma ruble oposa 100,000. Ngati banki idachotsa chiphaso.
Mwachidule, Disembala 23, 2003. Lamulo la No. 177-FZ inkawonekera "pa inshuwaransi ya anthu omwe ali m'mphepete mwa boma la Russia". "Imabweranso pafupi. Bungwe la boma "la Instiction Deposit" (Dr) ndi inshuwaransi (monga kampani ya inshuwaransi), yomwe mabanki a akaunti ya inshuwaransi amatenga ndalama zambiri. Oyika mabanki akangopezeka kwa inshuwaransi (nthawi zambiri amasunga chilolezo kuchokera kuzachuma) amachita ngati opindula: amalipira inshuwaransi. Kukula kwake malinga ndi malamulo apano sangathe kupitirira ma ruble 100,000. Ziribe kanthu kuchuluka kwa kasitomala yemwe amasungidwa kubanki.
Pali chiyembekezo chomwe buku lolipiritsa lidzasintha mtsogolo: DSA idapereka lingaliro kuti iwonjezere kuchuluka kwa inshuwaransi kuyambira pa 2006. Pa ma ruble pafupifupi 100, ndipo pofika chaka cha 2007. - ma ruble 100,000. Koma 90% 90% okha, ndiye kuti ma ruble 280,000 adzalipidwa.
Kumapeto kwa Seputembara 2005 Mu dongosolo la inshuwaransi (cer) kuphatikizidwa ndi mabanki 927 ku Russia komwe kulipo 98% ya zopereka za anthu. Mwa njira, mabungwe onse azachuma m'lemba lathu ndi achikondi pa cer.
| Zosiyanasiyana za madongosolo ndi nthawi | "Sberbank of Russia" | "VeshtorGbank 24" | "Banki Yapadziko Lonse" | Raiffeeenbank | Rosbank | Plerolvycazbank | "Muyezo waku Russia" | "Bank Bank" | "Mgwirizano" |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Madiponsi osakonzanso komanso kuchotsa ndalama | |||||||||
| Miyezi 6 | 5-5,51 | 5.5-65511 | 3-3,51 | 1.8-2.21; 2. | 5,74. | 6-7,51 | 6-71 | 7-7,751 | 7-7,51 |
| Miyezi 12 | - | 6.5-7,751 | 4-4,51 | 3.01-41; 2. | 7.35 | 7-8,51 | 7-81 | 8,75-91 | 7.5-8,251 |
| 24 miyezi | - | 7.5-81 | 5-5,51 | 4-51; 2. | - | - | - | - | 7.5-8,251 |
| Kusungitsa komanso popanda kuchotsa ndalama | |||||||||
| Miyezi 6 | - | 5.5-65511 | - | - | 5,79-5.991 | 5.5-63 | 5-61 | 7-7,751 | 6,75-7,251; 4. |
| Miyezi 12 | 5.5-61; 5. | 6.5-7,61 | - | - | 7.4-7,481 | 6.5-73. | 6-71 | 8,75-91 | 7.25-81; 4. |
| 24 miyezi | 6.5-71 | 6,75-751 | - | - | 7.75-7,851 | 6,53. | - | - | 7.25-81; 4. |
| Madiponsi obwezeretsanso komanso kuchotsa ndalama pang'ono | |||||||||
| Miyezi 6 | - | 5.25-61; 4. | 2.8-3,21 | - | 5,94-61 | 56. | - | 7-7,751 | 6.5-71; 4. |
| Miyezi 12 | 6.5-7,251; 4; 5 | 6-6.61; 4. | 3.8-4,21 | - | 7.43-7,51 | 66. | - | 8,75-91 | 7-7,751; 4. |
| 24 miyezi | 6,75-71; 4. | 6.25-6,851; 4. | 4.8-5,21 | - | 7.8-7,951 | 66. | - | - | 7-7,751; 4. |
| 1-kutengera kuchuluka kwa ndalama; Kuchuluka kochepa kwa 2 kuli $ 3,000 ife; 3 peresenti ikulipidwa pa kuchuluka kwake, ndikuwonjezeka kuchuluka, kuchuluka kwake kumawonjezeka; 4 peresenti ya ndalama zowonjezera zimaperekedwa pamlingo woyamba wopereka; 5 Zosunga kwa miyezi 13; 6 peresenti yolumikizidwa ku mtengo wosungirapo ndalama zidapereka ndalama zochepa |
Chidwi ndi Anv
Izi zowonjezera pazoyambira zimatchedwa capitalization. Chidwi chachikulu chimatha kukhala kumapeto kwa nthawi yosungirako ndipo, mwachitsanzo, pamwezi. Izi zochokera kubanki ndi imodzi mwanjira zokopa nokha ndi zopereka zamtunduwu. Ndi ndalama zochepa, sitikunena, komanso zazikulu (mazana zikwizikwi) zomwe phindu lakelo likuwonekeratu. Tiyerekeze kuti muyika ma ruble 500,000,000. Miyezi 12 pa 12% pachaka. Chifukwa chake, zopereka mwezi uliwonse zimachuluka ndi 1% (ma ruble 5,000), omwe adzapangidwiranso chidwi. Ntchito ya chidule ichi mudzalandira "phindu" osati ruble ruble 6 60,000. .
Zopereka nthawi zina zimakhala zosintha (zomwe zimatchedwa kuyandama) chidwi. Mabanki osavuta, amatha kukula komanso kuchepa. Mwachitsanzo, mumayika kuchuluka pansi pa 10.5% pachaka mu rubles, ndipo zopereka zowonjezereka zili pansi pazochepera. Nthawi yomweyo, nthawi yopeza ndalama zokwana ndalamazo, kubereka kwambiri. Kapena, m'malo mwake, ikani ndalama ndikupanga zotuluka zikuluzikulu. Kenako zoperekazi zimapita ku gulu lina la kuchuluka komwe kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwake kumanenedwa.
Pankhani ya kuchotsa ndalama zonse, chidwi chimakhala chiwongola dzanja choseketsa "kuti chikhalepo (izi nthawi zambiri chimakhala 0,1% pachaka). Chifukwa chake muyenera kuganizira za kakhumi musanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama. Mwadzidzidzi adzakufunani?
| Zosiyanasiyana za madongosolo ndi nthawi | "Sberbank of Russia" | "VeshtorGbank 24" | "Banki Yapadziko Lonse" | Raiffeeenbank | Rosbank | Plerolvycazbank | "Muyezo waku Russia" | "Bank Bank" | "Mgwirizano" |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Madiponsi osakonzanso komanso kuchotsa ndalama | |||||||||
| Miyezi 6 | 5-5,51 | 5.5-65511 | 2.5-31 | 2.25-31; 2. | 5,74. | 6-7,51 | 5-61 | 6-6,51 | 6-6,51 |
| Miyezi 12 | - | 6.5-7,751 | 3-3,51 | 2.95-3,511; 2. | 7.35 | 7-8,51 | 6-71 | 7.25-81 | 7-7,51 |
| 24 miyezi | - | 7.5-81 | 3.5-41 | 3,19-4,051; 2. | - | - | - | - | 7-7,51 |
| Kusungitsa komanso popanda kuchotsa ndalama | |||||||||
| Miyezi 6 | - | 5.5-65511 | - | - | 5,79-5.991 | 5.5-63 | 4-51 | 6-6,51 | 5.75-6,251; 4. |
| Miyezi 12 | 5.5-61; 5. | 6.5-7,61 | - | - | 7.4-7,481 | 6.5-73. | 5-61 | 7.25-81 | 6,75-7,251; 4. |
| 24 miyezi | 6.5-71 | 6,75-751 | - | - | 7.75-7,851 | 6,53. | - | - | 6,75-7,251; 4. |
| Madiponsi obwezeretsanso komanso kuchotsa ndalama pang'ono | |||||||||
| Miyezi 6 | - | 5.25-61; 4. | 2.3-2.751 | - | 5,94-61 | 56. | - | 6-6,51 | 5.5-61; 4. |
| Miyezi 12 | 6.5-7,251; 4; 5 | 6-6.61; 4. | 2.8-3,2511 | - | 7.43-7,51 | 66. | - | 7.25-81 | 6.5-71; 4. |
| 24 miyezi | 6,75-7,51; 4. | 6.25-6,851; 4. | 3.3-3,751 | - | 7.8-7,951 | 66. | - | - | 6.5-71; 4. |
| 1-kutengera kuchuluka kwa ndalama; Kuchuluka kochepa kwa 2 ndi 3,000; 3 peresenti ikulipidwa pa kuchuluka kwake, ndikuwonjezeka kuchuluka, kuchuluka kwake kumawonjezeka; 4 peresenti ya ndalama zowonjezera zimaperekedwa pamlingo woyamba wopereka; 5 Zosunga kwa miyezi 13; 6 peresenti ikulipiridwa pamutu wosungira ndalama zochepa |
Zopereka Banks
Mabungwe azachuma m'dziko lathu ndi ambiri. Pali mabanki akuluakulu, okhala ndi nthambi zambiri, ndipo pali zazing'ono, zikugwira mumzinda womwewo. Koma zinthu zina zokhudzana ndi banki yomwe ingatengedwe ndalamazo, ndizothekabe kuulula.
Banks adapangidwa ndi kutenga nawo gawo kwa boma ndi lodalirika komanso lamphamvu, pambali pake, amakhala ndi maofesi akuluakulu a maofesi akulu ku Russia. Kutsogolo, izi zimatanthawuza "Sberbank of Russia" ndi "VeshtorGenkbank" (ntchito zonse zomwe ndi anthu omwe tsopano akubwera pansi pa Veshtorg 24 Brand). Chipatala, mabungwe azachuma oterowo chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo sizimapereka ndalama zambiri, mosiyana ndi mabanki wamba. Mwachibadwa.
Banks adapanga ndi kutenga nawo gawo kwa likulu lachilendo, komanso "ana aakazi" ochokera kumabanki akunja ("Stibank Solcow", "Raiffeenbanban", "Raiffeenbanban" ndi ena). Inde, kudalirika kwawo ndikosakanizidwa. Chifukwa chake, mwina ndizoyenera kunyamula ndalama zambiri, zosasawerengeka kuchokera ma ruble 100,000, boma. Koma khalani okonzekera kuti mudzalandilidwa osati chiwongola dzanja chokwera kwambiri.
Mabanki amalonda ndi akulu komanso ocheperako - aliyense mwanjira yanu: yomwe ili pafupi ndi nyumba yanu, ina ili ndi gulu lachitatu lomwe lili ndi bwanawe Sukulu yayikulu mwina siziyenera. Bwino, bwerezani, kugawa ndalama kwa ma ruble 100,000. ndikuyika mabanki angapo ogwira ntchito. Koma zisankho zomaliza zikhalabe kwa inu.
Kodi ndibwino bwanji kuyika ndalama popereka?
Tidapempha funsoli kuti ayankhe oimira mabanki akulu aku Russia.
Natalia Konovalova, Purezidenti Wachiwiri "VeshtorGbank Ogulitsa": "Zopereka zokongola kwambiri kwa nthawi yopitilira chaka chimodzi ndi mitengo yayikulu kwambiri pa iwo. Posankha chopereka choyenera ndi chiwongola dzanja chokwanira, mutha kuyika ndalama zowonjezera munthawi yonseyi, ngakhale Misika yamasika imatsika pang'ono mpaka pano. "
Lidiya Abedeni, Director of the Presvyvyazbazk Retail Bundulartment: "Ndimaona miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, miyezi 9 ndi chaka chimodzi mwa zaka zonse za malo osungira ndalama. Kuphatikiza apo, chiopsezo cha ndalama zambiri chimachepetsedwa. "
Ekaterina Deynigin, Wachiwiri kwa Wampando wa Board of Soyuz: "Kusankha kosungitsa ndi tsiku lomaliza limatengera zolinga za kasitomala. Ngati ali ndi chidwi ndi zokolola zambiri, ndiye kuti kusankha kwa nthawi yayitali (kwa iwo). Ngati wothandizira ikupanga ndalama zina (mwachitsanzo, kugula galimoto), ndiye kuti zomveka kwambiri- kuti zitsimikizire kutha kwa zomwe zachitika ku tsiku lino. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya madiponsiwo Mbiri ya zopereka zawo. Wolamulira amene anaperekedwa ndi Union alipo akangochita izi popanda zovuta. "
Dmitry Dmitry, Wachiwiritsa wa Dipatimenti Yogulitsa Vosban: "Mabanki ambiri mumitundu yawo amayang'ana pakupanga" kutalika "ndalama (zokongoletsedwa pano. - Ed.) Kutengera ndi ndalama zomwe zimapangidwira nthawi yayitali. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yabwino kwambiri yopangira ndalama miyezi 9 ndi zina. "
Ndi banki ya mzere wake wamanda, zovuta kapena zosavuta. Mitundu yonse ya madongosolo imatha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu: popanda kuthekera kobwezeretsa ndalama, pochotsa ndalama zothandizira komanso kuthekera pang'ono. Mtundu woyamba wa batolo umapereka mabanki onse osakwanira. Pamaso koteroko, ndibwino kusunga ndalama zambiri - kuchuluka kwakukulu, phindu lalikulu mudzalandira. Koma, kumbali inayo, kupeza ndalama sikungakhale kotheka (pokhapokha mutakhala okonzeka kukana ndalama). Amayika ndi kuthekera kobwezeretsa akaunti (yopambana) ndi yosavuta kwa "olemera." Chosakhalitsa chokhacho ndikutha kuchotsa ndalama popanda kutaya ndalama. Zosavuta kwambiri ziyenera kuzindikiridwa zosungidwa ndi mwayi woti mupereke zowonjezera komanso kuchotsa ndalama. Chitsanzo chabwino cha zoperekazo ndi "Ndalama" "Banja la Anthu International Moscow", lomwe, Malinga ndi Alexei Aksenov, mutu wa Bank of Retail ndi analogue chiwongola dzanja chachikulu.
Banks yosalala imakhala ndi zopereka zawo zokongola. Ena mwa iwo amakulolani kuti mudziwe ndalama ngati simuli pa nyumbayo, ndiye kuti pangopereka ngongole yoyamba. Nawa zitsanzo: zopereka za "ngongole ya" ngongole "mu" Bank "ndi" polojekiti "mu" chitsitsimutso "kubanki". Izi sizimangokhala ndi "kudzikundikira" kwawo. Zowonjezera zina pafupipafupi, mumapanga fano lathu lopanda phindu ... Tikambirana za izi kuposa masamba a magazini.
Otsatsa zikomo "Sberbank of Russia", "RafatorGbank", "Rufyyaknbanbank", "Romsvaybanbank", "Rushyazy Bank yapadziko lonse lapansi yothandizira kukonza kujambula ndi kupereka chidziwitso.