Osavuta, mphamvu, kuphweka

Chisankho cha mtundu wa kanyumba kawiri ndi dera la 169.6 m2, m'mudzi wa Toksovo Lenikwed Lemberad Dera, limapangitsa kuti ikhale yopanga.

Mitengo yamphamvu yamphamvu imasiyana kwambiri ndi nyumba yowala komanso yowala

Mapangidwe opangira matabwa amtundu waukulu kwambiri ndi khonde limawoneka bwino kwambiri kunyumba

Gome lalikulu lopaka - njira yodyera bwino kwambiri

Denga lovuta lovuta limachulukitsa malo othandiza pansi yachiwiri ndikupanga mawonekedwe osangalatsa mu kapangidwe kake. Njira yotsitsitsidwa yotsitsidwa imatsogolera kunyumba. Dera lalikulu la tsambalo limasinthidwa ndikubzalidwa ndi udzu wa udzu

Kulowa mnyumbayo kudzera mu msewu wawung'ono, mutha kupita kumalo omasuka, ngati kuti abale a eni ake ndi poyatsira moto, ndipo nthawi yomweyo mutha kuuka pansi yachiwiri kuchipinda chogona

Kuphatikiza kwa pulasitala ya pulasitala, miyala yachitsulo ndi mwala wokhala ndi nkhuni ndi mawonekedwe a nyumba yamakono

Mutu Wapamwamba Pakati pa Chipinda Chachipinda cha Khitchini - Kuphatikiza kwa malo oyera oyera, zitsulo zonyezimira ndipo zimakhazikika mu utoto, ndi makoma apansi, makoma ndi denga

Mizata yomwe imadutsamo imakhazikika pa ndodo yopindika. Kusintha Kwa Zima Zimachitika Pagires

Mapiri omwe ali pamalo osiyanasiyana, adefiti adatsindika malo okhala mchipinda chogona.

Chipinda chodyeramo cha khitchini chifukwa cha Windows yayikulu ikuwoneka kuti, pambali, pali njira yothetsera.

Masitepe oyenda matabwa amalumikiza pansi zonse ndikupanga masewera owonjezera a kuwala ndi mthunzi

Pokhala m'chipinda chogona, mawonekedwe osavuta a geometric amalamuliridwa, kutsutsana ndi nyali yovuta kwambiri makamaka

Pansi wachiwiri pali chipinda chogona cha master, kuphatikiza ndi chipinda chovala, komanso bafa, ilowe mu holo. Hall ndi chipinda champhamvu champhamvu, itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chipinda chopumira kapena chipinda chachiwiri. Kuchokera apa pali mwayi wa khonde

Wonyamuka ndi ma hamwino owoneka bwino pa khonde. Imapereka mpweya wabwino, mawonekedwe abwino komanso otonthoza kwambiri. Inde, ndipo udzudzu ung'ono

Bafa limakhala ndi matailosi, mwa kamvekedwe kake komwe kumagwirizana ndi zopangira matabwa.

Kwa zaka zambiri motsatana, mtengo wonse ku Russia ndi ku Russia zidakhala nyumba yayikulu yomanga. Pang'onopang'ono, ojambula opangira magalimoto apanga dongosolo lonse la njira zosiyanasiyana zomangirira zomanga, kuchuluka koyenera. Tinene, kuti tisunge kutentha kwa zenera ndi makomo ogona nyumba zidapangidwa, ndipo panali mazenera ochepa. Kuphatikizidwa, monga lamulo, kunakula molunjika, kotero ngati nyumba yonse imawoneka yovuta komanso yodzitchinjiriza.

Nyumba zamakono zamakono zomangidwa ndi Honka (Finland) m'mudzi wa Toksovo Lenirrad dera, kuwononga zochitika wamba. Sali ngati mitengo yamphamvu yamphamvu. Pali mitundu ina, mafomu a asymmetry, kuwala ndi chiyero. Monga maziko a nyumba yomwe tikufuna kunena, ntchito ya kanyumba kanyumba kamatengedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, mtundu wa Suvikumpa umasankhidwa monga mtundu woyambira, womwe umakhazikitsidwa kale mudzi uno ndipo motero amazolowera kasitomala osati ndi zithunzi ndi zojambula. Zojambula, ntchitoyi idasinthidwa siyabwino kwambiri. Zinangotenga kapangidwe kathunthu kachipinda chapansi, komanso kulowa khonde lozizira kwambiri pakhomo la ena, zochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Komabe, nyumbayo imafotokozedwa mu lingaliro losangalatsa - pofunsira mwini wakeyo, amapaka utoto wa imvi ndi oyera. ITo ngakhale zochulukirapo zimathandizira mtundu womanga ndi khonde ndi bwalo lamapiri.

Zinthu za dothi lamchenga lomwe limapangidwa m'deralo laloledwa kungokhala pachuma, wokhala ndi zipinda zapansi pansi pa kuwonongeka kwa monolithic. Ndi "kufika", nyumbazo zimagwiritsa ntchito dontho la mpumulo. Kuchokera kumbali ya nkhope, chipinda chapansi chikumira m'phiri, ndipo ndi chosemphana ndi kudula mazenera. Phirilo linayenera kuwonjezeredwa ndikulimbitsa khoma lopumira. Zilinso, komanso maziko, amapezeka ndi mwala wowala, zomwe zili zachikhalidwe kwa chilumba cha Karel ndipo chimatsindika mtundu wa zomangamanga. Kuganizira mosamala ndi kutsata nyumbayo pamalopo. Mawindo a chipinda chochezera adanyalanyaza chakumwera chakumadzulo, ndikuwonekeranso masana, pomwe eni ake akamaliza tsiku la ntchito, chipindacho chimadzaza ndi dzuwa. Ssiscos ndi makonde amapereka malingaliro okongola a udzu waukulu komanso chipwirikiti chowoneka bwino.

Makomawo ali ndi mitengo yaini yolumikizidwa m'makona mothandizidwa ndi nthawi zakale kuyambira kalekale ndi zotsalira. Kunja, kapangidwe kake kazikutira ndi chinyezi, bowa ndi tizilombo tavin

Kukonza Brene

Chimodzi mwazinthu zamitengo ndi hygroscoficity, ndiye kuti, chinyezi chabwino. Chifukwa cha mtundu uwu, makhoma a matabwa amakhala mtundu wa fyuluta yachilengedwe yomwe imathandizira bwino nyengo. Mtengo umatenga chinyezi cham'madzi chokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri ndipo, m'malo mwake, chimanyowa, ndikumupatsa chinyontho ake. Komabe, posintha chinyontho, kukula kwa zinthu zamatabwa kumasintha (mtengowo umawuma kapena kutuweka). Ndipo, monga lamulo, mtundu uwu wa oscillation ndi wopanda malire. Zotsatira zake ndikupsinjika mu nkhuni mkati mwa nkhuni, zomwe zimayambitsa mapangidwe a ming'alu yayitali, yomwe imachepetsa mphamvu ya kutentha ndikuwononga mawonekedwe a mitengoyo.

Ntchito yomanga nyumba paukadaulo wa ku Finland imapereka zokweza nkhuni m'zipinda zapadera, komanso kukonza kwake kwapadera. Izi zimathandiza pafupifupi katatu kuti muchepetse chinyezi chazinthuzo ndikuchepetsa mapangidwe a ming'alu. Mukachotsa makungwawo pa chipikacho chopindika cha italiikulu yopanga zojambulajambula. Zotsatira zake zimachepetsedwa magetsi kuwonongeka chifukwa choyanika, ndipo ming'alu yayikulu yachilengedwe siyiwiri. Kenako chipikacho chimatumizidwa kuchipinda chowuma, posiya, chinyezi chake sichidutsa 18% ya chilengedwe. Kuwongolera kwamakompyuta kowuma, kumapangidwa pa zida zamakono, kumakupatsani mwayi wopereka fanizo la chinyezi.

Pambuyo pake, bwalo lofiirira (m'mimba mwake kutalika kwathunthu ndi lolingana), ndipo malo amsonkhanowo amasankhidwa mu zinthu zopindika. Mitengo yomalizidwa imakutidwa ndi mawonekedwe apadera omwe amasunga utoto wamatanda ndikuwateteza nthawi ndi chinyezi kuchokera ku chinyezi, bowa ndi tizilombo. Zinthu zonse za malo ogona mtsogolo ndizophatikizika, zodziwika bwino komanso zolimba mu filimu ya polyethylene. Chifukwa chake, pafupifupi mitengo youma ya mawonekedwe abwino amagwera pamalo omanga. Chifukwa cha izi, kukana kwa mafuta ndi mawonekedwe a makoma omwe akwezedwa ndikwabwino kwambiri kuposa njira yachikhalidwe.

Nyumba yocheperako imawerengeredwa pasadakhale ndipo, chifukwa cha zidule zina zopindulitsa, zimachitika mosadziwika, kale ntchito yake. Mwachitsanzo, mukamalumikiza rafter ndi chipika chapamwamba ndikuyika masitepe, kukwera kwapadera kwapadera kunagwiritsidwa ntchito. Miyezo yaying'ono idasiyidwa pazenera ndi mabokosi a khomo (amadzaza ndi kuphitsa ndipo nthawi yochepa imatha chifukwa cha shrinkage). Nthambi zofananira zikuwoneka m'malo olumikizana a mitengo yomwe imathandizira, omwe amathandizidwa ndi khonde. Zinthu zopingasa zimakhazikika pamizere yokhawo, koma kwa "zomangira zokhazikitsidwa mwa iwo, zomwe nyumbayo idzasokonekera pang'ono.

Chinsinsi china cha zomangamanga chimalumikizidwa ndi mphamvu yake. Chowonadi ndi chakuti zingwe zimayikidwa mkati mwa mitengo (nthawi zambiri imayikidwa munjira zakunja). Honka ali ndi chilolezo choyenera mphamvu.

Nyumbayo ndi yopanda tanthauzo. Malo ake onse, akuganizira kuti malekezero ndi khonde, ali pafupifupi 170m2. Komabe, chifukwa cha malo oyenera, kumverera kwa mantha sikuchitika. Mu "mobisa" gawo lapansi, m'chipinda china, dongosolo loyeretsa madzi limakhazikitsidwa. Pafupi ndi sauna wokhala ndi sauna ndi bafa, ndipo zipinda zonsezi zili ndi zipinda zofunda (komanso mabafa am'mwamba komanso malo olowera). Aocina oyandikana ndi sauna a chipinda chotsalira ndi nduna wa mwiniwakeyo amayang'ana pa polyana wamkulu wobiriwira.

Pansi pa yoyamba pali holo yolowera ndi ma tambo, chipinda chochezera, chipinda chodyera cha khitchini, bafa komanso chipinda chogona cha alendo. Palibe kuphatikizika kwina konse m'chipinda chochezera, kotero kuti kutalika kwake kumangokhala ndi zomangira padenga, ndipo mizere ya pansi yachiwiri ndi masitepe otchinga amatsegulidwa ku Ferris. Othandizira adasiyanitsidwa kwambiri ndi kupanga malo amodzi omwe madera a canteen ndi Khitchini amaphatikizidwanso. Kukhitchini, malo otsatsa amasinthidwa ndi matayala a ceramic, osiyana pang'ono ndi utoto.

Pakatikati pa malo wamba ndi gwero lowonjezera la kutentha mnyumbamo amatenga malo otsekera otsekeka kawiri (Supra, France), kukhazikika kumalire a chipinda chochezera ndi chipinda chodyeramo. Zokongoletsera izi zimaphatikiza kuwala pang'ono, kuwuluka kosalala kwa utoto ndi chitsulo chonyezimira. Malinga ndi mwiniwake, malo oyatsira motowo ali ofanana ndi aquarium ndi salamandra. Apri akuwoneka kuchokera kumwamba, kuchokera ku holo, ndipo mchipinda chokhacho chimatenga kufanana kulikonse ngati sichofanana ndi aquarium, ndiye kuti malo am'madzi amadzaza ndi madzi.

Madera onse kasitomala amaperekedwa payekha. Adasanduka Laconic, omasuka komanso odekha: nkhuni zambiri, mpweya wambiri, malo ochepera mipando ndi zowonjezera.

Tebulo lamatabwa ndi mipando yowala ya wicker ndi yabwino kugwiritsa ntchito pamtunda, komanso pa udzu pamaso pa nyumbayo

Khoma losungika ngati likukula m'phiri ndipo limawoneka zachilengedwe, ndipo pansi mpaka lili ndi mwala womwewo womwe umachitika

Mutha kulowa mnyumba kudzera kumbali, makwerero ang'onoang'ono amatsogolera pakhomo la malekezero, ndipo chitseko chofewa - m'chipinda chodyera

Ogwirizana m'chipinda chochezera, chipinda chodyera cha khitchini ndi holo yothetsa bwino kwambiri ndikukhala ndi mitundu yoyera komanso yamiyala yoyera, tebulo lozizira kwambiri. Nyali yosankhidwa bwino yomwe imathandizira kuti mkati mwazinthu zina popanda kusokoneza zonse (zonsezi ndi zofanana ndi mawonekedwe okha). Chipinda chogona chimakongoletsedwa ndi mipando yakuda, yokhazikika komanso yokongola.

Malo onse owonjezera omwe ali patsamba (kusamba kakang'ono kwa Russia, komwe kumamangidwa malinga ndi malo osungirako honka, kuphatikiza malo ogulitsira osavuta pagalimoto ziwiri). Ndiwokonda zachilengedwe, yosavuta komanso anzeru. IIS ya mankhwalawa amabadwa chithunzi chogwirizanitsa chomwe chimafanana ndi malingaliro amakono pazomwe zili ndi malingaliro, kukongola ndi malo a munthu padziko lapansi.

Kuwerengera kokulirapo kwa mtengo wa ntchito ndi zida zomanga nyumbayo ndi malo onse a 170m2, ofanana ndi omwe aperekedwa

Dzina la Ntchito	Mayunitsi. kusintha	Chiwerengero cha	Mtengo, $	Mtengo, $
Ntchito Zakhazikitsidwa
Amatenga nkhwangwa, makonzedwe, chitukuko ndi kupumula	m3.	360.	khumi zisanu ndi zitatu	6480.
Chipangizo cha maziko, zosafunikira	m2.	150.	zisanu ndi zitatu	1200.
Chipangizo cha ma conner okhazikika ndi ma curlaps	m3.	53.	60.	3180.
Chipangizo chosungira makoma, makhoma a miyala	m3.	38.	40.	1520.
Chenjezo lofananira	m2.	340.	3.	1020.
Zonse	13400.
Zogwiritsidwa ntchito pagawo
Konkriti	m3.	53.	62.	3286.
Chotchinga cha makoma apansi pa apansi fbs	PC.	93.	khumi ndizisanu ndi zinai	1767.
Mwala wosweka mwala, mchenga	m3.	43.	28.	1204.
Tumimaus Polymer Mastic, hydrohotellol	m2.	340.	3.	1020.
Galimoto, yankho lokonry ndi zinthu zina	konza	chimodzi	1140.	1140.
Zonse	8420.
Makoma, magawo
Makoma a nduna kuchokera ku mitengo, malekezero, veranda, alendo	m3.	42.	80.	3360.
Anatentha makoma a makoma osenda	m2.	170.	12	2040.
Zonse	5400.
Zogwiritsidwa ntchito pagawo
Timber Honka.	m3.	53.	400.	21200.
Kuthamanga ndi zinthu zina	konza	chimodzi	540.	540.
Zonse	217440.
Chida chodetsa
Kukhazikitsa kwa kapangidwe katatu ndi zikopa	m2.	210.	12	2520.
Chipangizo cholumikizira tating'onoting'ono	m2.	210.	13	2730.
Kukhazikitsa kwa Dothi	RM. M.	47.	khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi	752.
Zonse	6000.
Zogwiritsidwa ntchito pagawo
Denga lodekha leminanja.	m2.	210.	12	2520.
Matabwa a Eddel Honka.	m3.	12	400.	4800.
Steam, Mphepo ndi mafilimu othira madzi	m2.	210.	2.	420.
Kutaya dongosolo	konza	chimodzi	1160.	1160.
Zonse	8900.
Lembani zofunda
Kutulutsa zokutira ndi zowonjezera	m2.	210.	2.	420.
Kudzaza mawindo ndi chitseko	m2.	76.	35.	2660.
Zonse	3080.
Zogwiritsidwa ntchito pagawo
Ubweya wa mchere	m2.	210.	3.	630.
Zenera lamatabwa limasula honka (galasi lazipinda ziwiri)	m2.	makumi atatu	270.	8100.
Khomo la matabwa limatchinga honka	PC.	12	-	2900.
Zonse	11630.
Makina Opanga
Chipangizo cha madzi (chabwino)	konza	chimodzi	-	2270.
Kukhazikitsa kwa dongosolo la chimbudzi (Septic)	konza	chimodzi	-	3320.
Chipangizo choyatsira	konza	chimodzi	-	2700.
Ntchito yamagetsi ndi yamagetsi	konza	chimodzi	-	4500.
Zonse	12790.
Zogwiritsidwa ntchito pagawo
Sudtik Onor	konza	chimodzi	-	6800.
Moto wamoto supra.	konza	chimodzi	-	2800.
De-vi pansi potenthetsera	konza	chimodzi	-	470.
Harvia uvuni	konza	chimodzi	-	550.
Mankhwala othandizira madzi (Russia)	konza	chimodzi	-	430.
Kukakamiza mpweya wabwino (Russia)	konza	chimodzi	-	2600.
Zida zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi	konza	chimodzi	-	7300.
Zonse	20950.
Kumaliza ntchito
Denga ndi chingwe, kuphatikiza pansi za glk, chipangizo cha zokutira za bolodi	m2.	670.	khumi chimodzi	7370.
Nkhope zoyang'anizana ndi matayala a ceramic, mwala	m2.	98.	khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi	1568.
Kusonkhanitsa masitepe ndi zokutira ndi nsanja, Joinery	konza	-	-	5600.
Zojambula	konza	-	-	4900.
Zonse	19430.
Zogwiritsidwa ntchito pagawo
Ma board pansi, HONKA ling	konza	-	-	12400.
Miyala yokongoletsera, mataiti a ceramic, masitepe, ma valk, ma varnish, utoto, kusakaniza ndi zinthu zina	konza	-	-	11900.
Zonse	24300.
Mtengo wonse wa ntchito	60500.
Mtengo wonse wa zida	96000.
Zonse	156130.

Dongosolo Lapansi

Dongosolo la chipinda chachiwiri

Dongosolo la pansi