Chiwembuchi chimapangidwa mwachindunji kuti nyumba ili paphiripo. Gawo lachitatu la katundu wokhala ndi matupi amadzi omwe adakonzedwa m'malo osiyanasiyana, ndi mitengo ya nkhalango
Omangamanga Daace Brezinsk, Hava Skedn. Chithunzi cha Karen Manko
Omanga ku Okleborodova. Chithunzi cha Karen Manko
Wopanga Andris Steinberg. Chithunzi cha Karen Manko
Omanga igor Firsov. Chithunzi cha Karen Manko
Malo omwe nyumbayi imayimira nyumbayo ili m'nkhalango ya paini, pamphepete mwa mchenga. Zochitika izi zimabweretsa mwayi womanga, chifukwa Mchenga wowuma umapanga ngalande yachilengedwe yachilengedwe. Chipinda chapansi pa maziko adasankhidwa kapangidwe ka korolithic
Kufika ku mlandu wodalirikawu, popeza kugula chiwembu chomanga nyumba ya dziko lapansi, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti malo omwe nyumbayo ndi njira ya gululi ndi amadalira banja ndi Moyo ukhale ndi moyo.
Chifukwa chake, ambiri mwa okalamba ambiri amakonda kusokoneza minda ndi m'mundamo, ndipo wina amakonda kukhalabe mu mpweya wabwino. Kuyang'ana kwina kumakondweretsedwa ndi mabedi olemekezeka, mabedi ena okongola, madandaulo, malo. Achinyamata ndi Ana, monga lamulo, amagwira ntchito mwachangu. Amafuna malo oyendayenda, samva kuphika ma kebab, atakhala pamoto .p. Pachifukwa ichi, madera a m'gulu lazidziwitso ayenera kukhala njira yophunzitsira bwino yomwe imaganizira zofuna za aliyense m'banjamo. Kuthandiza ndi kukongola pano zimagwirizanitsidwa mosamala.
Posankha chiwembu, kupatula mtengo wake, ndikofunikira kusamala ndi zochitika zofunika kwambiri: Kupezeka kwa kulumikizana kwa mayendedwe, kupezeka kwa kulumikizana kwa ukadaulo (madzi, chilengedwe), chilengedwe cha m'derali , chikhalidwe cha chitukuko cha masamba oyandikana nawo. Ndikofunikira kulinganiza m'gawo momwemo madera atatu ogwira ntchito: okhala, okhala ndi nyumba, mabedi a maluwa, kupumulakona; Munda m'munda kumunda; Banja, lokhala ndi Hozblock, bafa ndi bafa (ngati alibe m'nyumba), yosonkhetsa zinyalala. Zowonerera zoyenera zimaganiziranso zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale mbali zonse za kuunika (mwachitsanzo, malo achuma amakongoletsa kuchokera kumpoto), mpumulo ndi kukula kwa tsambalo, mphepo idawuka. Koma zonsezi zimachitika pambuyo pake, chifukwa wopanga bwino kwambiri m'malo mwa nyumba zake mtsogolo amapempha kuti apempherere.
"Ndipo apa adapeza munda waukulu ..."
Chimodzi mwazovuta kwambiri za Russian Geodeey masiku ano ndi mkhalidwe wovuta wa geodesic network (ma network a zinthu zoyambirira omwe amasunga magwiridwe antchito ndikupereka malo amodzi ogwirizanitsa). Izi zimatitsimikizira kuti mabungwe ambiri osapeza zisonyezo, popanga ntchito, kumanga mitu, malo omwe adatsimikizika moyenera. Zotsatira zake zimakhala zodabwitsa zikagula malowa, wopanga amaphunzira kuti wina ndi mnzake. Chifukwa chake "kukwiya" komwe kumayenderana njira, ndipo funso la umwini muzochitikali limatha kulimbana ndi khothi lokha lidzatsutsidwa ngati akatswiri.
Ndiye chifukwa chake, ndikangoyamba kugulitsa malowa, nthawi yomweyo iyenera kutchedwa akatswiri azifufuza penipeni. Ndikofunikira, ngakhale mutu wa malondawo ndi chuma chakale ndi zaka zomwe zilipo ndi malirewo. Monga mukudziwa, gulu lathu limakonda kusunthira mipanda, ndipo ngati malire a "kuvala" idakhazikitsidwa kale pamzere woyambirirawo, kenako nkusintha, ndizosatheka kulosera zotsatirapo zake. Kukula kwa tsambalo kumatha kukhala kocheperako, ndipo ngati dziko lapansi lili m'chiyanjano chotchuka, ndiye kuti chisokonezo mu 2-30 chimasandulika kukhala kuchuluka kwakukulu.
Iyenera kusonkhana kuti kuwombera kwapamwamba kumeneku, kunapangitsa zaka zoposa zitatu zapitazo, zimaganiziridwa kuti zachikale. Lamuloli limakhudzanso milandu imeneyo pomwe kafukufukuyu adapangidwa, koma adamangidwa pambuyo pake ndipo adamangidwa ndipo adamangidwa. Palibe wongopeka wokana chikumbumtima udzayamba kugwira ntchito, popanda kukhala ndi dongosolo lapamwamba la malo omwe adapangidwa ndi zoyambira za Geodelist kutengera zotsatira za kuwombera. Dongosolo ili ndi chithunzi cha mtunda wa mtunda, womwe umakupatsani kuwerengera malo omanga, kuchuluka kwa dothi lapansi kumasankhidwa pansi pa pitani, pangani polojekiti yomwe ilipo.
Komabe, kukonzekera dongosolo la Pultographic la kugwira ntchito kwa geodesist sikungokhala. Kupitilira apo, polojekitiyo kuchotsedwa kwa chilengedwe ndi kukonza zomanga kuyenera kuchitika komwe, mkati mwa ma geodesic kuwongolera, kafukufuku wa Executive kumachitika (zotsatira zake zimajambulidwa mu pasipoti yomanga). Zonsezi ndizofunikira chifukwa omanga nthawi zina amagwirizana kwambiri ndi deta ya polojekiti, ndipo zotsatira zake zimakhala "nyumbayo" nyumbayo imatha kusuntha "mamita angapo. Ndikofunikira kwambiri pa siteji iyi kuti mukonzekere malo ovomerezeka mobisa, zomwe ndizofunikira popanga ntchito yotsatira kapena kumanga malo owonjezera. Pochita izi, makonzedwe enieni a kulumikizana nthawi zambiri samalembedwa, ndipo ogwirizana ndi zitsanzo zawo ("mita itatu kuchokera pafupi ndi") amatsimikizika ("mita itatu kuchokera pafupi ndi chipilala"), ndiye kuyiwalika bwino.
Gawo la malowa limakonzedwa kuti magawo awiri ogwira ntchito apangidwe - okhala komanso azachuma.
1- Nyumba;
2-zipinda zogometsa;
3-parade;
4 - Yoservoir;
5th driveway;
6-udzu;
7.Ndipo nsanja yowuma bafuta;
8- Wotolera
Chithandizo chiyenera kukhala chodalirika
Mtundu woyenera wa maziko amasankhidwa malinga ndi zotsatira za kusanthula kwa geopedes. Izi zikuyenera kuchitika ndi akatswiri omwe adzadziwe ngati sadzaopsezedwa ndi nyumba ya kusakhazikika, yomwe imapangidwa chifukwa cha kukokoloka kwa dothi lokhala ndi nthaka yapansi.
Ndikofunikiranso kukhazikitsa mphamvu yonyamula dothi, yomwe amayendetsa mayeso obowola pazozungulira za nyumba yopangidwa. Ndikosafunikira kwambiri kuyika zomangamanga mu maluwa otentha kapena pamchenga ndipo munthawi ina ndipo nthawi inanso iyenera kulimbitsa maziko.
Mwambiri, chifukwa mtundu wa dothi udzakhala pansi pa nyumba, mphamvu zake ndi kulimba zimatengera. Mavuto owopsa kwambiri, peat ndi dambo. Posachedwa, maziko ochokera kumandira a konkriti amalimbikitsidwa, omwe amatsekedwa m'nthaka mpaka madzi 4 mpaka 15m, ku dothi la "chabwino". Pa dothi lofooka, komanso pafupi ndi pansi panthaka pansi, nyumbayo idayikidwa konkriti yolimbikitsidwa, yomwe imagwira ntchito ngati mtundu wa "raft". Madothi amchenga amafuna kukhazikitsa mabatani a konkriti.
"Nthawi zambiri m'matolankhani, akupereka ndemanga za zitsanzo zosakoka, kudandaula: palibe dothi loyipa, palibe chomwe chingawapangirepo." Izi sizabwino kwathunthu zoona! Kumanga pafupifupi kulikonse, koma nthawi yomweyo, nyumbayo iyenera kukhala yochokera pamaziko oyenera. Mukakhala m'manja, zotsatira za pansi pomwe ndi madzi owoneka bwino ka maziko. Ngati mukufuna malowa chifukwa chofunikira kwambiri chochita zinthu zovuta zomanga, mtengo womanga ukhoza kupangidwa. Kukula kwake kumatha kukumba ndalama zowonjezera m'dzikomo, koma kuti musankhe chiwembu china , Albeit makilomita ochepa kuchokera koyambirira, koma ndi dothi labwino kwambiri. "
Kapangidwe ka maziko ndi kapangidwe ka nyumba ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa mu nyengo imodzi yomanga.
1- Nyumba;
Nyumba ya Shirishi;
3- Nyumba Yachuma;
4- Plate forhacue;
Munda wamamita 5;
6 - Yoservoir;
7- Alpinarium;
8- Munda wa zipatso;
9th tchuthi cha tchuthi
Mabuku a desktop ya wopanga
Pali mndandanda wonse wa zikalata zowongolera zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa ziwembu. Choyamba, ndi cholumikizira cholowa 11-106-97 "njira yopanga, kulumikizana, kuvomerezedwa ndi kapangidwe ka kapangidwe kake kopanga gawo la magwiridwe antchito (ochokera) a nzika." Kachiwiri, Snip 30-02-97 "Kukonzekera Gawo la Magawo a Ndortericamil (Dziko) la nzika, nyumba ndi nyumba." Zolemba ziwirizi zili ndi zinthu zosiyana kwambiri (ku Snop 30-02-97, mafunso akuluakulu amakhazikika mwamphamvu Mphamvu yovomerezeka: zikhalidwe za Snop 30-02-97 zimafunikira kuti ziphedwe, ndipo mgwirizanowo ungatheke 11-106-97 "Khazikitsani zomwe ananena kuti apatsidwe" snip 30-02-97.Kuyambitsa Kukonzekera tsambalo, ndikofunikira kuganizira zofunikira za ndime 6.7 ndi 6.8 Snip 30-02-97, kuwongolera zotsatirazi ndi zochitika zapaukhondo:
Kutalika kocheperako kumalire a munda wapafupi: kuchokera ku nyumbayo (kapena kunyumba) - 3m, kuchokera kumayendedwe a ziweto zazing'ono ndi nkhuku zina, 1m; kuchokera ku mitengo ikuluitali ya mitengo yayitali - 4m, midddaling, 2m, kuchokera ku shrub-m;
Mtunda pakati pa nyumba ndi malire a dera loyandikana limayesedwa kuchokera pansi pa nyumba kapena khoma la nyumbayo (kusapezeka), ngati zinthu zanyumba, ropy idr) osachita zoposa 50cm kuchokera pa ndege. Ngati achita zoposa 50cm, mtunda umayesedwa kuchokera ku magawo ozungulira kapena pompopompo iwo kunthaka (chitoliro cha iwo pansi (chimbudzi cha madenga a madenga omwe ali pazakudya za pansi);
Akamangidwa pamalopo okhala ndi nyumba zachuma, ali kutali kwambiri ndi 1m kuchokera pamalire a munda woyandikana nawo, madengawo ayenera kukhala omangika pamalo ake. Mtunda wochepera pakati pa nyumba ndi: Kuchokera kunyumba ndi ma cellars mpaka zimbudzi ndi nyumba zokhala ndi ng'ombe zazing'ono ndi mbalame - 12m, kusamba, osamba (saunas) - 8m; Kuchokera pachitsime mpaka chimbudzi ndi chipangizo cha kompositi, 8m.
Mukamasankha polojekiti, muyenera kuganizira za malowo a tsambalo mbali za kuwalako. Kwa gawo limodzi, mutha kuyang'ana kwambiri chipinda chokhalamo amodzi m'nyumba ziwiri, zipinda ziwiri zogona m'makomo atatu, zipinda zitatu mu nyumba zisanu ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi. Zabwino kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe a South ndi Southeast. Apa, ana ndi zipinda zogona nthawi zambiri zimakhala zida zokwanira: m'mawa, atatha usiku wozizira, malowa amasungunuka bwino komanso kutentha, ndipo madzulo.
Nyumbayo ndiyabwino kuyika mbali kupita ku msewu. Njira yabwino ndikumangirira patali cha 4-6m kuchokera kumalire a tsambalo. Pankhaniyi, zingatheke kuteteza mawonekedwe a fumbi ndi phokoso la msewu wokhala ndi zokongoletsera zobiriwira.
Olga Gavlillava, pulofesa wothandizirana ndi dipatimenti ya Geoussity of Russian University of Facines:
Aliyense ali ndi zotchinga zambiri zaposachedwa zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zofunikira za chilengedwe kuti awononge nyumba zachinsinsi zomwe zili m'dera la chitetezo cha madzi. Monga mukudziwa, vutoli silinakhudze nzika wamba, komanso nyenyezi zosonyeza bizinesi. Poyerekeza ndi zomwe zidanenedwazo, patapita nthawi, izi zimangokulira. Chifukwa chake musayike pachiwopsezo cha malo anu amtsogolo. Zambiri ndizosangalatsa kudziteteza pasadakhale, zomwe zimayang'aniridwa ndi mkuluyu wa akatswiri a akatswiri a Geowesiki. "
Nyumba yanga ndi nyumba yanga yachifumu?
Chifukwa cha kampani yathu ya nzika zathu, nyumba zambiri zamakizidzi zimasankhidwa mosaloledwa, popanda zovomerezeka ndi mabungwe oyenerera aboma. Zonsezi zimatha kubweretsa zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri kwa eni nyumba ngati amenewa, mpaka kuwonongedwa kwa nyumba. Ichi ndichifukwa chake muyenera kulandira chilolezo, ndipo kenako pitirizani kumanga.
Njira Yomanga Nyumba Yapayekha Kudera la Moscow Dera la Moscow limatsimikiziridwa ndi ziganizo zomangira ku Moscow, kapangidwe kake ka chitukuko, kulumikizana ndi kuvomerezedwa ndi kapangidwe kake kanyumba ka Chigawo cha Moscow (TSN PMS-97 mo) "(chovomerezedwa ndi boma la ku Moscow Centring n 28/9 la Marichi 30, 1998).
Gawo la malowa lidakonzedwa m'njira yoti nyumbayo, kusamba ndi nyumba zachuma zidatenga mbali yakumanzere ya munda - kutali ndi mseu. Muwu wamasamba wamasamba wokhala ndi mabedi ndi wowonjezera kutentha nawonso wobisika. Mbali yakumanja imaperekedwa ku zokongoletsera.
1- Nyumba;
2 - Kusamba;
3- Nyumba Yachuma;
4-udzu;
Munda wa 5;
6 - Yoservoir;
NKHANI YA NTHAWI ZIWANA:
8- Munda wa zipatso;
9 - Wogometsa;
10-
Phukusi lofunikira pa njirayi imatha kupatsa kasitomala ndi kampani yomanga ndi yomanga yomwe ali ndi mgwirizano. Pankhaniyi, kuti mulandire chilolezo, zidzakhala zokwanira kutumiza kalata yopita ku dzina la womanga wamkulu kapena mutu wa makonzedwe am'deralo.
Monga loya wamkulu wa kampaniyo "Yuro-ntchito", Andrei Grischendov, adazindikira, ngakhale kumapeto kwa kapangidwe kake, ndikumadzithokoza kwambiri kuti ndiwe nkhaniyo. Poyamba, iyenera kuperekedwa kwaubwenzi ndi luso lopanga Bureau (BTI) ndikulembetsa nyumba ndikukhazikitsa ku State Register ya nyumba ndi nyumba. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti BTI sadzapereka maziko ake mpaka kumapeto kwa ntchito. Chinthu chotsimikizika chitha kuonedwa ngati chifukwa chosowa zitseko za nyumba yosungirako zambiri. Koma atapanga zomangamanga ku State Register, kasitomala amatenga mawonekedwe a mwininyumba, komanso udindo wolemekezeka kuti apereke msonkho, malinga ndi malamulo omwe ali ndi ndalama, mpaka chinthucho chija sinaweruzidwe.
Maxim Novikov, wamkulu wa kampani ya Geometer:
"Kusazindikira za dothi kumatha kubweretsa zovuta zoopsa. Maziko opangidwa molakwika omwe sagwirizana ndi dothi lotere, Kuzama kwa dothi kumatha kutembenukira kuti zitseko zisasunthire Nyumba yamatabwa, ikugwetsa mafelemu a Windo, ndipo m'mabuku, kuwoneka kuti ming'alu m'makoma ayamba kuwonongedwa kwa nyumba zomanga. "
Okonza zikomo kwambiri Geomer Llc, akatswiri a Cjscsc, akatswiri a bungwe la Federal Comangane Comangane .