Mangani ku Danish

Nyumba yakumadzulo kwa Ruble Russian. Ntchito yomanga nyumba yadzikoli paukadaulo wa Danish-chimango. Kuwerengera.

Danie akunena: Chisa chomwe chingachitike pabanjachi chikhoza kukhala "chilimbikitso" chifukwa cha trisosla

Nthawi zisanu ndi ziwiri zimasungidwa kamodzi. Lamuloli limatsatiridwa ndi omanga, akufufuza dothi pansi pa zilembo zosungiramo maziko

Kumanga nyumba yamtsogolo kuderalo

Ntchito yokhazikitsa dongosolo imafunikira Crane

Zogawa zamkati zimawonetsedwa ndi mulingo mutakhazikitsa makhoma awiri oyandikana nawo.

Zosiyanasiyana zimakhomedwa ndi karoti wa chibayo

Msonkhano waukulu upangiri wa pneamu

Mafamu a nyemba amasonkhanitsidwa padziko lapansi kuchokera ku zinthu zomalizidwa. Pa kulumikizana kwawo, matabwa ndi zitsulo zazitsulo

Kukhazikitsa pawindo la domer kumachitika musanakhazikitse lumpy lumpy \

Kutsogolo kwakhazikitsidwa m'malo ndi windows

Mapangidwe a khonde amapereka kusintha kwa mafakitale. Chifukwa izi zimakhala ndi zosintha

Mapulogalamu otuwa amaperekedwa kumalo omangawo nthawi yomweyo asanagonerepo poyikidwe komanso popanga denga

Zinthu zam'makomo zimalumikizidwa ndi ngodya, chitsulo ndi mitengo yamatabwa.

Mipata pakati pa mbale za kusokonekera kwa khomo la basani likamenyedwera

Mawindo ophatikizidwa ndi manard adayikidwa mu zotseguka zokonzekereratu

Kuyika matailosi achilengedwe kumachitika ndi mizere kuchokera pansi. Zomalizidwa kuti tiike matayala zimagawidwa pamitengo ya ma crate kuti ndikosavuta kutenga

Mapulogalamu a ma gypsum fish amasinthidwa ndi miyala yamiyala ya denga la chibayo

Kuyang'ana nyumbayo kumachitika pafupipafupi. Ngakhale makulidwe athunthu a khoma ndi 40cm, kutentha kwake kumatchinga katundu kumafanana ndi njerwa ndi makulidwe a 1.5m

Dongosolo Lapansi

Dongosolo la chipinda chachiwiri

Mukufuna kumanga nyumba yapamwamba kwambiri yaku Western Russia? Kodi mumalota kuti ndi okongola, ofunda ndipo nthawi yayitali sanafunikire kukonza kwakukulu? Ndipo nthawi yomweyo safuna kutembenuza zomanga kukhala zopanda malire? Kenako khalani ndi chidwi ndi momwe mafupawo-skeleton-skeleton amapezeka kwa gulu la anthu a ku Russia amangidwa m'mabusa.

Golide amatanthauza

Kumanga nyumba kumayamba ndi board yonyamula ngongole ikuwoneka ngati nyumba ya Danish yomwe anthu oimira mikata apakati? Osati ngati Elsinor Castle, komanso osati monga "pogona pa Chushonza." Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zomangirira bwino kwambiri zopangidwa ndi pulojekiti wamba kuchokera pazotsika mtengo. Kumanga nyumba zotsika kwambiri kumapatsa Russia kukhala mwayi weniweni wopeza nyumba yawoyawo. Ogulitsa ambiri m'maiko onsewa akufuna kukhala ndi malo apamwamba kwambiri pazotsika zochepa zolengedwa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mapulojekiti aku Derwas, kwa nthawi yoyamba m'dziko lathu, yokhazikitsidwa kudera la Moscow, limayambitsidwa ndi gulu lathu lomwe lakhala likukhala.

Ponena za nyumba zotsika mtengo zimamangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje oyeserera. Mapangidwe a payekha amawonjezera mtengo wa nyumbayo kawiri. Makampani a Danish amapereka kasitomala kusankha njira zingapo zothandizira nyumba zosiyanasiyana. Pankhaniyi, pulojekiti iliyonse imatha kumaliza. Mwachitsanzo, nyumbayo imaperekedwa ndi gawo limodzi lokha ndi popanda iyo. Komabe, Danes amakonzeka kumanga nyumba komanso malinga ndi ntchito zokha. Tsatirani miyezi iwiri kuchokera pamulungu ya mgwirizano pafakitale imasonkhanitsidwa ndikukonzekera kutumiza zigawo zonse zam'tsogolo kunyumba, kuphatikizapo zotayidwa. Munthawi imeneyi, maziko amaponyedwa pamalo omanga, madzi, magetsi, mafuta amakhazikika ku chinthucho.

Nambalayo imakhazikika pa bolodi lanyumba yazonyamula zigawenga za zopangidwa zatsopano ku Russia ku Russia Bokosi la Pursia limayikidwa kunja kwa njerwa, zomwe zagulidwa kasitomala , kapena kunja. Ananso kwambiri a nyumba zotere ndi mapangidwe. Komabe, nyumba za ku Danish ndizosiyana kwambiri ndi iwo kuti madera onse a mapangidwe awo limodzi ndi trim amapangidwa mu mawonekedwe a mapanelo mu fakitale, osati pamalo omanga. Pomanga makoma ndi magawo, mapanelo opangidwa ndi ukadaulo wa Dalasha a Isolierung agwiritsidwa ntchito. Zimakupatsani mwayi woti mupange mapanelo opulumutsa mphamvu popanda ma seams ndi gawo lalitali mpaka 13.8m (m'litali mwake la galimotoyo kuti iyende), pomwe makhoma amasonkhanitsidwa. Maonekedwe a mapanelo amapangidwa ndi gypsim fide ya Fermam Fider Ferphy Company ya Company, yolimba katundu 50kg / cm2. Ma voids amadzazidwa ndi rockwool Basillet fiber (ku Denmark). Kuchokera kumbali ya chipindacho, kutentha kutentha kwa mapaneli kumatetezedwa ndi nthunzi yolumikizirana yofiyira, kunja kwake kwakutidwa ndi mbale yamphepo yochokera ku Norbit (ku Norway), nthawi yomweyo kuteteza ndi chinyontho.

Makatodi a njerwa amafunikira kuti achuluke mphamvu mphamvu ya chimango ndikupereka mawonekedwe athunthu a nyumba. Kuphatikizika kwa makoma kumalola kuwongolera ndipo nthawi yomweyo kulimbitsa nyumbayo, onjezerani kukana kwa makoma ndi kusamutsa kwa Windows, kuchepetsa mtengo womanga, kufulumira mtengo wake. Nyumba zoterezi ndizovuta kuzizira kumpoto, komanso kutentha kwam'mwera, kukhala ndi mphepo komanso kukhazikika kwa seemisic. Zokwanira kunena kuti kuwonongeka kwa kutentha kumachepetsedwa kukhala gawo lalikulu kwambiri mpaka pano. Chabwino: Kukula kwa makoma ndi pansi kufinya kumafikira phindu la 45dB. Izi zikutanthauza kuti m'malo okhala chete, ngakhale zida zomanga zikagwira ntchito mumsewu.

Zachidziwikire, ndizosatheka kunena kuti nyumba za Danish ndi zotsika mtengo. Mtengo wa dera wamba wa 150m2 ndi 110,000 (zachilendo zomaliza). Koma molingana ndi Miyezo ya Moscow, kuyitanira nyumba yotere, okwera mtengowonso amakhala olakwikanso.

Mfundo ya Msonkhano wa Donvertor

Chida cha chibayo chimayendetsedwa ndi compressor yodzoza ya Chidwi kwaukadaulo wa Danish kupita kumayiko a CIS komanso ku Russia ndikugwirizanitsa njira yomangayi, pomwe palibe malo opangira malo omangawo. Chilichonse chofunikira kumanga nyumba imodzi yokhala ndi gawo laling'ono la 200m2 chimaperekedwa kumalo kuchokera ku fakitole atatu. Kaponi ya crane imapangidwa nthawi yomweyo yotsitsa magalimoto, ndikukhazikitsa matekiti. Pamaso pa maziko, zida ndi zophunzitsidwa gulu la anthu asanu ndi limodzi (kuphatikiza curwarner), kumanga kwa nyumbayo kumatha masiku awiri. Masiku enanso anayi a ogwira ntchito amafunikira kukhazikitsa mafamu olunjika ndi kuwongolera ntchito zodetsa. Kuzungulira kopanga, komwe kumaphatikizapo chingwe cha makoma ndi njerwa ndi kukhazikitsa mayanjano, ndi masana 4,5. Mapeto a nyumbayo siinasinthidwe, chifukwa izi zimatengera kukoma kwa kasitomala ndi kukula kwa chikwama chake. Koma nthawi iliyonse, zomangamanga zikutembenukira kusandulika nthawi zitatu kuyambira pachiyambi cha msonkhano wa msonkhano.

Msonkhano wa nyumba ndi zokongoletsera zakunja zimachitika ndi ogwira ntchito zapakhomo omwe apereka maphunziro apadera kapena ku Denmark kapena m'makalasi omwe danes amachitika ku Russia. Bungweli lidakhala ndi zida zonse zofunikira komanso zida, kuphatikiza zomangamanga. Kugwiritsa ntchito zida ndi zida zomwe sizinaperekedwe ndi ukadaulo wa wopanga siloledwa. Ntchito zonse zomanga zimachitika ndi buku lodziwika bwino lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito. Ntchito iliyonse imakhala yokhazikika pakapita nthawi, monga mu ochita zolimba. Kuphatikiza kwa nthawi yosungirako nkhomaliro kwa ogwira ntchito kumabweretsedwa kumalo omanga mu thermos.

Chiyambi cha nthawi

Zisudzo zimayamba ndi ma hangir, ndipo nyumbayo ndiyo maziko. Maziko akhazikitsidwa ndi ntchito za ku Groodesic, zomwe zikubowola zigawo zosiyanasiyana m'gawo lanu kuti zizindikiritse nthakayo, komanso kukhalapo kwa madzi pansi. Pazifukwa izi, rig yobowola mafoni kutengera galimoto ya UAZ imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chotsatira ndi kumanga kwa tsogolo kunyumba kupita kudera. Izi zimachitika mothandizidwa ndi theodelist ndi ma geodeist ndi wothandizira wake. Zambiri zomwe zapezeka zimalowetsedwa mu kakonzedwe ka malo opezeka ndi Komiti yapaderayi.

Ma geodeist amapangira chizindikiro, pamizere yomwe ma pikiti amaziko akumba ndi buku kapena ofufuza. Kuchokera momwe ndendende momwemo komanso moyenera kuponyera maziko ake zimatengera, ngakhale kuphatikizika kwa mapanelo kumagwera komanso ngati nyumbayo idzakhala yamphamvu. Palibe zolemba zapadera pomanga maziko a danes. Njira yothetsera nkhaniyi imaperekedwa ndi kampani yankhanza yaku Russia, yomwe imapangitsa kuti zizoyenda za ZERO.

Zofunikira za osonkhetsa nyumba za nyumba ndizotsatira mwamphamvu ndi mikhalidwe yopanga maziko a katundu wowerengedwa (kumanga kwa nyumbayo matani 80 kukhazikika), matebulo opanga m'mphepete mwa nkhwangwa ndi mtundu wa oyimilira kukhazikitsidwa kwa mapanelo a khoma. Pankhaniyi, m'lifupi mwa maziko, pomwe mapanelo ndi zojambulazo zimakhazikika pa 50cm; Manja amapangidwa ndi ma currete cholumikizira ndikuchotsedwa "pa zero" ndi yankho. Nyumba zopangidwa ndi sawuboli zoyambitsa pa maziko ndizofanana, choncho mfundo za zomanga zawo ndizosiyana pang'ono ndi wina ndi mnzake. Kuti mumve zambiri pankhani ya maziko a nyumba zamatabwa, mutha kuwerenga zolemba "pamene Izmba Red Corner" ndi "Nyumba yomwe makoma amathandizira."

Mtanthauzira mawu wa mawu apadera

Mauerlat. - matabwa apansi.

Mgodi - Kutha kwa zomangamanga kwa gawo la nyumbayo, kokha padenga.

Wolengera - Zenera lolunjika m'chipinda champhamvu cha nyumbayo.

Luarna - Kapangidwe kamene kamapanga kutsegulira kuyika zenera lolunjika padenga.

Njira Zoyambira

Tsatanetsatane wa zikuluzikulu zazing'ono zimatsitsidwa kuchokera ku ngolo mnyumbamo! 200mm). Mabowo a zingwe amawumitsidwa pamaziko omwe amakhala kudzera m'matabwa. Zonse zopangira nyumba zapanyumba zomwe zimapangidwa ndi pine zomwe zimachitidwa ndi elf hansson Sweden Technology.

Ntchito imayamba ndi kukhazikitsa kwa doko lakumanzere. Ndi mawonekedwe onse, okhala ndi intaneti yoyikiridwa kale yomwe siyifuna kumaliza ntchito. Kuti mukhale ndi mwayi wokundani pamwamba pa gulu la zingwe zokhazikika kuchokera pachingwe chokhazikika, chomwe mabowo a crane chalk hook (pambuyo pake malupu amakonzedwa ndi mpeni). Makhoma ena atatu a nyumbayo amawonekanso. Pali Windows kale, olowera ndi khonde ndi khonde lopangidwa ndi kampani yaku Germany Veka. Windows ndi zitseko zimapangidwa ndi mbiri ya PVC ndipo zili ndi zithunzi za hermetic ziwiri zodzazidwa ndi Argon.

Khoma la khoma limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati crane mwachindunji kuchokera ku ngolo. Pansi pa maziko a nthawi yonseyi amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chibayo chosindikizira cha chibayo cha Fermacell (Germany), omwe mumphindi amakonza malonda ake. Khoma la khoma limayikidwa pansi ndipo limakhazikika molunjika mosakhalitsa. Komanso, gululi limangiriza pansi pa zitsulo. Misomali pakhoma ili yotsekedwa ndi nyundo ya chibayo. Kuphatikiza apo, ili kale ndi mabowo a ma bolts (M20, kutalika 250mm), komwe idzasindikizidwa ndi khoma loyandikana nalo. Pa ntchito yonse imatenga mphindi 15-20. Misomali, nangula, ma bolts, zomangira zodzimangirira zomwe zimapereka kampani yaku Germany ya Wurth. Khoma lotsatira limayikidwa mogwirizana ndi woyamba pa ngodya ya 90. Pafupifupi mzere wa khoma loyambirira, wosanjikiza wa guluu, umagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Kulumikiza kumapangidwa ndi ma bolts pogwiritsa ntchito chiwongola cha chibayo (pansi pa makoma awo amapangidwa ndi manja onyamula katundu).

Kenako pamabwera potembenuka kwa magawo oyitanitsa. Ndi masamba ofanana, kokha ndi zipatso zochepa mkati. Imalumikizidwanso wina ndi mnzake mothandizidwa ndi guluu ndi ma balts. Magawo amakhazikitsidwa ndi crane polola kuti apereke kuuma kwa kapangidwe kake. Pakadali pano, ntchitoyi imachitika ndi osonkhetsa awiri ndipo opsinjika awiri amangogwiritsa ntchito ndege zokha ndi guluu ndi spanner chubu. Nthawi yomweyo ndimakhazikitsa makoma mkati mwa bokosilo kunyumba, crane imanyamula zinthu zazing'ono zomwe zimapangidwa (kulongedza ndi machesi a manard, zothetsera.p.). Kunja kwa dongosolo lamphamvu, mapanelo a kutsogoloku amakhazikitsidwa, atadzaza m'magawo a tsatanetsatane wazomwe zidanenedwa, matayala a zotanuma. Kuzindikira kutsegulira kumafotokozera: kulipira kwa oyendetsa ola limodzi. Ogwira ntchito ali ndi chidaliro kuti ngolo yotsatira idzabwera kumbali yomangayi pa ndandanda yamisonkhanoyi, chifukwa chosaphwanya dongosolo la ntchito. Kwa tsikulo, amakwanitsa kumanga makoma ndi magawo oyamba. Malowo amakhalabe ndi chitetezo. Komabe, chida chonse chimawasamalira.

Zonse mtsogolo!

Monga ku Denmark, ntchito pa malo omanga Russia imayamba pa 7 am. Chinthu choyamba ku nyumbayo chimalowa compressor chomwe chida cha chibayo chimalumikizidwa. Nthawi Yotsitsa Waga Wachiwiri amatuluka pomwe mapanelo a kutsogoloku ndi ziwalo za kapangidwe ka padenga zimatengedwanso. Ogwira ntchito awiri amayamba kumanga khwangwala padziko lapansi.

Mafamu amalumikizidwa ndi ngodya zachitsulo kuti zisanthule mipiringidzo ndipo imalumikizidwa kwakanthawi ndi njanji kuti zitsimikizire kuti kuwongolera miyendo yopumira, kumalumikizana ndi misomali. Minda imayikidwa mu 1M, matanda ochulukirapo a denga amaikidwa pakati pawo. Kukuta mafamu mpaka ma auurlatamam kumachitika ndi ngodya zogawika zomwe zimakhomedwa. Famu yoyamba itakhazikitsidwa molunjika ku crane ndipo imakhazikika kwakanthawi ndi zomveka zamatabwa. Monga momwe mafamu ena amasonyezedwera, akumanga ma boardnanani kwa ma board ena omwe amalepheretsa chimbudzi cha nyumba.

Pambuyo kukhazikitsa minda, gulu la malolo limayikidwa. Monga makhoma, ndi zidutswa chimodzi ndi mawindo omwe alipo. Pansi pa kutsogolo kulikonse pakhoma la bwalo lagalasi, wosanjikiza guluu wagalu amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Padera la kutsogolo limayikidwamo ndikukhomedwa ndi ma bolts omwe ali ndi mafamu owopsa. Malinga ndi polojekitiyi, m'chigawo cha nyumbayo muli mawindo awiri a symmetric-doma opangidwa ndi Vega, omwe ali mu Lugarns padenga. Paness wa khoma ndi wopanda pake ndi mawindo omwe akukwera kale amayika m'malo omwe adakonzekeretsa pakati pawo ndi kumangiriza molimba ndi ngodya zachitsulo. Pambuyo pake, gawo la mtanda kuchokera mkati mwa Lugara liyenera kumwa mosamala kuti apange malo aulere ndi zenera. Indission kuti mutsimikizire kuuma kwa kulumikizana, zodulidwa za mafamu zimakhazikika ndi nsalu ya nsalu.

Nthawi yomweyo ndi kukhazikitsa mafamu, magalasi ndi ma lug-opanda awiri omasulira akumanga khonde. Mapangidwe ake amapereka katundu wosiyanasiyana pamapilala othandizira, chifukwa cha zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mawonekedwe osintha m'munsi. Pamene khonde limangofota, zomwe zidzachitike kale pa ntchito yomanga nyumbayo, zipilala zimatha kukwezedwa mwakuwunikira. Kutseguka kwaukadaulo pansi pa chitseko ndipo zenera lotseguka la khonde likhala ndi mitengo yochokera ku magetsi kuchokera pochotsa polyethylene.

Pakadali pano, ngolo yokhotakhota imalowa m'malo mwachitatu (komaliza), yomwe idabweretsa zida za kusokonezeka ndi ukadaulo. Kutulutsa kwa polyethylene kumasungidwa kunja, zida zakenso komanso (boiler ya kampani yaku Germany, poyatsira mapaipi, ma waya, zinthu zowonda zija. Tsiku logwirira limatha ndi chitsogozo cha dongosolo m'dera lomanga, zida zonyamula m'galimoto ndi kufala kwa chinthu motetezedwa.

Kuchokera kumwamba akhoza kuwoneka

Pambuyo pa maola awiri kapena atatu ogwiritsira ntchito, zochita zazikulu za omanga zimayang'ana m'chigawo chapamwamba cha nyumbayo. Pofuna kuti mukwaniritse ziweto ndi gawo lotsatira zimagwira ntchito mbali zonse za nyumbayo, nkhalango zopepuka zimayikidwa. Pamawa anasuntha ogwira ntchito, kukonza miyala ya kufinya. Mapangidwe a mafamu komanso dongosolo la nkhosa limakhala lovuta, lokhala ndi luso lopeka lomwe limapangidwa mosiyanasiyana,

Pamwamba pa rafter imatambasula za hydrossism-core membrane wokhala ndi ma scrades, amayika. Komabe, sizimapereka pokonzekera magawo pa malo omanga. Chilichonse chopanga fakitale chimalumikizidwa ndi njira inanso yokonzedweratu komanso malinga ndi mapu aukadaulo. Chida chachikulu chogwira ntchito mu chapamwamba ndi karoti wa chibayo. Zinthu za nyumba zamatabwa zimasindikizidwa makamaka ndi ngodya zachitsulo komanso zowonjezera zomwe zimakhometsedwa.

Nthawi yopita patsogolo, sikuti mitengo yonse ya denga la denga lakhazikitsidwa, ndikofunikira kuyenda mosamala. Atangoikidwa, bolodi kwakanthawi imayikidwa pamwamba, yomwe itha kusunthidwatu kwathunthu. Minda ya Agrivening, ogwira ntchito amaphimba gulu lawo la hydrone delta-port (ku Germany), okhazikika pa stapler akhwangwala. Poyamba imagwira ntchito ngati chitetezo kunyumba kuchokera ku mpweya, kenako nkukhala gawo la "Pieng Prote." Membrane amapanga chiwonongeko ndi cholumikizira, kenako matayala achilengedwe a ku Russia "Braas-DSC 1" amalimbikitsidwa. Komanso keke imaphatikizaponso zotchinga zamafuta kuchokera ku michere yamiya yolimba ya michere ndi huporinolation.

Pafanolillel, pali kukonzekera kwa kusokonezeka kwa ophatikizidwa. Al kudutsa mitengo yodutsa kuchokera pansi, mipiringidzo yakhomerere mchere wa ubweya wa tulo wa chisumbucho lidzakhalanso podalira. Pambuyo pake, adzakhala pafupi ndi denga louma la Fermacell ndi mbale zouma. Pakadali pano, zotseguka zinatseguka pakati pa mitengoyo. Pamodzi ndi ma windows mawindo, mawindo ang'onoang'ono a mtundu wa mtundu wa Sc308 adatulutsa velux (Denmark) amaperekedwa m'chipinda chapamwamba. Ogwira ntchito amachita kukonza zotseguka. Tsiku lachiwiri lomanga limatha ndi zinyalala kuchokera ku malo antchito, kukweza zida mwapadera ndi kufalitsa chinthucho motetezedwa.

Zovala zanyumba

Pamasiku atatu otsatira padenga ndipo mawonekedwe a nyumbayo alipo okhazikika komanso magetsi. Dengalo ndi gawo limodzi lanyumba. Wopanga mapulogalamu amakopa gulu la akatswiri a katswiri wa akatswiri a ku Russia kuchokera ku "RSM-Stroy" pantchito iyi, yomwe yadutsa ku Germany. Denga limachitika paukadaulo wa kampani yaku Germany (mutha kuwerenga m'nkhani ya "denga la nyumba yanu"). Akatswiri omwewa amalephereka ndi Vinyl kutsata Karnis ndikukwera kayendedwe ka madzi am'madzi kwa kampani ya Danish.

Musanayang'anire ku nyumba ya njerwa ya Brick Wall ndi zotsekemera zamchere. Kupanga makoma amitundu ya mikono kumawapatsa kukana kwapamwamba kwa kusamukira kumayendedwe ovala, kuyang'anizana ndi nsapato zapamwamba kwambiri. Chizindikiro cha ukadaulo chimachepetsedwa ku zotsatirazi. Kuchokera kumbali ya msewu pamwamba pa makoma a gululi amakhazikika (mabatani a stapler) owonjezera owonjezera osokoneza bongo a michere-micheri ya ubweya. Pamaso pake mu polyvinyl chloride yopanda manja, luntha lazomwe limakhala ndi magetsi limatambasulidwa kuti zisudzo ndi zitsulo. Zolowetsa kudzera pakhoma pomwe mabokosi okwera ndi a Juniction amapangidwa kudzera mumitundu yosindikiza. Pakati pa kusokonezeka ndi njerwa zoyang'anizana, malo opumira awiri opumira amasungidwa, zomwe ndizofunikira pakutulutsa kwamadzi. Mzere woyamba wa njerwa ndi kudzipatula pamaziko ndi wosanjikiza wa hydrohoteelisol. Ntchito zomanga, kuyimirira m'nkhalango zowunikira, njerwa ndi njira yothetsera pamanja. Mtundu ndi zosankha za kumaliza kwa nyumbayo zimatsimikiziridwa ndi kasitomala. Nyumbayo imatha kukhala yolumikizidwa ndi njerwa kwathunthu kapena kukhala ndi mtengo wokhazikika pansi ndi matabwa amayika pazenera. Pankhaniyi, olemba mabwalo mwadongosolo ena amaphatikiza njerwa yofiyira komanso yamdima. Pulogalamu yayikulu ya padenga ndi makoma, motsutsana ndi zitseko za Windows ndi zitseko zomwe zikuwoneka zowoneka bwino, zimasiyanitsa nyumba ya kumaning kuchokera kunyumba zoyandikana nazo. Amadziwika nthawi yomweyo ndi mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe a zomangamanga.

Kuwerengera kwa mtengo wa ntchito ndi zida zomanga nyumba ziwiri ndi gawo la 148m2

Dzina la Ntchito	Mayunitsi. kusintha	Chiwerengero cha	Mtengo, $	Mtengo, $
Ntchito Zakhazikitsidwa
Matanda, chitukuko ndi chovala	m3.	67.	khumi zisanu ndi zitatu	1206.
Ntchito Yoyambirira, Kudzitchinjiriza	m2.	100	zisanu ndi zitatu	800.
Pulogalamu yamiyala	m3.	28.	40.	1120.
Chenjezo lofananira	m2.	140.	2.8.	392.
Zonse	3518.
Zogwiritsidwa ntchito pagawo
Chamiyala	m3.	28.	fifite	1400.
Masonikizani yankho, mwala wosweka, umaphwanya, mchenga	m3.	makumi atatu	28.	840.
Tumimaus Polymer Mastic (Canada)	m2.	240.	3,2	768.
Zonse	3008.
Makoma (Bokosi)
Kukhazikitsa ndi Kukhumudwitsa kwa Scaffold	m2.	270.	3.5	945.
Kukhazikitsa makoma ndi magawo	m2.	255.	makumi atatu	7650.
Kukhazikitsa kwa Overlaps, masitepe	m2.	148.	khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi	2368.
Kuyang'ana Njerwa	m2.	76.	makumi awiri	1520.
Zonse	12483.
Zogwiritsidwa ntchito pagawo
Chimango, mapanelo, masitepe, ndi zina zambiri.	konza	-	-	70,000
Njerwa	PC.	4300.	0,3.	1290.
Mandory yankho, etc.	konza	chimodzi	420.	420.
Zonse	71710.
Chida chodetsa
Kukhazikitsa kwa kapangidwe ka kachapu	m2.	130.	12	1560.
Chida cha Tile	m2.	130.	zisanu ndi zitatu	1440.
Kukhazikitsa kwa Dothi	RM. M.	40.	6.	240.
Zonse	3240.
Zogwiritsidwa ntchito pagawo
Simenti tile braas (Germany)	m2.	130.	29.	3770.
Steam, Mphepo ndi mafilimu othira madzi	m2.	130.	2.	260.
Dongosolo la Plastmoage (Denmark)	konza	chimodzi	450.	450.
Zonse	4480.
Lembani zofunda
Kutulutsa zokutira ndi zowonjezera	m2.	580.	2.	1160.
Kudzaza mawindo ndi chitseko	m2.	51.	35.	1785.
Zonse	2945.
Zogwiritsidwa ntchito pagawo
Zotchinga zachinyengo.	m2.	340.	2.6	884.
Zenera limadutsa Vka.	m2.	35.	170.	5950.
Mansard Windows velux	PC.	3.	530.	1590.
Zonse	8424.
Mtengo wonse wa ntchito	22200.
Mtengo wonse wa zida	87700.
Zonse	109808.

Zipitilizidwa.

Otsatsa akuthokoza Dahauus kuti akuthandizeni kukonzekeretsa zinthuwo.