Attic munyumba ya dziko - momwe angapangire chipinda chaching'ono pansi pa denga lotentha komanso bwino.
Iyenera kuyikidwa pasadakhale ndi kusankhidwa kwa nyumba za intuc. Zenera logona nthawi zambiri loyimira kum'mawa, pawindo la chipinda chochezera - West, zenera la nduna - kumpoto
Nsanja yokhala ndi nkhani ziwiri si zokhazokha zokongoletsera zokha, m'makwerero a neo pampando
Malo omwe ali pansi padenga amatha kukhala ndi malo okhala komanso loggia. Denga lathyathyathya wowombera nthawi zambiri limakhala pamwamba pawo.
Njira yotsika mtengo kwambiri ya pansi: kuchokera pansipa, kusokonekera kumatsekedwa kuchokera kulowera kwa chinyontho cha Pergamin kapena polgamin
Mukayika chisindikizo cha kapangidwe ka denga, chimatsekedwa ndi nthunzi ya nthunzi ndikusoka - nthawi zambiri "zingwe". Ma seams pakati pa nsalu za nthunzi zikuyenera kukhala tepi
Pomanga nyumba yokhala ndi chipinda chapamwamba, eni nyumba othandiza amapereka malo obisika a chipinda chokhazikitsa masitepe, ndi malo osewerera musanalowe. Makoma a chipinda chapamwamba, odzipatula ku bar, safuna mu trim
Pogawana makonzedwe a zigawenga za intric, ndikofunikira kuganizira komwe kuli mawindo, ndi kutalika kwa matayala, ndi komwe kuli masitepe. Chivwerero chotsegulira
Makoma a chipinda cha chipindacho akhoza kudzozedwa, komanso nyumba yonse - kunja, ndi ndodo za dengalo kuchokera mkati
Nthawi zambiri, mawindo akumva ali ndi malo ochepera 10% ndipo samapereka kuyatsa bwino
Akuluakulu okonzedwa ndi omangawo kuti apititsi patsogolo - Hydror-ovomerezeka a Hydro ndi Winproof amaikidwa pa rafter. Pakati pa ziwembu zidzaikidwa mbale za kuperewera - azisunga "malo", mphamvu ya miyambo
Kwa chipinda chofunda pachimake pa khonde kapena loggia, amaika chitseko chotenthetsera ndi mawindo, osachepera, okhala ndi glozawiri. Mutha kukhazikitsa mawindo a Triangar pafupi ndi khomo la bande
Chovala sichimafunikira kuti nyumba yowonjezereka, ngati nyumba yonse itamangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa Eco pa mapanelo ndi ma module. Kukhazikika kwamphamvu pankhaniyi kumatha kukhala kwakukulu
Tsinde lopezeka kwambiri limathandizira kuti pakhale chikhazikitso chokwanira. Kterootlocheke (Rannila, Finland) amafunikira malipiro apanja amtundu womwewo
Mawindo ophatikizika am'maso amatha kuperekedwa ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira okhala ndi zenera. Kudzera mwaiwo sikuwoneka kokha kumwamba, komanso malo ozungulira nyumba. Chipinda cha AV chidzakhala chopepuka
Denga lalitali lokwezeka limakhala ndi gawo lambiri ku chilengedwe cha chipinda cha awiri. Mkati mwake mumakhazikitsa chizindikiro cholumikizira, screw kapena masitepe a zingwe
Chapamwamba, chovekera kuchokera mkati ndi pigsterboard, amawoneka amakono
Anapanga French-yolimba komanso yachikondi. Ngakhale mu XviIV. "Chifukwa chiyani kuthamangira pachipinda chapansi?" Francois Mesar adaganiza ndikupanga denga la "chosweka", pamwamba kwambiri pa nyumbayo, mutha kukhala ndi moyo. Nyumba ndipo imatchedwa ittic. Pali kuwala kochulukirapo, ndipo ojambula amakukondani, amakhala pafupi ndi nyenyezi - ndipo ndakatulo zimakonda, ndi zotsika mtengo kwambiri - pogona okonda osauka. Akuluakulu a Montmarre, pomwe Paulo amatha kuwonekera kuchokera ku mawindo awo, koma ali kwambiri m'mudzi waku Russia. Kwa nthawi yayitali, nyumba zonse pansi pa denga zimawerengedwa ndi chipinda chapamwamba. Kunyoza, ndi meziranine. Pali attics, omwe, omwe ali ndi chikhumbo chonse, omwe ali ndi chikhumbo samakonzekera, koma malo ambiri a aluso ndioyenera kuwalitsa ndikuwakonzekeretsa.
Chipinda changa - ah. Osati nthano
Zenera lake ivy sanabise.
SMAAR YA NKHANI YONSE
Taonana pakati pa mitengo ya ma rafters.
Woophale Wotsogolera
(Kumasulira kwa Nikolai Gumileva)
Zimatero?
Kusintha kwa malo omwe ali padenga osakhala okhala m'chipinda chochezeka kumakhala kopindulitsa kwambiri, chifukwa kotero, mtengo wotsika mtengo, mutha kupeza malo owonjezera munyumba. Manards ndi chilimwe (osatsekemera kapena ofooka) kapena nthawi yozizira (yopezeka bwino ndipo, ponena kuti ndi yoyenera malo osungirako chaka). Kutalikira pansi pansi pa nyumbayo, mutha kuchepetsa kutaya kutentha ndipo, kumatanthauza kuchepetsa mtengo wake wowotchera. Chabwino, ngati kulengedwa kwa chipinda chanyumba kumaphatikizidwa pomanga nyumbayo. Pankhaniyi, mutha, chotsani nyumbayo, nthawi yomweyo mukanitse denga la mtsogolo. Koma nthawi zambiri, pakalibe ndalama zokwanira, zimangobwera komanso zazitali kwambiri zomwe zimatha kukhazikitsidwa kuchokera mkati mwathunthu, osapereka denga. Omanga odziwa bwino adzalimbikitsa kugwira ntchito magawo awiri ndikupuma pachaka. Choyamba, nyumbayo "pansi pa padenga" idzamangidwa, ndipo mu chaka chidzaikidwe ndi kupatulidwa. Kupatula apo, nyumba zothandizirana ndi nyumba yatsopanoyo, maziko ndi makoma, kupereka zosalephera mu chaka choyamba, kuchotsa zokongoletsera zamkati ndi kunja. Ivot ili kale pa ne-stork, kupindika, mipata. Pafupifupi mapapu sakhala ogwirizana ndi shrinkage, zojambula zam'manja, zomangidwa pa Canada (American).Osati khungu lililonse ...
Talemba mobwerezabwereza za mavuto a kusokonezeka kwa mafuta, kufotokozera za kuyika kwa mafuta, denga, ma hydro ndi nthunzi zotchinga zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga (
"Kutulutsa kwamafuta ndi ndalama zofunikira", "zovala zatsopano za nyumbayo",
"Zinsinsi za Nyumba Yanyumba",
"Chidakwa cha nyumba yanu",
"Denga, denga la" Pie "). Wakweranso mlandu womwewo kuti apange malo ndikukonzekera kupanga malo okhala mtsogolo Pamwamba kwambiri kukhala osachepera 2.5m. Ngati zokutira zopingasa za rafter zimakhazikitsidwa pansi, chipinda chapamwamba sichitha kutembenukira, osafooketsa mphamvu yonyamula padenga, ndikuyika M'kati mwa mkati ndiokwera mtengo kwambiri. Kumbukirani kuti gawo la magawo limafunikira kuwerengedwa, ndipo mapangidwe ake amangodalira padenga lazosankhidwa. Chifukwa chake, malinga ndi kuwerengera kwa denga. Chifukwa chake, malinga ndi kuwerengera kwa denga. Chifukwa chake, malinga ndi kuwerengera kwa dengalo. Chifukwa chake, malinga ndi kuwerengera padenga. , ndiye kuti ikhala 80cm pansi pa zochulukirapo zowonjezera. Chizindikiro chachikulu mu matalala ndi malo opangira matalala (nenani, ku Moscow ndi 200kg / M2 ndi zida zotupa za Perm siodalirika mokwanira kukonza gawo lachiwiri, Afunika kulimbikitsa. Mwachitsanzo, ikani matope owonjezera owonjezera, ndipo rafter zimalumikizana zigawo zitsulo.
Ngati mwakhala ndi pakati kuti mupange ndi kuyika chipinda chachiwiri m'magawo awiri, ndiye kuti pakugwira ntchito yomanga padenga la padenga lomwe limafunikira kuyika pansi. Kupanda kutero, padenga litayikidwa, popanda kuphedwa kwake, kachipindako kwa madzi osavala sikunenedwanso. Kuchokera ku chinyezi cham'mwamba, kapangidwe kake kaziyika kupulumutsa zinthu zonse zotsika mtengo (brabroid, hydrousol, syfrision rubranes ")," yutafn d ", mafilimu otsutsa. "Yutikon", ura sec 1000, tyvek). Amakhala okhazikika pamabala ocheperako ndi makulidwe osachepera 50mm. Chifukwa chake, atakwera padenga pakati pake ndi madzi oteteza, chilolezo chopumira chimapangidwa. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kuganizira kuti zida zotsika mtengo ndizolimbana ndikuchotsa nthungo lamatelet kuchokera ku chinyengo. Chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kumanga kusiyana kwina pakati pa kusazikika komanso kukumbutsani, ngati kuti mwagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi filimu yotsika mtengo kwambiri ya Ursa Succoof kapena Yutafol N. Ngati chovala chamadzi chimapangidwa mwaluso, ndi malire opumira, mtsogolo mwake unyinjiwo usasinthidwe osati kuzizira, komanso m'mbuyo. Ngati madzi oyambira sanagwiritsidwe ntchito (mwachitsanzo, Slate amayika mwachindunji kwa kamramu) - izi ndizoyipa, ngakhale zimachitikanso. Kenako, kuti musabene padenga, mutha kumangopita m'njira imodzi: Ikani filimu yoteteza pakatikati, ndikutseka kaphiri yonse kuchokera pansi ndikulimbikitsa filimuyo pakati pa zomangira patali 50mm kuchokera ku kabati. Nthawi yomweyo, ndi zoona kuti "malo oyambika" amasungidwa - ndege zapamwamba za zomwe zimapangidwira ndipo zokongoletsera sizitetezedwa ku chinyezi chakunja. Adzaumirira ngati denga ndi wavy, ndikumva ngati chuma chake chathyathyathya chimafika kwambiri.
Tulukani, mukamakakamiza, sinthanitsani padenga pachiwopsezo, ziyenera kuchitidwa pamalo oyamba (mwachitsanzo, polowa m'malo mwa denga la padenga. Ndipo apa, sikofunikira kupatsa crate kuti mudalire pansi pamadzi osamba. Nthawi yomweyo, kumbukirani kuti kukhazikitsidwa kwamadzi pamalo okongoletsedwa sikuyenera kutsekedwa pa step- koyenera kusiya mpweyawo kuti atuluke momasuka. Madenga akusunthira kuyenera kuchitika kudzera mu njira yodulira mtanda, kuchokera ku chimanga kupita ku skit, kudzera pa mpweya wosanjikiza. Pochita, adapatsidwa malo okwera a thambo mumitundu yosiyanasiyana, yomwe imathandizira kuyenda kwa mpweya, makulidwe a mpweya "akhoza kukhala osachepera 40-50 mm (onse pakati pa malo okwerera) Denga ndi pakati pa kusokonezeka ndi mawonekedwe a kusefukira kwamadzi).
Kupukutira mabokosi kungagwiritsidwe ntchito otchedwa mpweya wabwino. Mbiri yotentha iyi yotentha iyi (kutalika ndi 32mm, m'lifupi - 45-50m) imapezeka mu mawonekedwe a 2, 4 ndi 6m. Fomu ya mbiri imapangitsa kuti zikhale zolimba mokwanira, ndipo zonunkhira zimayenda bwino kwambiri, zomwe zimalola kuchotsa chenjezo kuchokera padenga (kapena mawonekedwe, ngati kubzala kapena njira ina yopumira imayikidwa).
Malo a miyambo yamiyambo yophimba yazovala za intry:
Kutsogolo;
madera ofukula pakhoma lotsika la intuc (mpaka 1.2 m), ngati makhoma aperekedwa;
malo opingasa pakhungu.
Malo ophatikizira kubwereza tsankho la padenga.
Musanayambe kusokonezeka kwa chipinda chapamwamba, samalani ndi nyumba zamkati. Ngati ndi kotheka, adzafunika kulimbikitsa komanso kuwonjezera. Mwachitsanzo, gawo lomwe limaphatikizidwa - Rafter limatha kukhala lalikulu kwambiri kotero kuti siligwirizana ndi mitundu inayo ya zotupitsa. Kenako iyenera kuperekedwa pakati pa mipiringidzo ya mipiringidzo yowonjezera. Kutengera ndi kumanga padenga pomanga mashonga, komwe kulibe ziwonetsero zopingasa ndi ma rals ofukula, muyenera kuwonjezera zingapo kapena zina. Mwachitsanzo, ngati palibe zokuza, koma zimakonzedwa kuti apange padenga, zipinda za rafter, monga lamulo, kulimbitsa mipiringidzo. Ngati kulibe ma rack, koma kukonzekera kumanga makhoma owongoka a chapamwamba, pangani chimango ndi cha iwo. Pansi pa khoma la chimango ndi awiri othamanga (matabwa), chimodzi mwazoikidwa pamatandawo, ndipo lachiwiri limakonzedwa ndi zomangira. Katim Crossbars ndikulumikizana ndi makoma a makhoma (ndipo chimango cha magawo amanga 5050mm kuchokera ku mipiringidzo yophweka). Pankhaniyi, malo omwe ali ndi ma board "amalanda" ndi wopingasa. Amakhala misomali yolimbana. Gawo lomaliza ndikukonzanso nyimbo.
Njira yosavuta yoperewera ndiyotheka, popanda kupanga makoma ndi denga. Kenako kumangowerengera maderawo, pansi ndi ndodo za padenga.
Denga lokhazikika la chipinda limakhala ndi zigawo zingapo. Kapangidwe ka "keke" mwa mfundo iyi:
Zomangamanga - zotupa.
Pa rafylaxanexnet ndikuyika (ndi zithupsa zodzitchinjiriza).
Pakati pa ziweto, mtunda wautali kuchokera ku kabati, ndikuti chisumbucho, chomwe chili pafupi ndi ma nembanemba (kapena kutalika pang'ono, pamtunda wotsutsa pansi padenga zachitsulo kapena zolunjidwa).
Pansi pa kuperewera, pafupi ndi iyo - stemproorong (filimu yomwe siyimafalitsa awiriawiri kuchokera pansi pamutu wakutuwa). Imapanikizidwa ndi mabokosi amkati, omwe amakhomedwa ndi othamanga.
Malizitsani "Pie" Mayendard Final (Oscerf). Ngati pansi pa trim, pa kuperekera, mmalo mwa filimu ya Vapor yotchinga, pali chotchinga chotchinga cha mavalo, zinthu zomaliza zimakhazikika mtunda waufupi (2-5 cm) kuchokera ku zopindika.
"Kutentha Pie"
Kukhazikika kwapadera, palibe mlandu suyenera kuiwalika za kuvomerezedwa. Zowonadi, mu nyengo yozizira, chinyezi kuchokera pa mpweya wofunda mkati mwa chipinda chimakwera ndikukhazikika pa ozizira a zophatikizira (Choyamba, madenga). Zotsatira zake zimapangidwa. Zomwe zimazizira pamsewu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisinthe. Chinyontho chochuluka chimatha kuchitika kwambiri kotero kuti chinyezi chidzafika kuchipindacho, chomwe chidzakhala chofanana ndi padenga. Nthawi yachisanu, kuvomerezedwa, komwe kunasonkhana pazinthu za khwangwala, mu kusokonekera ndipo mkati mwa denga la padenga. Kodi ndikufunika kunena kuti kuwonongeka konyowa kuli koyipa kuposa kugwirizira kutentha, ndi zigawo zovunda zonyowa zimakutidwa ndi bowa ndi nkhungu? Mwa njira, siabwino pakuyamba kugwira ntchito ndi antiseptic kapangidwe ka antiseptic (mwachitsanzo, pinotex, "sezhezh" idr).Chifukwa chake vuto lalikulu sikuti kungokhazikitsa kwa mawu okha, komanso:
Kulimbana ndi kulowerera mu makulidwe amadzi, omwe amapezeka mu mpweya wapakhomo;
Kuchotsa ku makulidwe a mavapa amenewo omwe adalowabe;
Kulimbana ndi chinyezi kunja (kulima pansi pa denga la chisanu ndi mvula, maphunziro kumbuyo kwa denga la magwero a Crowlets akubwerera mu kutchinga);
Kuteteza kusokonezeka kwa mphepo, yomwe imawombera kutentha, mkati mwake. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa "michere ya" fluffy "ndi mawonekedwe a fibrous).
Kuti muthane ndi mavutowa, nthunzi, hydro, zokutira mphesa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. "(Mwachitsanzo, chithunzithunzi chotchinga cha SARSA Seco 400, 500) chimayikidwa pansi pa kusokonekera, ndi mfuti zotchulidwa kale ndizokhazikika mwanjira yoti zikhale kupititsa patsogolo - pakati pake ndi padenga. Zipangizo zamadzi zomwe zimateteza kusokonezeka kwa madzi ndikuwomba kunja ndipo sizimasokoneza kusintha kwa chinyezi - awa ndi mafilimu otsika otsika. Zina mwa izo zitha kutchedwa zopangidwa monga mostorflex (monorflex, Denmark), Eutorolq140 (Bwalo), JutaFos), jutya, Czech Republic). Ena mwa iwo amafuna malo ena pokhazikitsa.
Dziwani kuti zinthu zokutira zokutira zimateteza osati kokha kuzizira, komanso kuyambira nthawi yotentha. Kudzera mu kutentha, mpweya umauzidwa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, pa chipinda chosatsekedwa kwa tsiku lachilimwe ndi lotentha komanso lofinya, monga wowonjezera kutentha, makamaka ngati denga ndi zitsulo. Kugwira ntchito komanso kusokonekera kwa mawu, kutembenuza "nkhondo yolimba" yamvula mu dzimbiri.
Zinthu zambiri zomwe mumachita nazo chidwi, kusankha kwawo kuli kwakukulu. Muyenera kumenya, osatayika mu mawonekedwe omwe akufunsidwa, sankhani za omwe ali ndi mwayi. Ndiye kuti, imapangidwa kuti isungunuke ya denga la intucs ndi makoma ake kuchokera mkati, komanso amafunsiranso m'dziko lonselo. Apa, kuwonjezera pa kuthekera kwa zinthuzo kuchedwa kutentha, ndikofunikira kuganizira za kupezeka kwake, kuwunika kwa chitetezo chamoto, kuthekera kwa kukhazikitsa, kulimba kwa ntchitoyo ndipo, mtengo wake. Ngati timalankhula za zochitika zenizeni, mu Chigawo cha Moscow, chikuyang'ana kwambiri za 2000, ndi kusokonekera kwa zikopa zam'madzi, nthawi zambiri kumayika ubweya wamafuta wochokera ku basalt kapena galasi la 150mm. Mutha kukhalanso olimbikitsidwa ndi zaluso za eco ndi zopangidwa zingapo, monga chithovu, polyethylene thovu ija.d. Koma pali zovuta zambiri zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kapangidwe kake, malo otsetsereka a pamwamba, kachulukidwe kakusungunuka .D Tikuuza kusankha zinthu m'nkhani yotsatira.
Paulo, denga, makoma ndi magawo
Chifukwa cha kufooka pansi pa chipinda chapamwamba, ndiye kuti pakati pa utoto ndi pansi, mufunika kutsuka kwa mchere kapena galasi latchova juga. Koma, musanamuike, pakati pa miyala yolunjika (pamatabwa, omwe adzaphimba denga lapansi panthaka) ndikofunikira kuti agoneke. Kutuma kwake kumayikidwa pamwamba, ndikuwadzaza malo onse pakati pa mitengo ndipo osataya mipata. Ngati simugwiritsa ntchito Masa, koma ma stove, ndiye kuti mumasokoneza mitengo yolimba kwambiri yomwe kukula kwake komwe kukula kwake ndikokulirapo kuposa kusiyana pakati pa mitengo. Kuchokera kumwamba ndi mitengoyo itagona. Zomwe zimaphatikizidwa ndi malo onse okwera pansi, popeza makoma apansi sapezeka mu khoma la khoma lakunja, ndipo patali kuchokera pamenepo (chimatsimikiziridwa, monga lamulo, seti Mfundo za ma racks pansi pa rafyles). Malo ochulukirapo pakati pa khoma la ittic ndi mtedzawo ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse ndikutseka pansi.
Madera a Manjardov, ngati ndi umboni wakunja, wokutidwa ndi kunja monga khoma lina lililonse lamiyala, pakati pa mipiringidzo ya chimango, patali - Zitha kutembenuzira kuti makulidwe a Brusev ndi ochepera kuposa makulidwe a kusanja. Pankhaniyi, ndizosatheka kufinya. Amabwera mosiyanasiyana: Pangani mipiringidzo ya chimango ndi mipiringidzo yowonjezera (imakhazikika ndi zomata). Mukayika chisudzo, khomalo limakutidwa ndi filimu ya polyethylene polyethylene. Amalumikizidwa ndi chimango. M'malo mwa filimu ya pulasitiki yonse yodzaza ndi zidutswa za utoto, khoma, zowonda, zitha kukhala chizindikiro (kapena isgium) - wosanjikiza ndi chipindacho) . Nkhaniyi idzakhala ngati kukuyika kwina, komanso zojambulazo- ndi zonse ziwiri, komanso zowoneka bwino. Chidevu chimakhazikika, kukanikiza kumapiri a mipiringidzo, pomwe gawo lomaliza limasonkhana. Zonsezi ndi za kusiyana, komwe kumapangidwa pakati pa zojambulazo ndi mkati mwa trim, ndikofunikira kuti muwonetsetse bwino. Musaiwale kuti: Ngati Trim wakhazikika ku zojambulazo pafupi, zotsatira zake zidzazimiririka.
Ngati madera akukulungidwa kuchokera ku bar, mitengo, njerwa, konkire, etc., zomangira zimatha kusintha bwino kuchokera mkati ndi (moyenera) kunja.
Kunja Kwakunja Kwakunja: Khoma 1 kapena Khoma; 2 Warehouse; 3- kuwira; 4- Provung; 5- Trim ("Chingwe", kuluma, mapanelo).
Kuchokera mkati mwa ziwonetserozo ndi makoma akunja a chipinda cha itric angadzozedwera motere: 1-Khoma; 2 - Kanema wa WindProof (ngati khoma la matabwa kapena mitengo); 3- Loyamba la 2525mm mipiringidzo (labala 5 pa 55cm); 4- kutsimikizira (pakati pa bala cass); 5 Warehouse; 6- "Liging" yokhazikika.
Kwa zida za chapamwamba, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosavuta ndikupanga zida, zomwe zimakhala zochepa. Kupatula apo, ndikofunikira kuthandizira kuperekera zinthu pamwamba, ndipo, koposa zonse, chepetsa kuwonjezeka kwa katundu pazinthu zonse za nyumba yomwe ilipo, yomwe idzachitika.
Kutengera kuchuluka kwa denga la padenga, malo otsika otsika olekanitsidwa ndi khoma kapena chotupa chapamwamba chimapangidwa pansi pa gawo lake, lomwe limakhazikika pa miyala yake. Malinga ndi zofunikira za Snaga 2.08.09, posankha dera la chipinda chapamwamba, malo a chipindacho amathandizidwa ndi 30-1.5 m, ndi ma , okhala ndi zokoma za 60 kapena kupitilira 0,5m. Nthawi yomweyo, kutalika kwa khoma kuyenera kukhala 1.2m ndi tsankho la denga mu 30 ndi 0,8m pa 45; Pa 60 ndipo osakhala ndi malire. Masana opangidwa kuseri kwa makoma amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zipinda zothandizira, malo osungira, kukhazikitsa mipando (kumapeto kwake, kodi kuphatikizika kwa chapamwamba).
Mkati mwa chimanga cha makomawa ali ndi chimbudzi (mwachitsanzo, fiberglass Orsa mbale). Mbali zam'mbali zimatsekedwa ndi Pergamin, wina, mtundu wa mtundu wa Tyvek. Pamwamba tili "kuwombaka". Ngati mukufuna kusankha septoboard ya pulasitala ya pulasitala ndi utoto kapena fumbi ndi zokongoletsera, pansi pa zokongoletsera zomwe mukufuna kukweza chitsulo (malinga ndi ukadaulo wochokera ku Kniaf, Russia). Mkati mwa chimanga chimayalanso zitsulo, zomwe zimagwira ndikuti zikulimbikitsa.
"Mkate wofunda", womwe nthawi zambiri umakhala pa ndodo zophatikizika, komanso padenga la chipinda chapamwamba. Ingowapatsa izi zomwe zigawo za keke zimayikidwa. Ndikotheka kumaliza ndi pansi kuchokera kumabodiwo, chifukwa malo a adirec amapangidwa pabwalo, lomwe lingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati njira yosungira. Ngati kugwirizanitsa kwa chipinda chophunzitsira mwapamwamba kwambiri kuposa chapamwamba, kenako kuyikika kuyenera kulimbikitsidwa. Ngati nyumba yomanga imalola, mutha kupanga chipinda chambiri pansi pa "padenga".
Ma Windows Windows
Kuwala ndi mpweya kumatha kulowa mkati mwa chipinda chapamwamba kudzera m'mitundu ingapo ya Windows: yomwe ili kutsogolo kwa mawindo: yomwe ili kutsogolo ndi padenga la mapangidwe osiyanasiyana (quadrangular, chowonjezera, "kudutsa Windows ya loggia kapena kutsegulira, kubweretsa khonde lotsiriza, kudutsa mawindo ophatikizidwa mu mapangidwe ake.Zina zosavuta zimayikidwa padenga lomwe lilipo limapezeka mu ndege yake. Zatsimikiziridwa kuti zenera loyang'ana kumwamba limapereka kuwala kwa 40% kuposa zowunikira zofanana. Mawindo otsekemera amatha kukhazikitsidwa padenga la malo otsetsereka - kuyambira 15 mpaka 90. Masiku ano, makampani ambiri amaperekedwa ndi makampani ambiri: Velux (ku Denway) Idr. Mawindo otsekemera nthawi zambiri amakhala pamtunda wa 110 mpaka 205cm pamwamba pa pansi, ndikofunikira kuti mutenthe zida kuti mupewe mawonekedwe a mawindo. Kapangidwe kake kamatha kukhala swing, ma eary osintha, kuwaswa pawindo kapena kutonthoza, zomwe sizimangokhala zodzaza chipindacho ndi mpweya, komanso zotuluka padenga.
Kulemera kwathunthu kwa nyumba zokwera ndikofunikira, kotero kuti kuchuluka kwa kabizi ndi zokolola sizikuposa gwero la polojekiti. Ndikofunikiranso kuganizira kuti kukhazikitsa mitundu ina kumangirizidwa pakumanga khwangwala, pomwe ena akhoza kulimbikitsidwa ndikungokhala pa crat (roto Frank). Chinthu chofunikira kuzindikira kuchuluka kwa mfundo zotsekera pazenera. Kukhumudwa, mosiyana ndi galasi wamba, ma growroof odekha owoneka bwino kwa ma mawindo a manard ndi katundu wofunikira ndipo amasankha kuti apereke ndalama, ndikofunikira kuti mubwezeretse galasi lake, ndi mtengo wake. Mafelemu ndi mabokosi a utoto wa utoto amatetezedwa ndi zingwe zazitsulo, ndipo kulumikizana ndi denga la panyanjayo kumakhala kokhazikika ndikutsekedwa ndi malipiro. Ndizomveka kusankha mtundu womwe mapangidwe a mpweya wabwino ndi mpweya wabwino.
Njira zosiyana kwambiri zotsegulira mazenera oterewa ndizotheka. Malo omwe ali oyenera ndi mahatchi pamtunda wa 185-205cm kuchokera pansi. Dongosololi ndilofala kwambiri komanso losavuta pomwe zenera limatha kuzungulira wachibale ndi nkhwangwa yake yopingasa. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imasiyananso wina ndi mnzake. Mwachitsanzo, ngati kapangidwe kapangidwe kochokera ku Vellux kumabweretsa ku malo awa kwa mawindo kuti malo omwe ali ndi mawindo ambiri amakhala osavuta kwambiri, ndikusintha kwapamwamba kwambiri.
Kuyenda, Screw, Inter
Kugwiritsa ntchito ntchitoyi ya makwerero kutsogoza chipinda cha chipindacho kuyenera kuganizira kukonzekera kwa chipinda chino. Zimatengera komwe kuli masitepe mu intloard pompopompo ndipo masitepe amadzipanga okha. Zofunikira zoyambira kusanja, chitetezo, kuvuta, kutalika kokwanira pokweza nsonga za mipando ndikusunthira anthu. Kutsetsereka koyenera kwa masitepe ndi 45. Kulima masitepe kuyenera kukhala kochepera 28-30cm, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti muchotseke. Utali wochepera kuposa 20cm.
Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito masitepe opindika kwambiri kuti mugwiritse ntchito masitepe opindika kwambiri kuti mugwiritse ntchito masitepe okhazikika kwambiri, kapena "motembenuka". Zosasintha zopanda pake sizinthu zapakatikati zosangalatsa, zomwe zimachotsa malo. Njira zimamveka bwino kuchita bwino. Kusanjika m'lifupi mwake, malinga ndi momwe zinthu ziliri, kuti mupange 100mmm. Pofuna kuti anthu azikomana, m'lifupi mwake masitepe ayenera kukhala osachepera 900mm. Masitepe akuluakulu pa attic nthawi zambiri amasinthidwa ndi "wothandizira" - kapangidwe kake kakang'ono (kutchera, scring "stack" stack startic ). Amapangidwa ngati ofanana - 12-15. Gawo limodzi la masitepe limaphatikizidwa ndi zigawo, ndipo enawo amakhala osunthika, atakulunga ngati wosinthira. Zovala zolumikizira zimalola kupulumutsa. Sankhani masitepe, kukhala ndi ndodo yamkati yamkati, yomanga yotchuka ndi ya kanyumba. Ili ndi dongosolo lokhazikika. Gawo lirilonse limazungulira mozungulira chofunda cha axis kupita ku chapitacho pa 22-23.
Pamwamba chonse cha masitepe a matabwa (masitepe, zikwangwani, zokutira, ma baroster) ndizachikhalidwe chokongoletsa, kuphimba zoteteza zotetezedwa ndi ma varnish. Munthu ayenera kungoganiza kuti ngati zikwangwani zimakhala zakuda, ndiye kuti zing'onozing'ono zimathamangira m'maso. Nthawi zambiri, kwa nyumba zopindika, mumasankha kumaliza, komanso makoma a chipinda chotsikirako, ndiye kuti masitepe omwe amaphatikiza ndipo chipindacho chikuwoneka ngati chovuta kwambiri.
1- Kuphimba denga la chipinda chapansi;
2-mtengo wokulirapo;
3 Warehouse;
4- kuwira;
5- Kuyambiranso
1- Kusonyeza;
2- nthunzi yovomerezeka;
3- brus yofulumira;
4- bala yotsitsa;
Chozungulira phazi;
6- Dontho
Munthu wamwamuna wamwamuna;
Matongenard;
1- Kusonyeza;
2 Warehouse;
Gawo la 3- Pakatikati
1 ndi pulasitala;
2- Kuwala kwa rafter;
3-
1-.
2- Dongosolo;
3 Warehouse;
4- kuwira;
5-mepor-membor-wokhoza;
6-mipiringidzo;
7 - Wowuma pansi;
8 - Kumadzi;
9-Denga;
10- Stropeile Noga
Okonzayo akuthokoza "nyumba yakudziko", roto Frank, "Cournate 1991" Gulu Lothandiza pakukonzekera zinthu.