Akhungu - wokongola komanso wogwira ntchito moyenera. Mbiri yadzidzidzi ndi njira zamakono.
Malingaliro opambana ndikupeza lamelolas wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso njira yokongoletsera. Zowona, pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuti makoma ndi magiya sakhala modley
Mphamvu yayikulu aluminiyamu akhungu akhungu, okhudzidwa ndi khwangwala dzuwa, utoto uliwonse
Akhungu ndi njira yabwino kwa mkati mwa minimalism.
Aluminiyamu khungu, utoto wofunda, ukhoza kusinthidwa ndi mtengo wa mtengo
Pokhazikitsa akhungu pazenera, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kutalika kwazenera kuyenera kuyesedwa kuchokera mbali ziwiri (Alas, kumaliko ena osawerengeka)
Makhungu amakhala ndi zosankha zina zapadera. Ngati nyumba yanu ili ndi chifuwa chachikulu, ndibwino kukonda mitundu yosiyanasiyana
Akhungu muofesi iyenera kukhala kapangidwe kokwanira. Udindo wawo pano ndi ntchito yoyera
Kukhalapo kwa khungu sikutanthauza kuti kusowa kwa makatani. M'malo mwake, amatha kukhala osangalatsa kwambiri kuphatikiza!
Akhungu a multififactore amawoneka ngati mapanelo. MUKUFUNA KUTI MUZISANGALIRA MABODZA!
Akhungu omwe amapangidwa ndi migolo yofunika yamitengo yotentha imathandizira kuti mkati mwanu
Iyenera kutsatiridwa kuti zinthu zomwe zili pawindo sizisokoneza kukweza ndikutsitsa akhungu.
Ukadaulo wa malo oyimilirawo, zokongoletsa za Windows zimachita mbali. Kuphatikiza kwakhungu ndi makatani apa ndizoyenera kuposa kulikonse
Mtengo wofunda ndi wofunika kwambiri mkati, wothetsedwa mdziko lapansi. Kuphatikiza apo, khungu lamatabwa limaphatikizidwa bwino ndi mipando yamatabwa
Kusintha kwa zinthu zomwe lamelolas ya akhungu zambiri ndizosiyana. Kutsiriza ndi zotupa zowonda kumapangitsa chithunzicho ngati kuti
Akhungu ku nazale ndiofunika chifukwa chotetezedwa ku dzuwa lowala ndipo potero amateteza maloto a mwana
Dziwani kuti palibe zoletsa zamakono zosankhidwa zakhungu. Ndikofunikira kuti musaiwale za mitundu yomwe imalamulira m'nyumba.
Nthawi zina zimakhala nthawi yogwiritsidwa ntchito kumodzi kapena inanso yatsopano mkati, ndipo ikusamukira kale m'gulu la zochitika komanso zofanana. Nthawi amatilimbikitsa kuti tisiye corservatism iliyonse komanso kungoyankha chilichonse chomwe chimachitika padziko lapansi. Malo? Ingoganizirani. Ndipo kale ... mazana mazana asanu!
Makatani a nsanje komanso achidwi
Kodi mukudziwa kuti mawu oti "a ampamayeli" potembenuza ku France amatanthauza kuti "khungu" lokha, komanso .... Nsanje "? Zodabwitsanso chimodzimodzi, poyang'ana koyamba, - kusangalatsa ku Italy "Gelisia". Iyenera kuzindikirika konse mu zakutchire za chilankhulo. Likupezeka kuti m'njira yodziwika bwino, akhungu adayamba ndi amuna akhungu, omwe amabisa azimayi okongola kuti asawonekere oyendetsa mosasunthika (kapena osasinthika). Lingaliro linali losavuta komanso lofanana: kudutsa matabwa, omwe ali pakona wina ndi mnzake, opepuka ndi mpweya adapangidwa mosavuta, ndipo okonda kuyika mphuno m'malonda a anthu ena ndikukhalabe.
Ponena za azimayi okongola, iwo, chifukwa cha luso lakhungu lakhungu, amatha kuwona chilichonse chomwe chinali chikuchitika pamsewu, osadziwika (kuvomereza (kuvomereza kuti nyengo ino itafufuza zachinsinsi).
Tsopano, mwamwayi ansanjewo sakonda kwambiri, ndipo akhungu akhala ndi gawo lachikhalidwe komanso lotchuka la mkati.
Miltifactie Louvre ndi njira yopangira posachedwa. Lamelos awo amaphatikizana ndi lamulo, nsalu ndi pulasitiki yokhala ndi zojambulajambula zambiri kudzera mutanthauzo wanzeru, akhungu ndi "makatani okhazikika pa mbale yofanana." Dziwani kuti tanthauzo sililinso lowona, chifukwa mbalezo sizingapezeke osati zopingasa, komanso zoluma (zikuluzikulu). Akatswiri atsimikizira kuti, ndi akulu, nsalu ndi nsalu zimachitanso izi: Tetezani mkati mwa kuwala kwa dzuwa (ku Russia ndikofunikira kuposa kutchuka (Izi, monga mukumvetsetsa, palibe njira zimatengera nyengo). Koma akatswiri omwewo adzaona kuti akhungu ali ndi maubwino ena. Mwachitsanzo, makatani owonda samatetezedwa bwino padzuwa, komanso owala kwambiri amalepheretsa kulowa kwa mpweya ndikudanda chipindacho. Akhungu amapereka yunifolomu komanso kusinthika ndipo sizisokoneza mpweya. Kuphatikiza apo, kudzera mu makatani owonda nthawi zonse mutha kuwona china chake, makamaka madzulo komanso m'chipinda chowunikira. Ngati mukukhulupirira kuti moyo wapaderawu ndi wopatulika wopatulika komanso wowoneka bwino, kenako tsatirani chitsanzo cha makonda a ku Italy ndi Achifalansa!
Inde, kuphatikiza kwakukulu kunali kolondola: Tilibe Rio de Janeiro. Ikuwonekeranso, vuto la "kutentha kwapatitopetsa" ndi "kubisa ma rays" sikukhala kovuta kwambiri ku mayiko akumwera. Zotchinga zachikhalidwe m'dziko lathu zidateteza zambiri kuchokera kwa alendo osafunikira kuposa kuchokera ku dzuwa. Komabe, iwo amene awona zomwe angatembenuze dzuwa lathu kumpoto kwambiri kuposa zingwe zotchinga minofu itatu, ndikuvomereza kuti khungu ndi lodalirika, chifukwa chake, zachuma.
Vuto lina sililinso ndi miyambo, koma ndi zofananira, malinga ndi maofesi okha ndi mabungwe ena aboma. Kwenikweni, cholinga chathu cha nkhani yathu ndikuchotsa chinyengo chokwiyitsa ichi. Cholinga chokongoletsera chodabwitsa chomwe chili chamkati mwa mkati, khulupirirani, ndizovuta kukhala zopitilira.
Moyo umasokonekera
Akhungu amakono amakhala nthawi zambiri mikwingwirima yolumikizidwa (Lamellalas), yomwe, yotsuka, ipangeni chinsalu chimodzi. Kutembenuza lamelolas (ndi kumagwiritsa ntchito leash yapadera kapenanso makina olamulidwa ndi malo akutali), mutha kusintha kukula kwa mipata pakati pawo, chifukwa chake sinthani kuwunikira kwa chipindacho. Kutengera kuchuluka kwa lamelolas wa akhungu akusungunuka ndikuwala, komanso molingana ndi njira yolumikizira lamella-yopingasa.
Makhumi akhungu amatha kukhala omasuka, kenako kudzera mu kuwala kochepa kwambiri. Pomaliza, pamalo okhazikitsa, akhungu amagawidwa pazenera), omwe ali pamwamba pazenera Danga la mawindo awiri-and attic (amaikidwa pa pindani kapena mafelemu).
Zambiri zina zingapo pa gulu la akhungu ndi njira ya lamellae ndi nkhani zomwe amapangidwira.
Kutsekedwa - Njira yapamwamba. Lamels m'mitundu yotere amasonkhanitsidwa mu "phukusi" kumtunda. Akhungu ndi odalirika, osavuta kuyigwiritsa ntchito, amatha kulumikizidwa pazenera lonse komanso kuzungulira kulikonse. Zabwino kwa zipinda za kukhitchini ndi zogona. Malo ovomerezeka a mitunduyo ndi 6m2 kwa aluminium ndi 3m2 pazogulitsa zamatabwa.
Akhungu. Molunjika bwino kwambiri lamelolas, ngati makatani, amatha kusunthira kumanja kapena mokwanira kuchokera pakati mbali zonse ziwiri. Mitundu yotereyi imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito osati mawindo, komanso monga magawo amkati (ngati mungalumikizane ndi padenga). M'lifupi mwake lili ndi 127mm ("Akhungu la" European Eurce "), kapena 89mm (" American "). "Europe" ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mawindo akuluakulu, ndi "America", monga onenepa, kwa ang'ono.
Dziwani kuti lanjalas yosuntha singayikidwe pafupi ndi chitofu. Ndiye kuti, kukhitchini, akhungu ofukula ali bwino osagwiritsa ntchito.
Mwa mtundu wa zinthu, khungu lagawidwa kukhala nsalu, pulasitiki, matabwa, chitsulo ndi mitundu.
Nsalu zakhungu . Nthawi zambiri, amapangidwa ndi zida zolimba za polyester, zomwe sizimazimiririka padzuwa. Nkhani zokhala ndi antibacterial kusagwiritsanso ntchito, ndi teflof teflof yophimba komanso yopanda fiberglass. Kuwala, kudutsa kuchokera ku nsalu yamenti, kumapangitsa, kupanga zofewa, "zodekha" pakuwunika. Kulephereka kokha kwakhungu izi ndikuti amayenera kusamba nthawi ndi nthawi, chifukwa cha zomwe muyenera kunyoza chinsalu.
Akhungu akhungu (yopingasa ndi yolunjika) ndi yopindulitsa kuchokera ku minofu chifukwa simmpetti, musataye mafuta ndi dothi, kulekerera kutentha kwa kutentha komanso oyera. Mwachilengedwe, izi zonse zimakhudza mtengo wawo, kuyambira $ 14 kwa 1M2. Pulasitiki lamellas ndi onse owonekera komanso owala kwathunthu. Nthawi zambiri mawonekedwe awo amapangidwa zopangidwa, kutumizidwa. Chithunzi chakhungu ndi lamellae, chopangidwa mu mawonekedwe a mafunde, zigzags it D., modabwitsa kuti dzuwa liziwala ndikupanga masewera osangalatsa a chipindacho.
Maso Akhungu (nthawi zambiri zopingasa). Kupanga kwawo ndi nkhuni zopepuka, monga mtengo wa nkhata, bamboo, Canada linden. Ichi ndichifukwa chake mitundu yotereyi ndiokwera mtengo kwambiri - kuchokera $ 70-100 pa 1M2. Pachikhalidwe, akhungu oterewa amawoneka ngati chinsalu cha njanji zowonda kwambiri zolumikizidwa ndi ulusi wina aliyense. M'lifupi mwake lamatanthlo ndi 25 kapena 50mm, m'lifupi mwake ma canvas sapitirira 2m (apo ayi sitima idzapulumutsidwe pansi pa kulemera kwawo).
Akhungu Akhungu (Kuchokera pa $ 20 pa 1M2) nthawi zambiri imapangidwa ndi aluminiyamu owongolera ndikuphimbidwa ndi zoteteza zamithunzi yowala. Samawopsa dzuwa lowopsa, ndibwino kuposa mitundu ina yosunga mawonekedwe ndipo osafunikira chisamaliro chapadera, chomwe chimawapangitsa kukhala abwino kwambiri osakhala (khitchini, sauna, loggia). Zovuta zitha kuganiziridwa kuti ndikuwombera kwa mphepo yamella yazitsulo zachitsulo, moyang'anizana, mabingu.
Akhungu (ofunda) - kuyambira $ 30 kwa 1M2. Ndi kupanga kwawo, zinthu zingapo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito (minofu, pulasitiki, ndi zina), kotero kuti ndizotheka kupanga nyimbo zosiyanasiyana, zimatengera makatani, zimapangitsa. Kutsiriza ndi mizere yazomwe za foil imapereka mapangidwe owoneka bwino.
Akhungu mkati mwakati: kuwala, mthunzi ndi utoto wonse wa utawaleza
Tidziwitseni nthawi yomweyo: ntchito yochitidwa ndi khungu mkati, bay. Kudera kwa mbali, kumapereka kuwunikira kwina kwa chipindacho, chomwe mwakokha chimapanga chimodzi kapena china chokongoletsera (kucha kucha kokongola, Kuda Kwambiri, Kudera Kwathunthu, Kuwala Kwathunthu, Kuwala Kwa Kuwala Kolimba). Mbali yolimba, akhungu amakono nthawi zambiri amangoyimira intaneti imodzi yokha, koma zojambula zamtundu, chojambula chomwe chikupanga akatswiri akatswiri.
Choyamba, muyenera kudziwa kuti ndi gawo liti lomwe mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito khungu. Palibe zoletsa pa akaunti iyi kulibe - adzakhala oyenera kulikonse, kuchokera kuchipinda chochezera. Kuphatikiza apo, maupangiri onse okhudzana ndi kusankha kwa mitundu ina ya khungu chifukwa cha malo amtunduwu amatha kuzindikirika monga momwe akumvera.
Akhungu opingasa ndi apamwamba, amakhala ophatikizika ndi makatani apamwamba amayika makatani okongola. Pankhaniyi, mkati mwake mudzapeza gawo lapadera mkati mwathu, mosakayikira, akhungu abwino opingasa. Zovuta zazikulu ndi kusankha kwa mthunzi womwe mukufuna. Ndikofunikira kuganizira mtundu wa mipando, makhoma, zitseko izi .p. Komanso, ngati mkati mwakeyo yathetsedwa "mumtengowo", izi sizikusintha pang'onopang'ono ntchitoyo. Sterootypes wamba ndi mtundu umodzi wokha wa mtengo, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi utoto. Ichi si cholakwika, koma osati kukwaniritsa mdera lokongoletsa. Vomerezani, ndizosangalatsa kusankha osati mawonekedwe ndi mithunzi, koma mokakamizika mwanzeru (kufunsa mwanzeru wopanga pano adzayeneranso). Monga lamulo, opanga amapereka zitsanzo za lamelolas, kotero kasitomala aliyense amapeza mwayi wabwino wopita kuderalo ". Ngati zovomerezeka pa mlandu wanu zili ndi malo ophatikizika, tidzakulangizani kuti mukonda zotchinga ndi khota la nsungwi. Rio de Janeiro m'dera linatengedwa nyumba, koma osati yankho lavutoli!
Akhungu ndi oyenera kunyumba, kukongoletsedwa mu mawonekedwe otchuka a dziko.
Mwa njira, tikudziwa: Kukhalapo kwakhungu sikutanthauza kusowa kwa makatani, makatani ndi nsalu. M'malo mwake, kuphatikiza kwawo koyenera kumatha kupereka malo oyambira oyambira, omwe, ndipo amasankha. Mwachitsanzo, kuphatikiza izi kungapangitse kumverera kokhazikika, parade. Kuphatikiza apo, akhungu pano sayenera kusiyanitsidwa ndi gawo lothandiza la "dimimi". Malangizo okhawo ndikugwiritsa ntchito intaneti imodzi pa zolinga zotere.
Akhungu omwe adayikidwa pazenera atayamba kutsegulidwa kwamakono, komabe, ngati timalankhula za parade, njira zoyenera zolengedwa zake zimapangitsa kuti khungu lake likhale. Kupanga kwa opanga za ku Russia kwatchuka kwambiri. Ndipo siziri mwamwayi. Choyamba, kuphatikiza kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana kumapereka mwayi wopanda malire pazinthu zilizonse zokhuza chilichonse. Chifukwa chake, akhungu amatha kutsanzira nsalu yotchinga, sinthani ma Games, mawonekedwe a nsalu zamtengo wapatali .P. Kachiwiri, mitundu yotere imakulolani kukulitsa njira zomwe mwapanga. Mwachitsanzo, ngati chipinda chochezera ndi nduna nthawi zambiri chimasankha mitundu yosiyanasiyana yoletsedwa (ngakhale lingaliroli limalumikiza mitundu yolumikizirana), kenako kwa ana pali mitundu yonse yoseketsa ".
Kwa mkati mwa amayi amakono, akhungu nthawi zina amakhala ochulukirapo kuposa zomwe zimachitika, chifukwa koyambirira kulowererapo komanso kuphweka, mopepuka, motero amayamikiridwa m'nthawi yochepetsetsa. Pankhaniyi, mitundu yonse yopingasa ndi yolunjika yopangidwa ndi mitengo, nsalu, pulasitiki kapena aluminiyamu kukhala koyenera. Wokonzera koyambirira kwa lamelolas mosiyana ndi kujambula. Pestrot, yosankhidwa bwino komanso "yothandizidwa" ndi zinthu zina zamkati zimapanga zokongoletsera zazing'ono. Kusankha pakati pa njira yopingasa sikokwanira, kupatula khitchini, monga taonera kale, ofukula lamericalas sayenera.
M'malo mwake, kunyamula khungu kuyenera kukhala chimodzimodzi ndi nsalu. Chinthu chachikulu ndikuganizira zomwe zapangidwa ndi mitundu yayikulu: jenda, padenga ndi makoma.
Kusamba kwakukulu, kapena vuto laling'ono
Inde, nthawi ndi nthawi akhungu akhungu azisamba, kupukuta kapena kuyeretsa ndi chotsukira.
Akhungu akhungu akhungu amagwirizanitsidwa ndi matebulo abuluu - chitsanzo cha njira yokongoletsera bwino, yovuta kwambiri komanso yotsika mtengo (koma osati yotsika mtengo) adawagulitsa ndikuyika. Algorithm pochita zinthu zina ndi: Munthu amabwera kwa inu, amachotsa khungu, kuzichotsa pakati pa masiku awiri. Mtengo wa ntchito ndi pafupifupi $ 3 kwa 1M2, koma makampani ena amakhala ndi dongosolo locheperako kwa $ 60. Mwanjira ina, ngati dera lanu lakhungu limakhala lochepera 20m2 (lomwe, monga lamulo, zimachitika), mukuyenera kulipira $ 60. Nthawi zina zimachitika kuti chifukwa cha kutembenuka molakwika, khungu limasweka. Kenako amathanso kukonzedwa ndi kampani yopanga kapena kukhala ndi zofunikira. Komabe, milandu yomwe yafotokozedwa pamwambapa ikukhudzana ndi gulu la anthu pafupifupi. Ngati mumatha kuchitira khungu khungu mosamala komanso osanyalanyaza malamulo oyamba a opareshoni, kutsuka kwakukulu sikungafunikire posachedwa.
Ngati kutsegulira zenera ndi kopapatiza, akhungu ofukula angakhale m'njira! Palibe malonda apadera osamalira osamalira achitsulo, pulasitiki ndi mitundu. Iwo, osachotsa lamella, kupukuta kapena kuyeretsa ndi chotsukirako, ndipo zoyera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati kuipitsidwa koopsa. Akhungu kwambiri akhungu. Sayenera kungothandizidwa ndi chotsuka, komanso kusamba (osati mgalimoto, koma), ndikuyeretsa burashi (kamodzi pachaka). Musaiwale kuti kuyeretsa kowuma kokha (burashi kapena chotsuka chotsuka) ndi koyenera kwa minofu ina. Zogulitsa zodzizikika zimasiyidwa ndi burashi yofewa kapena nsalu yothiridwa mu zotchinga. Pokhapokha atawonekera ku Mevase wa ku Melvase, banga lachilengedwe lidzafunikira. Amakhala ndisanatsuke asanatsuke pang'ono kuchokera pa wothamanga, ndikuchotsa unyolo wotsika. Lamella iliyonse iyenera kutsikira mpukutu, zilowerere m'madzi ndi ufa ndikuchoka kuti mukagone. Osatenthetsa! Kenako lamelolas amachotsedwa ndikuyipilira. Ndife owongoka ndi kuwonjezera. Nsalu yabwino kwambiri itatha kutha, kotero kuti musasunge pa kugula, kapena ...
Kuwerengetsa kwa mtengo wakhungu
Mtengo wonse wa akhungu umapangidwa ndi zinthu zingapo. Ganizirani chitsanzo chabwino: Munaganiza zogula mtundu wa minofu ya chipinda chamoyo (kukula kwake ndi 1.81.5m) ndikulumikizani ngati makatani wamba kukhoma pamwamba pazenera. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, musanapange kuwerengera, m'lifupi mwake kutalika kwazenera kuyenera kuwonjezeredwa 10 cm.
Chifukwa chake m'lifupi mwake canvas: 1.5 + 20.1 = 1.7 m; Kutalika kwa canvas: 1.8 + 20.1 = 2m; Dera la canvas: 1.7 2 = 3.4 m2. Mtengo wokwanira wa nsalu za nsalu za $ 20 pa 1m2: 3,420 = $ 60.8.
Mtengo woukirira uli pafupifupi 10% ya mtengo wonsewo, ndiye kuti, munthawi yathu ino, pafupifupi $ 6. Koma nthawi zambiri pamakhala mtengo wocheperako, womwe umawerengeredwa pafupifupi 200 rubles. Ndiye kuti, ngakhale kukula kwa zenera, muyenera kulipira ndalama zochepa kuposa izi. Kukula, monga lamulo, ndi zaulere, ndiye kuti mtengo wonse wakhungu pamodzi ndi kuyikapo ndi: $ 60,8 + $ 71.8.
Bolo la Etherhilas zikomo gulu la siliva, Proma, "Rio" kuti akuthandizeni kukonzekeretsa zinthu.