Mwachidule pamsika wosalira kutsogolo ndi mbiri yake, mitundu, njira zogwiritsira ntchito ndi makonzedwe okhazikitsa.
Vinyl kumbali sikuti ndi gawo longotsatira bolodi yosokera. Uwu ndi zinthu zonse zofunika kuti zithetse mawonekedwe okongola komanso omaliza.
Kubalika kumapangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zosiyanasiyana: yini ndi fiberglass, zitsulo ndi aluminiyamu, simenti komanso nkhuni
Kugwedezeka sikumangokhala ndi mitengo yamatabwa yokha, komanso pachifuwa chachitsulo. Pansi pake, mutha kubisira "kukumbutsani, ndipo mutha kungokonza mpando wokhazikika
Kutalika kwa khoma la khoma la phirilo, ndikukwera kuchokera pansi
Ferry Shing Brand Pacts
Kugulitsa mapanelo kumatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngakhale kuphimba matedi a asitikali ndi kutseguka veranda, "thyathya "lathyathyathya" ndi geometry yovuta
Mapako a cassing amalumikizidwa mosavuta, ndikukupatsani mwayi wopeza zigawo zilizonse. Msozi wojambula ukuwoneka wokha kuchokera kokha
Utoto wosakhala makanema a "zikhomo" pagululi - njira imodzi yosavuta kwambiri yopangira mawonekedwe
Kugwiritsa ntchito zovuta zomwe zimakhala ndi zotsekereza kwambiri kumakuthandizani kuti muchepetse kutsimikiza kwa gawo la gawo
Zabwino kwambiri ngati mtundu wa mafelemu a zinthu zomwe zimagwirizana ndi nkhosa yamphongo
Ndipo izi ndi zotsatira za kugwiritsa ntchito njira zotchulidwa zapangidwe.
Ma Panels ochezera atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kumaliza mawonekedwe onse
Pogwiritsa ntchito mapanelo apansi, zinthu zina za mawonekedwe zimatha kukhala kutalikirana, komanso pangani kapangidwe ka zomangamanga. Mwachitsanzo, umu ndi momwe mungalowe mnyumbamo
Thandizo lakuya limapereka badbags kuchokera ku fiberglass kufananizidwa kofanana ndi kutsata analogues wachilengedwe
Kugwiritsa ntchito mapanelo osanja amkati
Mapanema a vaninl amaphatikizidwa bwino ndi vanyl ndi mbiya
Mapanelo achitsulo okutidwa ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali yamwala
"Masamba" amasamba sakhala ma board, koma mapanelo opangidwa ndi mitengo yopanda matabwa ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera
CORAME Base Shidet imayikidwa pa crate, monga mitundu ina yonse yolumikizana
Wopanga mwachinsinsi nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chidwi chofuna kusungira nyumbayo osati yokongola, komanso amasiyana ndi oyandikana nawo. Mpatseni utoto. Njira yosavuta yokwaniritsira, pogwiritsa ntchito kumbali yotsiriza. Tidzakambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Kodi kubzala ndi chiyani?
Kuti muyankhe funso ili, muyenera kuyang'ana nkhaniyi. Koma osati mu athu, koma ku America, nthawi imeneyo pamene Amereka idakhazikika ku Europe. Kutsimikizira pamalo ena atsopano, osamukira kumvetsetsa bwino kuti akhoza kukhala osakhalitsa ndipo mawa angakhalebe patsogolo. Apa aphunzira kumanga nyumba zowala pamatabwa ndikuwafesera ndi chilichonse cha mbewu (china chophweka cha Indian wigkwam, koma zikomo kwambiri zofuna za munthu wotukuka). Pang'onopang'ono, ukadaulo wa chimango wakhala kwachikhalidwe ku America. Pomanga nyumba yayikulu pamaziko oyamba, chimango chonyamula champhamvu chonyamula chinaikidwa, chomwe chimakonzedwa ndi zojambulajambula ndipo zidasinthidwa. Mu "mtundu wapakale", bolodi yapadera imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe aku America amayimba. Ili ndi gawo losinthika (m'mphepete imodzi, kale, ena - okulirapo) ndi kupindika molunjika m'mphepete. Amapangidwa ndi pine, spruce kapena fir. Kukhalapo kwa ma sheets (bolodi kumtunda kumaphimba pansi) Kuthetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphepo yowonjezera ndi chitetezo chopanda chinyezi. Kwa zaka zingapo tsopano tsopano, bolodi yotereyi yagulitsidwa pamsika wathu, lokhalo limangoitcha kuti sagwirizana, koma American.Zonena, chinthu chokongola komanso chopatsa chidwi, koma chokwera mtengo ndipo, mwatsoka, osati kokhazikika kokwanira. Kuwonjezera moyo wam'matabwa, eni nyumba nthawi zonse amayenera kusokonezedwa ndi nthawi ndi nthawi (kuyankhula m'mawu amakono, kuti azigwira ma antiseptic ndi chinyezi chopatsa). Ndipo, zowonadi, kwinakwake mu zikumbumtima, aliyense wa iwo amakhala loto: "Ikanafota kunyumba, zomwe zingakhale moyo wabwino kwa inu ndi chikhulupiriro komanso ayi (kapena pafupifupi palibe) chisamaliro sichinafunikire! " Ndipo nkhanizo zikupeza malotowa kuwonekera. Unali padelo ya PVC, mbiri yomwe imabwerezedwanso mbiri ya malo osungira. Tsiku loyamba kugwiritsa ntchito vinyl kumbali ya vinyl (Vinil Shine) imawerengedwa kuti ndi kumapeto kwa ma sixties - chiyambi cha makumi asanu ndi atatu azaka zapitazi, za XX zaka za XX.
Mwina zonse zinayamba nazo. Otsatirawa adapangidwa ma panels a PVC, kutsanzira njerwa ndi mwala, zowoneka ngati mawindo, otsekera, ma grilles olimbikitsa ndi zinthu zina zomangamanga. Pa nthawi ya PVC, aluminium ndi zitsulo zidatengedwa pakapita nthawi, ndiye kuti mtengowo (HDF) ndi simenti. Kumapeto kwa malekezerowo, lingaliro la "kufesa" likuwonjezeredwa kuti tsopano ndi ukadaulo wonse kuti uzimaliza panja ndipo osati zopapatiza ("mabatani") komanso mothandizidwa mapanelo akulu. Mndewu pansi pa mawuwa adayamba kunenedwa pafupifupi zinthu zonse zomwe zimapezeka popita, kuphatikizapo mapanelo ochepa kwambiri. Izi, m'malingaliro athu, ndi chitsanzo cha kugwirira ntchito kwa kutchuka kwa kalankhulidwe kambiri kakale, koma sitingamakangane za kutanthauzira kwa kumasulira kwa mawu.
Zomwe zimayambitsa kutchuka kwa
Zifukwa zomveka izi ndizosavuta: mtengo wotsika mtengo, kukhazikika kochepa komanso kosavuta. Mphamvu yaukadaulo imafotokozedwa chifukwa, mosiyana ndi zinthu zina, zinthu zosafunikira sizimafuna kuwongolera pansi. Komanso, pafupifupi kulengeza kumabisidwa mosavuta pansi pa iwo. Kubzala sikuopa zotsatira za chinyezi, bowa ndi tizilombo, kugonjetsedwa ndi nyengo yosavuta, moto. Zida za Vinyl motsogozedwa ndi lawi lotseguka limasungunuka, "mitengo" - yosuta, koma kuphatikiza kwina sikuthandizidwa. Kutsamba kwachitsulo ndi simenti sikuyatsidwa konse. Mapeto ake atha kuchitika nthawi iliyonse pachaka, kuphatikizapo ntchito yayitali kwambiri. Chifukwa ichi, monga lamulo, palibe zida zapadera - ndizokwanira kumangirizidwa ndi nyundo ndi misomali (pogwira ntchito pamunsi, kuphatikiza malangizo opangira masinthidwe), ndikuwerenga malangizo okhazikitsa.
Ubwino wotchulidwa amapanga ogula mosamala ndikumaliza kwatsopano komanso nthawi yomanganso nyumba zakale. (Akatswiri a kampani "A Western Designi Center" akukangana kuti pafupifupi 75%, imagulidwa kuti azikongoletsa nyumba zakale kapena nyumba zatsopano kuchokera pa bala yopanda kanthu komanso yosatsegulidwa.)
Malamulo a General Akulu
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi Bige Com coonadi: Wopanga aliyense woopsa amapereka malangizo ake ndi malangizo atsatanetsatane. Izi zikufotokozedwa kuti ndizochita zosavuta kwambiri (kuphimba malo akuluakulu a misonkhano yamtengo wapatali) ndi njira zamkati mwa misonkhano yamsonkhano (mkati mwa mkati ndi kunja, ndikuwongolera mawindo, kusindikizidwa). Komanso, "zapamwamba" ngakhale zimapereka mayankho opindulitsa omwewo mwanjira zingapo. Zipolowe zimaperekedwa pachilichonse kuyambira mtunda pakati pa misomali ndi malamulo a kubwereza kwawo (musadabwe!) Ndikutha ndi kukula kwa mipata yazomera pakati pa zinthu zomwe zili. M'mitundu iliyonse yomwe inalira ndiyofunikira movomerezeka paulangayo, popanda kutsiletsa njira iliyonse, apo ayi mavuto sapewedwa. Chiri nacho ndi inu, mulumikizane ndi iye mukafuna kuwona kulondola kwa zochita za omanga. Zachidziwikire, ngati ntchitoyo ikutsogolera ambuye kuchoka pa kampani yayikulu kwa wotsatsa, simuyenera kuda nkhawa, adzaperekanso chitsimikizo cha kukhazikitsa, osachepera chaka. Avoti kumbuyo kwa shabashniki adzayenera kufufuza.Mutha kukwera mozungulira ngati mtengo wamtengo wapatali kapena wachitsulo (ndende zambiri, yomwe nthawi zambiri imachitidwa ndi chiwonetsero cha zopumira, ndipo mwachindunji zopangira (ngati zinthu zake ndizosalala). Kuchiritsa kugwiritsa ntchito kabati, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti ndi mawonekedwe ake odana ndi antisepptic yopangidwa kuti iteteze mtengowo ndikumupanga, komanso kupereka nkhuni moto.
Vanyl
Izi ndi gulu lopangidwa kuchokera ku polyvinyl chloride (pvc) mwakumwa. Kutalika kwawo ndi kuyambira 2 mpaka 6m, m'lifupi - 10-30 masentimita, makulidwe - 0,96-1.96m. Zosiyana zimalumikizidwa mosavuta wina ndi mnzake, ndikulolani kuti mulandire magawo aliwonse. Choyipa cha gulu lirilonse chimakhala ndi chotseka, m'mphepete mwa zokongoletsera zapamwamba kwambiri kuti zikhazikike kukhoma ndi misomali (yodzikongoletsera) ndi gawo lovomerezeka la loko la latch. Kuphimba kumawoneka pakhoma, kuyambira pansi, mkuwa. Padelo yapamwamba kwambiri mbali yakumanzere ya m'munsi, kutseka, motero, m'mphepete.
Mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe apansi
Mtundu wachikhalidwe wa bolodi ndi "mtengo wa Khrisimasi ku United States, komanso kwa mayiko a ku Europe, gawo ili (gawo ili mu chizindikiro sichimawonekera mwanjira iliyonse). Pagawoli imatha kuumbidwa imodzi, ma board "kapena atatu". Opanga (ndipo, mwachilengedwe, ogulitsa) amachitcha kuti mawonekedwe. Amadziwika ndi mapanelo motere: osakwatiwa (osakwatiwa) -s, owirikiza (kawiri) - atatu) - katatu (katatu) - 2. M'lifupi "Reiki" ikhoza kukhala 4; 4.5 kapena mainchesi 5, polemba chizindikiro ichi chikuwonetsedwa ndi nambala pambuyo pa mawonekedwe. Mwachitsanzo, S5 ndi gulu limodzi lokhala ndi mainchesi 5, D4,5-Ternel ndi njanji ya mainchesi 4. 2114.3mm) T4-Triple) ndi mainchesi 4. Izi ndizofanana. Koma pogulitsa mutha kupeza ndikugwirizana ndi m'lifupi mwake "Reiki" mainchesi 6 ndi 6.5. Ndikofunikanso kudziwa kuti nthawi zina opanga osiyanasiyana nthawi zina amakhala osiyana ndi ena. Palibe muyezo umodzi pano). Chifukwa chake, mankhwalawa ochokera ku kampani imodzi sakugwirizana ndi chinthu china. Komanso, ngakhale wopangayo ali amodzi, koma gululo ndi la mndandanda wosiyana, sangathenso kuyandikira.Kubuka kumene kunabadwa
Pakupanga mapanelo, pvc imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kuwonjezera kwa osinthira, okhazikika ndi zosakaniza zina zomwe zimasankha zinthuzo, komanso utoto. Kupangidwa kosungunuka (kuphatikiza) kumakankhidwira dzenje ndikuzizira, kusunga mawonekedwe. Atangotuluka pagululi kuchokera kunja kwake, kapangidwe kake kamalumikizidwa, kutsanzira gawo limodzi kapena mtengo wina, kenako ndikudula mabowo ndikuyika mabowo okwera.
Njira zopitilira muyeso ndi ziwiri. Poyamba monomecakisisision, momwe zinthuzo zimapangidwira pamtunda wa homogeneous, chachiwiri. Pankhaniyi, gululi limakhala ndi zigawo zingapo zomwe zimakhala ndi zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana. Malinga ndi akatswiri, njira yolumikizirana imakupatsani mwayi wogawana bwino kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa gululi. Mwachitsanzo, sideji yakunja (nthawi zambiri 20-25% ya makulidwe a zinthuzo) amatha kupanikizidwa ndi zigawo zomwe zimayambitsa kukana kwa nyengo komanso mlengalenga, komanso zowonjezera zamkati zomwe zimafotokoza zinthu zomwe zimafotokoza zinthu zomwe zimafotokoza kapangidwe kake komwe kumafotokozera mphamvu. Mwachilengedwe, njira yolumikizana ndi ma couxotrosion ndi yovuta komanso, motero, imafunikira zida zangwiro komanso zodula. Komabe, chifukwa chogawa kwambiri zowonjezera, mtengo wa zomaliza umachepetsedwa.
Khalidwe lolowera kumbali limaperekedwa makamaka lowonjezera mapangidwe ake. Mwachitsanzo, zowonjezera zimayambitsa kukhazikika, zomwe zimalepheretsa kukalamba kwa polyvinyl chloride. Iwo, titero kunena kwake, koyambirira kwa pvc, koma njira yokalamba ikuchedwetsa, ndipo katundu wa zinthuzo amakhala wokhazikika nthawi yonse yogwira ntchito. Chifukwa cha kuphatikizidwa kwa zowonjezerazi, opanga ena amapereka chitsimikizo pakuyang'ana kwawo zaka 50. Zina zowonjezera zimatha kuthana ndi mtolo, kutupa, kusenda kapena kusokoneza zinthuzo, kulimbana ndi kusintha kwa mtundu motsogozedwa ndi radiation ya dzuwa. Amakulolani kuti mugwiritse ntchito vanyl mbali pafupifupi iliyonse.
Khalidwe labwino limatengera kukhazikika ndi kupitiriza kwa njira yaukadaulo, yomwe imatsimikiziridwa ndi mphamvu zopangira zokhazokha ndi zowongolera makompyuta pazomwe zimapanga. Ndikuthokoza chifukwa cha izi kuchokera pamakampani akuluakulu kwambiri kuposa mafakitale ang'onoang'ono.
Pamwamba pa vanyl kubzala sikuti kungophatikizidwa (mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhuni yomwe imasungunuka), komanso yosalala. Tiyenera kunena kuti mabotolo osalala nthawi zambiri samangokhala otsika mtengo, komanso othandiza kwambiri, amatola zinyalala zochepa.
Zinthu zanyumba
Mukayang'ana nyumba yophimbidwa kunyumba, modziteteza osati kukongola kwake, komanso kulondola kwa kumaliza. Choyamba changwiro ndi kutsiriza kwa makoma, ngakhale ali ndi vuto (ngakhale "sayansi" ya mapotola), kusunthira kwa ngodya, kusintha kosalala. Mphepo yamoto ndi yosalala. Ngakhale chikondwererochi ndikuyikidwa mokongola kwambiri. Jicky mipata. Zimatheka ndi zonse chifukwa cha zovuta zoyambirira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhazikitsa. Timalemba nawo mndandanda uliwonse.Yambitsani Mzere Ankakonda kumangiriza mzere wapansi pa mapanelo. Pambuyo kumapeto kwa kukhazikitsa kumakhala kosawoneka.
J - Mbiri (Nthawi zambiri mutha kukumana ndi dzina losauzika, koma ku Russian- Jirnen) amagwiritsidwa ntchito poimba magawo, komanso kuti athetse ma sophytes. Akuti mtengo wotsika ndi wosinthika ndiye mtundu wotchuka kwambiri pomanga. Mosafunikira, mwachitsanzo, pamene kulowerera kwa nsalu yolakwika, pa khoma lokhazikika pamzere wophatikizika padenga. Mbiri yapadera yosinthika yosinthika ya j - imagwiritsidwa ntchito mokweza zokongoletsera za zotseguka.
- F-chenel Ntchito pokweza sofit ndi fasmas (bolodi yamphepo).
- Z-Mbiri - Kulumikiza, kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ndizosatheka kulumikiza ma panels-mapaneli a ma vangest kapena kupeza zokongoletsera zina.
- Bwato - Bolodi yamphepo, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutseka malekezero a padenga.
- Zenera / chitseko Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokongoletsa zokongoletsera.
- Kunja kwa chakunja Amakwirira ndipo amakhala ndi ma panels pa zakunja, ngodya zowopsa kwambiri.
- Ngodya yamkati Imatumikira kukwera ngodya zamkati.
- Kutsiriza dongosolo Malinga ndi mutu wake, makhoma amamalizidwa ndikukonzanso m'mphepete mwa mzere womaliza.
- Mphwayo - Zinthu zapamwamba za zokongoletsera zokongoletsa zenera ndi makomo.
- Mafunde ochepa Ankakonda kuchotsa pazenera kapena pansi pa madzi amvula.
- Soffit - gulu la zipatso zanyezi. Imatha kukhala yolimba ndikuzimitsa mpweya wabwino.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti opanga ena ali ndi zovuta zawo, zapadera, zomwe zimalola kupanga mawonekedwe a makoma a makhoma kapena kuthetsa mavuto ena owonjezera. Izi zitha kukhala zokongoletsera zokongoletsera zabwino (magundo, zingwe zapadera zophimba zodulira zamiyala, zigawo zapadera zokongoletsa cholumikizira kuchokera kukhoma la IT.P.) kapena mawonekedwe a mtundu wa mtundu uliwonse, pomwe mbiri iliyonse imakumananso yankho laukadaulo wapadera. Musaiwale kufunsa kuti pakhale zinthu ngati mudzakhala.
Tiyenera kunena kuti chitsogozo chomwe chili patsamba lokongola (zomwe, monga mukudziwa, zimafunikira kuti ozunzidwa) azigwiritsa ntchito ndalama zambiri. Dziweruzireni nokha. Mitengo ya zinthu zabwino amapitilira mtengo wa gululo, lomwe pamapeto pake limatha kuwonjezera mtengo wogula (kutengera ndi 1m2 pamwamba pa 30 mpaka 40%. Mwachitsanzo, pamtengo wa mapanelo akuluakulu a $ 4.5 / M2, mtengo wa mita imodzi yakumapeto kwakeko nthawi zina $ 6-6.5 / M2. Sizikhala zovuta kwambiri. Ngati kusankha kuli kovuta kwambiri, kuwonjezeka kumakhala kofunika kwambiri.
Kupanga mphamvu ndi kugwira ntchito
Amadziwika kuti zinthu zilizonse zokongola, ngakhale utoto umayambitsidwa munthawi yopanga, nthawi yochepa. Opanga zida zoweta, mwachilengedwe, amafunsidwa. Pafupifupi zilonda zonse za vinyl zimapangidwa mumitundu yofewa (kampani yofunika kwambiri, kampani yonse, gamma wader). Koma mkhalidwe uwu wa zochitika umayamba kusintha. Opanga ena adaphunzitsidwabe kuti amalumikiza utoto waukulu (mwachitsanzo, VOX, Sloveyl wolumikizana, mitten, Kaycan, etc.). Zowona, ndizofunika kwambiri kuti malonda ena amakwera mtengo kwambiri, omwe amafotokozedwa pogwiritsa ntchito utoto wosakhazikika. Koma ogula, chifukwa cha kumbali yowala, pali danga lothetsera njira zatsopano, zokongoletsera komanso wopanga. Kodi tikutanthauza chiyani?
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti luso lotha kusewera ndi makoma a khomalo linalinso kale. Choyamba, kunali kofunikira kusankha mtundu ndi mthunzi wa mapanelo akuluakulu, kenako ndikusankha zowonjezera ndi zinthu zina za utoto kwa iwo kapena mthunzi. Kulandila kwina kosavuta: mapa mbali imodzi kapena awiri a mtundu wina kapena mthunzi wake adadutsa makoma (lamba wachikuda "wachikuda" kuzungulira nyumbayo adapezeka). Kusasinthika kofanana ndi utoto wofanana wa utoto, mwachilengedwe, wokulitsidwa koposa.
Kusamalira vynyl kuzengereza ndikochepa. PVC ndi zomwe dothi ndi loipa, mafuta. Ngakhale mafuta ochokera pansi amakhala onyowa mokwanira. Tikuwonjezera chidebe chamadzi kuti chizikhala m'madzi am'madzi (ambiri omwe ambiri a ife timatsuka mbale) ndipo titha kuyeretsanso malo onse omwe angathe. Pambuyo pake timatsuka khoma la payipi.
Vinyl kumbali sikungokhala kokha, komanso zotanuka. Mwachisawawa chimakhala chokhotakhota. Koma ndi chilimwe. M'nyengo yozizira, iye, mwatsoka, amakhala osalimba, komanso kuphatikizika kwa zowonjezera zapadera zomwe zimasintha. Chisanu chakecho ndi vuto laling'ono, kotero kuti kusokonekera kwamphamvu komanso kowoneka bwino kumawonekera pa trim (nthawi zonse muyenera kukumbukiridwa nthawi zonse!). Njira yokonza pano ndi imodzi yokha kapena yolowetsa. Choyipa chowonongeka chimasokonekera mosavuta, ndipo chatsopano chimayikidwa pamalo ake. Ngati chinthu chomwe chaperekedwa kumene chikuwoneka chopepuka kwambiri kuposa choyandikana nacho choyandikana nacho, ingosambitsa khoma lomwe tafotokozazi.
Msika wa Vinyl
Opanga opanga vinyl mbali ya vinyl, yomwe idapezeka pamsika waku Russia kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana lomaliza, anali ashland-debein nkhawa) ndi zovuta zingapo. Zinthu zodula mtengozi zidagulitsidwa mpaka vuto la 1998. Pambuyo pake, panali zotsika mtengo kuchokera ku Poland (VOX) ndi Slovakia (Slovakia (Slovakia (Slovakia). Kenako zopangidwa ku Canada zidawoneka (mitten, Kaycan, Gettek), ndipo adatenga malo omwe American Anlis anali m'mavuto. Malinga ndi ogulitsa, waku Canada mpaka mpaka posachedwa pa 50% ya kuchuluka kwa malonda ambiri.Nthawi idapita, ndipo Ashlando adabwerera kumsika kwathu. Opanga Opanga Aku America Am American Vinyl, zinthu zoyeserera, zomanga zamtima, variform ndi Georgia- Pacific. The slod yopangidwa ndi iwo omwe ali ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba kwambiri komanso mitundu yonse yamitengo yayikulu.
Opanga apakhomo samayimabe. Osachepera magulu awiri omwe amakonzedwa kupanga kwawo, izi ndi "Tern Polymer" (Trademark West) ndi "Alta-Mbiri". Adakankhira zinthu zomwe adagulitsa ndipo adafuna gawo lawo. Ndikofunikira kuti ena ogulitsa zikuluzikulu omwe kale adayamba kugulitsa adamukana mokomera Russian. Makina aulosi amapezeka makamaka mtengo wotsika mtengo poyerekeza ndi anzawo akunja, omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi okwera (mwachilengedwe, chifukwa cha mtengo wa Niche yemwe amakonzera). Mwachidule, apa tili ndi vuto lokha pomwe katunduyo ndiwokongola kwambiri pa quio ya "mtengo-waluso".
Ndikotheka kuti kukula kwa kutchuka kwa nyumba zapakhomo kunathandizira kuti opanga zachilendo, mpaka posachedwa, adaperekedwa ku Russia ku Russia kunali mitundu yowonjezereka (3-5) m'malo 15-20 ndi chikwatu). Chalk ndipo nthawi zina nthawi zina ankapatsidwa mitundu iwiri, mu woyipitsitsa, woyera woyera (konsekonse). Zowona, posachedwapa chithunzicho chidayamba kusintha kukhala bwino. Mwachitsanzo, mitten wakhala akupereka kuti azicheza ndi utoto wonse kwa chaka chimodzi. Zopumira zimafikiridwa. Iyo sangathe koma chonde ogula aku Russia.
Posachedwa, chinthu cha ku Germany (viylit Fassaden) chayamba kugulitsa (ku Vinylit Fassaden) kuchokera ku vinyl yamiyala, yomwe ma granules a miyala yachilengedwe amawonongedwa. Mapanelo okhala ndi chisokonezo ndipo popanda iye ali ndi gawo la m'lifupi mwake 180 mm, wandiweyani, 5mm, kutalika - 6m ndipo ali ndi zida zazitali. Lumikizanani pamaso pawo pa mfundo ya "Grooo-Ridge". Ndi mitundu yosankha bwino, yomwe ili ndi zokutira zolimba (zodulira pakati pa zinthu zomwe siziwoneka, ndipo mawonekedwe onsewa amawoneka ngati okumbidwa), kapena kugawidwa m'makona (chinyengo cha zomangamanga) khoma). Panels zotsekera zimatha ndipo molunjika komanso ngakhale pakona. Zowona, kubzala kotereku sikungogulidwanso m'sitolo, kenako "kukhazikitsa" pakhoma, monga momwe zimachitikira. Wogulitsayo angafune kumupatsa ntchito yanyumba kapena zojambula za pamwamba pa nyumba kapena zojambula zake zonse zofunika, kenako adafunsa njira yachidule, ndipo pokhapokha kuchokera ku Germany, mudzapereka zida zofunikira. Koma nyumba yanu idzakhala ngati chithunzi. Koma mtengo wa "chithunzi" ichi ndi chachikulu - kuyambira 34.8 mpaka 42 cu. Kwa 1M2.
Kuphatikiza pa bolodi yapamwamba ("Mtengo wa Khrisimasi" ndi "Bar Bar"), msika umapereka kuti, tinene, mawonekedwe osakhazikika. Izi, choyamba, mapanelo omwe ali ndi chipinda chopangidwa ndi manja, pomwepo ngakhale mitundu yolumikizana ndi mitengo yamitengo (yozungulira yazingwe), mwachidule kwa cedar) ma Cenar Ceger Cedar, amaseweredwa. Kachiwiri, awa ndi mapanelo omwe amapangidwa ndi matanthwe omangika (malingaliro a Cedar kuchokera ku Freteed ndi New World Screepoop kuchokera ku Georgia-Pacific). Ndi zinthu zina zimakuthandizani kuti musinthe kwambiri kapangidwe kake. Koma ogula athu sagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri, omwe, mwachiwonekere, amafotokozedwa mwa kusagwirizana (makamaka ngakhale kwachilendo) kwa ogula kwa Russia. Chifukwa chake, ogulitsa amapereka mankhwalawa pokhapokha, kuyambira $ 25-30 kwa 1M2.
Mapanelo a solu
Mbali yakunja ya nyumba si makoma okha. Umu womwe umafunanso kukongoletsa, komanso wamphamvu kwambiri m'mikhalidwe yake, popeza ili pansi pamlingo, ndipo apa chiwopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwamakina kuli pamwamba kwambiri. Makamaka chifukwa chake ndi zinthu zapadera, zolimba "zolimba". Choyamba, ndiye mapanelo apansi. Amakhala ngati pang'ono pang'ono, mokha ndikuyika molunjika (kusinkhasinkha proguamo mndandanda wa kusiyanasiyana pamtengo wa $ 8 / M2). Kachiwiri, mapanelo a vinyl pansi pa njerwa ndi mwala wachilengedwe. Zinthu zoterezi pamsika waku Russia mpaka posachedwapa potumiza kampani yodziwika bwino ya American ($ 26 ya 1m2). Tsopano zinthu zasintha. Pa chiwonetsero chomaliza "MosBotive", mapaselo am'munsi aimiridwa kale ndi kreisler (Germany), wa ku Canada), "Om-Bureau" ndi pafupi ndi ena. Mtengo wa opanga zonse zomwe adalemba ali ofanana - kuyambira $ 19 mpaka $ 20 pa 1M2. Kukula kwa mapanelo, monga lamulo, ndi 10047cm, koma mutha kukumana kawiri katatu. "OM-Bureau"), omwe, ali pa lingaliro la wopanga, amakupatsani mwayi kuchuluka kwa zinyalala.
| Cholimba | Dziko | Kuchuluka kwa mitundu yoperekedwa | Mtengo wa Panel, $ / M2 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ashland-devis | USA | zisanu ndi zinai | 5.1-5.5 |
| Western Vinnyl | USA | 7. | 4.5-4.6 |
| Ananenedwa | USA | 12 | 3.5-4,1 |
| Georgic-Pacific | USA | 12 | 4.4-5 |
| Zinthu zomanga zamtima. | USA | 12 | 4.4-4.8. |
| Kusiyanasiyana | USA | ||
| Zogulitsa zomanga za gertek. | M'tanja | 12 | 5.45-5.6 |
| Kaycan. | M'tanja | khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi | 4.4-5 |
| Mitten. | M'tanja | khumi ndizisanu ndi zinai | 4-5, "malo" - 10.9-11.6 |
| VOX. | Poland | zisanu ndi zitatu | 3.5-4,1 |
| Sloveyl. | Slovakia | 12 | 4.2-5,1 |
| "Tembenuzani Polymer" | Ndeges | 6. | White- 3.7, utoto- 3.8 |
| "Mbiri ya Alta" | Ndeges | zisanu | 3.5-4,1 |
Dziwani kuti mapanelo sangagwiritsidwe ntchito osati kokha, komanso kuti mumalize zomangamanga za nyumbayo ndi makhoma onse. Zinthuzi ndizoyenera kugwira ntchito mkati - pamene mabulosi, khitchini, Logreas, ma band a moto, ngati ali osokonezeka bwino), zokolola zazomera izo.D.
Phiri la Phirili silovuta - onse ali ophatikizidwa mwachindunji mpaka pachimake kapena pachimake (chimango) ndipo chimangodumphira mbali inayo mbali inayo. Ngati kukhazikitsa kumachitika mu nyengo yozizira, kuyenera kukhala kusiyana kwa 6mm pakati pa zinthu zoyandikana ndi Trim. Misomali sayenera kusokoneza mayendedwe owonda. Ngati pali chosowa, mapanelo amatha kukonzedwa (kutsatira ku kutsatira ndi chithunzicho) ndikuyang'ananso. Msozi wokondweretsa wokhala ndi sealant yapadera pafupifupi ali ndi vuto. Patsamba za baseball, palinso zinthu zawo zabwino (ngodya zakunja, j-aluso, ndichakuti, monga tikudziwira, ndiokwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa nkhani zazikulu; Mtengo wa malo okongoletsedwa ndi 1m2 wokongoletsedwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo ndi 30-50%.
Zinthu za kuwunika kwa mazikozi zitha kupangidwanso kuchokera ku fiberglass kutengera ndi polyester amalizi ndi kuwonjezera mafilimu. Thukuta la mapanelo amalimbikitsidwa ndi fiberglass pamalo onse. Woyimbira zakunja amapangidwa ndi utoto wapadera komanso utoto wozizira. Pamwamba amatsata miyala yamiyala (yonse yonse, ndi muzu), mapiri ndi mwala wawung'ono, komanso mitundu yonse yamiyala. Chinthu chodziwika bwino cha mpumulo waposanu chomwe chimapereka kufanana kwambiri ndi kutsata fanizo lachilengedwe, ndi miyeso yayikulu - 12202440 ndi 500 (300) 2400m. Makulidwe - kuyambira 3 mpaka 10 mm, kutengera kaonedwe ka mpumulo. Mutha kuzigwiritsa ntchito kunja, komanso mkati mwa nyumba. Imapereka mwala wapamwamba kwambiri (St. Petersburg). Maso amaso aliponso zinthu zowongoka komanso zolumikizira, zokongoletsera band - zimachitika .P. Ma Panels - $ 31-39 / m2, mangulangu, $ 31 / pog. m, zotsalira- $ 40 / M2.
Kampani yomwe yatchulidwa kale ya vinyait Fassaden imapereka ma panels (4301101140mm) "pansi pa pharsem" ndi anthracite). Mtengo - kuyambira $ 39 mpaka $ 42 kwa 1M2.
Zitsulo
Kuwonekera pamsika wapabanja kwa nthawi yayitali, zitsulo zotsalira sizingafanane ndi opanga zapadera. Chidwi mwa iye chidadziwonekera chokha m'zaka zaposachedwa. Izi zikuchitika chifukwa chakuti, pomwe akusunga pafupifupi zabwino zonse zakuphwanya vinyl, mapanelo azitsulo ndi olimba kwambiri ndipo, chifukwa chake, osagwirizana ndi zovuta zamakina (makamaka kutentha). Zinthu zake, mwachilengedwe, sizophatikizika ndipo sizipanga mawonekedwe a nthiti "ndi mafoni chifukwa cha kukula kwa kutentha. Montazh mapanelo oterewa si ovuta kwambiri kuposa PVC. Chidwi chogwiritsa ntchito kumbali yachitsulo chimathandizidwa ndi makampani omwe nthawi zonse amapereka zinthu zonse zatsopano ndipo zida zatsopano zikupanga. Zotsatira zake tsopano za pamsika pali zitsulo, aluminiyamu ngakhale zinc-tinc-tinc-tinc-tinc-tinc-tinc-tinc-tinc-tinc-tinc-tinc-tinc-tinc-tinc-tinc-tinc-tinc-tinc-tinc-tinc-tinc-tinc-tinc-tinc-tinc-tinc-tinc-tinc-tincZitsulo
Zinthuzo ndi zazitali komanso zowala kwambiri kuyambira 120 mpaka 300 ndipo ngakhale 550m mkhosi. Amapangidwa ndi chitsulo chambiri. Okonzeka ndi kufalikira kwa poling, mitundu yomwe imafanana ndi zokutira pa polsoyter, polsower, proces (mwachitsanzo, m'malo ogulitsira; omic 8.1 / M2; Paul- $ 9.7 / M2; Kugwiritsa Ntchito $ 10,25 / M2), kapena penti ndi 20% yokwera mtengo kuposa 20% "). Kwa nkhani yoyamba, mitundu yosankha, imakhala 6-8 yokha. Mu mtundu wachiwiri wa utoto ukhoza kukhala wina aliyense pamlingo wa ral.
Pamwamba pa mapanelo ali osalala ndipo amakhazikika, onsewo amapangika (pokhazikitsa misomali kapena zomangira zodzikongoletsera) komanso popanda zotayikidwira. Pa mawonekedwe a gululi amathanso kudziwa (chofanizira kwathunthu ndi mtengo wa vinyl "la" matabwa ") amawonedwa), kapena osalala (posachedwapa (pompopompo amapezeka kwambiri). Tsopano m'mafashoni owoneka bwino, omwe amatchedwa eyiti. Zitha kuyikika mbali zonse komanso molunjika (mtengo- $ 7-10 / M2).
Kukhazikika kwa msika wathu kumayimiriridwa ndi ambiri opanga, ndi Chirasha, ndi akunja. Chiwerengero cha alendo aposachedwa, ziwiri zili zochepa kwambiri, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mabizinesi anyumba, m'malo mwake, kapena kuchuluka. Chifukwa chake, pa chiwonetsero chomaliza, chiwonetsero chachitsulo chidaperekedwa kampani imodzi yakunja kwa Sinnila (Finland) m'mitundu ina ya Fatseti ($ 36-40 / M2). Newlia adayimiriridwa ndi mbiri yachitsulo ($ 7.5-12 / m2), "($ 6.1-10.7 / M2)," ), "Albes" ($ 9.75 / M2, akuganizira za sysystem), "Omilve" ($ 7.5 / M2) ndi ena .
Zitafika pokonzekera kuwunika, ngati wogulayo asiya kusankha kwawo zinthu zapakhomo, iye nthawi yomweyo amalandira ntchito yowonjezera. Malinga ndi zojambulazo, kapena khoma lakunja la makoma akunja, wopanga amapanga kuwerengera konsekonse, kenako imapanga mapanelo a casms ofunikira komanso ofunikira. Chifukwa chake, palibe chodulira chilichonse, chokha kungoyambitsa kapena kulera. Ndipo, koposa zonse, ntchito yotereyi ndi yaulere. Monga tafotokozera ku Muzhhtekhhmashkice, kuli kopindulitsa kwa maphwando onse awiri: Kampani siyingatulutse, ogula alibe zinyalala. "Omi" adapitilira- Kampani imatumiza kwa wogula wa katswiri, mtengo woyitanira ndi $ 50. Ngati dongosololi lidachitika, ndalamazi zimachotsedwa pamtengo wake wonse.
Tiyenera kukumbukiridwe kuti pakukhazikitsa chitsulo, palinso zinthu zovuta. Opanga nyumba akupita kuno m'njira ziwiri. Ena amasula seti, pafupifupi zofanana ndi vinyl mdenga (kugwiritsa ntchito zinthuzi kumawonjezera mtengo wa 1m2 wa zokongoletsedwa ndi 30%). Makampani ena osiyanasiyana saperekedwa, koma okhala ndi "dentibque" ya chitukuko chawo, kuphatikizapo kuchulukitsa komanso kuwononga mtengo wa 1m2 ndi 20%). Zikatero, pamtengo wa mapanelo akuluakulu a $ 7.5 / M2, mtengo wamba wa mita imodzi yokongoletsedwa kwathunthu ndi $ 9-95, yomwe imafanana ndi mtengo wa vinyl. Kukula kwachilendo kwachilendo kumatulutsa kampani "kraspan" (krasnoyarsk) popereka mapanelo ake omaliza. Amatchedwa "crvinchmerolstolstone" ndipo amadziwika ndi kuti mawonekedwe ake amaphimbidwa ndi mwala wachilengedwe (kuchokera pa $ 15 / M2). Pano muli ndi kutsanziridwa kwina kwapamwamba.
Aluminium
Ili ndi zabwino zonse zachitsulo chija, chomwe chimapangidwa: chosawopa chiwonongeko, ndizosavuta, zomveka (zikuwoneka bwino kuposa zitsulo) komanso zolimba. Zopangidwa ndi ma aluminium ma aluminium ali ndi zida zokutira poyitanira ndi polder (pankhaniyi, pamwamba pake pamatha kukhala mpumulo), kapena utoto wa ufa wa ufa. Kwa nkhani yoyamba, gululi limapezeka okwera mtengo kwambiri, koma ndibwino kutetezedwa ku nyengo yoipa. Amatsala pang'ono kubwerezanso vinyl, pali ziyeneretso zomwezi.Mpaka posachedwapa, opanga nyumbayo sanapange aluminium mmbali, koma m'zaka zaposachedwa zinthu zasintha. Tsopano pamsika mutha kupeza zinthu zonse ziwiri zaku Russia. Kuchokera pamakampani akunja, ogula athu amadziwika makamaka a Ceffoa (USA). Zogulitsa zake zimasiyanitsidwa ndi zokutira zambiri, mitundu ndi maluso. Chitsimikizo chimaperekedwa kwa zaka 50. Zida zokutira 0.48 kapena 0.61mm. Kutalika kwa gulu - 3.66-3.81m. Mtengo, pafupifupi $ 30 / M2).
Opanga Russia (mwachitsanzo, Albes) amadzitamandira mliri wa aluminium. Kufana kwathunthu ndi vanyl kumbali ya Vinyl kumaperekedwanso (monga kunenedwa ndi zitsulo za 0,5mm), ndi kusankha kwabwino kwambiri ngati chitsulo (makulidwe - 0,8 ndi 1mm). Mtengo wake umachepera kwambiri kuposa wa ku America, kuyambira $ 10,7 mpaka $ 11.3 / M2.
Aluminium wodetsa ngakhale kuti ndibwino kumaliza nyumba zachinsinsi ndi nyumba zina, koma sanalandirebe kufalikira ku Russia. Zifukwa zake zili pano, mwachidziwikire, ziwiri: Choyamba, mtengo wokwera wa zinthuzo, ndipo wachiwiri, wachiwiri, unyinji. Dziweruzireni nokha: Ngati "osaka azitsulo" omwe sangakhale othanola) owombera a aluminium otetezedwa kuchokera padenga, ayenera kuvala chiyani? Mwambiri, ngakhale zinthu ngati izi ndizoyenera pokhapokha nyumba zotetezedwa bwino.
Kukhazikika ku zinki
Ngati zokutira zotsekera kuchokera ku zinc-Tincium zimadziwika ndi ogula apanyumba kale (onani zowunika mu 7 for 2003), ndiye kuti pali zochepa zomwe zimatenga izi. Imapereka kampani yake yaku Russia "Union zinc". Mapulogalamu ali ndi makulidwe a 1mm, m'lifupi- 200, 250 ndi 300 mm, kutalika - kuyambira 0,5 mpaka 6m. Misa imodzi ya mita imodzi - pafupifupi 10kg. Pamwamba paphimbidwa ndi matina okongoletsa "quartz-zinc" (imvi) kapena "anthra-zinc" (yakuda). Mtengo wa zinthu zoyesa izi ndi koyenera, pafupifupi $ 75 / m2 (pali 15-40% zovuta kuwonjezera zochuluka). Mutha kuyitanitsa mu mawonekedwe a chivundikiro chanyumba, chomwe ndikofunikira kuti apange wopanga ntchito.
"Matanda" ndi simenti
Woyamba si "Matanda". Amapangidwa ndi matainnoculalosic osakaniza pokakamizidwa ndi kupsinjika kwakukulu komanso kutentha kwambiri. Zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana - Baner, kulimbikitsidwa, kuchepetsa zinthuzo, onjezani madzi ake .D Masamba akunja omwe akupanga zomangamanga amagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso mawonekedwe ogulitsa nkhuni, amawoneka ochulukirapo. Apa mutha kupeza fanizo la pafupifupi mitengo iliyonse yamtengo wapatali. Mtunduwo umakhalanso wosiyanasiyana. Kunja, kusamalira kumeneku kumakhala kofunika kwambiri ndipo kumadziwika kwambiri. Pa msika waku Russia, waperekedwa ndi kampani yaku America kwa zaka zingapo (pafupifupi $ 13 / M2), koma sindinatchule ndi chidwi ndi ogula athu.Osati kale kwambiri, wopanga wina wa Werzat (Germany) adatulutsidwa, zomwe sizinangokhala gawo lomata, koma dongosolo lonse la malekezero ndi makonde. Kusankhidwa kwa mitundu, ndipo pali 28, ndipo pali zokongoletsa zapamwamba (mitundu 4) pano. Utoto ukhoza kulamulidwa ndipo tokha (opanga komwe kuli komwe kuli komwe kumayambira). Panelo zimapangidwa ndi m'lifupi wa 115 ndi 155mm, 5.5 m yayitali. Makulidwe - 9mm. Kukhazikitsa kukhoma la khoma pamiyala yamkumwamba, mwa iwo eni, mwa mtundu wa "graove-crest". Pali kufunikira kwa izi, ngakhale kuti sizikhala zotsika mtengo, - $ 45-80 kwa 1M2.
Mbali ya simenti imapangidwa kuchokera ku simenti ndi kuwonjezera kwa ulusi wa cellulose. Amawonetsedwa ndi kutentha kwambiri, chifukwa chake kumakhala mphamvu yokwanira. Sili mantha ndi chimphepo champhamvu, palibe radiation ultraviole, wopanda tizilombo. Kusamalira bwino ndi mawonekedwe ngakhale m'mikhalidwe ya kutentha kwambiri. Masambawo amadulidwa popanda kuyesetsa ndipo amakonzedwa mosavuta, mu izi ndizofanana ndi zinthu zomaliza za mtengowo. Kunjanso kumawoneka ngati: malo okhwima amapatsidwa mawonekedwe amitundu yofunika. Pamwamba pa gululi amangoyambiranso, pambuyo pa kutha kwa kukhazikitsa komwe muyenera kuti mugwiritse ntchito. Kubzala kotereku kumapangidwa, mwachitsanzo, zoyeserera (nyengo za nyengo) ndikuwononga pafupifupi $ 11 / M2. Kampani ya ku Russia "Phalmama" yakhazikitsa kupanga simenti yozungulira simenti ndi chitsamba cha galasi. Amapangidwa ndi njira yosinthira. Utoto umapangidwa mu misa. Miyeso - 500 (600) 300 25mm. Mtengo - $ 9 / M2.
Zokongoletsera
Amapangidwa mwachindunji kuti agwiritse ntchito mu seti yokhala ndi vinyl kapena zitsulo. Msonkhanowu umaphatikizapo mapepala ndi zitseko, zotsekera (ndi "gulu lonse la" lakhungu) lakhungu, mitsinje, zigawo, zinthu zokongoletsera komanso zina zambiri. Zonsezi, zonsezi zimakhala ngati sikodziwika ku nkhuni zachilengedwe ndipo sizitanthauza kuti kusewere. Pali zinthu ngati zoterezi osati makampani apadera (mwachitsanzo, makampani ambiri), komanso makampani ambiri omwe amapanga vanyl (mitten, woganiza, Georgics It.D.).
Apa, mwina, onse. Tikukhulupirira kuti nyumba yanu ikhale yosangalatsa komanso yokongola kwambiri.
Ofesi ya Ordial Zikomo kampani Werzalit, Rannila, "stroypolimervice", "stroteryashrricevice", "stroteryashrricevice , "Zachitsulo," omi "kuti muthandizire kukonza zinthuzo.