Kupitiliza mndandanda wa zofalitsa zokhudzana ndi mbiri ya kapangidwe ka malo okhala: likulu la chisamaliro "chipinda chachikulu" ndi chipinda chodyera.
Chithunzi m.stepanov
Chithunzi K. Manko
Kuzizira, chipinda chopapatiza chimayenera kulawa mbale zosayembekezereka mu mtundu wa "kusokonekera" ndi zachilendo ku Japan "
Chithunzi m.stepanov
Atakhala mchipinda chochezera ndikuyang'ana kumalo odyera okhala ndi chiwongola dzanja chambiri, ndikufuna kuwerenganso nkhani za Chekhov, ikani tebulo loyera ndikuyika samovar
Chithunzi Garshblovsky
Chipinda chodyeramo ndi chopanda kanthu chopanda kanthu komanso cha Gulko. Maganizo samasokonezedwa ndi zokongoletsera zosafunikira ndi mipando.
Chipinda chokongola chachikhalidwe, chomwe choyenera komanso chokoma kwambiri "chophika" cha Wolemba "ndi tiyi wokhala ndi kupanikizana
Chithunzi K. Manko
Kuyenda kamodzi kumatha kugawidwa ndi chipinda chochezera ndi malo odyera, kusintha mpunga kwa alendo omwe ali ndi kulumikizana kwa chakudyacho ndi vinyo wabwino. Kuthekera kobwerera - kukhala ndi kusuntha kwamaganizidwe
Chithunzi m.stepanov
Wolemba polojekitiyo adakwanitsa kupanga "Gothic modabwitsa" ndipo mu chipinda chodyera ichi, kupewa zolemba mwachindunji komanso kusintha kokongoletsa
Chithunzi m.stepanov
Nduna. M'cholo chodyeramo chotere, ndibwino kudya chokoma, koma pakapita nthawi. Kenako kuthamangira ku Manchicts
Chithunzi v.neplepledova
Chipinda chodyera ndi chenicheni, kapena chokongoletsera. Ndipo koposa zonse zomwe zimapangidwira. Koma kutentha kwa mtima wanyumba kumatheka chifukwa chosiyanitsa khoma loyera komanso loyera "
Monga benchi, tebulo, zeneraNdili ndi mwezi wa siliva wabwino ...
A. Akhmatova
Kuyiwala zolemba zopatulika "Ndikakhala wogontha ndi iye,", tikangobwereranso ku mkuntho, pamene chakudyacho chinkatsagana ndi mavidiyo, komanso zokambirana, kuyimba. Matenda aku Russia nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa ndi manambala owoneka bwino "opezeka" omwe amayenera kusintha chimbudzi. Avot omwe Phativen analemba kuti: "Makolo athu sangathe kuyenda. Zovala za siliva ..." Ndife ofanana kenako muphwanya malamulo awiriwa pagome, "osasokoneza" ndi " Osafulumira. " Khalani ndi nkhawa komanso kufunthira ...
Chipinda chachikulu kwambiri
Chithunzi K. Manko
Nthawi zonse kusakaniza kosanthu mwa masitayilo ndi malo kumayambitsa zovuta zina. Mipando - APRAR, dziko la zingwe, ketulo yaku China. Malo odyera pafupi ndi "kusakaniza malingaliro" ndi ma stylistic adalephera mu XVII. Zipinda Zodyera ku Russia zimatchedwa zipinda za mabulosi. Akadakhala kuti adakumana ndi nyumba zomwe zimasiyana mtundu, kukula ndi malo. Choyamba kutchedwa chipinda chodyera chachikulu ndipo chinali chinkawerengedwa. Izi zisanachitike, ku XVIV., Chipinda chodyera chimatchedwa chakudyacho, ndipo chinali china chake pakati pa phwando komanso chikondwererochi. Kutsogolo theka xviiiv. Mawu akuti "malo odyera" anakhala othambola, chifukwa zinafika m'malo mwa njira yotanthauzira "holo". Tsopano m'chipinda chino mumakhala chakudya chodyera. Pamitsempha ya tsiku ndi tsiku, zipinda zochepa zimaperekedwa, kapena zipinda. Tsopano, ku France, tebulo limatha kuphimbidwa ngakhale kutsogolo. Ndipo kuchokera kwa 1770s kokha. "Nyumba zonse zili ndi chipinda chofuna kudya."
Chipinda chodyera nthawi zambiri chimapezeka pakona ya nyumbayo ndikuwunikiridwa ndi mawindo ochokera mbali ziwiri. Quclock XVIIV. Ikuyenda kale pafupi ndi pakatikati pa nyumbayo. Chipinda chino chimadzaza ndi mawonekedwe akulu ndi kuwotchera madzi owolowa manja (pamodzi ndi makonako palinso makona ozungulira komanso owuma). Nthawi yomweyo, kuya kwake ndi kochepa. Pansi nthawi zonse zimagwirizanitsidwa nthawi zonse, osati parquet, monga ku holo.
Kale mu xix. Makanema amachotsedwa pamtunda wowunikira kutsogolo ndikugwa pakati pa zipinda zokhalamo zomwe zili pabwalo la bwalo. Kuwala sikuli kofunikira kwambiri, koma kusinthana kolumikizirana ndi khitchini ndikuchotsedwa kwa malowo ndizofunikira. Kusintha 1839-1841gg. Chifukwa chake akuti: "Chipinda chodyeramo chizitha kuchotsedwa m'zipinda zakutsogolo chifukwa kununkhira kwa fungo la Kusin. Chipinda chodyeramo, ndikofunikira kukonza malo apamulo m'chipinda chodyeramo."
Chipinda chodyera cha Russia ndi holo ku Europe Chrouni imasiyana kwambiri. Rodinitis iwo - kukula ndi udindo waukulu
Nyumba ya Glitsyn pa Volkhonkka (1760). Dongosolo Lapansi
Nyumba sapoznikova (70-80-Russia. XVIIV.)
Kumayambiriro kwa XIX. Chipinda chodyeramo chimapezeka pafupi ndi msewu waukulu (kutsogolo) ndi mazenera awiri ndi atatu ndipo ali ndi zitseko zitatu zomwe zimakulumikiza kuchokera kutsogolo, kufikira kubwalo ndi zakudya. Nthawi zina ma canteen omwe adagwirizana ndi buffet, yomwe nthawi zina inali chakudya cham'mawa pakati pa holo ndi chipinda chodyeramo, kuti chikhale chovuta chotumikila m'chipinda chilichonse.
M'nyumba yaying'ono, chipinda chodyera sichinakhutire. Adatumikira ngati holo, yomwe idadziwika kwambiri ndi nthawi imeneyo. Inde, ndi kwathu. Chipinda chodyera mu mawonekedwe osiyana umakumana nthawi zambiri m'mizinda yakunja ndipo chimafanana kwambiri ndi Veranda yophwanyika.
Chithunzi cha hostess
Chipinda chodyeramo chimanena za inu ngati wophika ndi bwana. Ngati mumakonda alendowo, ziyenera kukhala zazitali, kutsogolo ndi kukhala ndi matebulo (matebulo, mipando, kunyamula matebulo ndi osiyanasiyana). Ndipo, motero, musachite popanda mbale zambiri komanso zotengera zosavuta kuti zisungidwe (makabati, slide, zowonetsera). Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira (ndipo iyenera kupereka!) Muzipereka cholembera "kusamukira ku alendo obalalika, kugwira ntchito tebulo, mbale zosungunuka.Koma ngati chipinda chanu chodyera ndi chaching'ono komanso chachangu, palibe amene amaziyang'ana pazinthu zosafunikira. Osachepera, tebulo ndi mipando iyenera kukhala pamenepo. Chinanso, ngati mukutsatira lingaliro la chipinda chodyera ku khitchini. Koma zidzakambidwa pambuyo pake.
Zokongoletsera za chipinda chodyeramo ndi dziko lopepuka, mwadzidzidzi kapena zachilengedwe kapena zachilengedwe zomwe zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe aku Scandinavia. Izi nthawi zambiri zimadziwika chifukwa cha malo osavomerezeka. Makhalidwe ake, monga akatswiri azamaphunziro amatsimikizira, zimatengera zaka za alendo komanso miyambo yake. Makanema ang'onoang'ono omwe m'badwo womwe udapitilira 30, wocheperako. Onjezani ku chikondi chofatsa ichi kwa zakudya za ku Japan, ndipo mupeza chithunzi cholosera kwambiri mu mzimu woyenerera. Zolengedwa zazing'ono zopanda moyo za m'badwo womwewo, kukonda kuphika kokoma ndikudziwa zambiri za nkhanu zachikhalidwe zaku Russia (ma pie yeslectics ku Cintstins Trint (topkins, matawulo). Nthawi zonse anyamata aakazi amakhala osasamala. Mkazi wamasiye amanyalanyazidwa mu nyanja ya machenjerero, amapatsidwa kudziko lomwelo kapena ampari. Arire amadzilungamitsa, chifukwa ndi momveka bwino pofunafuna ndi okwera golide. Buffet yowala ndi khitchini yoyera, patebuloni yoyera ndi mipando yopanda zingwe zolumikizidwa. Kalembedwe kameneka ndichabwino chifukwa zinthu zowonjezera ndi mitundu zimalosera komanso mosavuta. Kuphatikiza apo, ndichikhalidwe komanso pafupi ndi malingaliro aku Russia.
Amuna amagwirizana ndi chipinda chodyeramo chosayanjanitsika. Pafupifupi satenga nawo mbali m'gawo ili la nyumba. Mkati mwazinthu zachilengedwe zamtunduwu sizipezeka. Pali malo ena omwe amaphatikizapo kukhitchini, chipinda chokhalamo, chipinda chodyera, chipinda komanso nthawi zina bafa. Malire mu osonkhanizi amakhala achilendo kwambiri ndipo adasankhidwa ndi mwini wake. Pothawirapo pothawirapo kwa osakwatiwa ndi Epikurean wokhala ndi maluso afupifupi achidule.
Ana sakonda chipinda chodyera konse, chifukwa amawatumiza m'manja ndi miyendo. Ndizosangalatsa kwambiri kumanga tebulo lowongolera m'chipinda chanu ndikumva ngati wopanga wanga wa Pyr.
Dzikonzekeni
Chipinda chodyeramo chimayenera kusangalatsa maso ndikuthandizira kukonza chidwi, liyenera kukhala loyera komanso loyera. Mtundu woyera ndi wopanda cholakwika komanso konsekonse. Imaphatikizidwa ndi chitsulo chachikasu, yoyera ndi yofiira, ndi mtengo wamdima kapena wopepuka. Adzagogomeza kapena kutsindika. Koma, kubweretsa utoto woyera, muyenera kusamala kuti ndikosavuta kugwira ntchito. Mwachidule, malo oyera akuyenera kutsuka mosavuta, emit kapena yoyera.
Chithunzi P. Lebedeva
Pamakhoma a chipinda chodyera ichi, zithunzi za nthawi yachikale zimaseweredwa. Ndipo ngati pakuthandizira chithunzicho kuti muwonjezere kununkhira kwa masewerawa, kuwombera pachimake, sikovuta kulingalira chisangalalo ndi chidwi cha iwo omwe adakumananso ndi zipinda zodyeramo. Sichoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito "mankhwala" kapena mitundu yazozizira zam'madzi, chifukwa amapereka mthunzi "wosanyamula katundu. Amatsimikiziridwa kuti chimbudzi chofiira kwambiri. Mithunzi ya mankhwala a 15meloko, mabulosi, tomato kapena maapulo anu mu kulimbana kwa banja labwino ndi alendo. M'malo achiwiri ndi achikasu, pa green yachitatu. Koma sikofunikira kusunga "mphamvu" ya mitundu pamizere yayitali. Ziwiya zowala, zopukutira, zokongoletsa kukhoma, zowala (koma zazing'ono) zokongoletsera patebulo ndizokwanira kwa iwo omwe safuna "Mexico." Makina akuluakulu komanso owutsa bwino, komanso mawonekedwe owoneka bwino kwambiri pamakoma osokoneza patebulo. Nthawi zina zimakhala zambiri kuti zimafanana ndi chilakolako chosavuta. Tsopano, nthawiyo ndi yowala, koma mtundu wa makhoma umapangitsa kuti chipinda chodyera chisasangalale komanso chosangalatsa. Kawiri podyera sayenera kuyimba.
Mapangidwe a mawindo amatengera malamulo omwewo. Itha kuchotsedwa kwathunthu, osalowerera ndale. Osati kokha kuti muchite nawo mitu ya "chisangalalo" cha zipatso za zipatso zamasamba kapena zokongoletsera za geometric zomwe zidachitidwa ndi zachiwerewere. Zowona, mutu wa Kummawa, wotsatsirana ndi wothandiza ngakhale pamakina opaka pawindo.
Magetsi m'chipinda chodyeramo. Cholinga chachikulu chimatumizidwa kuntchito, zida ndikuyika mbale. Ziyenera kukhala zowala kwambiri, koma osadula maso. Nyali pamwamba patebulo yodyera iyenera kuyang'aniridwa pamwamba kuti musapangitse anthu omwe akudya nawo. Zoseketsa zoseketsa, mutha kupeza mtundu wosinthika, komanso umapatsanso mawonekedwe. Makandulo amawoneka bwino kwambiri, koma kupezeka kwawo patebulopo kumachitika chifukwa cha chizindikiro chotere, chomwe sindimadziwa kufunikira kwake kugwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi. Zikatero, nditsatsa bwino kuti lawi liyenera kukhala lokwera kapena lili pansi pa mawonekedwe a alendo anu. Ngati mugwiritsa ntchito tebulo logwiritsira ntchito, samalani kumbuyo kwa nyali imodzi kapena sconce. Chikumbutso cha antchito, buffets, slide ndi mawonekedwe amapatsa maso kuti aziganiza za ziwiya wokondedwa, zithunzi kapena makonzedwe a maluwa.
Chimwemwe cha Fedorino
Chithunzi K. Manko
Nyumba ya dziko ili ndi chipinda chodyeramo chopanga chipinda chodyeramo. Mu izi, ndi ochepa "owerengeka", ndipo buft imayambitsa kukumbukira za Soviet 60-70-kg. Ndi mbale za kristalo komanso kapangidwe ka zakudya zimafunikira kutsukidwa ndikusungidwa mwaluso. Cholinga chabwino kwambiri chosungira ndi buffet, maenje ndi zithunzi. Onse omwe adatchulidwa "aziwoneka bwino mchipinda chochezera. Mwachikondi, iwo amadziona molimba mtima zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukatumikira tebulo. Zowoneka bwino pansi pa mtundu wakale kapena wa atsamunda, zinthu izi zimathandizira patebulopo tsopano "mthunzi. Abduchi adapanga geometrolylylyly, kungopereka zochenjera nsapato za alendo, popanda mawu pazokha zake. Malo omwe malo awo, kuchuluka kwake, kuya kwake kumachitika chifukwa cha kukula kwa chipinda chodyeramo. Pakunja kwalembedwa pamwambapa, chifukwa chake sindidzabwereza.
Chipinda chodyera chachikulu chili ndi tebulo lalikulu. Ndibwino mmenemo ndi tebulo lowongolera, makamaka ngati isandulika kukhala mozungulira. Izi zidzakhala ndi alendo ambiri kuposa makona akona. Ndi kukhala pambuyo pake, monga m'bwalo la mfumu Arthur.
Tebulo lozungulira likalimbikitsa chipinda chodyeramo chaching'ono. Zomwe zimayambitsa ndizofanana. Kwa alendo ambiri, mutha kukhala ndi miyendo yolumikizira ndi kuphatikizira (monga zosankha - mbuzi) zomwe zimatha kusokonekera mosavuta ndikuchotsedwa m'chipinda chosungira. Gulu lofananalo limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mibadwo ya Middle.
M'chipinda chodyeramo chovomerezeka. China chake ndichakuti funsoli likubwera: Kodi onse ayenera kukhala patebulo? Mwinanso ayi. Kulibwino, ngati palibe zopitilira zisanu ndi chimodzi, ndipo zotsalazo zitha kukhala ndikupukutira ndikudikirira ora yathu kuchipinda chogwiritsira ntchito.
Gome laling'ono lonyamula nthawi zambiri limafunikira kumwa zakumwa zochepetsetsa ndi zokhwasula ngati buffet. Adzakutumikiraninso ntchito yabwino paphwando lalikulu, loyenerera piriki yake mbale, zopukutira, magalasi ndi zida zomwe zingakhale bwino.
Kunyezimira
Chipinda chodyera chimakakamizidwa kuti musunthe bwinobwino. Akazi a chipinda chodyeramo amayenera kulemekezedwa. A 7I pankhope yosangalala imayamba kumwetulira kokhutiritsa, izi zikutanthauza kuti njira yotsuka chipinda sikopweteka. Kuti mukwaniritse izi ndizosavuta.
Choyamba, pansi pa zikhalidwe ziyenera kukhala zolimba, zosavuta kuwonongeka osati Kuwala Kwambiri. Kachiwiri, musamamenye ma carpets. Mwa nkhani yomwe ilipo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito ma rugs, mphasa kapena mphasa kuchokera ku nzimbe kapena udzu wamadzi. Koma onani ngati sapumira pansi. Chachitatu, kavalidwe kakang'ono ka "kavalidwe" wopangidwa ndi zotsekemera zomwe zitha kukulungidwa mosavuta kapena zoperekedwa kuti zisaume popanda chiopsezo chomwe chimasokoneza. Komanso mipando yokhala ndi yopindika ndipo imafotokozedwanso. Chachinayi, makoma mu chipinda chodyeramo amayenera kusamba kapena kukwera popanda mavuto. Nthawi yomweyo, atha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino kapena njira, kutsanzira mtengo kapena mwala. Lachisanu, kukongoletsa mawindo, musaiwale kuti nsalu zolemerazi zimakonda kuyamwa fungo la chakudya. Ganizirani izi posankha. Chachisanu ndi chimodzi, molondola ndikukhala mosamala kuti zisungunuke.
Ndizosadabwitsa kuti malangizowa ali oyenera khitchini. Kupatula apo, ambiri amalumikizana molimba mtima khitchini ndi chipinda chodyeramo. Malo oterowo ndi abwino kwa alendo onse, komanso alendo, komanso nyumba. Counter Basi Counter ndioyenera kuwunika kadzutsa ndi phwando. Tebulo lotseguka mwadzidzidzi limakhala. Koma zokambirana za metamorpole izi zikuyenera kukhala ndi nkhani yosiyana, chifukwa chake sadzangofika kwa nthawi yayitali.
Ndipo upangiri womaliza: Yesetsani kudya chete. Motero. Idiot.