Nyumba pa klyazma

Malongosoledwe a ukadaulo womanga upangiri wa chimango cha chimango cha 300 m2, omwe adamangidwa mwezi umodzi ndi theka.

Dongosolo Lapansi

Dongosolo la chipinda chachiwiri

Maziko anali konkriti wocheperako wokhala ndi makulidwe a 45cm, omwe ali pamzere wam'munsi pafupifupi 40 cm

Bolotola board anali maziko okhazikitsa mapanelo a khoma. Adalumikizidwa ndi chipinda chapansi kudzera mu ruberboid

Mapepala a fayilo amabisa bolodi yolumikizira, yomwe imapanga famu yathyathyathya. Board imapangidwa ndi mipiringidzo iwiri yokhala ndi mtanda wa 46146m, wolumikizidwa ndi mbale yazitsulo (MZP) kuchokera ku minu tech

Kuwona garaja. Panetsatane ena amadzi nthawi yayitali amafanana ndi kukula kwa nyumbayo. Zinandipanga zovuta zina akaikidwa

Zolemba zonse mnyumbamo zidapangidwa mu mfundo imodzimodzi yogwiritsa ntchito MZP. Izi zidapangitsa kuti zitheke kukhala zazitali za pansi ndi zocheperako zakuthupi.

Masamba a pansi adalumikizidwa ku board ya Mauerlat amagwiritsa ntchito ngodya zojambulajambula ndi zomangira mtunda wa 40cm kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake

Mukapanga gululo limapangidwa kuti zotseguka zilidi pakati. Magawo amkati ndi osakonzekera

Msonkhano wa kapangidwe kake kamatenga masiku awiri okha. Koma kenako zinakhumudwitsidwa. Chomera chinalibe nthawi yopanga mapanelo a gawo lachiwiri. Kutchuka kwaukadaulo sikukhudza ntchitoyi - kupanga nthawi zina sikulimba

Maulalo a chipinda chachiwiri chimayikidwa pamlingo womwewo monga woyamba. Pamwamba pa mapanelo a khoma, bolotolat Board limakhometsedwa, kenako lolumikizidwa ndi ngodya

Nthawi zina, ma lagi a perpengocula sakufulumira kuti achulukitse malo othandizira pa Mauerlat

M'magawo a cholumikizira cha T, ma lagi amatembenukira kumanja kumanja mu "thanthwe", popanda thandizo. Ndiye kulumikiza zinthu kwapadera popanga chipolishi kumabwera kudzapulumutsa

Kuti alimbikitse malo oyenera, mwachitsanzo, komwe gawo lidzakhala gawo lomwe mundawo udzachitika - ma lags angapo amadutsa ndi kudzikonzera. Chifukwa chake limakhala chowongola dzanja chachikulu cha mtanda.

Panels khoma la chipinda chachiwiri chimayikidwa mabulogu, nawonso, pogwiritsa ntchito ngodya, yomwe ndi yolondola kwambiri komanso zowongoka bwino mu kapangidwe kake.

Mbale zamiyala yazitsulo zophweka kwambiri

Pambuyo pokhazikitsa mabokosi ndi mabokosi amaphimbidwa ndi filimu yopanda madzi "izosan-a"

M'mabuku m'mbuyomu, takambirana kale za mapangidwe angapo a maziko, makoma ndi padenga, za zabwino zake ndi zovuta zawo. Masiku ano, mwapatsidwa malongosoledwe a ukadaulo womanga ukadaulo womanga utoto wokhala ndi gawo la 300m2, lomwe linamangidwa m'miyezi imodzi ndi theka.

Nyumba za Shield-Shield sizachilendo kwa nyengo yaposachedwa. Awa mwina ndi luso lotsika mtengo komanso lachangu. Ntchito yomanga mabatani kapena mapiko opumira imatha nthawi yayitali. Kupanga kwa chishango cha Ostrian kuli fanizo la malingaliro awiri ofananira. Maonekedwe oyamba ali mu mawonekedwe a kuwala kokhazikika kenako ndikugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwamiyala yamiyala ndi gawo la mtanda wa makona a 50150mm. Kukhala wolondola, kukula kwa matabwa owuma (ochepera 20% chinyezi) ndi 46146mm, popeza bolodi ndiye ndege. Lingaliro lachiwiri - chishango (gulu) - limaganiza kuti chimango chimaphatikizidwa pang'ono kuchokera pa ma panels (okhala ndi kapena popanda heatel) kuyambira 1 mpaka 3m, onse kutalika ndi m'lifupi. Amapangidwa mu zinthu zafakitale, osati pamalo omanga.

M'malo mwathu, mapanelo omwe amapanga chimango ndi kutalika kwa 2.8m ndi kutalika kuchokera ku 0,7 mpaka 2 m ndi khomo la pakhomo ndi pazenera malinga ndi polojekiti. Mbali yotulutsa ya zishango imakutidwa ndi ma millimeter osb-millimeter omwe adayikapo kapangidwe kake. Pambuyo pakusonkhanitsa bokosilo kuchokera pa mapanelo ndi kusokonekera kwake, pansi panthaka ndi madzi pansi, makhoma ndi makhoma adayamba kukhala "sangweji" yokhazikika. "Kudzaza" kwake nthawi zonse kumathandizanso: "Pesoplex 35", g25f ", ndi basalt (irct), yomwe perekani zotayika zochepa. Ndi makulidwe a makungwa, osachepera 150mm, ndikutenthetsa, kutentha mnyumba kumachepetsedwa ndi pafupifupi 2c mozizira kwambiri. Zimafanana ndi kugwira ntchito kwa khoma la njerwa ndi makulidwe a 1.5 m.

Mwa zina, kapangidwe ka gulu la chimango kumafuna zinthu zochepa: 0.06-0.07m3 Woods pamtunda wa 1m2 padenga la 1M2 padenga. Mtengo wa kapangidwe kake (bokosi) ndi 30-35% ya mtengo wa nyumba yonse, kutembenuka kopangidwa ndi njerwa, komwe nambala iyi imafika osachepera 60-70%.

Chiyambi cha nthawi

Lingaliro la kumanga nyumba ya chimango pafupi ndi Mtsinje wa Kyazma adavomerezedwa ndi omwe adamangidwa pambuyo posanthula mwatsatanetsatane zofalitsa zapadera komanso zokambirana. Adalangiza kulimbikitsa chimango ndi njerwa zoyang'anizana ndi njerwa, zomwe, zili m'malingaliro awo, zimaperekanso makoma owonjezera a nyumba ndipo koposa zonse, sizingalole owukira kuti akhale kulowa mwamphamvu pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe anthawi zonse.

Board Youluka - izi ndi mbale zazikulu zamipikisano yayikulu yamatabwa a conriferous, zolimbitsa thupi (zoyesedwa) pazigawo. Zopangira zam'madzi za mbale ndi kamvekedwe, nkhuni yopanda schote, kungopanga ma pine yamimba yaying'ono. Kutaya mafakitale ena sikupita, komwe kumatsimikizira kugwedeza kwazinthuzo. Gululo la tchipisi pansi ndikumatenthedwa ndikuwonjezera kutentha kwa sera. Wotsirizayo amapereka mbale zapamwamba kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti kugwiritsa ntchito pang'ono kokha kwa forthalde, mbale zake zimakhala zotetezeka, chifukwa kutulutsa kwaulere kwa thanzi laumunthu ndizochepa ndipo njira zolowera polymerization zimatha kupsinjika. Chifukwa chake, mbale za osb zitha kufotokozedwa kuti ndi zinthu zomanga zapadziko lonse lapansi ndi mphamvu zapamwamba komanso zotupa kwambiri zokhala ndi chinyezi (kuchuluka kwa madzi), chifukwa chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kupanga mapapu ndi nyumba zolimba. Ndi makoma. Mafuta osb amatha kukhala pansi osalala, khoma, gawo pansi pa denga lofewa. Amatha kuyikidwa pansi pa utoto, kuyanjana ndi mwala wowunga ndi njerwa, kutsamira ndi blockcuase. Zonsezi zimapereka mwayi wosiyanasiyana wokongoletsa mawonekedwe a nyumbayo mwanjira iliyonse. Mtengo wa mbale uli pafupi ndi mtengo pa phaneri: 1m2 ya 20-milimeni yothira mafuta osb - pafupifupi 6.5; 1M2 16 mm pepala-4.

Ma Geodesic amagwira ntchito pamalo amtsogolo omwe adatsimikizira mantha a eni ndi omanga: nthaka idakhala yovuta. Chifukwa chake, adaganiza zokonza maziko olimba mu mawonekedwe a Connent Courtrete Purte kudutsa dera lonselo ndikusiya pansi. Izi zidakhazikitsidwa zoletsa zingapo pa ntchitoyi. Garage kwa magalimoto awiri ndi kuchapa nyumba, pomwe obowa ndi boiler amaikidwanso, amayenera kumanga pamlingo woyamba. Imodzi yabwino, kapangidwe kakang'ono ka makhoma omwe adaloledwa kuti asayike maziko.

Asanalowe "koluka" zitsulo za malo oika maziko ndikuthira ndi njira yothetsera konkriti, mapaipi a septic ndi madzi amalumikizidwa ndi madzi a septic ndi madzi. Popeza kuchuluka kwa malo okhala ndi masoka mnyumbamo muli pamwamba pamlingo wa septic, kumatulutsa kumachotsedwa ndi mphamvu yokoka. Dokocarbage yawo imachitika mu kafa kusefa kwa bio idayikidwa kumbuyo kwa septic.

Zenera

Pamwamba pa konkriti wolanda pamtengo wa nyumbayo adatulutsa njerende zinayi ndi kutalika kwa pafupifupi 55 cm. Zinapangitsa kuti pakhale makoma pafupifupi 55 cm. Maziko a msonkhano wa makoma amphepete mwa Maenelo anali omangirira pansi pamtunda kudzera mu chipinda chofewa chopanda madzi ndi manchor zowonjezera pa 50 cm mozungulira panjirayo. Zili pamenepo kuti malo oyambira oyamba amakhala okhazikika pogwiritsa ntchito ngodya. Malo omwe amapezeka pafupipafupi (ndi gawo la 40 cm) adalimbitsa kapangidwe kake ndikupatsa mphamvu pansi. Panels makhoma adazikonzera pa iwo pogwiritsa ntchito ngodya yolimba ya Gelvanized Zitsulo za 906060mm ndi zomata zodzikongoletsera.

Unyinji wa chinthu chilichonse sichinapitirire 200-300 makilogalamu, motero anthu 4-6 anali kusonkhana. Kuthamanga kwa ntchito kunapangitsa kuti makasitomala: Kuyambira nthawi yotumiza ma panels mpaka kumapeto kwa msonkhano wa pansi pomwe sunapitirire tsiku limodzi lakumalo. Tsiku linanso linayenera kuwongola pamwamba pa bolodi la Mauerlat ndipo kukhazikitsa kwa lag kumapitilira pansi lachiwiri ndi fanizo ndi yoyamba. Chifukwa chake, nthawi yomangayi ndi yodalira kwathunthu kuchotsedwa kwa wotsatsa. Zowoneka, ndi nyengo yabwino komanso kupezeka kwa zonse zofunikira, pakukhazikitsa nyumba ya 300m2 ndi pafupifupi milungu imodzi ndi theka. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti matabwa onse omwe akupita kuntchito amakakutidwa ndi a Antiseptic ndi Flameprant Zogulitsa (molingana ndi zofunikira za Snip 2.03.1-85), ndiye kuti ntchito zomangazi malo sanachitike. Kuphatikiza apo, zimachepetsedwa kuti nthawi yoopsa yamagawo owopsa imachepetsedwa pomwe pansi yachiwiri imakhazikitsidwa ndikukhazikitsa kwa mapulogalamu a rafter, omwe amabweranso mu mawonekedwe.

Ngati mutakumanapo ndi vuto lomanga nyumba, ndiye kuti mudziwa kuti imodzi mwazinthu zodalirika ndizopanga padenga. Msonkhano ndi kukhazikitsa msasawo amatha kutenga nthawi yokwera mtengo yambiri ya oyenerera, omwe amadziwa momwe angadulire molondola spikes ndi zoyendera (popula). Koma pali ukadaulo womwe umalola kufanana ndi ntchito yomanga ntchito yomanga kuti apange mwachangu mafamu ndi zomveka (zochulukirapo) mu fakitale. Tikulankhula za kachitidwe ka zida zamiyala yachitsulo. Wothandizira kulumikizidwayu amatha kupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana: matanda, mafelemu ndi mafilimu a akampani yaying'ono ndi apakatikati, apamwamba kwambiri ndi mphamvu ya zinthu zofanana ndi misomali yofanana. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, mbale zoterezi zinayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuphatikiza zigawo zam'matanda kuchokera pakati pa zaka 50 za zana la makumi awiri. Pambuyo pake, mu 1964, MZP idavomerezedwa ndi protocol ya ma protocol a Institute of Matanda Omanga ku Berlin (IFBT). Muyezo wa Mzp amapangidwa ndi chitsulo chambiri cholumikizira ndi makulidwe a 1 mpaka 2.5 mm potaya ndikutumiza mano a kutalika ndi mitundu. Mapulogalamuwo amadulidwa mogwirizana ndi miyeso yofunikira yomwe imafotokozedwa ndi kasitomala (monga lamulo, kutalika kwake kuchokera pa 50 mpaka 400m, kuyambira zana mpaka 250mm ndi gawo lomweli). Dzikoli linali mbalame yofala kwambiri ya anthu aku America. Chojambula chachikulu ndikuti mbale yolumikizira mbali zosiyanasiyana sizigwira ntchito chimodzimodzi. Ndi katundu wina, mphamvu ya ma spikes pa kudalirika imapezeka pang'ono. Osati kale kwambiri, mu 1998, dongosolo la Hungari la Mzp "Arpad" lidakhala ndi, pomwe awiriawiri amakambidwa wina ndi mnzake ndipo amawalimbikitsanso mu nkhuni. Izi zimawonjezera mphamvu ya kulumikizana. Choyipa cha mzp iliyonse ndikuti mbale imasakanizidwa mu nkhuni pamakina mbali zonse ziwiri, za malo a mfulu ndi zida zomwe zimafunikira, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakupanga. Pachifukwa ichi, mapangidwe amasonkhanitsidwa pafakitale kenako ndikupita kumalo opaka, komwe pamapeto pake kumawonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito mzp. Kuchokera pano osati ponseponse umuwu. Ndi zoyenera kuchita ndi waluso wambiri kapena wopanga munthu? Yankho likutsala pang'ono kuonekera. Gwiritsani ntchito mbale zomangira, ngodya ndi zinthu zovuta zowoneka bwino ndi mabowo a screw ndi zomata. Kukhazikitsa kumeneku kumatha kupangidwa ndi mapangidwe aliwonse, kudetsa pamanja kapena pamanja mozungulira ndikuwalumikiza ndi ozimitsa pamalingaliro osiyanasiyana. Komanso, ntchito za ukalipentala woyenerera kwambiri pankhaniyi siziyenera.

Kufuula kwa zinthu zonse za perpendicula kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zosiyanasiyana zamitundu ndi drainimin yopanga ku Poland. Pezani zomangamanga pazitsulo zamiyala (MZP). Zikomo kwa iwo, adakwanitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mapira a zokulirapo ndi kukula kwa 46296mm, yolumikizirana (yolumikizidwa) kuchokera kumabodi a 46148mm pafakitale ndi ntchito yapadera. Chifukwa chake, kukhwima kwa pansi pamunsi woyamba ndi yachiwiri kumayerekezera ndi yomwe ukadaulo waku Canada waperekedwa, womwe nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati lamulo, 48196mm. Pomaliza, MZP idapezeka kuti ndiyofunika kwambiri kwa kabodi ndi zibonga zoyambirira pansi, komwe kulondola kwa gawo ndi mphamvu zolumikizira ndizofunikira kwambiri. Kapangidwe ka chipinda kameneka kamakhala ndi zigawo ziwiri zokhala ndi mbali ziwiri, zoyeserera zina. Izi zidavuta kwambiri pazinga, omwe amayenera kunenedwa ndi zokutira zachitsulo. Koma popeza sanakonzekere kuchita chinsinsi, padenga lofunda ndi mpweya wabwino sunakhutire; Kuchokera pa chofunda "keke" chomwe chimadziwika ndi nyumba zaku Canada, zongoyendayenda zokha ndi kanema "izosan-a". Ntchito yomanga nyumbayo sinathe pa msonkhano wa manels ndi kukhazikitsa padenga. Zinafika nthawi yoti "sangweji" yodzazidwa - kumbuka makoma, pansi ndi kachipinda, komanso kuyika zida, kunja ndi chokongoletsera mkati. Koma tinena izi mwatsatanetsatane m'magazini yotsatirayi. Pamenepo muphunzira mtengo woyambira womanga chinthucho.

Kuwerengera kokulirapo kwa mtengo wa ntchito ndi zida zomanga za nyumba yosungika 2 ndi malo a 300m2

Dzina la Ntchito	Mayunitsi. kusintha	Chiwerengero cha	Mtengo, $	Mtengo, $
Ntchito Zakhazikitsidwa
Amatenga nkhwangwa, makonzedwe, chitukuko ndi kupumula	m3.	94.	khumi zisanu ndi zitatu	1692.
Kukonzanso nthaka, Kubweza (kudzaza matsenga), chisindikizo cha nthaka	m3.	32.	7.	224.
Chipangizo cha mphira wa mphira ndi zopingasa zakumbuyo	m2.	150.	zisanu ndi zitatu	1200.
Mafomu, kulimbikitsidwa, kokha	m3.	69.	60.	4140.
Chenjezo lofananira	m2.	54.	2.8.	151.
Kugona kwa makoma akunja (maziko)	m3.	khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi	38.	608.
Zonse	8015.
Mwala wosweka mwala, mchenga	m3.	45.	28.	1260.
Konkriti	m3.	69.	62.	4278.
Hydrosteclozol, phula ndi polymer mastic, zitsulo zogulira, zolimba, waya woluka	konza	chimodzi	-	952.
Mpweya wamba	m3.	khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi	85.	1360.
Ma woyimira njira, mapangidwe apangidwe, matabwa, misomali, zida zina	konza	chimodzi	-	1800.
Zonse	9650.
Makoma (Bokosi)
Chipangizo cha Matabwa-Panel Palloor (otayidwa ndi chip-Chip	m2 / m3	390 / 8,1	-	1350.
Makoma) ndi mkati mwa makoma (ophimbidwa gkl) (makulidwe 148mm)		636 / 2.7
Chipangizo cha mapangidwe opangira matabwa (98mm makulidwe)	m2 / m3	165/2/2.	-	216.7
Chida choyeretsa ndi mitengo yokhala ndi MZP yokhala ndi zipatso zowira	m2.	380.	-	2965,4
Zonse	4532.
Panels yamatabwa (148mm yokulirapo)	Set / m3	1 / 10.8.	250.	2700.
Panels yamatabwa (makulidwe 98mm)	Seti / m3	1/2	217.	433,3
Thabwa	konza	chimodzi	-	2064.9
Zomangira pansi, zowomba pa MZP CRARDE 46296MM	-	11.8.	283.	3339,4.
Ruberdaid, othamanga, zosemphana	konza	chimodzi	-	522.5
Zonse	9064.
Chida chodetsa
Kukhazikitsa kwa dongosolo la rafter, pansi ndi ziboda	m2.	328.3.	-	2070.5
Khomo la nyama ya fertus Chucks, penti	RM. m.	65.	-	220.
Chipangizo cha madzi, kukhazikitsa kwa denga ndi zinthu	m2.	328.3.	-	2257.8
Kukhazikitsa kwa madziwo	RM. m.	fifite	-	1000.
Zonse	5548.
Mafamu a Stropil pa mzp	konza	1 / 7.5	-	2625.
Board (46148mm), Doom (32100mm), olamulidwa (2050mm)	m3.	chimodzi	-	653.3.
ZosP	m2.	80.	4.5	360.
Othamanga, zosemphana	konza	chimodzi	-	500.
Chingwe	m2 / m3	55/1.	217.	216.
Anakulunga madzi	m2.	378.	0.5.	189.
Denga (zitsulo)	m2.	387.	8,6	3328.2.
Zinthu zobadwa nazo	konza	chimodzi	-	1000.
Dongosolo la madzi	konza	chimodzi	-	2000.
Zonse	10874.
Zonse	47678.