Ma eaves obwave ndi ma ecoves pamawu. Kuthetsa vutoli - makina onyenga a anti-flaking adenga.
1 - Chigoba;
2 - Kuluka kuluka;
3 - kudzipatula;
4 - mawaya
Zima m'mphepete mwathu sizimachitika chimchone chozizira kapena, m'malo mwake, kutentha. Nthawi zambiri, thaw imasinthidwa ndi chisanu, kuzizira - thaw. Wodwala yemwe ali mu eni nyumba ambiri a dzikolo amawoneka ovuta - ma chnics a icy ndi mafinya. Mutha kulimbana ndi ayezi pogwiritsa ntchito njira yotsutsa.
Chifukwa chiyani oundana ndi oyipa
M'nyengo ina, kulemera kwa ikicles kokha kwa tsiku limodzi kumatha kuchuluka kwa ma kilogalamu angapo. Chifukwa chake, mawonekedwe ofanana ndi ayezi ayezi adzakhala chiopsezo chenicheni kwa onse okhala kunyumba. Eya, kuti, muganiza, kuthekera kwa kugwa aceict sikukwera kwambiri, koma ngati nkotheka, zitha kugwetsedwa pansi ndi zida zilizonse. Chifukwa chiyani mumagwiritsa ntchito ndalama pokhazikitsa madongosolo ena kuti asapangire ayezi?M'malo mwake, vuto la ican padenga ndilokulira kwambiri kuposa funsoli, ACICIC idzagwa kapena ayi. Sikuti kusokonezeka kwa oundana okwanira ayezi waukulu kumapangitsa ngozi yeniyeni kumoyo wa anthu ndipo sangathe kuwononga magalimoto okha, komanso zomangamanga nyumba. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ayezi, Katswiri wamakina pazomwe zidalipo zimakwera, mabatani omangirira mapaipi ndi magombe, zomwe zimayambitsa kuchepa kwa moyo wawo, chifukwa chake, kukulira mtengo wanu ntchito yoyenera. Popeza ma doun ndi makhali amatsekedwa ndi ayezi, madzi nthawi yophukira komanso nthawi yozizira mkati mwa thaws kapena amayenda padenga, kapena amachedwetsa pamwamba padenga. Mwana woyamba, kutayikira ndizotheka. Ndipo kenako amadwala pansi mnyumbayo ndi gawo limodzi la zigawo pafupi ndi kukhetsa ndi kumakumakutero (ndiye mizere ya maboni a ndege za padenga). Zotsatira za kuyeretsa kwamakina kumakumana ndikukula. Ntchitoyi ndi yovuta kwambiri, ndipo padenga pawokha imatha kuwonongeka kwambiri, chifukwa zida zofowoka (zitsulo zambiri zofowoka (zitsulo zazitsulo), zojambulajambula zazikulu, zamkuwa) zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zovuta zamakina.
Zimapezeka kuti ndikofunikira kulimbana ndi ayezi. Ndipo pano kutenthetsa kwamagetsi kwa magawo a padengawo kumatha kupulumutsa, komwe mwayi wake wopanga ndi wofunikira kwambiri. Zofunikira zamtunduwu monga gawo lotenthetsedwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zingwe zapadera zolumikizidwa m'makola ndi zingwe. Chifukwa cha izi, chipale chofewa sichitembenukira mu ayezi, komanso mawonekedwe a madzi osungunuka amayenda pansi.
Onse pa ayezi!
Kodi chingayanjane bwanji ndi chilengedwe? Mwina maluso amakono. Popanga ma anti-icing, mainjiniya amaphunzira kuti ndikokopindulitsa kwambiri kutentha madzi osungunuka, osaupereka kuti asunthe kuposa oundana. Zikadakhala kuti, zitenga mphamvu zochepa kwambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi kudzakhala wachuma. Chifukwa chake ntchito yayikulu ya makina ndi nthawi yozizira ndi yoyipa yopitanso ndi madzi kupita padenga, osalola kuti lizithamangitsa padenga ndipo nthawi yomweyo muchotse kutayikira, kuwonongeka kwa kumaliza kwa mawonekedwe ndi kumangiriza mapaipi a kukhetsa. Ichi ndi lingaliro losavuta mu mawonekedwe ake mwa mawonekedwe a engineering. Mfundo ya ntchito yake imachitikanso ina.
M'malo ovuta "osavala padenga (makhanje, okhetsa, amapereka nthawi zambiri.), Pomwe nthawi zambiri imapangidwa nthawi zambiri, ndikutentha kwa madzi opangira mphamvu ya 230V imayikidwa . Amawotcha Thermostat ya apadera yomwe imavomereza malamulo kuchokera ku senyu imodzi kapena zingapo zokhazikitsidwa padenga. Izi zitha kukhala chinyezi cha kutentha, mpweya wa mpweya komanso mpweya wabwino, sensor. Akangosautsa zomwe zimathandizira pakupanga ayezi m'mlengalenga (ndipo izi zimachitika, monga lamulo, nthawi yozizira kwambiri padenga padenga), thermostat ( Kapenanso dongosolo la Thermostat, mtundu wa malo operekera ma seteologicalogical station) "amayamba" kuyenda kwamagetsi, ndipo chingwe chotentha chimayamba kutentha. Madzi amapangidwa momasuka komanso momasuka kudzera pamatanda, thirakitara ndi ngalande.
Chifukwa Chomwe Kupezedwa Zithunzi
Okha, chipale chofewa chomwe chinagwera padenga sichimayimira ngozi iliyonse. Mavuto onse ndikuti chisanu chisanu chimayamba kulowa mu ayezi mothandizidwa ndi zinthu ziwiri - technic ndi zachilengedwe. Kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kumasintha ndi matalikidwe omwe amafika 15c. Ndipo ndi oscillation osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana kuyambira +3 ... 5 Masana masana mpaka 6 ...- 10c usiku adapangidwa ndi zabwino kwambiri kupanga dziko. Madzi a Melta Poyamba amayenda pang'ono pang'ono, amazizira pang'ono, ndikupanga pansi oundana pamiyala ndi ma porroove. Koma ma njiwa atangolowa padenga chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa madzi mwachangu, kupezeka kwa kutentha koyipa kumazizira. Kuphatikiza apo, potengera kutentha (mwachitsanzo, misewu ya dzuwa yapadera), mapulagi a Iro sasungunuka, koma kokha. Zotsatira zake, mitengo yochulukirapo yowala, ndi mafilimu ambiri mamita angapo ndikulemera mpaka ma kilogalamu a kilogalamu, kuwopseza kukhulupirika kwa madzi oyendetsa madzi kumatha kupangidwa.
Chifukwa chachikulu chowonekera kutentha kwa kutentha pakati pa gawo lapakati padenga ndi m'mphepete, komwe kumapezeka. Zitha kuwuka pazifukwa zingapo. Chofala kwambiri ndikuwotcha kudutsa pansi ndi padenga, chifukwa cha komwe kutentha kwa denga la padenga ndikokwera kuposa mpweya wa mumsewu. Kusiyana kwa kutentha kumawonjezeka ngati palibe m'nyumba mwanyumbayo, ngati zovala zomangidwa ndi malo okhala kapena masisiketi am'madzi, otenthetsa a chipale chofewa. Amapangidwa, kutembenukira kusungunuke madzi osungunuka omwe amatuluka mu ngalande yozizira ndi kumangirira pamenepo, kutseka madzi ena. Manards, Turret, mitundu yonse ya maswena, madenga ovuta ndi mabotolo amkati, zopingasa ndi mawindo "ovala zokhala ndi mafashoni osatuluka. Ndipo, tsoka, gwedezani mapangidwe a chipale chofewa. Mwa njira, kuchokera pamenepa, akatswiriwa amawona bwino kwambiri pakati pa Russia malo opindika kwambiri okhala ndi mbali zosachepera 30 ndi njira yabwino kwambiri ya chipale chofewa.
Chifukwa cha ma radiation a dzuwa m'malire a chipale chofewa, kusungunuka kumayambitsidwa. Malinga ndi akatswiri a mafiriji, pafupifupi, pafupifupi 70 kutentha kumalembedwa kwa 0c. Uwu ndi kusinthasintha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku usiku kumabweretsa kuzizira kwa mpweya (ndipo chifukwa chake kuchuluka kwa chipale chofewa, palimodzi ndi zinthu za danga kwakanthawi, zitha kusunga kutentha kwakanthawi.
Nthawi zambiri, dongosolo la anti-i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i icant ya padenga ndi ngalande limakhala ndi maulendo angapo ogwira ntchito. Choyamba, ndi gawo lomwe limatchedwa "Kutentha" - Chingwe chenicheni chofiyira, chomwe chimayenera kukhala cholimba, chokhacho chimalimbana ndi dzuwa komanso mpweya wabwino. Gawo lofunikira la "Kutentha" ndi mitundu yonse yamitundu yonse. Amakonza zotentha zingwe pamalo okonzedweratu komanso m'matumbo. Ndipo, chachiwiri, netiweki yogawa ndi mphamvu ndi zikwangwani (chidziwitso) ndi ma switchgears a mawaya aya. Izi zomwezo zimapereka maudindo kuti apereke mphamvu ku zinthu zonse za chindapusa ndikumapereka zizindikiro za zidziwitso kuchokera ku ma senso. "Mtima" wa Anti-Icang ndi dongosolo loyendetsa mwamphamvu momwe majerestator apadera amakhudzira, kutentha ndi chinyezi ndi zida zosintha ndi zosintha.
Kutentha kumayenda pamawaya
Ino ndi nthawi yolankhula za zinthu zofunika kwambiri za dongosololi. Tiyeni tiyambe ndi zofunika kwambiri, ndikutenthetsa. Udindo wa otenthetsera mu ma coli-icing amaseweredwa ndi zingwe zapadera. Kusankhidwa kwawo ndikusintha magetsi kuti musinthe. Chifukwa chake, mphamvu iliyonse kutalika (kumasulira kwina) ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri laukadaulo. Chingwecho chimapangidwa ndikukhazikika m'malo mwa icing, m'mphepete mwa denga la masitepe, m'matumba, mozungulira mawindo (ndi zina), komanso m'mphepete mwa msewu wonse. Padenga lathyathyathya ndi madenga okhala ndi malo otsetsereka (mpaka 30), chinsinsi chotentha nthawi zambiri chimakhazikika pamwamba pa madzi kapena madera oyandikana nawo.Zingwe zotsutsana ndi kukana kosasinthika konse ndikukhala ndi chitsulo chofiyira, kuthira, kuluka kuluka ndi chipolopolo chakunja. Masiku ano, msika waku Russia umakhala ndi zingwe zoterezi monga "machitidwe apadera ndi matekinoloje", Rusto), Cildo, Tash (Spain), Nexland), Nexland), Next), Nexland), Nexland) (Alcatel, Norway / France), DeVI (Denwark).
Monga lamulo, pamene kugona kumagwiritsa ntchito zigawo zosakhazikika, kapena chingwe cholumikizidwa m'mabanja (ng'oma). Zigawo zili kale zopangidwa ndi chingwe chokhazikika chokhala ndi chingwe chokhazikika chokhala ndi fakitale ya fakitore limakhala ndi "madzi ozizira" - yotentha "yolumikizira chingwe (" otentha ") ma network yamagetsi. Kutalika kwa "kutha kwa ozizira" kumakhazikikanso ndipo ndi 0,75-3m. Mapeto a mawaya odyetsa amawumitsidwa m'bokosi logawika, pomwe amapendekeka ndi mapaipi amagetsi, omwe mphamvu zochokera ku chishango zimaperekedwa. Chifukwa chake, kwenikweni, gawo lotentha ndi gawo lalikulu la dongosolo lotsutsa-kusintha, ndipo kuphatikiza mawaya ozizira omwe amatenthedwa mosalekeza ndi kuwiritsa chingwe ndi gawo lolimba kwambiri la kapangidwe kake. Moyo wa dongosololo umadalira kudalirika kwa kachitidwe, kotero opanga nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi gawo lotentha m'malo ovuta kwambiri. Makampani ambiri amalumikiza mitsempha yothira chingwe ndi mawaya ozizira pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe zamakina. Awo amayikidwa m'bokosi la pulasitiki kenako dzazani ndi mastic. Izi zimatsimikizira kudalirika komanso kukhazikika kwa kulumikizana. Dulani magawo opangidwa okonzeka sangatero.
Njira ina ndikuyika chingwe chotentha kuchokera kumphepete. Chingwe choterocho chimadulidwa mwachindunji pamalo ogona, ndikulumikiza couclings ophatikizidwa ndi kutentha kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza magetsi kapena magawo ena otenthetsera.
Makampani ambiri amatulutsa zigawo zotenthetsera zokonzeka, komanso chinsinsi m'migodi. Chifukwa chake, zingwe zotsatila za DSIG kuchokera ku DeVI, SVDROCAVD SVK, tassu kuchokera ku Ento imaperekedwa m'magawo omwe ali ndi ma waya otenthetsera ndi mawaya. Zingwe zomwe zili m'maboti zopereka, Nexans, devi, tash, etc. Koma kupanga zigawo za kutalika kotereku. Kutalika kwamphamvu ndi magetsi ogwiritsira ntchito magetsi. Mphamvu ya m'badwo yotentha imadalira kukula kwa gawo. Krymera, kuti mupeze mphamvu yofunikira ya 30w / m. Chachingwe ndi kukana kwa 70m / m. Timafunikira kutalika kwa 15.5m. Ngati ndi zochepa, chingwecho chidzathetsa ngati sichikufika pa mphamvu yadzina.
Vuto la mapangidwe ake ndilofunika kwambiri nthawi yozizira, koma pa nthawi ya thaws, pomwe kutentha kwa mpweya kumadutsa zero ndi madzi kuchokera ku chipale chofewa pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo. Nthawi zina ali ku +3 ... + 4C ndi mvula yocheperako, ndikutenthetsa kudutsako ndikofunikira. Kutentha kotsika komwe kusungunuka kwa chipale padenga kumayimitsidwa. Kuwongolera njirayi imayima ma 0s. Koma popeza nyumbayo itayika gawo la kutentha kudzera padenga, madzi amatha kutuluka kuchokera kumadala ndi ma10s. Nthawi zambiri padenga silikhala ndi chikumbutso; Nyumba zambiri, zokonzedwa makamaka, zimakhala ndi pansi apomwe kutaya thupi kwambiri, ndipo, moyenera, ayezi oundana padenga amapezeka kwambiri.
Kugwira ntchito kwa makina otsutsa otsutsa pamatenthedwe opezekapo - monga lamulo, sikofunikira. Choyamba, pakadali pano, nthawi zambiri sizimapangika kuti zizitha kupeza komanso zimachepetsa kwambiri chinyezi chifukwa cha kutayika kwa danga la madenga. Kachiwiri, pansi pa zinthu ngati izi, kuchuluka kwa mpweya wotsika mu mawonekedwe a chisanu kumachepetsedwa.
Sizili zowopsa ngati matalala amagwa nthawi ya chisanu. Kuti musungunuke, muyenera kutero, mu lingaliro, ikani ulusi 3 kapena 4 chingwe. Koma uku ndikuwonjezeka kwa mtengo wa dongosolo 2 kapena katatu katatu. Chifukwa chake, nkomveka kudikirira, pamene kutentha ndi chipale zimayamba kukweza. Ichi ndichifukwa chake njira yogwirira ntchito imangokhala pansi - kutentha ...- 15c.
Mpaka pano, opanga amatulutsa zingwe kapena pakati (ndi malo otetezera), kapena kapangidwe kawiri (vein-kutentha, chachiwiri). Gawo lokhala ndi waya wotenthetsera wolumikizidwa ndi ma network omwe ali pamapeto onse awiri, ndipo kumbuyo kwake kokha kuchokera kumalekezero amodzi (pambali pake pali pulagi, mkati momwe mumatenthedwera ndi mitsempha yolumikizidwa ndi yolumikizidwa). Kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zotenthetsera nyumba ziwiri kumakhala kosavuta pokhazikitsa, koma ndiokwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa pakati. Mitsempha yotenthetsera imatetezedwa ndi kutchinjiriza kwa kulemera kwakukulu kwa polyethylene, pamwamba pomwe wosanjikiza wina wa makulidwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, kenako pamwezi ndikutchinga. Kunja, chingwecho chimatetezedwa ndi chipolopolo chachikulu cha polyvinyl chloride (pvc) kapena kuchokera ku fluoropolymest.
Zachidziwikire, wopanga aliyense amasamalira kuti chinsinsi chake chimakhala nthawi yayitali ndipo chinali chodalirika kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, masitepe a SVK oletsa ku SVDOCAT kuchokera pamitsempha yamakono ya Thermo akutetezedwa ndi kuluka kwamiyala m'matumbo. Kutulutsa kwamkati, mitsempha imapangidwa ndi mphira wa silicone, osagwiritsa ntchito kutentha. Kuchulukitsa kowonjezereka ndi filimu yayikulu kwambiri ya polyester. Chingwechokha chimalimbikitsidwa ndi fiberglass, ndipo chipolopolo chakunja chimapangidwa ndi PVC. Mu msika waku Russia, zingwe zochokera ku Ceflot ndi Teflon zokutira za teflon zidawoneka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisapangitse kutentha kwakukulu kwa zinthu zotenthetsera (mpaka 50-60 ° C), komanso kusintha mafano a kutentha kumira.
Monga osiyana mitundu ya kalasi yolimbana ndi "mawaya otenthetsera", mutha kutchula zingwe zotchedwa Zonal. Amaperekedwa, mwachitsanzo, zopangidwa ndi kutentha (United Kingdom) ndi Cst. Zinthu zamafuta pano ndi magawo a waya wochokera ku Alloy, okwera pazinthu ziwiri zochititsa chidwi. Komanso, "kuzungulira" kwapakatikati ndi nyumba izi sikoposa 1M. Chifukwa chake, malo osinthira a Disupotion amapangidwa, kulumikizidwa kufanana. Chingwe chimakhala ndi magawo ambiri oundana ndipo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zidutswa. Kuchepetsa, simuyika pachiwopsezo kuwononga ntchito ya tcheni yonse. Zingwe za zalal nthawi zina zimatchedwa "kosis-Collecting", chifukwa nthawi ya kukhazikitsa iwo imatha kudulidwa "m'malo" mtunda, nthawi yayitali kwambiri. Mwakutero amachepetsa chingwe chowonjezereka.
Mawaya a Zonal ali ndi kusanja kwina kotentha kuyambira 15 mpaka 200w / m (kutengera mtanda wa staral) ndipo amapatsidwa mphamvu kuchokera kumalekezero. Akulimbikitsidwa kuyikidwa pamadenga, kutalika kwakutali komanso nthawi yayitali (40m ndi zina zambiri), komanso m'malo omwe kusowa kwa nthaka ndikofunikira. Vitaga ikupezeka kuti nthawi yomweyo mawonekedwe okhwima a chinsinsi cha zoonal amakula chifukwa chosalemekeza.
Mitundu yapadera yolimbana ndi nyumba imatha kulinganiza mabaibulo awo okhala ndi ziwalo zowonjezera kapena ziwiri zowonjezera kuchokera kuziya zitsulo zokhala ndi chitsulo - zotetezedwa zodalirika motsutsana ndi kuwonongeka kwa makina. Gawo lalikulu la kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zoterezi lagona monkriti zokutira ndi makonzedwe a kachitidwe mphamvu owotchera madera otseguka otseguka malo otseguka otseguka malo otseguka otseguka malo otseguka otseguka malo otseguka otseguka malo otseguka otseguka.
| Mtundu wa chingwe | Kusankhidwa Kwakukulu | Magetsi osiyanasiyana, w / m | Kutalika kwa Gawo | Ntchito padenga | Mtengo, $ / m |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pewani | Mbale Mapaipi, Trays, Anyengedwe | 5-30; Mphamvu yokhazikika | Okhazikika, 10-200 m | Ochepa | 2.5-5 |
| Kudziletsa | Mbale Mapaipi, Trays, Anyengedwe | -60; Mphamvu Zosiyanasiyana | Aliyense mpaka 150 m, kudula pamalo | Wozadza | 13-25 |
| Dela | Mbale Mapaipi, Ma Tray | 100; Mphamvu yokhazikika ndi kuthekera kwa kukonzekera kosafunikira | Aliyense mpaka 150 m, kudula pamalo | Kutentha kwambiri ngalande | 3-10. |
| Zamunda | Otentherera malo, ngalande | 60; Mphamvu yokhazikika | Okhazikika, ndikutha kukwera pamalo a 1-2 m | Kutentha, ma raippers, ma transrete | 22-4 |
Ku Russia, zolimbana ndi "zida" zimaperekedwa makamaka ndi kampaniyo. Zimatulutsa, makamaka, chingwe chosiyana ndi TSB cha mphamvu yayikulu (mpaka 30w / m) potenthetsa denga, ngalande ndi masamba akunja. Zogulitsa zimakhala ndi mphamvu zapamwamba komanso zotsutsana ndi zochulukirapo. Ngati ndi kotheka, mutha kusankha chingwe chokwanira, mwachitsanzo, chambiri chambiri chambiri cha EM2-XR kuchokera ku raychem ndi mphamvu yakufikira 130w / m. Kuyimba Kwa "Foggalid" kuyenera kuphatikiza zingwe za PSV (zokhala ndi chitsulo chamkuntho kuchokera ku Cecuri, Kima Armor D kuchokera ku Kima, komanso chingwe chonyamula zida zonyamula mu polymer chipolopolo.
Zingwe zaku Russia ndizotsika mtengo kwambiri. Ponena za zinthu zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja, 1Pog.m ya chingwe chilichonse chomwe chimawononga $ 1.5-5. Zosankha ziwiri ndi zokwera mtengo kuposa imodzi yolumikizira pafupifupi $ 0.05-0.1. Nthawi yomweyo, mtundu wa zinthu zochokera kuzinthu zogulitsa zili chimodzimodzi. Chingwe cholimbana ndi nyumba zapakhomo kuti anti-ICing System "Teploskat" kuchokera ku CST amawononga pafupifupi $ 2,5-3 kwa 1Pog.m.
Mosiyana ndi zingwe zokhazikitsidwa, zodzikongoletsera zodziyimira zokha zimangosintha kutentha kwawo kutengera kutentha kwa malo akunja. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa kutentha komwe kumatulutsidwa kumasiyana, kotero kuti mulankhule, kwanuko: Gawo lililonse la chinsinsi "madapts" ku mikhalidwe yozungulira. Kodi zikuchitika bwanji? Wotchedwa Matrix wopangidwa ndi polymer ndi kuwonjezera kwa kaboni kaboni ndipo ili pakati pa omwe ali pakati pa nthawi yayitali amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chingwe chodzipangira. Tsamba la chingwe likakhala mu kutentha kochepa, zinthu zotenthetsera zimaponderezedwa, kukana kumachepera, kumadutsa malembawo kudzera mu matrix, ndipo izi zimasiyanitsa mphamvu zamafuta. Ndiye kuti, pa chipilala chozizira, chamoyo sichikhala pamodzi, koma kudutsa, kuchokera mtsempha wina kupita ku wina. Matenthedwe oleredwa, kukana matrix kumakhala kokwera kwambiri, komwe kumayambitsa kuchepa kwa mibadwo. M'badwo wamagetsi umasintha ndi kutengera chilengedwe chomwe chimakhala chilengedwe, nenani, mu madzi osungunuka kapena mlengalenga. Pazochita zoyenera zamakina ku Russia, malinga ndi akatswiri, zimakhala zingwe zokwanira ndi mbadwo wapafupi ndi kutentha kwa ma 06w / m muthyole.
Mu msika wathu, zingwe zokhazikitsidwa zodziyimira zimayimiriridwa ndi zosintha zosiyanasiyana (kuyambira 13 mpaka 66W / m). Ndikokwanira kutchula D3 kuchokera ku Raychem-isopad (Germany), GM-2X kuchokera ku Kima, Kima KsR, 2 et al. Mitengo ya iwo, osachepera 4 apamwamba kuposa oganiza. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba owongolera komanso kugwira ntchito molimbika. Monga lamulo, chingwe chodzitsitsa chomwe chingapezeke pa mtengo wa $ 11 cha 1Pog.m. Zogulitsa kuchokera ku Europe zimawononga $ 10-30 kwa 1Pog.m. Zogulitsa zingapo zaku Russia (CST) - kuyambira $ 11,2 mpaka $ 12,4.
Poyamba zikuwoneka kuti mutha kupulumutsa, kupeza m'sitolo yotsika mtengo. M'malo mwake, dongosolo lenileni popanda chitukuko ndi kukhazikitsa kwa ntchito kukhazikitsidwa ndi kopanda tanthauzo. Monga lamulo, makampani akulu osudzulidwa amagwira ntchito ndi othandizira ena a zida ndi zida. Tili ndi lingaliro, chifukwa kampani imasonkhanitsa zomwe zikuchitika ndikusinthasintha kusintha kwa dongosolo la Russia. Kulankhula, gulu la KPD la Makampani Omwe Anti-Ice Systems Kutengera Chingwe Cha Devi, Kampaniyo Sams Imagwiritsa Ntchito Masamba Odzilamulira Awo zigoba za kupanga kwake.
Kodi chingwe chamtundu wanji ndibwino kusankha? Zingwe zotsutsana zimapereka mphamvu yowonjezera mphamvu ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, ikhoza kuyikidwa mu ulusi pang'ono (mwachitsanzo, zingwe zochokera ku tash ndi mphamvu yofulumira ya 25-30W / m nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizika mu ulusi awiri kapena atatu). Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwambiri kumakuthandizani kuti muchepetse kutalika komwe kumafunikira ndikuchepetsa manambala. Mzere wa Abolit wa chikho chovuta chimapereka mwayi wotenthetsa pafupifupi zinthu zilizonse za padenga. Zingwe zolimbana, zimakhala ndi radius yaying'ono yovomerezeka (kuyitanitsa 100mm) ndi kugwa bwino pamalopo padenga la padenga.
Inde, zingwe zamtunduwu ndizotsika mtengo, koma zimakhala ndi zolakwika zingapo zazikulu. Chimodzi mwa izo ndi kufunika kosamalira pafupipafupi. Molondola, kuchotsedwa kwa nthawi yayitali kuchokera padenga la zinyalala, osachepera nyengo yachisanu isanayambike, yomwe siyophweka ngati ndi denga lokhala ndi denga lofewa kapena ndi steep. Kusowa kwakukulu kosakanikirana kosakanikirana kwa gawo lonse la gawo lonselo. Ndiye kuti, munthawi zosiyanasiyana za kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zigawo za mtundu umodzi, kusungunuka kutentha kumakhalabe chimodzimodzi. Tangoganizirani: gawo limodzi la gawoli lili padenga loyera, lachiwiri - pansi pa mulu wa masamba akugwa, ndi lachitatu pansi pa chipale chofewa. Seners, kuyanjana ndi chivundikiro cha chipale chofewa, phatikizani dongosolo, koma gawo lomwelo likugwira ntchito, zomwe zili pansi pa chipale chofewa, chomwe chimakhala pansi pa chipale chofewa, kungowononga magetsi. Masamba amchere ndi chingwe ndipo amatha kuvuta.
Zingwe zodzilamulira zodziyimira zimasintha kuti kutentha kwawo kutentha kutengera mikhalidwe yozungulira ndi kutentha. Mwachitsanzo, mitundu ya GM-2X kuchokera ku Raychem, FSR 31 kuchokera pa Cst, chizindikirochi chikusintha kuyambira 10 mpaka 40W / m. Pafupi ndi Mphamvu Cholinga Chosakhazikika nthawi zonse chikuwonetsa 30W / m, koma nyengo yozizira ya mphamvu zotere pakhoza kukhala zazing'ono, ndipo mu kasupe, kwambiri. Aesley amalingalira gawo lofunikira kwambiri la dongosolo - kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi, apa pali chingwe chokha cha mpikisano. "Amamva" kuti ndi mphamvu zochuluka bwanji? Ngati mutaya madzi ku ngalande, ndikofunikira kugona m'mapaipi osatsutsana, koma zingwe zokonzanso. Iwo amayikidwa pamenepo, komwe kuli chiopsezo cha madenga ovala ndi makomo a tchizi chakugwa, mbewu ndi masamba a mitengo.
Chingwe chodziyang'anira chokha, koma chimatha kukhala chodulidwa mu kutalika pafupifupi (kuyambira 20cm). Cholinga cha kubadwa ndi magawo okhazikika, nthawi zambiri osagwirizana ndi kutalika kwa kukhetsa. Ndikofunikira "kuzungulira" mpaka gawo loyandikira, ndipo chifukwa chake kuchuluka kwa chikho kumawonjezeka. Mbiri yokhazikika imakhazikika, yofananira yayikulu, ndiye kuti mtengo wa kukhazikitsa kumawonjezeka. Mbali Yolimba, chingwe chosiyanacho ndi choyenera kwambiri pankhani yomwe muyenera kuthana ndi kuchuluka kwa mitundu imodzi (mwachitsanzo, mapaipi 10 okhala ndi 10m). Pokhala ndi gawo la kutalika komwe mungafune, chingwe chopitilira muyeso chitha kuchepetsedwa.
Malinga ndi kuperewera kwa memorialogical
Pali malire a kuthekera kwa mphamvu yotentha ya madongosolo omwe amafotokozedwa pamaziko a machitidwe. Kusagwirizana kwawo kumapangitsa kuti pakhale ogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamuyi mu kutentha komwe kumasinthidwa, komanso kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zamagetsi popanda kusintha kulikonse popanda ntchito.
Pamalo opingasa padenga, mphamvu zonse za gawo la malo owiritsa (thireyi, chotete etc.) ziyenera kukhala zosachepera 180-250W / M2. Mphamvu ya mizere yotenthetsera m'makongoletsedwe 20-30w mpaka kutalika kwa 1m ndikukula ngati kutalika kwa madzi kumawonjezeka mpaka 60-70W / m. Mphamvu yowerengedwa ya dongosolo lonse lanyumba sizimachokera kudera la padenga, kutalika kwake kuchokera ku ma traipes ndi ma trade (pansi) mnyumbayo. Tidzakhala ndi 3-4kw. Pa mzere wosavuta, padenga limakhala ndi mphamvu kawiri kuposa zovuta - ndi ma turrets, antic, malingaliro, otsekeka ndi iyo.D. Chomwe chimakhala cha chipika, mtundu wa chingwe sichimakhudza mphamvu zomwe zawerengedwa. Kupatula apo, ntchito yayikulu ndi yokwanira kugwira ntchito mwaluso dongosolo lonse.
Kutentha Chingwe- ngakhale kwakukulu, koma osati gawo lokhalo la anti-pop system. Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti madongosolowo ayenera kuphatikizidwa pomwe chipale chofewa, winawake ndichakuti ziyenera kuchita nyengo yonse yozizira. Zaposachedwa - sindisamala choti nditenthe ntchito. M'malo mwake, ma odana ndi icatithm amagwira ntchito pa algorithm wopatsidwa, kenako kuyambitsa kutentha, kenako kuzichotsa ndikumasulira dongosolo kukhala modekha.
Ntchito yowongolera imaperekedwa kwa owongolera omwe amapangidwa ndi Devi, Ensto, Raychem, Chinhish Oj Elektronik, Mjeremani. Kwa madenga ang'onoang'ono osavuta, njira yosavuta kwambiri imakhazikitsidwa pamaziko a kutentha ndi sensorrmostat senso, yomwe imaphatikizapo dongosolo lokhalo lomwe limapezeka motalika (nthawi zambiri kuchokera -1 3-4c). Nenani, thermostat etr-1447 ($ 137) kuchokera ku OJ Hurktronik amatenga kutentha kwa mpweya kuchokera -10 mpaka 10c-310) kuchokera ku ebele 15. Kuti ayendetse dongosolo lotsutsa-icing-icing padenga zovuta, tikulimbikitsidwa kukhazikitsa Thermostat, nthawi zambiri amatchedwa station yoyeserera. Nthawi yomweyo, kuwonjezera ma tony kutentha, masensa a kupezeka kwa chinyezi komanso zomverera zokongoletsera zimaphatikizidwa. "Menterogical" imasonkhanitsa ndikuwunika zidziwitso zokhudza kutentha ndi chinyezi pambuyo pake kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa ma thermastator kumangosankhidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, kuphwanya apolisi pantchitoyi kumayang'aniridwa, monganso kunenedwa ndi beep ndi meseji pa chiwonetsero cha galasi cha therstastat. Chigawo cha Em 524 87 87 chiwongola dzanja ndi chinyezi cha eberse chimakhala ndi $ 490, ndi zida zofananira 810 kuchokera ku Devictic Systems (410.
Kutentha kwake komwe kukuwopseza komwe kumachitika mdzikolo ndipo, chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito chingwe chotenthetsera, "khalani" pa gulu la Thermostat. Dongosolo limagwira ntchito pa algorithm yovuta kwambiri kuposa thermostat yosavuta. Ngati kutentha kwa msewu kumafanana ndi mitundu yomwe yatchulidwa ndipo ma sensor adalemba mawonekedwe a chinyezi kapena mpweya, thermostat yokha imatembenuka pamakina. Kutalika, ndipo masensa amatchulidwa kuti "kutchulidwa" kuti palibe mpweya ndi ayezi, kachitidweko kamasinthira ku "kuyimitsidwa".
Mwachitsanzo, wolamulira 200e wolamulira ($ 186, pamodzi ndi anyezi- $ 230), pomwe sensor yamadzi ya digitani ndi sensa yolumikizidwa ndi dongosolo la CCT. Olamulira oyang'anira osati kutentha kokha, komanso kukhalapo kwa mpweya. Sensa yotsogola, yopangidwa mu mawonekedwe a "chikho" chomwe ndi "chikho" komanso zikhomo ziwiri, zomwe zimatsekedwa pomwe matalala amawalowa, amapereka chikwangwani kuti chiziyatsa dongosolo. Zingwe zimaphitsidwa, chipale chofewa ndi ayezi zimayamba kusungunuka, madzi amasungunuka. Ngati chipale chofewa chimasiya, sensor yokhazikika imafalitsa chizindikiro chofanana ndi nduna yoyang'anira. Koma nthawi yomweyo, kachitidweko kamagwirabe pamadzi sensor, yomwe imayikidwa m'malo otsika (kwinakwake pafupi ndi chitoliro) kuti muchepetse, ngati chinyontho chagalasi. Kupatula apo, zitha kuchitika kuti matalala amphamvu apita mwachidule. Idzaleka kupita, koma madzi oyenda pamsewu angafunikirebe nthawi kuti mu ndege zonse zomwe zikuwonongedwa zidzawonongedwa mosavuta. Zimapezeka kuti ntchito yayikulu imachitika pamayiko atatu. Pakhoza kukhala zochitika pakakhala chipale chofewa, koma ndi 0s panali thaw. Chipale chofewa, chomwe chili padenga, chimayamba kusungunuka. Ngati chinyezi chimawonekera pamadzi sensor, kachitidwe kamangoyambitsidwa.
Sensa ya kutentha imakhazikika mu mthunzi, m'malo opangidwa, kutali ndi magwero otentha, zowongolera mpweya, zimachitika kuti miyezoyo ikwaniritsidwe kwambiri. Sensor yotentha imapezeka bwino kwambiri kuti palibe amene adapachikika. Ndikofunikira kusankha malo okhazikitsa kuti ndi chimphepo champhamvu, chipale chofewa sichinaphule kuchokera sensor. Pomaliza, sensor yamadzi imayikidwa pamalo otsika kwambiri a ngalande. Musachotsedwe pamaakaunti ndi "mayendedwe" a zida pamagawo a kuwala. Ndikofunikira kuyika sensor yamadzi kumwera, chifukwa ndi pomwe madzi amayamba kuphukira. Kunyumba, monga lamulo, imodzi yokhayo.
Kuyika ndi mtengo
Mutha kuyitanitsa kapangidwe ndi kukhazikitsa dongosolo la chinsinsi mu kampani yapadera. Zikhalidwe zosaposa. Ngati mungaganize zomenyera ma Icles, ndibwino kuyitanitsa katswiri m'malo. Kuchoka, kuyeza ndi kuwerengetsa nthawi zambiri kumakhala kwaulere (koma makampani angapo amatenga $ 50 ya izi). Kuti mudziwe mtengo wamafoni wa foni, muyenera kudziwa kutalika kwa ma trayi komanso mapaipi am'matumbo ndi mtedza kuti akuuzeni kuti muli ndi denga. Ngati denga ndi losavuta (awiri kapena anayi kapena anayi), kutalika kwa ma trans ndi mapaipi kumadziwika, mumatha kunena zambiri, zida ndi zida ndi zida zingati. Dengali ndilovuta, osachoka ku chinthucho ndikuwayesa kuvuta kulankhula chilichonse.
Koma katswiri adzachita muyeso wa madera omwe ali padenga padenga, ayesa kuzindikira leni owopsa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa chisanu ndi mapangidwe ayezi. Kutalika kwa nyumbayo kumatsimikizika; Kutalika, kutalika ndi m'lifupi padenga; kuthokoza padenga; Kutalika ndi mainchesi a kukhetsa mapaipi; Kutalika ndi kukula kwa ma trans. Swami idzakambirana za malo otenthetsera, yazani mphamvu zotenthetsera pazinthu zonse za dongosolo, chiwerengero cha ulusi ndi mtundu wa chingwe, ndipo ngati kuli koyenera, phatikizani dongosolo la dongosolo la algorithm.
Funso lothamangitsa chingwe chotentha munjira zowoneka bwino ndizofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa sikokwanira kuponya chingwecho m'tatuko, liyenera kunama pamalo pomwe madzi amayenda. Ena okhazikitsa mapulogalamu apulasitikidwe "ophatikizidwa" ochokera kumabizinesi opanga. Kukhazikitsa pamenepa, zimachitika mwachangu, ndipo mudzatenga ndalama zochepa pantchito. Koma ngati zoluma zapulasitiki za chiyambi osadziwika, zimatumikila nyengo imodzi, nyengo zingapo ziwiri. Makampani ena amagwiritsa ntchito zingwe za Genevanazed zomwe zilankhulo zapadera zimagwada. Amalumikizidwa mwanjira yoti asachotse zowonongeka m'matanga (pamwamba pa chitoliro).
Mulingo wapamwamba kwambiri woyenerera, mabowo ochepera padenga. Amaganiza kuti mapaipi sapangidwa, mawaya amakonzedwa ndi zinthu zomangirira pamwamba. Avt ngati chingwecho chimakhazikika padenga, n'zomveka kukhazikitsa chipale chofewa (chomalizacho "chimakopeka" padenga la crate pogwiritsa ntchito zomata kapena ma anchor).
Technology yoyenda zimatengera denga. Tiyeni tinene pa zingwe zachilengedwe nthawi zambiri sizikumbukiridwa, chifukwa sizinapangidwe kuti zisagone. Chifukwa cha kufooka kwa zinthuzo kuyenda padenga ndi mabowo momwemo kovuta kwambiri, motero kutentha ma trape ndi mapaipi kumachitika.
Denga lakutidwa ndi matayala azitsulo, onetsetsani kuti kuchuluka kwa mabowo kumakhala kochepa. Makampani ambiri (Sams, zolimbitsa thupi, a Ceillah) Pankhaniyi, choyamba chimakhala nsalu yabisala padenga, pomwe zingwe zotentha zimakhazikika. Madenga ofewa ndi abwino ndi chitumbuwa chofewa, chitetezo chowonjezera apa pano chimakhala ndi chonyowa chonyowa. Ngati, monga chowonjezera pakuwotcha, ndikofunikira kulimbitsa padenga la chipangizo cholumikizira, okhazikika chikumbumtima chidzasamaliridwa kuti mabowo onse amasambitsidwa bwino ndi sealant.
Pankhani yolankhula za mtengo wofananira wa madenga otsutsana ndi madenga okhazikika popewa komanso kudziletsa, kusiyana kwa nthawi mwa zinayi sikutanthauza kuti mtengo wonse wa machitidwewo uzitanthauzanso zingapo kangapo. Kupatula apo, zigawo zambiri (makadi owongolera, dongosolo la magetsi, othamanga) ndi omwe ali ofanana pamitundu yonse yotenthetsera. Chifukwa chake kusiyana sizachikulu kwambiri: dongosolo lodzilamulira nokha ndi okwera mtengo ndi 30-40%.
Zida zosintha zosintha kuchokera ku masitampu osiyanasiyana zimayimiriridwa ndi masitampu osiyanasiyana, koma mulimonsemo ndi zinthu zopanga zovomerezeka: ABV, SiIEMEN, SENTES AMATSOGOLO IT.D. Makina oyambira omwe amawongolera dongosolo, choyambirira (chomwe chimadutsamo), udo (chipangizo cha kusinthika) ndi makina otetezedwa ndi gulu limodzi, lomwe Zikuwoneka ngati chishango chamagetsi.
Kodi zonsezi pali zochuluka motani? Mwachitsanzo, kuphatikizira dongosolo la mapangidwe a ma nexans kutengera zingwe (Norway) kumapereka masitepe muyezo wa 55-40w / M Rible Guts ndi ngalande, komanso m'mphepete mwa denga (band 50-60 cm) ya chingwe ndi chingwe Mphamvu inayake ya 300-30W / M2. Chifukwa chake, tinene, chifukwa padenga lokhala ndi kuzungulira kwa 60m (dera limodzi la 200m2), ma 12m okhala ndi magalimoto anayi okwerera adzafunika dongosolo la 12.2kWW. Poganizira izi chaka cha pafupifupi masiku 35 mpaka 40, pomwe meteo zinthu zimathandizira kupanga dziko ndi chipale chofewa, ndizotheka kudziwa kumwa magetsi kwa nyengoyo. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito ngati dongosolo la "station ya Meteorialogical", lingaliro ili silingapitirire ma cmounts chikwi chimodzi. Mtengo wa zinthu ndi zida padenga lake ndi magawo omwe atchulidwazi ndi pafupifupi 2200.
Mtengo woyambira wa mafayilo osiyanasiyana oyimitsa kuchokera pa 30-35 mpaka 50% ya mtengo wa zida ndi zida (nyumba zosakwatiwa ndi ziwiri). Ngati ntchito zapamwamba ndizofunikira zokhudzana ndi kapangidwe ka ziwopsezo, kukhazikitsa masitepe kapena kusungidwa, ndiye kuti ntchitozi zimalipira padera.
Ntchito imafunikira kuchuluka kwa $ 100-250 pachaka. Ntchito yokonza, ntchito yamakampani imayang'ana mawonekedwe akunja otenthetsera, amakoka kulumikizana m'mabokosi oyendetsa, amayesa nduna yoyang'anira komanso opareshoni yonseyo. Ntchito yamagetsi imachitika nthawi yachilimwe kapena m'opsezo, musanabweretse dongosolo "kutsutsa".
Koma onetsetsani kuti mwafika nyengo yozizira simuyenera kutsogolera kununkhira kopanda chiyembekezo ndi ayezi padenga. Njira yamakono yakwaniritsa bwino kwambiri.
Okonza zikomo maofesi oyimilira a Raychem, Devi, Centi, komanso kampani ya Sams, "Makina apadera ndi matekiti pokonza zinthu