Madambo a masitepe, kapangidwe kake, zinthu, kukhazikitsa, chisamaliro. Zolakwika wamba popanga ndi kumanga. Opanga ndi mitengo.
Marshamic Staircase of Curlineinar for. Chitseko, malinga ndi miyezo, amapita ku Staircase
Izi ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti pansi pagwedezeke kumtunda kumawoneka ngati. Idzakupulumutsani kuti musagwere mgodi
Masitepe, mipando ndi mawonekedwe onse owoneka bwino
Mphete ya Mphete Sungani Malo
Mini elecrase masitepe: metric kosur idzaphimbidwa ndi nkhuni
Masitepe a Screen ndi okongola kwambiri, koma osamasuka kwambiri.
Kuthetsa mavuto a shrinkage kwa nyumbayo ndipo masitepe ambiri ndiophweka ngati kutalika kwa positi kumasinthika
Gara ndi masitepe oyendetsa bwino. Masitepe amapangidwa ndi beech, ndi mpanda - kuchokera pazitsulo zopangidwa
Modabwitsa modabwitsa komanso zokongola. Ichi ndiye masitepe a masitepe a rinthal (France)
Nyali zazing'ono zam'manja - zowombera pa mpanda
Zipangizo ndi zitsulo, zotchuka kwambiri pakupanga masitepe. Kumanga kwa Aero kuchokera kwa Alfa Scale
Makamaka ndi ulesi waukulu, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zolimba, monga miyala ya pordete.
Staives Staircase - sestons - njira yosavuta ya malo akuluakulu a techno-mawonekedwe
Mtundu wosakhazikika wa masitepe a dongo: masitepe amakhazikika pachitsulo. Imola ceramite.
Makina okongoletsa ndi amodzi mwa omwe amakhudzidwa ndi katswiri
Kalelo, kukwera kwambiri, chimodzi mwazinthu zomanga zomwe zinali masitepe omwe anali masitepe, ankawerengedwa kuti "Goola, mafarisi kapena ansembe. Lero masitepe amatitsogolera ku thambo lokha, komanso m'chipinda chogona "padziko lapansi, zipinda zokhala ndi minda yachisanu kapena minda yozizira. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza za mapangidwe omwe "anakhazikika" mkati mwa nyumba zakunyumba ndi zipinda ziwiri zosungidwa ziwiri.
Masitepe, choyambirira, ndi ntchito: imakhala ngati kulumikizana pakati pa zipinda zosiyanasiyana, kuyendaka kumayenera kusunthidwa mwachangu komanso mosavuta momwe mungathere. Kuphatikiza apo, makwerero amakhala okongoletsa ndi kutenga nawo mbali pakupanga mawonekedwe amkati. Kukonzekera kukhala mwiniwake wosamala nyumba ziwiri kapena nyumba, mudzatha "kuthana ndi vuto la madandaulo. Mukamapanga masitepe? Ndi mapangidwe ati ndipo zinthu zomwe zimakonda? Ndi mafayilo ati omwe amabadwa pamsika waku Russia ndipo amapereka chiyani? Pomaliza, momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito masitepe kotero kuti imagwiranso ntchito nthawi yayitali? Za izi ndi zina mwa makwerero zimanena za makwerero.
Jambula
Eni mtsogolo nyumba ya dziko kapena nyumba yazipinda ziwiri zapita posachedwa kapena pofunsa kuti: Mukamapanga masitepe? Ndipo, mwatsoka, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokhutira ndi zojambula zazing'ono kwambiri mosiyanasiyana, kusiya mwatsatanetsatane masitepe mpaka gawo lomaliza la zomanga. Njira imeneyi siyithandiza, chifukwa imabweretsa zolakwa za "kumanga". Vuto Loyamba: Malo owoneka bwino. Nyumbayo yatsala pang'ono kukonzeka, inde, pali zovuta zina zomwe mukufuna sizingalembetsedwe mumitundu yomwe ilipo. Mumakankhira katswiri, ndipo amadzitamandira kuti ndizosatheka kusankha kuchuluka kwa zopindika ndi kutalika kwa wokwera. Ili ndiye chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri pa masitepe, zimatengera izi kuti zingakhale zosavuta bwanji kuzimitsa pansi.Vuto Lachiwiri: Konzekerani masitepe a masitepe osaganizira zomwe zalembedwa za makoma omwe phiri limachitika. Masitepe amatha kukhazikitsidwa kukhala olimba, monga lamulo, makoma onyamula (kukwera, njerwa zokhala ndi makulidwe oposa 25) - Kgsphes-simenti ya Asdestos mu makulidwe, pali " zokongoletsera "magawo.
Vuto Lachitatu: Kuyika kwa zida zotenthetsera mwachindunji pamasitepe. Izi ndizowopsa kwambiri pamatabwa. Ndikotheka kudziwa mtunda woyenera pakati pa mtengo ndi zida zotenthetsera mothandizana mothandizana: Onani mawonekedwe omwe ali pafupi ndi chipangizocho ndikuwonetsetsa kuti sakusintha. Pakupita patsogolo, lingalirani za malo owomba magetsi, ma pichelines, kutentha ndi mawindo abale a masitepe. Ngati mumayang'ana malo, yesani kugwiritsa ntchito ngodya pansi pa masitepe, kumanga zovala kapena mabungwe.
M'nyengo yamvula (mwachitsanzo, pamzere wapakati ku Russia ndi zofukiza zophukira za nthawi yophukira)) Pewani malo a masitepe kumpoto ndi kumpoto kwa nyumbayo, popeza makhoma amakhala onyowa pano. Ibesono, ndi njerwa, ngakhale zazing'ono, zimatenga zinyezi zazing'ono, potero zimathandizirabe ndikupanga mawonekedwe osiyana ndi malo amodzi. Ngati mapulani a zomangamanga sapewe ngodya yakumpoto, yesani "kuphwanya" masitepe am'masitepe kuchokera pakhoma kapena kuyika mpweya wowuma pakati pa masitepe ndi khoma (kukhazikitsa wopanga mafuta). Kumbukirani kuti si munthu aliyense wokhala ndi munthu aliyense wopanga masitepe, ndizotheka kuti muyenera kuitanira mbuye wina.
Pomanga nyumba yamatabwa, ndikofunikira kukumbukira ma shri kna, omwe amapitiliza kwa miyezi ingapo komanso zaka, komanso kusuntha kwa dothi, monga dongo ndi loam. Zipilala zam'masisizi zimayenera kukhala ndi chindapusa cha mtundu wa "telesikopu", ngati kuli kotheka, kutalika kwa masitepe oterowo kumasintha. Iyi ndi imodzi yokha mwazomwe mungasankhe, akatswiri omwe ali pachiwopsezo chilichonse amakupatsani lingaliro lolondola kwambiri. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kumanga makwerero "atsopano" owundana ndi tchalitchi, chaka chizikhala osachepera chaka.
Opanga
Kupanga kwa masitepe kumatenga nthawi yayitali: kuyambira pachiyambi cha kapangidwe kake koperekera magawo omalizidwa kumadutsa miyezi itatu. Sinthani bwino kwambiri pankhaniyi, idathetsa limodzi ndi wopanga. Msika waku Russia umapereka ambiri opanga, onse apakhomo ndi achilendo.
Kuchokera kudziko lina lotchuka kwambiri ku Italy Alhifontanot, Alfa Schela, Marreti, Scarcala, Stermal, a Germal Kepeyre. Onsewa amatulutsa masitepe osiyanasiyana (kugunda, screw) ndikuwachita kuchokera ku zinthu zambiri, zitsulo, chitsulo, galasi, galasi. Masitepe a makampani akunja amalamulidwa kudzera kwa ogulitsa omwe amapereka chithandizo, kusankha mtundu wina wa matola, kuyitanitsa, kutumiza ku Russia kokonzekera ndipo, pomaliza, kuyika, kukhazikitsa. Chifukwa chake, ndi mtundu wa "opanga" ("Eurostroridervis-," apulumutsa masitepe "omaliza", choyamba, cholowa , Kupanga ndi Kupanga. Miyeso imatsimikizika mukamapanga. Izi zonse zimalowa masitepe opanga, ndipo zimapangitsa kuti mawonekedwe omwe mwasankha ndi kukula kwa inu.
Kuchokera makampani aku Russia, opanga akulu kwambiri amakhala "dop # 1," makhadi "," podrodikuta "," skvadrat ", chomera cha MNPA". Palinso kuchuluka kwa makampani ambiri omwe amathandizira pakupezeka kwa masitepe kapena magawo awo kuchokera ku chinthu chimodzi (kotero, gulu la "Caucasus" limapereka zida zamagetsi, "miyala ya" thumba "umabala masitepe ndi kuchinga ku Multilayer galasi ndi zosapanga dzimbiri zitsulo).
Jambula
Pali classifications angapo masitepe. Tidzakhala kutsatira m'nkhani imeneyi zosavuta iwo, chimene masitepe akhoza kugawidwa mu akulowera ndi zomangira.Akuyenda staircase tichipeza utali chimodzi kapena zingapo cholukanalukana ndi malo wapakatikati. Kuchuluka kwa magawo munthawi imodzi kuchokera ku ma cell 3 mpaka 18 (malinga ndi miyezo ya Snip 2.08.01-89 * "Nyumba Yokhala"). Akuyenda staircase ndi ngati mzere wolunjika (kapangidwe losavuta ndi masitepe mwachindunji ongokhala chikhato chimodzi) ndipo potembenukira. Ambiri, malembedwe amatha kupezeka pachibwenzi chilichonse ndipo ngakhale amakhala ndi ma curpiner nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zaka zofananira ndi masitepe omwe amakhala ochepa, ngakhale osayenerera kusamutsa mipando. mtundu wina wa zomangamanga ndi lotseguka: woyamba kapena kutsogolera ulendo awiri ku malo, amene ena awiri ulendo diverges ku zomenyanazo. Uwu ndiye masitepe ojambula kwambiri, nthawi zambiri amakongoletsedwa ndi zopondaponda, ndipo amatha kutumikira ngakhale chinthu chachikulu cha mkati. Kuyenda pamasitepe oluka ndi mwambo.
Mapangidwe a masitepe ozungulira amakhala ndi ndodo yofuula ndikukonzekera mitsinje yozungulira mozungulira mozungulira. Vuto la milandu, chipilalachi chija chimakhala ndi zovuta zophatikizika: ndodo yamkati komanso "magalasi" anakantha, yomwe masitepewo akuyenda mothandizidwa ndi manja apadera ndi mphete zapadera. Makampani ena Russian kupereka nyumba imene masitepe amagwira ku mtengo Buku ntchito m'mabokosi. Masitepe oterewa ndiosavuta pakugwira ntchito: Amakhala chete poyenda, masitepe ndi chipilala chothandizirapo.
The osachepera awiri a staircase wononga ndi 110cm, ndi ambiri yabwino - 150cm ndi zambiri. Mbali ya zochotsa angafikire 55-60. Masitepe a Screen sizabwino kusuntha anthu, ponyamula mipando (zidachitika kuti eni ake abweretse mawindo achiwiri kudzera pa masitepe). Wononga nyumba zina mulibe zazikulu thandizo chipilala, ena akatswiri kuonetsetsa iwo mu gulu osiyana masitepe zozungulira.
Mafashoni pamasitepe amadziwika ndi mitundu yodabwitsa. Malinga ndi akatswiri onse akatswiri mu gawo ili la makampani, zolengedwa zodziwika bwino - malipiro matabwa, kuphatikiza nkhuni, kuphatikiza nkhuni ndi zitsulo. Masitepe akuyenda ndi abwino kwambiri pazomera. Kuyenda pakumapeto ndikovuta makamaka kwa ana aang'ono, okalamba, anthu olumala. Ma screw masitepe nthawi zambiri amakhazikitsidwa monga sekondale (mwachitsanzo, monga kukweza kwina m'chipinda, kafukufuku kapena chipinda chovala) kapena m'malo mwake malo akuluakulu okhala ndi malo.
Masitepe a masitepe
Masitepe aliwonse omwe ali ndi maziko (kosur, mgwirizano, womenyedwayo kapena kuthandizira kapena masitepe (otseguka). Zowonjezera zowonjezera ndi nsanja pakati pa zigawo, njanji ndi zinthu zodzikongoletsera, chosema, komanso kuwala kwake. Makasitomala nthawi zambiri amasankha masitepe kutengera mawonekedwe ake ndikutsatirana ndi mawonekedwe a mkati mwa mkati, ndipo sapita kukachita zachiwerewere, kudalira akatswiri. Ngakhale, madakitala apamwamba, mudzakumana ndi mawu apadera ndi zidziwitso zapadera komanso zidziwitso za akatswiri.
Kosoun - Uwu ndi mtengo wowonda, womwe umadalira njira za masitepe a masitepe. Kutengera ndi kapangidwe kake, masitepe amatha kukhala ndi imodzi kapena ziwiri kapena ziwiri.
Dzinza - komanso mawonekedwe onyamula masitepe a masitepe, koma masitepewo 'akuwonongeka' m'zigawo zamkati mwa chida.
Boltz - Chitsulo chachitsulo cholumikiza masitepe pakati pawo. Masitepe a ma balts, mwina "kuwala" kwambiri kwa zonse momwe amawonekera. Mapazi ake okhala ndi mathero amodzi amaphatikizidwa kukhoma.
Chitoliro chothandizira - Lala la chapakati, kuzungulira lomwe masitepe a screw amalimbikitsidwa.
Tuluka - Gawo lopingasa la siteji.
Chigwilizano - Gawo lokhazikika la sitejiyo, lomwe limatseka kusiyana pakati pa chindapusa ndi masitepe omwe amawadzudzula owonjezera. Palibe zoyambitsa zotulutsa.
Kuthamanga - Momwe, momwe mulifupi nthawi zonse zimawonedwa kokha pamzere wapakati wa Marichi. M'mphepete mweniro uli kale, ndi okulirapo.
Balustrade - Kukhazikika kwa masitepe kapena khonde pa masitepe. Monga lamulo, lili ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira.
Balasin - Zambiri zokongoletsera mpandawo, zimanyamula zoyatsira palokha.
Zinthu, kukhazikitsa, chisamaliro
Utsi la masitepe ukhoza kukhala konkriti, zolimbitsa mtima, zitsulo kapena matabwa. Kuphatikiza pa izi, masitepe amatchedwa konkriti, zitsulo kapena matabwa (kupatula miyala ndi magalasi, adalandira dzina lawo malinga ndi zomwe zikuchitika). Mapangidwe ophatikizika - "zitsulo", zomata zadothi "zojambulajambula za pososur zolimbikitsidwa, ndi zina zambiri, mtengowo umawerengedwa ngati chinthu chofunda kwambiri komanso chopatsa thanzi. Masitepe opangidwa ndi galasi kapena chitsulo choyera sichidakhala chopanda tanthauzo.Kutengera ndi kumanga nyumbayo, konkrizira kotsimikizika motsimikiza kwa overlap kumatha kupirira katundu wa 500-1000 kg / m2. Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokwanira kukhazikitsa masitepe olemera kuchokera ku mwala kapena galasi (zolemera mpaka 500 kg). Malo ambiri opanga matabwa ndi azitsulo amakhala ndi 150 mpaka 350kg. Ndi Deputy House (kuno pansi ayenera kupirira katunduyo osachepera 250kg / m2) pamalo omwe malo a makwerero amalimbikitsidwa ndi mitengo ina. Pakukonzekera, mkhalidwe wolunjika m'malo pokonza masitepe ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito: ndizotheka kuti omangawo azipanga zowonjezera zomwe zingagawire katunduyo pamalo okulirapo. Kusankhidwa kwa mfundo za masitepe kumatengera kusintha kwa mtundu wina. Chifukwa chake, malo osungirako mwachindunji amaphatikizidwa ndi ochulukirapo ndikupuma pansi. Masitepe oyendayenda ndi nthawi imodzi ifuna kuphika kowonjezereka kukhoma, ndikusinthana kawiri kwa cholumikizira pansi, mpaka kufinya, kukhoma ndikuthandizira pamphepete mwa mwala wofukula. Nyumba zojambulidwa ndi ziwonetserozi zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito pomaliza kupangira cososov, alonda kapena masitepe kukhoma. Makonda azitsulo amaphatikizidwa ndi zinthu zanyumba pogwiritsa ntchito ma anchor ma balts, ndi zolaula zamatanda. Pamalo akunja a komwe amakangana ndi ma bolts amakhala ophatikizidwa ndi mapula okongoletsera.
Ma screen masitepe amapangidwa ndi katundu wamkulu kwambiri: malo omwe amalumikizana nawo ndi odzaza ndi ochepa. Kuti tipewe mavuto ndi zochulukirapo munyumba yamatabwa, akatswiri akuyesera kuyika chipilala cha chipinda cha screw skirkese pamtengo kapena pafupi kwambiri ndi icho.
Kutengera kapangidwe kake, kukhazikitsa kudzapangidwa pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yomanga. Chifukwa chake, kokhazikika kotsimikizika kosouris amaponyedwa pa gawo la ntchito yomanga yayikulu. Zitsulo ndi Matabwa Zotentha ndi Ngongole za Ngongole zanyumba zimayikidwa pa gawo lomaliza la zomanga, musanayambe ntchito zomaliza. Zotsalira (masitepe, balasins, ndi zina) zimayikidwa pokhapokha kuyanika utoto wathunthu. Zowona, makampani ena amakonda kukhazikitsa masitepe atamaliza ntchito. Ubwino wa yankho ndi kuteteza masitepe kuchokera ku ziwanda zotsalira ndi chitetezo chimodzi chotsirizira chotsika mtengo kuchokera ku inki yosasinthika kapena enamel. Kuvuta kwake ndikuti zinthu zanyumba zizifunika kuti zizigwirizana kwambiri, kuti tisawononge kukongoletsa makoma, madenga ndi jenda.
Iliyonse ya zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga njira yakeyake komanso imafunikira chisamaliro payekha.
Thabwa - Zofala kwambiri pakupanga masitepe apangidwe kulikonse. Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitundu yosiyanasiyana imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati yofewa (paini, mitengo ya mkungudza, fir) ndi semi, maple), phula, phula). Makamaka masiku ano ndi pine (monga zotsika mtengo kwambiri), bech ndi oak. Zosavuta kuti zisamaliro zamatsenga zimaganiziridwa chitumbuwa, nati, kozungulira, iroko, Mafunso, Mictao ndi Mitundu ina ya mahogany. Mosasamala kanthu za mtengo wosankhidwa wa mtengowo, zinthu zonse (masitepe, zingwe, zingwe, zingwe) ziyenera kumenyedwa, popeza nkhuni za conolithic zimasokonekera kwambiri ndikuphwanya. Chinyezi chovomerezeka cha nkhuni zouma za masitepe ndi 8-12% - kuti muyeze kuti chizithandiza chida chapadera chinyezi. Zida zonse tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mugule pamalo amodzi, pomwe amasankhidwa pa zokongoletsa (kamvekedwe, kujambula) ndikusinthanso. Nyumba zomwe zikubwera siziyenera kuphatikiza miyala yokhala ndi pifini yosiyanasiyana ya fiberi, patapita kanthawi masitepe "amatupa" kapena "kusambira" kapena "kusambira" kapena "kusambira".
Masitepe matabwa amathandizidwa ndi zisoni ndi varnish. Itha kukhala yopanda utoto yopanda utoto ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamiyala, exmells ndi zotupa. Ndondomeko yokongola imachitika isanayambe kumanga kapangidwe ka kapangidwe kake. Sungani kapena osati mtundu wachilengedwe wa mtengowo zimatengera kukoma kwanu. Ambiri amakonda kutcha nkhuni, kukwaniritsa zofananira ndi zitseko, parquet kapena mafelemu a pawindo. Okonda kufanana kuyenera kukumbukira kuti ku ma varnish kumachotsedwa. Kubwezeretsa mawonekedwe oyamba a mtundu wa varnish sikungakhale kovuta - mukamagwiritsa ntchito zigawo zam'mbuyomu, ndipo simudzapeza utoto yunifolomu popanda kusokoneza. Ngati mtengowo udakutidwa ndi varnish wopanda utoto, vuto lolengeza kukonzanso limathetsedwa ndi mwini yekha kunyumba.
Ngakhale mtengo wotsatira umakonda kuphwanya, makamaka chifukwa cha kusamvana kwa kutentha. Chifukwa chake, opanga akutsimikizira kuti masitepe am'matande omwe amakhala ndi masitepe okhaokha pokhapokha pamavuto ake. Chidziwitsocho chimayenera kusungidwa ndi mpweya kutentha 20-22c ndi chinyezi cha 60-70%. Nyengo yotsika ikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito manyezi. Kuphatikiza kwa manyowa, osati zida zapadera zokha zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito (mwachitsanzo, "kulira" masitepe), komanso akasupe okhazikitsidwa mwachindunji pansi pa masitepe. Masitepe ayenera kutetezedwa ku dzuwa mwachindunji, kukhala kutali ndi zida zotenthetsera. Ndikofunikiranso kupatula mwayi wolowa m'malo mwa kapangidwe ka madzi ngati kulephera kwa mankhwala. Zofunikira izi, mwatsoka, sizimachitidwa pafupifupi 80% ya kugwiridwa kwa masitepe a matabwa. Choyamba, tikulankhula za "masitepe otsika" omwe ali munyumba zotentha zomwe sizimatenthedwa nthawi yozizira. Koma zotsatira zake ndizoyenera: Zingwe za Staircase, zimakhazikika, mipata imawonekera.
Mlingo wachiwiri wa masitepe yamatabwa ndiowopsa moto. Chifukwa chake, m'nyumba yokhala ndi mita yoposa iwiri, masitepe okhawo omwe ali mnyumbamo ayenera kukhala ndi kosur ndi zitsulo zokutidwa ndi utoto wokutidwa ndi moto (mwachitsanzo, undererm).
Masitepe opangira matabwa, monga nyumba zamatabwa, khalani ndi nthawi yovuta kwa miyezi ingapo, mwina, pambuyo pake muyenera kusintha zomangira zowongoka. Kutsiriza masitepe a masitepe opangira matabwa aku Russia "Arbol", "mkuntho wa Caucasian", "machitidwe".
Mwala wachilengedwe. Mukamagwira ntchito ndi izi, ndikofunikira kuti mumvetse bwino, chifukwa thupi lambiri masitepe amawopseza kuti atembenukire kunyumba kapena malo a filimuyo ya Russia. Sikofunikira kumanga mwala kuchokera pamwala, ndikokwanira kuchepetsa masitepe ndi zinthu zodzikongoletsera zodzikongoletsera. Chiwerengero cha chimango chimakhala chochitidwa ndi zitsulo, konkriti kapena kokhazikika kapena cholimbitsa thupi, zotupa nthawi zambiri zimakhala zachitsulo.
Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mwala wopezeka mumtanda mwa kubowola, osati njira yophulika (ming'alu yamkati yomwe idachitika chifukwa cha kuphulikaku idzadziwonetsa pochita opareshoni). Mwa mitundu yonse, granite ndi marleble adagawana kwambiri, ndipo zotsalazo zikuwoneka bwino. Mbewuyo imasiyidwa mosavuta, imatenga chikho chosiyanasiyana (chokwirira kapu ya khofi kapena tiyi chomwe chimaphatikizapo zovuta kwambiri). Sikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito njira yothetsera simenti yolimba kapena yomatira kwa matayala a ceramic tile kuti ikhale yopanda mwala - patapita kanthawi pamwala, malo osokoneza bongo adzawonekera. Msika waku Russia umapereka nyimbo zomata zapadera komanso zigawo za Akemi (Germany), belukini (Italy), Lithofin (Germany). Makampani omwewo amatulutsa zinthu zosiyanasiyana pamavuto a miyala - zonse ndi granite.
Ndi makonzedwe a masitepe, zomwe amakonda ndizabwino kupereka pansi zopukutidwa, chifukwa pamwala wopukutidwa ndizosavuta kufiyira. Kuti mutetezedwe kowonjezereka motsutsana ndi madontho, gawo lalikulu la masitepe limakutidwa ndi ma rugs apadera a anti-slint (mwachitsanzo, Sur Sporti). Amatha kuchitidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zosiyanasiyana: SHAS, ubweya wachilengedwe, polypropylene, polyamiti kapena mphira. Masanja omwewa mbali imodzi amakhala okoma, chifukwa cha omwe amakhazikika pamasitepe, ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, amasinthidwa mosavuta. Njira yachiwiri, yololeza kuteteza mwalawo komanso nthawi yomweyo kuti musabise kukongola konse kwa zinthu zachilengedwe - anti-bande omwe amadulidwa kapena kuwazidwa m'mphepete mwa siteji. Kukhudza, m'mphepete ili kumakhala kovuta pang'ono.
Mu msika waku Russia, miyala yamiyala ngati mankhwala oyimitsidwa (ma mbale a makulidwe osiyanasiyana) kupatsa opanga ngati "alpairts", "pellets", "masitepe ambiri apakati pa masitepe.
Ceramics. Chimodzi mwazotheka kwa iwo omwe akufuna kulinganiza pansi ndi masitepe mu mawonekedwe amodzi, ofunda omwe ali ndi mbale zam'madzi kapena miyala ya dongoli. Votchchychi kuchokera mwala wachilengedwe, ndi zinthu zolimba kwambiri ndi zida zogwirizanitsidwa ndi mankhwala ndi abrasion.
Ambiri mwa opanga matailosi ali ku Russia ndi akunja, adapereka zinthu 3030, 2020 ndi 1530cm. Zinthu ngati izi ndizosavuta, kuphatikiza pamapangidwe a masitepe a masitepe. Ndikwabwino kusankha matailosi oyiwina. Okonda okonda ofunda ali ndi mwayi wopereka "denga la" ceramic ".
Kusavuta kwa masitepe kumatsimikiziridwa ndi zinthu zingapo: mbali ya kukweza / kochokera; M'lifupi mwake; Kukhalapo kwa malo ozungulira, masamba apakati; Kukhalapo kwa malo aufulu pamutu pa munthu wokweza; Mpanda wotetezeka; kuyatsa bwino.
Zikuwonekeratu kuti masitepe ofatsa amakhala osavuta kuposa oterera, njira yoyenera yopendetsera masitepe akuyenda ndi 30-40. Ngati kapangidwe kake kakufuna kusuntha okalamba kapena olumala, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti ikhale yofalikira. Kukhazikika kwa kukweza kumalumikizidwa ndi chiwerengero cha magawo awiri (Riser) ndi m'lifupi mwake. Kubwerera ku XViivek, Womanga wa France, Francois Blondez amawerengetsa njira ya "Groumial Stage" 29 masentimita, kutalika kwa kukweza, ndipo 5964 masentimita sitepe pafupifupi munthu. Koma poyerekezera ndi nthawi lakutali lero, osati pafupifupi anthu msinkhu, komanso kukula kwa miyendo yake (choncho, XVIIIV, pa avareji, kukula kwa munthu wamkulu anali 37-38). Chifukwa chake, tsopano masitepe abwino kwambiri okhala ndi Riser 14-17 masentimita ndi mulifupi wa wodzola 34 mpaka 27 cm. The, komwe kuli ana ang'ono, tikulimbikitsidwa kusankha mapangidwe - ndi otetezeka.
The yaying'ono kwambiri ndi masitepe ndi zosintha ( "tsekwe") Chinthu. masitepe ndi mawonekedwe sanali muyezo kwa iwo "kwathunthu" mapazi a mwendo umodzi wokha kulumikiza.
Pakuti ndime yabwino pamodzi masitepe a munthu, m'lifupi ayenera kukhala 70-80 cm, chifukwa thuu 120-150cm. Mtunda pakati pa sitepe iliyonse ya March ndi denga ayenera kukhala mamita osachepera awiri. Mtunda uwu umachuluka ngati kukula kwa chiwomba kuli kopitilira 180cm. Ndemanga yeniyeni ndi balasins ili ndi kutalika kwa 90-100 cm. Kuyenda mosavuta pa masitepe okalamba, mapangidwewo amaphatikizidwa ndi khoma la makhoma 80-85 cm.
Zaka zitatu zapitazi pamsika waku Russia pali zinthu zatsopano - ma pololithic amachokera ku marofete miyala yamtengo wapatali. Amaperekedwa ndi mafakitale a ku Italy Imola ceramimica, Panaria, Mirage Ceramimi ndi mwala wolimba wa Russia ". Masitepe achilengedwe achisoni (seams sawononga mawonekedwe ake) Kupatula apo, satsekedwa ndi mchenga ndi matope. Amatha kukhazikika osafanana ndi konkriti. Pofuna kuigwiritsa ntchito motsatsa (mwachitsanzo, atlas kuphatikiza kampani ya Poland kapena Keraflex Italy Mapei, okwera kwambiri). Mtengo wa plates imodzi yodutsa (yopanga ceramimimia) yachokera $ 34. ITo ndi mtengo wotsika kwambiri kwa mbale za monolithic, zimatheka chifukwa cha mayendedwe a 330125022mm ndi omwe adathamanga pambuyo pake pamakwerero a masitepe. Mtengo wamakampani ena ndi 2-3 okwera mtengo. Mapulogalamu adzafunika ndendende masitepe ambiri masitepe anu. Opanga amaperekanso othandizira othandiza - zikwangwani, zilala, njira za angula, mikono. Masitepe amakono oterera, ngati mwala, - malingaliro popanga zinthu zotetezeka chimodzimodzi.
Chitsulo - Zinthu zolimba kwambiri pamasitepe. Njira zochitikira kuntchito mwachangu zimapangidwa ndi chitsulo (chowulutsa) ndikuyika chitsulo (chomata). Mipanda yachitsulo nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo la mtengo wamasitepe, mwala, cerimic kapena galasi. Zosankha zazikulu zakutchire zimangoyambitsa chitsulo chofiyira, mbiri yopukutira kapena chitoliro chopangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kapena mkuwa. Mitengo yosiyanasiyana komanso yodula ya zitsulo zopanda mphamvu, komanso kuphatikiza kwa "galasi lachitsulo", "chitsulo-". Kukhazikika kotsika mtengo ndikulimbikitsidwa, ndodo, gululi. Zojambulajambula zachitsulo zojambulajambula, ambiri mwa iwo omwe amapereka ndi mipanda ya masitepe ("paravoz", "Welgart", "Russiank").
Galasi. Ili ndiye zinthu zopanda pake, za avant-Garde chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka masitepe. Popanga masitepe, galasi, lopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wambiri ("triplex"), amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zigawo ziwiri kapena zingapo zagalasi zimaphatikizidwa ndi zolemba za polymer (izi zitha kukhala polymer yamadzimadzi, yotsatiridwa ndi ultraviolet kapena filimu ya polymer, itagona pakati pa zigawo zapadera). Wosanjikiza wapakatikati wa polima ndi chinthu ikuthandizira ndipo amapereka kapangidwe ndi mphamvu yapadera, komanso salola zidutswa galasi kutha kwa nkhonya ya. Pakupanga galasi lomwe silikhala lofiirira mu madzi polima madzi, zowonjezera zowonjezera zimayambitsidwa. Unyinji wa sitepe imodzi ndi 15kg ndi zina (ndi kukula kwa 100035028mm). Kuti mudziyendetse pamayendedwe agalasi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuyika mapesi otsutsa, Phiri la Phiri la Phiri la mphira kapena zida zina zilizonse zosakhala zotsalira. Kuphatikiza apo, zotchinga zotchinga zimachotsedwa galasi kuti zisakambe. Mtengo wa staircase ndi lalitali kwambiri, ndipo mochitika sikudalira kapangidwe osankhidwa ndi you- okwera mtengo ndi galasi njira okha (kuchokera $ 500 pa chidutswa). Kampani ya Russian "San Master" ndi "thumba" ali ndi ntchito yamayendedwe agalasi.
Kapangidwe
Kapangidwe, zakuthupi, utoto - zonsezi zimapanga mawonekedwe a masitepe, omwe amayenera amafanana ndi kapangidwe ka mkati kapenanso kuwongolera nyumbayo. Palibe magawatso olimba a masitayilo osiyanasiyana, koma mbiriyakale pali zinthu zina zofunika. Chifukwa chake, mkati mwathung'ono kumalumikizidwa ndi masitepe opangira matabwa ambiri. Amakongoletsedwa ndi zovuta pakukhazikika ndi Balasines, zofuna, zosema zosemedwa. Chonyamulira cha zingwezo chili ndi kasinthidwe kovuta. Nthawi yomweyo, masitepe azikhala aulemu komanso ayi. Chipinda cham'mbuyomu chimatha kukongoletsedwa ndi a Stucco ndikukongoletsedwa ndi mapanelo yamatabwa ndi zinthu zomwezo ngati masitepe. Dziko lotentha komanso labwino kwambiri. Yalandilidwa apamwambo wamwambo wamwambo, njira zamitundu yophatikizira, nkhuni zakuda zokhala ndi ming'alu yaying'ono kapena mitengo yoyipa. Mbali za masitepe am'masitepe amapachika zidebe zamkuwa, mabotolo a mitundu youma kapena anyezi. Mitundu ya chitsulo chopukutidwa, komanso chitsulo chophatikizika ndigalasi ili pafupi ndi inter of "Techno" ndi Techno "ndi Techno. Mipanda yopangidwa ndi zitsulo ndi gawo lachikhalidwe zamakono ndi Gothic.
Mitengo
Mtengo wa masitepe umaphatikizapo mtengo wopangira kapangidwe kake, zopangira, kupanga magawo, popanga zovuta za kapangidwe kazinthu zomwe zasankhidwa (mabatani apamanja ndi okwera mtengo. Masitepe osavuta a pa pine pomwe panali mtunda pakati pa pansi, mita itatu imawononga kasitomala pafupifupi $ 2000, kuchokera pa beech - $ 4,000, ku $ 6,000. Amavomerezedwanso kuwerengera mtengo wa mita imodzi yokweza. Pakuti nyumba matabwa, izo ndi zaka $ 1500-2000 pa mita, chifukwa zitsulo-dressing- $ 1000-1 , 1700, chifukwa kwathunthu metallic- $ 800-1500, chifukwa stone- $ 2500 -5000, kwagalasi- $ 7000. Kulowera kumtunda kwa mitengo kulibe. Zojambula zambiri zomwe zagulitsidwa pamsika zimakhazikitsidwa munthawi ya $ 5-6 $ 12-15,000.Masitepe a masitepe
Masitepe apadera ndi manzant amaperekedwa ndi zofunikira zina. Izi mapangidwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri, ziyenera kukhala zosaoneka komanso zosonyeza kusakhulupirika kwa malo okhala. Kusinthika mu katolu kakang'ono ndikuwola mosavuta mukafuna. Awa ndi zinthu "zabwino" zabwino kwambiri (mbali yokhazikika ya chizolowezi zimafika 63-74). Pamsika waku Russia waperekedwa ndi a Alfa Scale (Italy), azaka za zana (USA), Henke (Germany), Rintal (ku Poland), rotomal).
Malinga kamangidwe, ndi chapamwamba masitepe ndi telescopic (kutsetsereka) ndi lopinda (lopinda monga harmonica a), ndipo malinga ndi njira akhomere, anamanga-ndi Ufumuyo (zochotseka). Pofuna kupeza denga, masitepe a ma ngutic atonde amapangidwa ndi chida choletsa chomwe chimateteza nyumba yanu kuti ikhale yopezeka osavomerezeka. Masitepe a fakitale amakhala ndi kutalika kwa 250-30 masentimita, mutha kuyitanitsa mapangidwe a kukula kwina. Masitepe otsika mtengo kwambiri kuchokera pamtengowo amatenga $ 100-200, mitundu yambiri yoperekedwa pamsika ndi yofunika $ 300-400.
| Cholimba | Dziko | Mtundu | Jambula | Chuma | Zipangizo | Kumakumakuma | Mtengo wazogulitsa *, $ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albino Fontanot. | Zaya | Masewera olimbitsa thupi | Manga | Kuthamanga Post, Kuthamanga Kuthamanga, Kupanga Mtundu "Pouthene" | Beech (adazimbidwa), aluminiyamu | Mpaka pansi ndikuwombera | - |
| Alfa Scala. | Zaya | Vania. | Manga | Chithandizo, masitepe, kulumikizana mu mawonekedwe a mahema owoneka bwino | Mtengo wofiira | Mpaka pansi ndikuwombera | 15000. |
| Kuponyedwa. | Zaya | Sictor. | Kuyenda, Curpinelinear | Kosir, masitepe, njanji, Balassins | Chimango, perilan, chitsulo, mtengo | Mpaka pansi ndikuwombera | 7500. |
| Lapeyre | 10 | Prima. | Marsh, opangidwa | Mahema awiri, mahema (13-14), zikwangwani, zokutira, abarsisters | Tarari (Oak Oak) | Mpaka pansi ndikuwombera | 2500. |
| Yulur | Zaya | Nautilus. | Kuyenda, Curpinelinear | Awiri oyang'anira, popanga, mtundu wa mafano " | Atta, "potne" -metal, masitepe, m'busa | Mpaka pansi ndikuwombera | - |
| Mwala walyal | Zaya | Gara. | Marsh ndikutembenukira 180 | Mahema awiri (omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi khoma), masitepe, kukwera, zipilala zotchulidwa, ma barosters | Beech, chitsulo cha chilala (mpanda) | Pansi, makoma ndi kuwombana | 6000. |
| "Onani Square" | Ndeges | Wapayekha | Marsh ndikutembenukira 180 | Mahema awiri, mahema, zikwangwani, zipilala zotchulidwa, ma barosters | Pine / thundu | Pansi, makoma ndi zokuta | 1600/4700. |
* - Zogulitsa ndi masitepe okhazikika okhala ndi kutalika kwa 1m, 3m kutalika.
Board Board Zikomo Kampani "Academy ya", "Eurostrorvis-" rourostrorvis-, "amapulumutsa masitepe",