Kuyang'aniridwa ndi ukadaulo kuti mukonze: Ndani amachipanga, momwe mungapangire mgwirizano, njira zoyenera komanso kutsatira ntchito ndi ntchito kuyika kukhazikitsa.
Kuyang'ana magawo a geometric a mtundu wa zokutira pogwiritsa ntchito njanji ziwiri ndi waya wokhala ndi mainchesi 2mm
Kuyang'ana magawo a geometric a mtundu wa makhoma a pulasitala ndi njanji ziwiri
Chimodzi mwazida zakale kwambiri zomangamanga sizikulakwitsa
Nyama yamadzi imatha kukhala yolakwika ngati nthenga za mpweya zimagunda. Koma zindikirani ndikuthetsa vutoli pankhaniyi ndizosavuta kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ya kuwira ndi magetsi. Chofunika pakusamutsa masitampu "pakhoma"
Woyesa, iye ndi mita yambiri, ndiye voti ya magetsi padziko lonse lapansi
Hydraulic Press Premication ma piversines otenthetsera ndi makina amadzi
Tiyerekeze kuti, eni nyumbayo adapanga ntchito yosangalatsa komanso yaukadaulo, omangidwa odabwitsa ndipo adakumana ndi mgwirizano wokhwima nawo, amalimbitsa mafunso ndi othandizira. Kodi ndizotheka kuiwala za zomangamanga ndikuwonekera kokha chifukwa chodula riboni yofiira? Ngati makasitomala amakonda nthawi, mitsempha ndi ndalama, siziyenera kuwopsa. Kupatula apo, kukonza si munthu wonyamula, koma luso lopanga. IProsesy iyi imatha kupita ku zikwangwani zamphamvu zolembedwa ndi mgwirizano, komanso malinga ndi zofuna za omanga, ma subcontractor, oyandikana nawo, etc. Aona sagwirizana ndi zosowa za mwini nyumbayo.
Omanga sangatsimikizire kulondola kwa katswiriyu: "Chiphunzitso chakufa, mzanga, mzanga, Mtengo wa Mafuta Azitsulo." Anthu amakhala ndi chiwongola dzanja chawo nthawi yomweyo chidzaiwala zokhudzana ndi "pepala" wawo ngati sawakumbutsa za izi.
Chifukwa chake, ntchito yayikulu ya kasitomala ndikukwaniritsa zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito pokonza anzawo. Ntchitoyi ndi yovuta, ambiri amatenga chisankho chake chabwino cha othandizira. Ngakhale kuti msika wotere umangopangidwa, ku Moscow kuli kale mafinya komanso ma omanga nyumba zonse zomangamanga ndi kukhazikitsa kwaukadaulo: Kuyang'aniridwa ndi malamulo zochitika zosiyanasiyana, ndi zina. "Makampani oyendetsa maudindo" awa osiyana ndi odzola wamkulu kapena makonzedwe a makampani omanga mwakuti kasitomala amalipira malipirowo, popanda kuyesera kwa omanga. Chifukwa chake makampaniwa amatsegula zolakwazo ndikusangalala ndi zophophonya ndi chinsinsi kuti zipitirize kupitilizidwalitsa kukonza, ngakhale zili zotseguka, sikuti, sizilankhula. Kwinanso pantchito ya "olamulira" ndikusowa kwa malipoti akuphwanya malipoti awo. Mwambiri, samangowoneka chifukwa cha chinthu kapena samadzivutitsa njira zowunikira. Ndipo pomaliza, usitima wowopsa kwambiri wa "oyang'anira" ndi omanga. Zinthu zonsezi makasitomala ayenera kukumbukira mukamasankha othandizira. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito anthu omwe mumawakhulupirira.
Pansipa timapereka chidziwitso kuchokera ku panganoli ndi m'modzi mwa oyang'anira mafinya, komwe maudindo ake ndi mawonekedwe ake okhala ndi kasitomala amalembedwa.
Mndandanda wa maudindo, mawonekedwe ofotokozera komanso mulingo wa udindo wa kuwongolera kwachuma pomanga ndi kuyika ntchitoimodzi. Kugwirizana kwa bungwe la kuyang'aniridwa pazachuma (poninafali kutanthauza kuti ntchito yomanga (CMR) imaphatikizapo:
- Kuchititsa chidwi (pofunsira kwa kasitomala) pakati pa oyendetsa (osapitilira ophunzira atatu) ndi maluso a ukadaulo, madongosolo a ntchito ndi mawonekedwe a mgwirizano. Malinga ndi zotsatira za wachifundo, woimira wa ukadaulo wa makasitomala za maphwando okhudzana ndi malingaliro a komanga aliyense, amaganiza za makontrakiti pamtengo wamalonda Nthawi yoyang'ana kuyerekezera, mawonekedwe a mtundu wa zinthuzo komanso matekinoloje otukuka.
- Pambuyo posankha ndi kasitomala, kontrakitalayo ndikuwunika kwa fomu (lembalo) la mgwirizano ndipo, ngati kuli kotheka, kusintha zinthu zake mogwirizana ndi kasitomala.
- Mukakhazikitsa ulamuliro wapano pa ntchito, kuphatikiza:
- kuwunikira mwambo womwe ukuchitika mwa ukadaulo wa SMR;
- kuwunikira kutsatira zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito poyerekeza;
- Kuwongolera kwa ntchito molingana ndi zofunikira za snpos;
- Kuvomerezedwa kwa Ntchito Zobisika (Ntchito Yobisika Kuvomerezedwa Kuyang'anira Kuyang'aniridwa Mwapakati pa masiku awiri ndikukonzekera zofuna izi. Kodi kulephera kukwaniritsa zofunikira izi. Pankhaniyi angafunikire zokutira kwathunthu zotsekera ndikuwakhazikitsa pakubweza kwa kontrakitalayo);
- kuwunikira mwambo wa ziwonetsero zamipikisano pantchito;
- kukonza zowunikira zamaukadaulo;
- Chitsimikizo cha zolemba zapakatikati zolumikizana (zamagetsi, kusokonekera, "kufooka", kupura).
- Kuvomerezedwa kwa ntchito yamagetsi, kuwononga madzi, kupezeka kwamadzi, kuwotcha madzi, mpweya wabwino komanso kutsimikizira kwa kontrakitala ndi ntchito yoyenera kapena yolimbika.
- Chongani ndi kontrakitala kuti mulipire ndalama zambiri zomwe zachitidwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida zomangira.
- Kuvomerezedwa komaliza kwa ntchito ndikupanga mndandanda wazomwe zoperewera ndikuwunika kwa msika womwe amamwa.
2. Fomu yoyang'aniridwa ndi kasitomala ndi malembedwe mu kope la superrdise ndi malipoti apakamwa kwa kasitomala.
3. Kuyang'aniridwa kwaukadaulo kumakhala ndi ndalama zomwe zimapangitsa kuti SMR ndi kulembedwa kwa omwe ali pansi (pambuyo pa kuvomera ntchito) mkati mwa ndalama zoyang'aniridwa ndi makasitomala. Tehnadzor sakhala ndi mlandu woti aphedwe chifukwa cha kuphedwa kwa ntchito ndi kontrakitala.
zinayi. Kulandila Ntchito ndi Oyimira Kuyang'aniridwa Sipakulephera Kwa Womanga Kuchokera kwa Makasitomala Omwe Akugwira Ntchito Zoyenera Kuchita (Snip 1.05-85).
zisanu. Kulipira kwaukadaulo kuyang'anira ntchito kumachitika ndi kasitomala pamwezi ndi malipiro apamwamba. Oyimira oyang'anira akatswiri akuchititsa manyazi ntchito zawo atalipira kasitomala 50% ya mtengo wa pamwezi wa woyang'anira ukadaulo. Pamapeto pa nthawi ya mwezi, makasitomala amalipira 50% yotsalira ya mtengo woyang'anira ukadaulo, ngati palibe madandaulo okhudza kuphedwa kwawo.
Kenako, tidzayesa "kulembedwa" za chikalatacho, ndiye kuti, kuti sichidziwike kwa aluso pa luso, komanso amayang'ana kwambiri makasitomala omwe angakhale pamavuto akuluakulu omwe amakonzekereratu.
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi oyandikana nawo (makamaka pansi), zomwe zidzakondweretse ndi tsamba lomanga likubwerazi. Nyumba za tsiku ndi tsiku, komwe anthu ambiri amakhala owunikira kwambiri chifukwa chodalirika amakhudzana ndi oyandikana nawo, masiku a sabata komanso nthawi ya tsiku amaloledwa kugwira ntchito. Nthawi zambiri kumachokera maola 10 mpaka 18 pa sabata, ndipo kumapeto kwa sabata komanso tchuthi - palibe phokoso, kuti asasokoneze kusunthira kale.
Njirayi imamveka kusamutsa nyumba zina zonse kuti mupewe mavuto omwe angakonzekere kasitomala wolimba ngakhale agogo a penshoni omwe amakhala pansi pa nyumba yomwe adakonzedwa. Amangokhala osavuta kuyitanira, ndipo sadzaphonya mwayiwo kumeza omanga ku Moscow Popanda kulembetsa, kugwira ntchito popanda chilolezo, osagwirizana ndi malamulo otetezedwa, etc. Nthawi zambiri timaphunzira, kuphunzira za chinthu choterocho m'gawo lake, kubwerera kukagwira ntchito. Makamaka ngati ndalama zimafunikira. Mukuganiza kuti ndani thumba ili? Ngati kutenga nawo mbali kwa oyandikana nawo okonzerako kumawoneka osakwanira, atha kudandaula kuti dez, apolisi a msonkho, kuti aletse malo omwe ali pa media. Mudzapereka zovuta zambiri kuchokera ku mabungwe awa. Ndikwabwino kukambirana nthawi yomweyo kumakambirana zikhalidwe zovomerezeka za zinthu zonse osati kuwononga ubalewo.
Nthawi zambiri zimawoneka kuti mikangano yosagwirizana imathetsedwa ndi njira zosavuta. Mwachitsanzo, m'nyumba zachikale ndi pansi matabwa ndi Stucco, kuda nkhawa kwambiri za oyandikana nawo, akuti akuwonjezera ming'alu yoyambitsa pansi. Anthu amakhala ndi chitsimikizo kuti polojekiti yowongoleredwayo si yolondola ndipo, yomwe ili pansi pa kulemera kwa mapangidwe a denga, iwo adzagwa. Msonkhano wa injiniya wokhala ndi mafotokozedwe, chiwonetsero cha chipangizo chotsimikizika, chimangotengera makoma onyamula, nthawi zambiri alibe. AVOT yolumikizidwa ndi denga la denga la nyumba zawo wamba (ma beacon) amakayikira, pokhapokha, osasiyana ndi nthawi yopumira. Maacoko atathyola, ndikofunikira kusiya ntchito yonse, onani zomwe zimawerengedwa ndikutsatira matekinoloje ofunikira.
Dongosolo la mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomangamanga ndi kukhazikitsa ntchito zimatsimikiziridwa ndi zinthu zingapo, zazikulu za zomwe zili:
- Kuchuluka ndi kapangidwe ka SMR;
- Kumangiriza ku kutumiza kwa zida ndi zida;
- kupezeka kwa akatswiri ofunikira;
- Kukhathamiritsa ndalama ndi kukonza nthawi yayitali.
Chifukwa chake, lekani, kuchokera pakuwona kwathu, cholinga chake cha kukhazikitsidwa kwa CMR ya nyumbayo:
imodzi. Kukhumudwitsidwa konse: magawo, zowonera zolakwika, pulasitala, etc. Mutha kuyitanitsa mawindo ngati alowa m'malo. Mukamalamula, ndikofunikira kuganizira makulidwe a denga la dengalo, makoma ndi jenda. Nthawi zambiri, kukula kwa zinthu zotentha pazenera kumayika mafayilo abwino (popanga mawindo, mudzapatsidwa mabokosi a pulasitiki, omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi zenera lazenera iwowo. Agalu a cattim pambuyo pake mafayilo amtunduwu amasunthika, kapena makoma a zinthu zachikhalidwe ndi oyandikana nawo.
2. Kuyika chizindikiro cha nyumbayo molingana ndi ntchitoyi ndikusintha komaliza ngati kuli kofunikira. Ngati chizindikirocho, chopangidwa molumikizana ndi womanga pafupi ndi zoyambirira za zomangamanga, chidzapitirirabe pulasitala yotsiriza, omwe amatenga nawo mbali onse okonza (munkhani yaposachedwa ya kasitomala) kuchokera ku zosatsimikizika komanso zotheka. Chifukwa chake, monga momwe ma anchi amakanira zitsulo ndi mainchesi akunja a 10 mm ndi kutalika kwa 130-150mm amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosavuta. Kuchokera ku Slab Great, "Beakon" yotereyi iyenera kuchita zokutira kwa mawuwo kuphatikiza 10-20mm kuti asunge komanso atadzaza. Kutanthauzira mzere umodzi wowongoka, zikuluzikulu zinayi zokutira zojambula zake zomaliza (pambuyo zokongoletsa), "magombe awiri" amafunikira khoma lokondedwalilo lomweli. Kuyeza kumapangidwa kuchokera ku nkhwangwa za nangula. Mukamabowola mabowo ochulukirapo owonjezera ndikofunikira kuti ouluka movutikira kuti achepetse zolakwika za chikwangwani.
Nthawi zambiri, mabowo okhazikitsa mangusi akuwuma ngati woyamba kutsamba (khungu lolimba la khungu loonda) lawonetsa kuthekera kolondola. Zosemphana ngati mukufuna kuyesa kutenganso wina (kapena) pa database ndikubwereza chizindikirocho. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala zoyesa ziwiri kapena zitatu. Chidwi chiyenera kulipidwa kwa "zikuluzikulu za" zikuluzikulu (pansi pa mipando, zida, etc.) Pakhitchini, malo ogulitsira Pansi (werengani zambiri za izi zitha kupezeka munkhani "Memo ya kasitomala wamkulu. Timagwira ntchito pa ntchitoyi"). Popeza mutha kuyang'ana ngodya za malasha, ngakhale ndi theka la mita, ndikotheka kwa pafupifupi pang'ono, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito chiporiki cha Pythagore chomwe chimachitika kwambiri m'chipinda chino. Vomerezani, ndibwino kuti tingopeka ndi chizindikiro kuposa momwe mumasinthira makoma omalizidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, polemba mapepala okhala ndi amisiri, monga lamulo, amathandizira pakupanga zingapo.
3. Kumangiriza chizindikiro cham'nyanja pansi mpaka chilemba cham'tsogolo pakhoma, mwachitsanzo, chitseko cha okwera. Kuchokera pa mobwerezabwereza, gulu lililonse lokondwerera limatha kubwezeretsa "zero mzere wa zero" mu nyumbayo, chifukwa pansi ndi makhoma nthawi zambiri sizimasinthidwa kukhala pamalo okwera. "Zero" pamakoma a nyumbayo sikokwanira, popeza malo awo amagwira ntchito nthawi zonse, amakhazikitsidwa, otenthedwa, akukumana, ndipo mzere wa zero umachotsedwa. Chizindikiro cholembedwacho chimayikidwa bwino pamtunda wa 1500mm kuchokera pansi choyera, kotero kuti musalole kuti mugwire ntchito ndi mzere wamadzi ndikubwereza manambala. Mtunda wochokera pamtunda weniweni pachimake pakhomo la okwera, inde, atha kukhala osiyana ndi ena kuti ajambulidwe mu kope loyang'aniridwa. "Zero" zakuthupi ziyenera kupatsa zomangamanga, zidapatsidwa mawonekedwe enieni pamwamba pa nyumbayo, "ma pie" a pansi, kutalika kwa mipando, ndi zina.
zinayi. Mukakhazikitsa mzere wa Zero, zotseguka zimachitika m'makoma ndi zokulirapo. Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kulabadira kutsatira kwa ntchito yaukadaulo ndi malingaliro aukadaulo. Pa gawo lomwelo, mawindo ndi chitseko cholowera pazitsulo chitha kusangalala.
zisanu. Chotsatira ndi chipangizo cha njerwa, block ndi magawo ena opanda pulasitala kapena mafelemu okwera pamagawo omwe amagawana nawo, omwe amayang'anitsitsa mbali imodzi yokha. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti "zophimba zochokera pamapepala zouma gypsum siziyenera kufunsidwa, kudzuka pang'ono, ming'alu sikuyenera kuwonekera mu mafupa; palibe zoposa 1 mm. 01-87 "Kutsegulira ndikumaliza Kumaliza"). Ndikothekanso kuchita izi pambuyo poti pezani penti, koma ndikofunikira kusamalira zotsatira zake zabwino. Kuyesa ndi kuchepetsedwa kwamakono nthawi zambiri kumabisala pansi pa pulasitala, ndi mafelemu, kuphatikiza apo, mutha kubisanso mapaipi a kupezeka kwa madzi, kutentha ndi kusoka. Kukhazikitsidwa pakuyika kwa zigawenga ziwiri, zotambalala pachizindikiro, ndizovuta ngakhale ndi chikhumbo chachikulu. Nthawi ya nthawi nthawi zambiri imakhala yokonzekera mawindo atsopano, atakhazikitsa makonde ndi loggias, ngati pangafunike.
6. Chipangizo cha magawo amatsata cholumikizira cha kulumikizana - magetsi, magetsi otsika kwambiri (telefoni, mbale "zotetezeka), kuthira madzi, ma duct a Ducsines ndi mpweya wa mpweya . Pakadali pano, chidwi chiyenera kulipidwa mogwirizana ndi zikalata zowongolera - zingwe, Phare, etc. Mwachitsanzo, ganje lobisika la magetsi okhazikika, komanso mu Zojambula za magawo ndi ma cellings "othamangitsidwa, mabokosi achitsulo okha, mabokosi, zitsulo zokulirapo - mabokosi, komanso zitsulo zotetezedwa ndi zipolopolo zamaboma "(PUT2000g, chaputala cha chaputala chamagetsi cha nyumba zokhala ndi anthu", mas .7.1.29, 7.1.29, 7.1.29, 7.1.32).
"Mizere ya mabungwe agululi omwe adatumizidwa kuchokera ku mabatani am'magulu kuti apangidwe ndi waya atatu (gawo, zero ordoct ndi zero ortictor., P.3.33. Ogwira ntchito zachitsulo ndi mawaya omwe ali m'manja mwa parquet pansi pazipinda za pharquet ayenera kupezeka kutali ndi makoma kuti mutha kukonza m'mphepete. Mwambiri, kuyika mayanjano abwinopo m'makoma oyimitsidwa ndi makoma, ndipo kuyimilira kwa zolinga izi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha, chifukwa kusinthana khomalo kapena kutseguka kotsika mtengo, makamaka parquet.
Ndikofunikanso kuti asakumbukire kuti kuyambira 1999. "Makina Othandizira Kutulutsa Matumba a Pult Ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mwadzinansi kwa Nomwel Pamakono osaposa 30ma" (Ibid. M'mbuyomu ulamulirowu umagwira ntchito kumakwerera m'mabafa. Chipatala, kuchuluka kwa nkhaniyi sikukulolani kuti mumve za zokondweretsa zonse zotetezedwa (Uzo) ndi mfundo yawo. Tiyeni tinene posachedwa: RCO yabwino imachotsa mwangozi magetsi owopsa ndi moto chifukwa cha kuluka pachinyolo chomwe amatetezedwa. Tingofunika kuiwala kuti tiwone "kukambirana ndi malingaliro a wopanga." Makamaka popeza sizovuta konse: Ingodina batani la "mayeso" ndipo mutatha kuyambitsa "kiyibodi" pamalo ogwira ntchito. Phulu lathu limalimbikitsa kuyesa kamodzi pamwezi. Kumadzulo, RCA inali yofala kwambiri mu zaka 60-70 za Xxvek.
Mukamatha kuwononga madzi ndi kutentha, "matsenga" a mpira adagula m'masitolo apadera ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Cheke cheki cha Cash chimasungidwa kuti chizinena kuti chikuchitika. Iyenera kusonkhana kuti mavesi onse a kuperekera madzi ndi kuwotenthetsa ayenera kukhala ndi mwayi wopeza (zipolopolo, matayala opangidwa pamapatini, ndi zina); Pamakona a machubu osoka, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa "zojambula" kuti mufike kwa iwo pankhani ya mphamvu yopanda makoma popanda kugwedezeka. Ngati ndalama zaloledwa, mutha kukhazikitsa madzi oyendetsa madzi ogwiritsa ntchito valavu yamagetsi yokhala ndi chinyezi cha zinyezi zapadera zomwe zimakwezedwa m'bafa ndi khitchini. Seti yonse (kukhazikitsa) kwa dongosolo lotsatira la madzi otentha ndi ozizira kumawononga pafupifupi $ 450.
Pambuyo atayika malumikizidwe obisika, koma pamaso pa chisindikizo chawo, omanga ayenera kuyesedwa ndi miyezo yaposachedwa, komanso kukwaniritsa zolemba za kasitomala pano. Ntchito yolemba ndi kuonetsetsa kuti munthu aliyense wachidwi, kuphatikiza kasitomala, atapangana zolumikizana, amatha kudziwa komwe ali (ophatikizidwa, denga, pansi). Izi ndizofunikira kwa marquets okhazikika pamanja, okhazikitsa kukhazikitsa zowonjezera mu bafa ndi mashelufu a khoma m'zipinda, etc. Koma ambiri mwa olemba akuluakulu kwambiri a eni nyumba, pambuyo pa zonse, atapachika zojambula, muyenera kudziwa komwe makhoma amatulutsa makoma, osatchulanso kusintha kwakukulu kwa mkati mtsogolo. Zolemba zapamwamba nthawi zambiri zimachita akatswiri omwe adakhazikitsa kulumikizana, ndikuyang'ana woyang'anira ukadaulo woyang'aniridwa kapena kasitomala yekha. Mapulogalamu amatha kujambulidwanso kuchokera m'manja, chinthu chachikulu ndikuti ali ndi kusesa kwa makhoma onse, pansi ndi kumeza komwe mawaya ndi mapaipi amadutsa, ali ndi miyeso yosweka. Chiwerengero cha ziwerengero cholumikizidwa ndi malo amtsogolo ayenera kukhala okwanira kutsimikiza kotsimikizika kwa gawo la kulumikizana.
Mawu a omanga omwe amachita chilichonse pa ntchitoyi, omwe amatha kukhala olemba ofalitsa milandu, sangakhale pazithunzi zilizonse, chifukwa zomwe zimangochitika zokhazo zomwe zikuwoneka, ndi omwe alibe mayanjano ozungulira nyumbayo.
Mayeso a mapaipi amadzi amachitika molingana ndi Snap 3.05.01-85 ", machitidwe am'mudzi", machitidwe amadzi amawerengedwa ndi zovuta zoyeserera . Pa dongosolo lotentha, "Kuponderezedwa sikuyenera kupitirira 0,2kgs / cm2 kwa mphindi 5" (Ibid., Claucate 4.6). Kuchita zinthu mopitirira muyeso kumapangidwa ndi Hydraulic yapadera yosindikiza ndi zida zabwino (Photo 36), kupezeka kwa omwe pa malowo ayenera kupereka omanga ndalama zawo. Pereka "Kanikizani mapaipi a ntchito yogwira ntchito" ndibwino kukana, chifukwa pa nthawi yoyang'ana kukakamiza mu kachitidwe katha. Kuphatikiza apo, monga momwe machitidwe akuwonetsera, ndikuwonjezeka kwa 1.5rd of omwe akugwira ntchito mu 80% ya milandu, kwinakwake kumapezeka kotayika, komwe sikunali kukhazikika kwa dongosololi.
Dongosolo la chimbudzi limayang'aniridwa "ndi njira yamadzi nthawi yomweyo pozindikira 75% ya zitsulo zomwe zimalumikizidwa kudera lomwe limayesedwa poyeserera. Dongosolo lofunikira limayesedwa kuti lisawonekere. Makoma a ma pipili ndi malo omwe amalumikizana nawo. "(Spip3. 05.01-85, gawo 4.13). Pansi pa zotheka, ndizotheka kuyiyika mapepala oyeretsa, pomwe madontho amawonekera nthawi yomweyo.
Pamaso pa kusindikiza, zingakhale bwino kuwunika memometer kukana kwa magetsi osakhazikika kapena ling'i "yocheperako (Chithunzi5). Zikhala zofunikira kubwereza cheke ndipo mukamaliza kumaliza ntchito zonse: Kukhazikitsa kwa pulasitala, plywood, masamba, ndi nthambi zonse ziwiri zodziulira, zolumikizira m'manja kapena ma clamps (zitsimikiziro (masitepe otsimikizira) m'mabokosi a nthambi "(Snip 3.05-86-85-85-85, p.3.34). Ndiye kuti sizili zopindika. M'nthawi yoyambira, nthawi imakhazikika nthawi zonse popanda nthambi (kunyezimira). Eyelirner kwa ogula aliyense amakokedwa mwachindunji kuchokera pagulu logawa, ngakhale kuti kumwa mawaya kumachulukitsidwa kwambiri.
7. Mukamaliza kulemba ndikuwunika mafelemu, mafelemu amtunduwu amatsekedwa ndi kuwuma, kumapangitsa kusamba m'bafa ndi kukhitchini ndikuyambitsa chida chakumaso pokhazikitsa chitseko cha kutsogolo uja.
Kuchokera pamenepa, kudzatsiriza kulima komwe "kuyenera kuchitidwa ku kutentha kwamphamvu ndipo mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe ake ndi osatsika kuposa 60%. Kutentha kotereku kuyenera kusungidwa mozungulira wotchi, osachepera masiku awiri chisanayambe ndi masiku 12 atamaliza maphunziro amagwira ntchito, ndipo chifukwa cha ntchito yomaliza, musanapatse mankhwala opangira utoto ndi zokutira Malo otetezedwa osatsika kuposa + 15c (Snip 3.04.1-87).
Chiyembekezo chachikulu chopanda madzi sichiyenera kupangidwira, sichingapulumutse chilichonse kuyambira chigumula chachikulu. Zimathandiza kuchokera ku kutayikira komweko, mwachitsanzo, ngati atatulutsa m'zombo la makina ochapira ndi madzi onse kuchokera ku thankiyo inali pansi. Inde, ndipo madzi awa sadzawonekera padenga m'mabanja kuchokera pansi pokhapokha ngati pansi pa bafa yatsekedwa kumbali zonse "pamakoma a madzi omwe madzi amadzipangira. Ngati pansi pa mabafa ndi nyumba zina zimapangidwa, monga momwe zilili ndi mafashoni, mu mulingo womwewo, madzi osafunikira amangofunika koma. Zikuwoneka kuti ndasunga muyezo, koma zomwe zidasweka.
Chochititsa chidwi ndi chakuti, kupembengeka koteroko kumayenera kumayenderana ndi anthu oyang'anira nyumba komanso makondomu "okwera mtengo". Amabwera mwachangu kwa zolakwazo, ndipo kuphwanya kwenikweni kwake kumayambitsa "kuchokera kwa omanga. Zimachitika, mwina, mozama, amawonanso chosanjikiza chenicheni chamadzi pansi ndi chomera pamakoma ndipo musasamale ndi "chitsime cha chitupa" kudzera pakhomo. Nthawi zambiri, ndizothekanso kudziwa momwe akatswiri ena amasankhira zodziziritsa kukhosi ndipo adatsanulira moyenerera. Kenako ambuye ena a kampani yomweyo amabwera ndikuyika mulu wa magetsi, kukonza tepi yonyamula ndikudzikonzera nokha kudzera pamanja ndi kusawa. Kukongoletsa kwa matayala kumagonanso pansi mpaka pansi mpaka pansi kumakomedwa ndi zomangira zazitali, zomwe zimabwera molunjika. Zingakhale zolondola kwambiri kuti musagule tepi yonyamula konse konse, ndipo chingwecho "chakumalumitsa" kwa ofuula a Alababaster. Aplastmass Dowl chifukwa chomangirira chimbudzi kuti chiletse ndi silika chosindikizira kapena kuviika mu phula la masticn; Zomwezo kuchita ndi screw.
Kuganizirana kwa mawuwo ndi pulasitala ngati china chachiwiri, chosasunthika. Mtundu wa zitsulo pansi pa zofunda sikofunika kwenikweni kuposa kuchuluka kwa zokutira zomwezo, zofooka zambiri zomwe zimachitika chifukwa cha ukwati wa "zigawo zoperewera". Ambiri pazifukwa zina amakhala okonzeka kulipira $ 20 ya mita imodzi ya kugona, ndipo $ 8 imasanza m'manja. Zowonadi, pofuna kupanga chotsatsa chotsika mtengo nthawi zonse chimapezeka, koma chikhala chomveka? Kupatula apo, mtundu wa swala, mosiyana ndi nkhope ya ku Cafeter, onani. Pali zida zapadera komanso ntchito yopweteka (kungoyang'aniridwa), chifukwa poyamba, zokutira zatsopano ndi pulasitala nthawi zonse zimawoneka ngati lovuta. Zimachitika chifukwa cha mtundu wawo wakuda wa imvi, womwe umawonetsa kuwala kotsika komanso, motero, sabisanso kusagwirizana. Koma ngati mungagwiritse ntchito mamita awiri kumtunda (nthawi zambiri aluminiyamu alumuki - Photo1), mayunitsi osavomerezeka akhoza kupezeka.
Malinga ndi Snap 3.04.01- 87 "Kutha ndi Kutsiriza Kumaliza", Malumi pakati pa njanji ziwiri ndi matayala a PVC sayenera kupitirira 2mm mitundu ina, Mapeto a Checkers ndi njerwa, styable m'magawo owotcha mastic, simenti-simenti komanso pansi pa madzi othira - 4mm, zikwangwani zophimba - 6mm. Mwanjira ina, ngati waya wa diameter satuluka pakati pa lamulolo ndi kuwalirana ndi malingaliro aliwonse omwe ali ndi malingaliro, mawuwo amathanso kukhala okhutiritsa (mu chithunzi 1 Chimawonetsedwa). Kuphatikiza apo, pamwamba pamanja siziyenera kukhala ndi kupatuka kochokera koloko "kuposa0.2% ya kukula kofananako kwa chipindacho" (Thambe). Koma izi si zonse, patatha milungu ingapo mutatha kudzaza, zokutidwa ndi ming'alu, zimayamba kusenda kuchokera pansi, " manda "), komanso onjezani" zolemba zosalala. " Zifukwa zake zingakhale zosiyana kwambiri: zinthu zabwino kwambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, ukadaulo wasweka kapena kuthira madzi, kutenthetsedwa, ndi zina mwapadera. ikhoza kuwerengedwa pafupi mwezi umodzi pambuyo podzaza. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunika kulipirira ntchitoyi pa chipangizo chake nthawi yomweyo.
Mukamasankha zinthu pazida zake, muyenera kukumbukira kuti sizabwino chilichonse. Kuphatikiza pa mchenga ndi simenti, pulasitiki amayenera kukhalapo mu yankho, lomwe limawonjezeredwa pakukonzekera, kapena kupezeka kale mu zosakaniza zowuma. Tsopano opanga osiyanasiyana amapangidwa nyimbo zapadera ndi zowonjezera zonse zofunika, paderani kwa oyimilira komanso padera la pulasitala. Zowona, thumba la mankhwalawa limawononga mitengo iwiri yokwera mtengo, koma kugwira ntchito yokonzekera mokwanira, chifukwa "munthu" zomwe zingatheke - zolakwika zomwe zingachitike - zolakwika pakugawa kwa zinthu.
Ngati mukukhala mu malo okhala, omwe sanakhazikitse zosakaniza zowuma ndi mafayilo apadera, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito "nambala yakale ya Socialnce": Pa thumba lakale la anthu makumi asanu ": Pa thumba lakale la anthu makumi asanu": Pa thumba lakale la anthu makumi asanu "la simenti muyenera kuwonjezera lita imodzi ya PVA Guluu mukadandauniza yankho lomwe likhala pulasitiki kuchokera ku izi, ndi shruak - mwamphamvu.
Palibe chofunikira kwambiri kuposa kapangidwe ka yankho, mtundu wa swala ndikutsatira ukadaulo wa chipangizo chake. "Musanaike yankho, maziko ayenera fumbi ndipo limapangidwa ndi kapangidwe ka apadera" (snip 3.04.1-87). Maganizo omanga, ndizovuta kukhazikitsa kwathunthu izi, chifukwa mu njira yodulira ndi thireyi ya yankho ku malo a kukhazikitsa, mazikowo adayipitsidwa. "Tracks" ija ikutsatira mweziwo udzatsatidwa ("woyaka" akakwera). Kusasinthika koyenera ndikofunikira: Kuchulukana Kwambiri Kuthana ndi Kutulutsa ndi Kuwonongeka, Madzi ambiri amakhala nthawi yayitali kuti awume ndikutuluka chifukwa cha madontho osalala "m'malo mwa ndege.
Pofuna kuti oyimilira pamapaipi a nyali, malo omaliza a malo otentha atachotsa kutentha kapena ma mbale oletsa asanatayike osakaniza ndi gawo loyandikana. "(Spip 3.04-87).
Ndipo pamapeto pake, ndikofunikira kuti musankhe bwino zinthuzo ndikuwona ukadaulo wamawu odzaza, koma kwakanthawi ndikofunikira "kusamalira" moyenera: "Zovala za Monolithic pa Banga Pasanathe masiku 7 mpaka 10 mutagona kukhala pansi pa danga la madzi osungira "(Snip 3.04.1-87). Kodi ndani tsopano akunena kuti ndizosavuta kupanga ma screen kuposa kuyika matayala?
Ngati omanga anu sanasamale china chake ndipo mwezi umodzi usanachitike, mawu oti "humpback", adasokonekera ndikuyika pansi, ndipo adachiritsidwa (makamaka chifukwa cha omwe akubwera). Kufikira ndegeyo, pamwamba imasinthidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zosakanikirana zokhazokha, ndipo pamalo osenda pansi pa matepiwo amakhazikika ndi zomangira zazitali za ma tambala kudzera mu slab.
Ndi kupitirira. Kuphatikizidwa - malo omwe amakonda komwe ambuye osayera amabisa kukula kwakukulu kwa kuyerekezera. Kuti mumve zambiri: 1m2 yoyendera 2cm ndiyabwino kwambiri (50kg) ya osakaniza wowuma. Kudziwa makulidwe ang'onoang'ono a mzera (pakuyenga kwa magawo ndi zero Mark), mutha kuwona kuwerenga kosavuta kwa omanga.
Kutentha kwa chipinda ndi chinyezi, osapitilira 60% ya mawuwo m'masiku atatu akupeza mphamvu 70% ya mphamvu, pambuyo pake ndizotheka kuyamba kupanikizana ndikugwira ntchito.
eyiti. Kupaka ndi ntchito. "Chinyezi chovomerezeka cha njerwa, mwala ndi matembenuzidwe opakapo kanthu osakwanira 8%" (snip 3.04.1-87).
Kwa pulasitala ya cromer-Sandy, pafupifupi onse omangika. Koma, mosiyana ndi zowala, zomwe zimayenera kukhala zopingasa mosamalitsa "zomwe zikulimbikitsidwa mosamala, chifukwa chake "makulidwe ovomerezeka a pulasitala imodzi akamagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yonse ya zothetsera, kuphatikiza pa pulasitala, mpaka 15mm. ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pambuyo pokhazikitsa. "(Thambe). Chipatala, monga zenizeni, miyezo iyi imasokonezeka, oyang'anira akuyesera kuti 'achotse "zigawo nthawi yomweyo makulidwe, omwe amatsogolera pambuyo pake kuti asokoneze.
Yang'anani ndikuvomereza pulasitala, komanso mawuwo, ndikulimbikitsidwa sabata itatha 34 atatha kumapeto kwa ntchitoyi. Munthawi imeneyi, zokutira zimatha kupatsana "kuti zikomere (" kuphulika ("kuphulika" pokwera ming'alu yopyapyala ("Web"), komwe kumawonekera bwino makomawo atachotsedwa. Ngati mutayamba kupaka ntchito pa sabata kumapeto kwa pulasitala, "Web", kenako ming'alu yovuta kwambiri imatha kunjenjemera pamtunda. Chifukwa chake, pulasitala 'akuimirira' milungu itatu. Azatat, pakuyimitsidwa, adasungidwa ndi nsalu yolimbikitsa ndipo kenako ndikungoyika mchenga.
Ngati ndalama zimalola kuti zigwirizane ndi malo, makamaka konkriti, ndibwino kuti musagwiritse ntchito simenti-Sandy, ndi gypsum masanjidwe ngati mapulandi. Amakhala osayenera kuphwanya ukadaulo, kukhala ndi zomatira bwino ku zifukwa, sizimangokhala ngati khomalo. Choyipa chachikulu ndicho mtengo: 5-8 nthawi zapamwamba kuposa zosankhidwa za simenti komanso nthawi 3-4 - zimapangidwa, ngati "ma bati" ngati "mabati" ngati "amtengo".
Miyezo ya geometric yomwe imagwira ntchito ya pulasitala ili motere: "Kupatuka kuchokera ku vertical (vmm 1m): ndi plaster yosavuta - 3, yotukuka - 1 . monyanyira wa maphunziro yosalala (N4M2): ndi pulasitala yosavuta - zosaposa 3, kuya (kutalika) kuti 5mm, bwino, osati oposa 2, kuya (kutalika) wa ku 3mm; mkulu quality- ambiri, kuya (kutalika ) Kufikira 2mm "(Snip 3.04.1-87). Magawo awa ndiofunikira osati chifukwa chokha choti pambuyo poti mankhwala opaka mankhwala apamwamba kwambiri sakhala "ma denti", komanso chifukwa cha ukadaulo. Kuwala kwapakatikati komwe kumapangitsa kuti pulasitala yokhotakhotakhota ndi kusokoneza.
Kupatuka kwa zenera ndi khomo, ma pilats, zipilala, Luzg, ndi zina zambiri. Kusalika kwa 1m, 2m ndi apamwamba 1m mpaka 1m. Kuyesedwa kwa radius (kuyesedwa ndi ophunzitsidwa) kwa mtengo wopangidwa ndi mtengo (kwa gawo lonse) sayenera kupitirira: 10mm, osinthika - 5mm. Kupatulidwa kwa Kukula kwa gawo la polojekiti sikuyenera kupitirira: 5mm yophweka, kukonzanso - 3mm, 5mm apamwamba - 2mm "(Snip"). Kuyang'ana gawo la geometric la kuchuluka kwa pulasitala kumapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito Pumb (Photo3), mulingo wambiri ndi mita imodzi (Chithunzi cha Mitembala). Makamaka muyenera kuyang'ana malo omwe ali mphepete mwa mitengo ya zigawenga, mipando, mipando, katundu wamanja adzaikidwe - kuchotsa chilimbikitso pakati pawo ndi linga mtsogolo.
Mwakutero, atayika matayala pa zopinga za pulasitiki ndipo fiya mu mabafa amatha kufanana ndi zopatsira zipinda zina za chipindacho. Komabe, ngati matayala akaikidwa pamalo opaka, iyenera kuyimitsidwa koyamba.
Makoma a zingwe ndi matailosi ayenera kufanana ndi gulu la "zosavuta", chifukwa kulumikizidwa kwawo ndi guluu kapena mastic sikovomerezeka, kumatha kubweretsa matailosi ambiri. "Kukula kwa chomatira kuchokera yankho sikuyenera kupitirira 7mm, kuchokera ku Mastic-1mm" (Snip 3.04-87). Ngati pali chifukwa chilichonse simudzakhala ndi mwayi wogula ziweto zamakono, mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito njira ya simenti ": mu 10 malita a yankho, 1 lita imodzi yotsika mtengo komanso mwamphamvu.
Miyezo ya geometric yomwe ili pamtundu wa nkhope ndi: "Malo omwe ali ndi maginiki ndi galasi amatha kukhala ndi kupatuka kuchokera ku vertical (vmm mpaka 1m): Kunja kwa 2m, mkati - mkati mpaka 1,5mm; chimodzimodzi - kupatuka kwa seams kuchokera kolunjika ndi zopingasa; 0.5mm (Snip 04/04 / 01-87). Kupaka ma taams a mataile ayenera kukhala sabata limodzi pambuyo poti holoyo ndi youma ndikupanga mphamvu yofunika.
Zipitilizidwa.