Ntchito yomanga madziwe akunja: Njira yabwino yopewera zolakwa ndikuwerenga zomwe zidachitika m'mbuyomu ndikuzitenga zabwino kwambiri.
Zigawo za Pavilion zitha kubwezeretsedwanso kumbali ndikusangalala ndi madzi ndi dzuwa
Madziwe okakamizidwa safuna ntchito yomanga ndi ntchito yomanga ndi kutumiza
Chilimwe choteteza chilimwe chimawonetsa magalasi agalasi
Ndi maziko am'madzi olowera, makoma owongoka amalumikizidwa ndi zopinga ndi zolembedwa ndi pinki
K-D Pool (k-d zinthu) chimango
Kulowera kwa chophimba chaukadaulo kuyenera kukhala kosavuta komanso kosavuta.
Magawo a Hydro Polroc Bool (Hydra matope), amalimbikitsidwa ndi ma balts ndi zolosera za akatswiri
Mosac imakupatsani mwayi kuti mudalitse kwambiri mbale
Matchuthi a Tile sakhala ochepa mawonekedwe onse.
Zitsamba za causson za mafomu aliwonse zimatha kuchitidwa ndi ma module
Chophimba chaukadaulo chiyenera kukhala ndi njira yochotsa madzi
Kuphatikizika kwa coublecranty kumapangitsa "mtsinje" kulikonse m'mbale
Malinga ndi omanga, malo omwe nyumba zanyumba zopangidwa kudera la Mosew amangidwa nthawi yomweyo, ndipo ngakhale pafupifupi 20% - monga momwe adakonzedwera. Poyerekeza ndi matoo a semisal ku Moscow mu mandimu, manambala ndi odabwitsa. Kodi gulu la asirikali akugwira ntchito padera liti? Zikuwonekeratu kuti si mayunivesite omwe adawakonzekeretsa, luso ndi zomwe adakumana nazo zimapezeka poyesedwa ndi zolakwika. Njira yabwino yopewera zolakwa zatsopano ndikufufuza zomwe zidachitika m'mbuyomu ndikuzitenga zabwino kwambiri.
Trosock ya moyo wautali
Ndili ndi zaka kuchokera kukumbukira kwa munthu, tsatanetsatane wa zochitika zambiri zofunika kwambiri za moyo amachotsedwa. Koma ngakhale akulu a Kenktetary amasunga kuwoneka bwino kwa nkhani zaubwana: kutentha ndi kusilira kwa mayi, chithunzi cha nyumbayo, choyenda chosangalatsa, chomwe chikudziwa, zomwe zimafuna kuti zikhale zachilengedwe Kapena kuda nkhawa kuti thanzi lawo lipindulitsa anthu kuti apange dziwe? Koma zoona zake ndi zodziwikiratu: Kuchokera pazachigawo cha dziwe losankhidwa pang'onopang'ono kumatembenukira ku moyo wapakati pa pakati. Amalimbikitsidwa kwambiri ndi ntchito yomanga dziwe zakunja, kalilole wowonda kwambiri womwe umawunikiridwa ndi dzuwa. Kodi ndizokongola bwanji?Choyamba, kuphatikizika kwamalingaliro ndi malingaliro kumatheka chifukwa chothandizira sikufanana ndi chilichonse kupatula kusambira mu Mtsinje weniweni. Kuwala kwa Dzuwa, tan, mpweya wabwino watsopano, kukonda madzi obiriwira, mbalame zobiriwira, zonsezi zimatsitsimutsa kwambiri komanso zimachiritsa matenda osokoneza thupi. Aooker, ngati dziwe lili ndi zida zosiyanasiyana za mtundu wa geyer, mtsinje wamadzi, wosasunthika kapena wokhazikika, simuyenera kukusowani osati kukusowani osati kukusowani osati kukusowani osati kuphonya inu osati kukusowani osati kuphonya inu osati kukusowani osati kuphonya inu. Zachidziwikire sizomwe kukongola kumeneku kuli kukukongola kwanu, komanso zomwe zili m'derali nthawi zambiri sizikhalanso mtsinje kapena nyanja, komwe ndizotheka kumenyera popanda chiopsezo chotenga zilonda.
Kachiwiri, matope akunja ali otsika mtengo wotsekedwa. Mtundu wa chilimwe wa dziwe la 32m3 kuchokera pa $ 370. Poyerekeza: "Mnyamata" wake "adzawononga $ 1,100 (pulagi). Zowona, malire a mtengo wa mapangidwe otseguka ndi pafupifupi $ 20,000 (konkriti, "zokongola"). Ngakhale kuli kofunikira kuvomereza kuti matope otseguka ali okwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa otsekeka (timalankhula zambiri za izi pansipa).
Chachitatu, kalirole yamadzi yowala imakongoletsedwa kwambiri ndi chiwembu ndipo nthawi zambiri limakhala chokopa chachikulu cha malowo.
Kodi nchiyani chimalepheretsa kulimbikitsa nyumba zotere (pambali pake, inde, zovuta zachuma)? Choyamba, nthawi zochepa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pachaka ndi miyezi 3-6. Kenako - zovuta zomwe zili osamba oyera. Mafuta okwanira ochuluka kwambiri amagwera mkati mwake. Mchenga, fumbi la mlengalenga, kubweretsedwa ndi mvula kuphatikiza, mikangano, mungu wamaluwa, tizilombo tambiri ndi ziwiri kuti zitheke panyanja yanu Chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kumva kuti dziwe ndi chamoyo ndipo ndizosatheka kuti amupatse tsoka lililonse, adzafa. Mtengo wa mankhwala ofunikira munthawiyo ndi pafupifupi $ 70 pa 10m3 osamba. Koma musaganize kuti mudzamangidwa ku dziwe, ngati akapolo a mabungwe, - pafupifupi zochitika zonse zosamalira zitha kupatsidwa zida zokha. Pakadali pano osaletsedwera ku $ 1,500 mpaka $ 6,000, koma nthawi zina zimafunikira nthawi zina (ngati mukulephera mu pulogalamuyi kapena kuzimitsa magetsi).
Vuto lina ndikusunga nthawi yozizira. Zachidziwikire, ndibwino kuyang'ana matupi a kusambira ndi buluu wosalala mu zotsatsa zotsatsa. Kupatula apo zonse, chisanu tili ndi miyezi 5-6. Nthaka zoyambira, ndipo m'madzi apansi-pansi amavutitsa chilichonse pansi. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuganiza pasadakhale momwe mungatetezere dziwe nthawi yachisanu - chotsani m'chipindacho kapena kusiya mpweya wabwino. Zosankha zonsezi, kapangidwe kokha kapangidwe kake ndi mtengo wake zidzakhala kosiyana.
Chabwino, pamapeto pake, pali zochitika zina zambiri, zovunda modekha ndi omanga, ogulitsa ndi olemba mabuku ambiri: Kodi ndi kuphatikiza madzi kuti? Osachepera kamodzi pachaka. Aesl zowonjezera? Osati pa funso lililonse. M'mapuwa onse a hydraulic system ya dziwe, chidutswa cha chitoliro chokhala ndi "ma vakalthation" afotokozedwa. Aesley siunigle, komabe wodziyimira pawokha, koma nthawi yonseyi "pomwe" mungasamvetsetse pabwalo. Kupatula apo, matani ambiri a zinyalala amaletsa nthawi yomweyo staptic! Kenako zosankha ziwiri zimasiyidwa: a) mu dongosolo la ravery, b) pa mpumulo. Koma kachitidwe kamphepo kuyenera kumangidwa, ndipo izi ndi ndalama zotsatsa. Chabwino, "Pampumulo" ndi wa chimbudzi chapafupi kapena chipululu, ngati kuli. Chilolezo cha ukhondo waukhondo kuti ulandire chifukwa chosowa madzi otaya ngati kumwa. Koma kodi oyandikana nawo ndi malo anu azigwirizana ndi chisankho chotere? Kupatula apo, pakhoza kukhala chlorine ambiri, a Saltetes, nitrate, chloroforms, formaldehyde m'madzi. Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zonse zokhala ndi vuto komanso kuyeretsa zimafunikiranso kukhetsa kwina. Izi zitha kukhala 1-23 ya kukhetsa, ayeneranso kuganiziridwa mukamawerengera dongosolo lazowoneka bwino. Pomaliza: Popanda kusankha mogwirizana ndi vuto la kukhetsa madzi (komwe, kuchuluka kwake komanso momwe), osapanga mapulani ena.
Ngati zolemba zachidule izi sizikuchititsa manyazi kuti mumange dziwe lakunja, lidzapitilizabe kukambirana bwinobwino.
Mapaundi izy
Asanatengere rolelete ndikuponyera zojambula, sankhani zokhumba zanu. Kodi muyenera kuziziritsa tsiku lotentha ndikutsuka thukuta mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito mabedi? Kapenanso ndiye chinthu chachikulu - chida ndi dziwe zikuyenera kukhala ndi zida zofunikira pakugwira njira zaumoyo? Monga malo, idzakhala malo a masewera a pansi? Kapena kodi inakonzedwera ngati chinthu chofunikira kwambiri papangidwe la mawonekedwe?
Kenako muyenera kuphunzira za ma hydrogelogy a tsambalo. Samayika dothi la masika, kodi amayandama? Kodi madzi (agb) ndi ati? Kodi mapangidwe a madzi ndi ambiri aja ndi chiyani (ogulitsa) ndi otani? Zivuti, kodi ndingamuphatikize kuti madzi ndi uve kuchokera ku dziwe? Mayankho amatengera mawonekedwe, kukula, kapangidwe ka mbale yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi matekinoloje ndi matekinoloje, mtengo wonse. Ngati dothi limasefedwa ndikuwongolera pansi 2m, ndinu mwayi: kugula kapena kumanga kwa dziwe kudzakhala kotchipa kotsika mtengo. Ngati pa malo a dongo, mtengo wake umawonjezeka ndi 2-3 nthawi chifukwa cha chipangizocho kapena, osachepera ma cell.
Zosawerengeka zosafunikira panja
Tsiku lililonse:- Choyera: kalilole wamadzi kuchokera ku Shera ndi masamba; Zosenda pa skimmer ndi pampu.
- Kusefa madzi 2-3 nthawi (nthawi yocheperako si yochepera 6h).
- Chongani ndikusintha kuchuluka kwa chlorine waulere (wabwino madzulo).
Sabata:
- Yang'anani ndikusintha pH ya hydrogen Ph (2-3 nthawi).
- Sambani zosefera mu "Resensing" mode (mphindi 2-5).
- Onjezani anicticdel to madzi: a) Aclidel kuwononga algae; b) coaglator ya madzi owala (muti mpweya).
- Tsukani pansi ndi makhoma a mbale kuchokera ku zodetsa zowoneka bwino pamadzi oyeretsa (burashi).
- Onjezani madzi atsopano (mpaka 3% ya kuchuluka kwa mbale).
Mwezi uliwonse:
- Khalani ndi matenda osaneneka.
- Yeretsani makoma kuchokera mbale ndi laimu.
- Onani ntchito ya matoma alecrobic.
Chaka chilichonse:
- Sakanizani madzi, yeretsani dziwe ndikudzaza madzi abwino, chitani zida zoletsa zida.
- Kuphika dziwe losambira la nthawi yozizira.
Zisenda Zosiyanasiyana
Pofunafuna lingaliro lokwanira la kampaniyo kupangidwa osachepera mitundu iwiri ya madontho otseguka. Utsach ili ndi zabwino zake komanso zovuta, mtengo wa niche ndi ogula. Popanda kumangonamizira zamphamvu za gulu, tiyeni tiyese kufotokoza zamtundu waukulu wamadziwe.
Malinga ndi maziko opindulitsa komanso aukadaulo, amatha kugawidwa kukhala kosalala, kuwonongeka, kuwonongeka (kuwonongeka) ndi malo oyimilira. Omaliza okhawo omwe amamangidwa pamalopo malinga ndi ntchito ya payekha, enawo amagulidwa okonzeka kapena mawonekedwe a chinthu chomaliza chomaliza chomwe chimasintha zochitika ndi zofunika.
Wotopetsa
Madziwewa amapangidwa mu mawonekedwe a chivundikiro chokwanira kuchokera ku filimu yolimba ya PVC. Kupereka kapangidwe kake, m'mphepete mwa mbali kumakhala ndi kamera ya roblow momwe mpweya umagulitsidwa ndi pampu. Mwachitsanzo, mwachitsanzo, kusinthasintha kwa Flexi (polobhy), dziwe lamatsenga (GREMA) (GRAIN, Spain), Yosavuta (Inx, USA). Madziwe amaphatikizidwa mosavuta kwa ola limodzi ndi theka pa nsanja iliyonse yotsukidwa kuchokera ku miyala yolimba ndi bitch. Miyeso yamitundu yotereyi ndi yaying'ono: m'mimba mwake - kuyambira 2,5 mpaka 5 m, Kuzama - kuchokera pa 0,7 mpaka 1.7 mpaka 1.2 mpaka 1.2 mpaka 500-700. Posankhidwa, izi ndi zinthu zoyipa kwambiri. Phiri kumapeto kwa sabata limakhala lovuta, chifukwa kuchokera ku payipi kuti mudzaze nthawi yayitali (pa 1m3 voliyumu ya umodzi ndi theka), ndipo matani amadzi sapezeka patsamba lililonse, osatheka. Ndi zowopsa kuziyika, popeza mitundu ngati imeneyi sinasinthidwe bwino kuti ayeretse madzi. Koma ngati dambo laling'ono la Sabata (ma cubes for asanu) kwa obweza chinthu chotere ndi oyenera.Samalani, kupanga chisankho. Mitundu yambiri yaku Europe (Kuchotsa matoo a ana) kumaperekedwa ngati zinthu zina zokwera mbale. Njira yosinthira m'magazini yozungulira imaphatikizapo ogulitsa onse aku America ndi Canada, TOOL wamtsogolo wamtsogolo, Spanish Gres ndi Spring Netjoyaux. Inde, zida zonse zofunika sizingasankhidwe pamalo omwewo pomwe mbale imagulitsidwa.
Mu "njonda" adakhazikitsa dziwe lotalika, kusefa ndi mchenga kwa icho, skimmer, masitepe am'madzi pansi pa ma vatureter, zomangamanga, ndi mankhwala oyeserera. Zimatengera zonse $ 1000-1300. Zikuonekeratu kuti mndandandawo ungakhale wodalirika, kuyang'ana lingaliro lake la chitonthozo, kumverera kokongola ndi makulidwe a chikwama.
Nyengo yowonongeka
Amakonzedwa kuti azisonkhanitsidwa mu kasupe (kwa masiku 0,5-1,5), ndikuti asunge ndikusungidwa m'chipindacho. Lingaliro la kapangidwe kake ndilosavuta. Wopepuka komanso wokhazikika wa pakati pa mawonekedwe a chimango kapena chipolowe (khoma lotseka (loonda lotsekedwa) limathandizidwa ngati kaphikidwe ka mufilimu ya PVC. Chingwecho chimadzaza ndi madzi. Chimango kapena pobisalira malire. Zipangizo zotere zaikidwa pansi (chifukwa chake dzinalo "pansi"). Frameworks ndi pang'ono, mwachitsanzo, J.E. Dziwe (GR), Dzina la Ana (Inx, USA), K-D (D-D). Mtundu Wotsiriza Kwambiri Kwambiri kwambiri ndikufunika mapulono ophunzitsira ochepa. Chimangocho chimasonkhanitsidwa ku machubu ndi mateni, ndipo filimu ya vinyl ya nsalu imalimbikitsidwa ndi Kevorom. Bowli khala wolimba, m'mbali mwake amatha kukhala. Pali mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe akona (yekhayo mu fomu iyi) ndi kutalika kwa 1.2 m ndi voliyumu 15, 22 ndi 25m3 (kukula pafupifupi 35 m). Mtengo wake uli pafupifupi $ 6,800 pamodzi ndi dongosolo loyeretsa madzi.
Mitundu ya mapesi a nyengo ndi chipolopolo chachitsulo, koma onse aiwo amangidwa munjira imodzi yomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mitundu ina. Makoma amapangidwa kuchokera ku zitsulo zowonda zowonda zokhala ndi makulidwe a 0,4-0.6, zotetezedwa motsutsana ndi kutunga kwa poling. Makoma amalimbikitsidwa ndi zitsulo pamitsempha yapamwamba ndi yotsika komanso mbali. Mkati mwake umayikidwa thumba lochokera ku mafilimu a PVC ndi makulidwe a 0,5-0.7mm. Madziwe amtunduwu amapangidwa kokha m'mabuku ang'onoang'ono (mpaka 22M3) kuti mtengo wawo sukhale wokwera kwambiri. Tinene kuti: $ 700 palimodzi ndi fyuluta. Mitsempha imeneyi nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi zida zokwanira (zophatikizidwa): skimmer, fyuluta yokhala ndi cartridge komanso ngakhale nyali.
Kugwa chisanu
Zizindikiro za mitundu iyi ndizodziwika kwambiri. Pali mitundu pafupifupi 35 ndi 80 yozungulira pamsika, koma m'mizinda yosiyanasiyana, yosiyana. Amaperekedwa pafupifupi mafilimu khumi ndi awiri, omwe, kuwonjezera pa omwe tawatchulawa, a Unimmun, Krulland (Gernland), USA). Mitundu yosalimbana ndi chisanu imakhazikika mwanjira yomweyo monga nyengo yofananira, pokhapokha amagwiritsa ntchito pepala lachitsulo lalitali, lokhala ndi pakati pa 0,6-0.8-0.7mm. Kutetezedwa kwa pepala lamoto kungakhale polmer kapena enamel. Pali mabokosi amodzi ndi theka-amapha (KRulland). Makomawa amakondedwa kwambiri ndi ma predrdy. "Eveni" eyiti "ndi" oval "amalimbikitsidwa ndi mitengo yodutsa, ndipo" mafuta ena "amathandizanso (ma consictor). Mavita a mbale amatha kupirira katunduyo wogwira ntchito nthawi ya kuzizira kwa madzi.Mitundu itatu ya mabasitere oterewa amaperekedwa: kuzungulira, chozungulira ndi "eyiti", ngakhale mu rilax mtundu wa masitepe ogona pa masitepe achi Roma. Iwo amene amakonda kusamba kochetcha ayenera kusankha mtundu wina wa kapangidwe kake. Makomawo amapangidwa kuti akhale osambira pang'ono - kutalika kwa 1.2-1,5 m, mwa zitsanzo zochokera ku KRulland (kuthamanga, Bauka) atachotsedwa. Koma mitundu ya voliyumu ndi yayikulu: kuyambira 4 mpaka 255m3 (logoyidwa ndi d) ndipo ngakhale 360m3 (KRulland), koma njira yomaliza imakhala ndi malo amasewera. Dziwe ili ndi kutalika kwa 1.2 m akhoza kuyikidwa pansi kapena kutsutsidwa mu nthaka; Ndi kutalika kwa 1.5 m, zomangamanga zidatenthedwa kale, pang'ono kapena kwathunthu; Mphepo ziwirizi zolumikizidwa kwathunthu. Kupumula kwa malowa kudzakuwuzani, ndi mtundu uti womwe ukuwoneka bwino kwambiri, koma kutsimikiza ndi malingaliro aluso. Izi ku US, theka dziwe limapangidwa ndi dziko lapansi, ndipo tili ndi moyo wosiyana. Kupatula apo, izi sizimapangitsa kuti zisasokonekere, zimakhala zozizira. Chifukwa chake, ndikuyika mbale, tidzatsogolera moyo wake: Kupanikizika kwa ayezi kuchokera mkati kumalipidwa ndi kukakamizidwa kwa dothi kunja, ndipo kukhazikika kwa kusamba kukuyenda bwino. Koma mbale zoyaka kwathunthu ndizokakamiza, chifukwa mosavuta ikani zinyalala, mchenga, tizilombo, kulowa m'mitsinje ya madzi amvula. Ndipo kwa ana aang'ono, pamafunika kumvetsera mwachidwi mosasamala kuti mulowe m'madzi palibe mtengo. Chosiyanasiyana cha mbale yokhala ndi theka ndi yosavuta, koma pamafunika zopeka zambiri mukakongoletsa.
Mtengo wosiyanasiyana wa mitundu yolimbana ndi chisanu ndi onse: kuchokera $ 300 mpaka $ 12,000, kutengera kampaniyo, mitundu, kukula ndi makonzedwe. Chifukwa chake, "demokalase" ya "demokalase ya 32-40m3 kuchokera pa pepala lachitsulo ndi $ 1300-2200, kiyi yotembenukira ndi 2-3.5 nthawi yokwera mtengo, omwe ali okwera kwambiri amagwira ntchito yomanga. Koma kukonza ntchito ayenera kukhala, kumene, okakamiza mafinya, komanso makamaka otero omwe ali ndi ntchito zautumiki. Kupanda kutero, zolakwitsa zoyambirira zomwe sizingakonzeke pokonza madzi zimatha kugunda kaye kwa nthawi yayitali.
Tumikirani matope 7-10 akale, otsimikizika ndi zochitika zapakhomo. Ziwerengerozi zimatha kutsutsidwa, chifukwa opanga ambiri amapereka chitsimikizo kwa zaka 10 za PVC Clor, kwa zaka 15 za makoma azitsulo komanso zaka 25 (KRulland) zipolopolo za Druwimu. Kupatula apo, zimaperekedwa kuti wogula azichita zonse momwe ziyenera kuchitira: osasokoneza malo otetezedwa, makamaka m'mphepete mwa ma sheet (makamaka, mwachangu), omwe amathetsa ntchito Ndi madenga akuluakulu kapena obiriwira obiriwira, dziwitsani mwachangu momwe amayambira kuwonongeka, ngati zaka zingapo amaiwala za iwo. Pazifukwa, chitsimikizo cha ogulitsa ndi zaka 1-2, ndipo osati 10. Chabwino, ngati nthawi yosinthira ndi yosavuta, chipolopolo chimakhala chovuta kwambiri, koma sichili pachabe.
Ophatikizidwa (gawo)
Ndi ochepa, mitundu yotere imaperekedwa ndi makampani asanu ndi limodzi. Sungani mbale zolozera kuchokera pa mapangidwe osiyana kamodzi ndi kwanthawi zonse. Malinga ndi zomwe, zinthu zoterezi ndizabwino kuposa gulu, kugwa, koma osafika konkriti. Pa mtengo woyandikira kumapeto, kutsogolo komwe amakhala ndi mwayi mu mitengo yomanga, osagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhazikitsa anthu ndi zosafunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito zida zovuta. Chovuta kwambiri komanso cholimba cha madziwe owonongeka, chifukwa mapani amapangidwa kuchokera ku zochulukirapo kuzomwe zimayambitsa zida: chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, pulasitiki, mitengo yovomerezeka. Mapasel ali ndi kapangidwe kabokosi kokhala ndi nthiti zokhwima, zomwe zimawonjezera kuthekera kwa mbale. Anawazungulira ndi ma balt, guluu, kulumikizana (kumatengera zojambula zomwe wothandizira aliyense ali payekha). Chisindikizo cha nthabwala. Makoma ndi olimba komanso okhazikika. Kusamba kwa kusamba kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kanema wa PVC ndi makulidwe a 0,5-1.5 mm.
Kutengera kukula ndi kapangidwe ka mapanelo (ma module), mawonekedwe a mbale akhoza kukhala makona a B. Kernal), Serden), Sweden, okhaokha pokhapokha atangowerenga pang'ono. 1.5 m (Mertha, Italy, ndi Jean Desjoyaux, France). Kampaniyo idzachita mabasiketi a mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwake.
Pafupifupi magulu onse apaulendo amafunika zokwanira kapena zoyipa. Kuvomerezeka kuchokera ku zosonkhanitsa kumatha kukhala ndi kuzama kwa mtanda wa mbale, kuyambira 1.2 m (kutalika kwa khoma) mpaka 1.8-2. m, komwe ndi koyenera kwa bungwe la mapiri. Zowona, nthaka siyiyenera kukhala yochulukirapo, ndipo chinthu chachikulu ndikuyenera kupezeka pansi pa 3 m, mwina silingaduke pakukondweretsa, koma kukoka makhoma olephera. Lingaliro lopanga kapangidwe kake. Pambuyo kusonkhanitsa makhoma, mpumulo womwe mukufuna umakokedwa ndi dzenje ndi malo otsetsereka. Kenako pansi imatsanulidwa ndi konkriti wa khungu (makulidwe a mzungu - 150mm) mothandizidwa ndi gululi, ndipo makoma akunja pakati pa 100- 300 mm, kutengera ngati amathandizidwa ndi asitikali kapena ayi. Kenako, tengani zosunga (mchenga, mwala wosweka, dothi), ndipo mbale imasindikizidwa ndi filimu, ndipo zidutswa zake zija. Tumikirani matopewo sayenera kukhala ochepera zaka 10-15.
Mawonekedwe a dziwe
Dziwe limakhala ndi magawo awiri: Mbale ndi chitetezo. Loti adapita kukasunga madzi, ndiye kuti, kukhala Hermetic ndikupewanso zinthu zakunja. Njira yachitetezo imayang'anira zopezeka ndi madzi, chiyero chake komanso chitetezo chaukhondo, kuti chitonthoze ndi chisangalalo.Dziwe la Mtima - Kuyika Ndi udindo waukulu pakuchotsa zonyansa za organic ndi makina amagetsi m'madzi. Zimaphatikizanso mphamvu yosefedwa ndi katundu wogwira ntchito ndi pampu yolumikizidwa ndi valavu yomwe imakhazikitsa njira yogwirira ntchito. Kutsegula nthawi zambiri kumafuna mchenga wapadera wa quartz. Zonyansa zonse zimachedwa. Tengani madzi kapena kugwiritsa ntchito basiketi ya kukhetsa (skimmer) mwachindunji kuchokera kusamba, kapena kuchokera ku thanki yosemedwa. Madzi oyeretsedwa amaperekedwa ku mbale kudutsa ma nozzles (zidule kapena nozzles). Ngati mukufuna pakati pa zosefera ndi kubwereranso zopweteka, mutha kukhazikitsa zida zamagetsi, monga ozonizer, nyali ya ultraviolet, malo opaka mankhwala.
NJIRA YABWINO YOLEMBEDWA NDI MALO OGULITSIRA Madzi, kapena kudyetsa madzi otentha, kudyetsa madzi otentha kuchokera pakuwotcha. Kwakumadzulo kusamba ndikupanga kuwala, magetsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito (olumikizidwa kokha kudzera mu ma transformers). Chitetezo cha chitetezo cha chitetezo chimafunikira ma dziwe lonse. Zipangizozi (kupatula zida zokhazikika) zimayikidwa kunja kwa nkhaniyi m'chipinda chaluso.
Ngati ndalama zimaloledwa, mu dziwe mutha kukhazikitsa zida zosangalatsa komanso zosangalatsa. Ma Covertocks (okwera kapena omangidwa) angakuthandizeni pangani mtsinje weniweni wa mbale, pomwe, angatero, mutha kuwonjezera mpweya, ndikupanga osakaniza ndi madzi. Kuphatikiza apo, dziwe lili ndi zida zingapo zosiyidwa ndi masitepe am'munsi, masitepe osiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe, zikwangwani zamadzi, kuponderezana.
Pali njira ziwiri zokonzera madzi mu bwalo "kusamba-kusefukira": Posambira (kusefukira) komanso kutengera kusakaniza kwa madzi ambiri (skimmer).
Poyamba, madzi oyera amalowa mu dziwe kudzera mu trosok yocheperako, makamaka idagawidwa m'derali, ndikupangitsa madzi oyipitsidwa kuti adutse m'mphepete mwa mbale.
M'madziwe otseguka, kuchepa kwa zosakwana 2 m, njira iyi siyikugwiritsidwa ntchito chifukwa cha mtengo waukulu, ngakhale matope a dziwe amawerengedwa kwambiri komanso otchuka.
Mlandu wachiwiri, madzi owonongeka ndi zinyalala amatumizidwa kwa skimmers. Pankhaniyi, galasi lamadzi lili pansi pa mbale ya mbale ndi 100-150mm. Kuchokera pa skimmer, madzi amatumizidwa ku Fyuluta. Madzi am'madzi amakumana nthawi zambiri amakhala moyang'anizana ndi dzenje. Pazidziwe zakunja, njira yowoneka bwino ndi yofunika chifukwa sizikufuna kukhazikitsa kwa pansi, zomwe ndizovuta kuteteza ku mphamvu ya ayezi. Choyipa chachikulu cha njirayi ndikupanga mapangidwe otchedwa osasunthika. Kuipitsa kuwonongeka kumakhala mu kapu ndipo ndi chakudya cha mabakiteriya. Mabasi Ochokera pa 40M3 ngoziyi ndi yoona.
Simenti
Izi zimadziwika kalekale, zoyenera zikhalidwe zilizonse zama hydrogelogicalogicalo ndi nyumba zodula. Masiku ano amadzutsidwa zambiri za kudzikayikira komanso, mwina mothandizidwa ndi malingaliro a Russia, kulemekeza maziko ndi kudalirika. Koma ndi lomaliza, makapu a konkriti sakhala otetezeka nthawi zonse. Kusamba kumatha kuyimirira ndi zaka 50, ndipo kumatha kuyendayenda ndipo zitatha zaka 2-3, omangawo atadziwa zamadzimadzi okha pa zolemba. Mosakayikira osambira bwino, motero ndi kuchuluka kwa mafomu ndi kukula kwake. Chotsani zongopeka za eni ake okhawo omwe amangoyenda mu chikwama chake.
Ntchito yomanga dziwe ili ndi magawo anayi aukadaulo. Uku ndi kukumba m'mphaka (momveka bwino, kupanga zimbale (zomanga zomanga), Kuyenda kwake ndikumaliza, kukhazikitsa zida zomangamanga. Chifukwa chake, ntchito imachitika pamachitidwe a subcosetring, ndiye kuti, ndikutenga nawonso ma brigade. Mikhalidwe imafunikira kuwongolera bwino, motero diso la mbuyeyo likhala ndi njira (ngakhale ngati ma brigades achokera ku kampani ina).
Kotero kuti mbaleyo idalimbana ndi nthaka youndana ndikukula pansi pa ayezi mkati popanda ntracks (pagombe la konkriti). Kukula kwa makoma ndi pansi pa 250-300mm si "chinyengo" cha omanga, koma chosowa chenicheni. Kunja kwa belu lakunja kuyenera kukhala kotalikirana ndi kulowa kwamadzi pansi. Nthawi zambiri, zigawo 1-2 za hydrokhotlozycol zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa izi. Njira sizabwino kwambiri, koma zotsika mtengo kuposa kugwiritsa ntchito zida zogulitsa. Ngati cov ndiyokwera kuposa pansi pa mbale, muyenera kuchita madzi ozungulira dziwe, kapena ngakhale kuzungulira tsambalo.
Mikangano yambiri imachitika m'njira zomaliza komanso zofananira zamkati zamadzi. Malipiro awiri akupikisana: filimu) filimu, nthawi zambiri pvc, 1.5mm yayikulu; b) Zipangizo zophatikizidwa ndi Mose. Kuchokera kusankha njira, ukadaulo wa ntchito zosafunikira, mapangidwe a mbale ndi mtengo womaliza wa beseni ndi wodalirika. Kwenikweni, mkangano umabwera kuzofanana ndi mtundu wanji womwe umakhala wolimba. Kukayika kuti masisiketi amatha kupirira oundadwa oundana kwa oundana kwa maola 10 mpaka 15, akukhulupirira kuti zimangokhala zaka zingapo. Ena amakhulupirira kuti filimuyo idzaongoletsa mwachangu ndi pachimake ndi chisanu ndi kukakamizidwa kudzaza microcracks ndikuzimiririka kwa oxiditers omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito (chlorine, ozone). Kukayikira mbali zonse ziwiri kudalira zenizeni. Koma mosamala, ngati mutsatira kalatayo ya malangizo, ntchito yautumiki wa filimuyo imatha kukulitsidwa zaka 10 mpaka 12, ndipo Mose ndi wokulirapo pang'ono. Kodi ndi ndani okha ku Russia amatsatira chilembo cha Lamulo? Ndikothekanso kukangana kuti mafani a mafilimu omwe amapezeka, ngakhale pali magulu a makasitomala a zimbudzi za Mose amafika 70% (mwachitsanzo, akvaray-Xxipor, "yunifolomu", "yunifolomu".
Tekinoloje filimu ikhoza kukhala yotupa ndi mtengo wotsika. Kupatula apo, izi sizingapangire mbale (amapereka mitundu ya mitundu 10 ndi zojambula), komanso mumadzinyowa kwathunthu kuchokera mkati. Chifukwa chake, ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito konkriti yotsika yopanda madzi (malinga ndi "mpikisano" - mtundu w2, ndipo mukatha kunenepa koloko, mtundu w6). Kuphatikiza apo, mbale yamkati yomwe siyenera kuphimbidwa ndi othandizira mastic, okonda madzi ndi zofuka komanso zochulukirapo, zomwe zimafunikira kwa Mose. Vitoga, vita ya konkriti yokhala ndi makanema okutira ndalama 25-30% otsika mtengo kuposa omangidwa ndi Mose. Zikutanthauza kuti kwa chiwonetsero cha dziwe, mutha kusunga kuchuluka kwa $ 3-4.5.
Ngati mukukonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito filimuyo, muyankhe ndemanga ziwiri. Choyamba, pamakhala kofunikira kuyanjana. Izi zimachepetsa maphunziro pansi pa filimu ya cheke ndi kubereka kwa bowa. Kachiwiri, onetsetsani kuti pali ma acylic wosanjikiza pafilimuyo kuchokera kumwamba. Ndi bactericiden, sizimalola kuti algae akhale m'ma Microvores ndipo imathandizira kuyeretsa kwa zinthuzo. Lero pamsika kuphatikiza pa alkorplan odziwika bwino 2000, Flaggool ndi Efolie adawonekeranso zatsopano. Izi ndi Valmex 9000 (Mehler Haku, Germany), Scanky (Scanthlarp, Finland), SCAARY BLACAL (iCARANCE), Singium). Ambiri aiwo ndi otsika mtengo kuposa alkorplan 2000 kuposa omanga ndipo amasangalala. Koma sikuti zida zonse zimakhala ndi acrylic wosanjikiza acrylic. Osakambirana!
Zinsinsi Zomanga
Chidwi chachikulu ndi ma dziwe lowonongeka - muukadaulo wa kuyika. Kampani iliyonse yomanga imapereka zojambula zake zoyambira zopezeka ndi zochitika zakomweko. Ndi kasitomala, malingaliro awa nthawi zina amawoneka osafunikira, chifukwa kusiyana pakati pa sums komaliza kwa oyendetsa osiyanasiyana amatha kufikira $ 1500. Koma funso lokhudza kuthekera komaliza, komwe kumawonekera kwambiri pazaka zonsezi, nthawi zambiri amawukitsidwa.Ngati dothi lokhazikika ndipo dziwe limakhala lotsika, dziwe limatha kuyikidwa pansi panthaka ndi udzu ndikugwirizanitsa pansi (koma osagwirizana ndi kachiwiri) . Sonkhanitsani monga momwe zimakhalira. Magawo owongoka makoma a makapu okumba nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsidwa ndi malo otsetsereka (ma courcort).
Ngati pali kukayikira zokhudzana ndi chimbudzi, dziwe kapena masheffle, kapena muyikeni mbale yotsimikizika ya konkriti, kapenanso nthawi yomweyo. Kuyamwa kwambiri ndi kukula kwake, mbale yolimba. Pamwamba pake pali zoletsedwa (kupatuka kosaposa 25mm pofika 10 m), kupukusa kwathunthu, kupukutidwa, komanso kukhazikitsidwa, pvc-chipolopolo chimakhala ndi mafilimu. Makoma owongoka a dziwe lokhazikika nthawi zambiri amakulitsidwa ndi makoma othandiza a konkriti kapena njerwa.
Pomaliza, ndi zokolola zambiri, chimodzi mwazolowa zikadali. Woyamba (wa mikhalidwe yayikulu) ndikupanga dongosolo la ngalande: database yotulutsa pansi pa mbale ndi bomba kukhetsa bwino ndi $ 30 ya 1 mp. Njira yachiwiri, ikakhala yodabwitsa kwambiri, - kuthyola mbale wa theka kapena ngakhale kusiya pansi, koma m'malo mwake atha kukhala okhutira ndi kuya pang'ono. Makhoma a dziwe lomedwetsa amatha kulimbikitsidwa mosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, akatswiri a kampaniyo "Akvul" akvapul "amapereka mbale za mtundu uliwonse kuti zitheke kunja kwa chithovu cholimba (5-10mm) ndi khoma la njerwa. Makampani "Ndipo" chizindikiro "chimalimbikitsa kukonkha makhoma ndi osakaniza owuma ndi simenti (chiwerengero cha 8: 1) ndi makulidwe a 100-150m. Wosanjikizayo amawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, pokhazikitsa madzi mumbale ndi pansi panja. Pambuyo polimba kwa osakaniza (patatha milungu itatu), chipolopolo cholimba chimapangidwa, khoma lolimbikitsidwa. Zinsinsi zake ali ndi ambuye a kampani "Tekhinevest - ntchito" ndi "kuthirira". Amakhala makoma a makapu a kutentha kutentha kwa kutentha kwa kutentha ("cholakwika", 20mm), kenako ndikutseka ubongo wa 100mm, kenako ndikudzaza mbale ndi madzi ndi kusefukira kwa Nthaka.
Kukumana ndi mitengo yamtundu wa Mose (molongosoka bwino kwambiri) kumapambana zokongoletsera ndi ukhondo, kusamalira pamwamba ndikosavuta. Ndi mitundu yovuta ya mbale, mossic ndiye yankho lokhalo. Koma pamaso pa kukongoletsa kwake, mbale yamkati iyenera kukhala yowuma bwino. Apa, obwera kumene kumene akhumudwitsidwa pano. Zida za Mose ndipo sizimayiwala kuphwanya ukadaulo, "zikondwerero" kuchokera pa ntchito ya Cis ndi itapatsidwa pachiwopsezo. Akatswiri ochokera ku kampani "Center-Center" Kampaniyo mobwerezabwereza imakhulupirira kuti zolephera zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito zimapangidwa mwa kunyalanyaza kugwiritsa ntchito zida zothandizira. Kupatula apo, pomwe aliyense wosanjikiza, zokutira ziyenera kukhala zokhazikika, zolimba, zosagwirizana ndi kugwedezeka. Gawo loyamba liyenera kukulitsa chivundikiro cha simenti chifukwa cha kukhazikitsidwa kwapadera. Zida zotere zopanda madzi tsopano ndizochulukirapo pamsika. Chinthu chofunikira kwambiri mwa iwo ndi polymer masts. Ena mwa iwo ndi osmoalaal ndi osmoalastistic ab kuchokera ku Indey (Italy), Maperekitirotion ochokera ku Lamrebreg (Ricman), Maxsey), hysey), hyponjismo Alchimica ( Greece), CRARY CR66 kuchokera ku Henkel Bautechnik (Germany), "Hydrothex" kuchokera ku Niizb (Russia).
Mtengo wa matope a konkriti zimatengera zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zovuta za mawonekedwe ndi omanga kampaniyo. Kwa kuwunika kwa zikhumbo zanu, mutha kuyambira pamitengo yotsatirayi: 1M3 ya kuchuluka kwa mbale - $ 400-500 kapena 1M2 ya mbale yamkati - $ 220-350.
Ma dziwe
Caissuns ali m'mavuto ogwirizira madziwe: dothi lotentha, mitengo yayikulu. Kesson ndi chitsulo cha herdetic kapena pulasitiki. Mawonekedwe ake akhoza kukhala ovuta kwambiri, ndipo dziwe limatha kukhala ndi kuya kosintha. Kunja, Causson amatetezedwa ndi zokutira. Kuti muwonjezere chiwongola dzanja, mbaleyi imayikidwa mbale ya konkriti yolimbikitsidwa, imafulumira ndi iyo, ndipo makoma amathiridwa ndi konkriti. Mkati mwa chinyama chazitsulo chimakhala chopatulidwa, chosanyowa komanso chophimbidwa ndi malo ozungulira mossic kapena filimu. Akatswiri ochokera ku Akvaray-Xxi wawunikidwa kapu ya zipinda, mbale yokhazikika (kalasi yolimba (yosakaniza idrobenon (Index) yowonjezera.
Mafuta ophatikizidwa ndi pulasitiki, makamaka, amapanga chimango cha causson ndipo ndi chomaliza. Amakhala olimba ndi osindikizidwa, mawonekedwe ndi miyeso sikuti ndi yotsika kwambiri. Monga matayala achitsulo, amalimbikitsidwa ndi nthiti zoluka za kuuma. Koma, mosiyana ndi chitsulo, pulasitiki samavala, sizitanthauza kuwononga madzi owonjezera komanso opaka. Mukakhazikitsa matayala apulasitiki osefukira ndi malaya a konkriti (mothandizidwa). Kutsanulidwa kumangirizidwa ndi 400-500mm mukadzadzaza mbale mofananamo. Tekinolojeyi yagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino ndi zida za NPF "zachilengedwe" ndi chaka chopondera 'chomaliza chakumadzulo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito polypropylene Czech ndi makulidwe a 10-12mm. Zinthuzo ndizochezeka zachilengedwe, sizimatha ndipo zimakonda kuwononga chisanu ku -50c. Pa mtengo wa 1m2 pulasitiki $ 55 ndi mtengo wa ntchito yopanga pafupifupi 30% ya mtengo wa zinthuzo, dziwe limakhala lotsika mtengo kuposa konkriti. Komabe, chifukwa cha kusiyana kwakukulu mu kutentha kwa malo opangira mzere mzere wa pulasitiki ndi konkriti m'munsi mwa mbale, zovuta zamkati zamkati zitha kuchitika. Monga arazh, momwe angathanirane nawo kwa zaka zambiri, asadayesedwe.
Magawo ena a ma skimmer amakona a skimmer
| Cholimba | Mtundu | Gulu, gawo | Dziwe | Mtengo **, $ | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Malaya | Kukula kwa svg, mm | Kukula, m. | Buku, M3 | |||
| Jean Desjoyaux, France (4) * | "Benjamin" | Polypropylene | 0.251,20.06 | 73,51,2 | 29. | 15100 *** |
| 10. Sweden (3) | "Chizindikiro" | Mtengo Wosachedwa | Palibe deta | 841,44. | 43. | 5260. |
| 15. Canada (15) | "Hydra" | Polyethylene | Palibe deta | 8,54,21.02 | 36. | 6600. |
| "California" | Polystyrene kulimbitsa mphamvu | 11.0.07 | 641.5 | 36. | 10000. | |
| Del, France (6) | "Pelican" | Chitsulo ndi zinc-aluminium yophimba "galfan" | 11,060,07 | 94,51.06 | 41. | 12500 *** |
| Dziwe la Myrtha, Italy | "Mirta" | Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chokonzedwa PVC | 0.151.2-30.05 | 431.5 | khumi zisanu ndi zitatu | 570.(1 pt. M) |
| KRulland, Germany | Ngamipolo | Dracial kawiri ndi mafuta othandizira | Palibe deta | 641.5 | 36. | 14000. |
| B.CKNN, Germany | "Milan" | Polyethylene | 11.50.06 | 741.5 | 42. | 6200. |
* - m'mabakaki - kuchuluka kwa mitundu yoperekedwa ndi kampani; ** - Mbale yokha, kupatula milandu yomwe yatchulidwa; *** - mbale ndi zida ndi kukhazikitsa, popanda zomangamanga
Magawo ena osungirako otuwa
| Cholimba | Mndandanda, Marko. | Mawonekedwe | Kukula, M. | Buku, M3 | Mtengo, $ | Zindikirani |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UPIOOL, Germany (3) * | "Banja" (14) ** | Chozungulira | 51.5 | makumi atatu | 1400. | Malo aliwonse: Pamwamba, theka la miyendo, yoyikidwa |
| Dziwe lamtsogolo, Germany (4) | "Svim" (18) | Chozungulira | 841.5 | 40. | 3080. | Yoyikidwa ndi zosefera |
| KRulland, Germany (4) | Bauka-100 (31) | Chozungulira | 531.5 | 22.5 | 3100. | Makoma okwera, kuya - mpaka 2 m |
| B. Kern, Germany (4) | Riva-c (15) | Zisanu ndi zitatu | 7,74,61,2 | 36. | 2600. | Malo aliwonse |
| D WOOL, Germany (5) | "Bari" (12) | Chozungulira | 81.5 | 75. | 2400. | Malo aliwonse |
| Madziwe a Atlantic, Canada (4) | Espit-yayikulu (7) | Chozungulira | 7,33,71,35 | 31. | 1840. | Ndi zosefera |
| Gre, Spain (2) | "Cla / PR" (5) | Chozungulira | 5,51,2 | 26. | 1150. | Ndi zosefera |
| Swit'n Sewerani, Spain (5) | CN (2) | Chozungulira | 7,33,71,2 | 28. | 2430. | Ndi zosefera |
| 4 Dziwe la Hobby, Germany (4) | "Elba" (8) | Zisanu ndi zitatu | 8,55551,2 | 39. | 2450. | Malo aliwonse |
| Miyoni, United States (6) | "EspAPAD" -S 23 | Chozungulira | 7,34,61,32. | 44. | 3510. | Ndi zosefera |
| 2 delair gulu llc, USA (2) | "Patriot" (5) | Chozungulira | 6,41.32 | 40. | 3440. | Ndi zosefera |
| Yugue, Canada (2) | Kupeza (8) | Chozungulira | 7,321,32. | 55. | Palibe deta | Ndi zosefera |
* - Chiwerengero cha episodes (zilembo) zoperekedwa ndi kampani; ** - Chiwerengero cha kukula mu mndandanda uno (mtundu)
Kuchokera kusamba mpaka dziwe (mafilimu)
Kupuma moyo mu kusamba kwa dziwe, muyenera kulumikiza kukhazikitsa. Ambiri mwa iwo. Norfiever sing'anga ndi Quartz mchenga kapena zigawo zamchenga, miyala ndi hydroanthtimate. Backfill imayeretsa nthawi ndi nthawi yochotsa madzi osinthika, omwe amayenera kutsegulidwa mu chimbudzi. Pambuyo zaka 2-3, mchenga kumalowa zatsopano. Mbale zotere komanso zigawo zikuluzikulu zimaperekedwa kwa makampani oposa 12: KRurland, Benke, Dinotec, Atgium), a Ardium), KHRANSWE (RETOL), ndi zina zambiri mitundu yofunsidwa makumi, ndi kukula - kuposa zana. Ngati kukhazikitsa sikunatichotsere mu mbale ya dziwe, muyenera kusankha nokha kapena kumvetsera zomwe kampani imapereka.Malo omwe kusankha posankha ndi kufunikira kwa chitetezo chaukhachi: m'madziwe akunja, madzi ayenera kutsukidwa katatu patsiku. Chifukwa chake, kudziwa kukhazikitsa kofunikira, kuchuluka kwa mbale kumafunikira kuti muchulukane ndi atatu ndikugawidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa maola ambiri patsiku. Zomaliza, monga momwe zasonyezera, zimatha kutengedwa ngati 15 (maola 10 usiku ndi maola 5 masana). Ndiye kuti, muyenera kuyatsa kukhazikika kawiri, komwe kumakhala koleza mtima. Tsopano formula ndiyosavuta kukumbukira: voliyumu ya mbale imagawidwa ndi 5, zotsatira zake zingawonetse magwiridwe antchito a VM3 / H. Ngati tigawa 6, ndiye kuti kukhazikitsa kudzakhala "kotayirira", komanso zotsika mtengo, koma m'masiku a alendo achilendo ziyenera kugwira ntchito nthawi yayitali. Ngakhale palibe amene amagwiritsa ntchito dziwe, zosefera ziyenera kugwira ntchito osachepera maola 4 patsiku.
Koma tanthauzo la magwiridwe ndi theka kumapeto. Funsani wogulitsa zomwe mtundu womwe mukufuna uli ndi liwiro mwadzidzidzi. Siziyenera kupitirira 50m / (FM2). Ngati zochulukirapo - madzi amatulutsa mchenga msanga ndipo dothi silichedwa. Malangizo onsewa ndi awa: Wakukulu wazomwe amasefukira (Inde, ndi ntchito yofunikira), yabwinoko, koma mtengo wokulirapo wa magetsi ndi mtengo wokwanira. Pofotokoza izi: Pa dziwe lokhala ndi voliyumu ya 40m3 yotsika mtengo kuchokera pa $ 700-1200. Omwe ali olemetsa Magazi Safa, makampani amapereka zida zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira pa ma electroxacal nthawi kuti athetse ma pampu ($ 60) ndi mayunitsi a $ 500).
Mu kope
Kwa beseni la kuchuluka kwa pafupifupi 40m3 (mwachitsanzo, kukula kwa 841.2 m), konkriti kumadyedwa pamlingo wa 1.35m3 pa kuchuluka kwa 1.35m3 pa sikisi ya ma 1.35m3 pa sikiti ya 1.35m3 pa sikisi ya 1.35m3 pa kuchuluka kwa 1.35m3 pamlingo wa ma 1.35m3 pa sikisi ya 1.35m3 pa sikisi ya 1.35m3 pa sikisi ya 1.35m3 pa sikisi ya 1.35m3 pa kuchuluka kwa 1.35m3 pa sikisi ya 1.35m3 pa sikisi ya 1.35m3 pa kuchuluka kwa 1.35m3 pa sikisi ya 1.35m3 pa sikisi ya 1.35m3 pa sikisi ya 1,35m Kuchulukitsa kwa malo adziko lapansi nthawi zambiri kumakhala 2-2.5 nthawi zambiri voliyumu. Mtengo wa iwo umatsimikiziridwa pamlingo wa $ 10-12 pa voliyumu ya 1M2 ya Dzenje lakufukulidwa m'mabuku komanso kutuluka kwa nthaka. Ngati mukukwanitsa kuyambitsa zida zowombera pamalopo, pafupifupi pafupifupi chotsika mtengo kukumba pitani. Manambalawa ndi mawu okhawo omwe amangotchulidwa, chifukwa kusintha kwa msika wa ntchito poyankha kusinthasintha pakusamukira kumaso.
Retrorta alchemist
Kuti mupeze dziwe kuchokera ku gwero la chisangalalo ndi thanzi kukhala mu seiseman wa matendawa, ndikofunikira kuchititsa kuti chiyeretso chamadzi. Kupatula apo, kusamba kamodzi kwa mphindi 30 "amapatsa" madzi 30000 tizilombo. Wopanga mawonekedwe a mafuta, thukuta, urea, epithelium, mafuta, masamba, masamba, komanso zakudya zambiri kwa mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana, bowa ndi algae. Popanda kuyeretsa koyenera kwa khoma la dziwe mwachangu mwachangu ndi ntchofu, mapiritsi amadzi. Chemistry akutiululira pano. Pali mitundu inayi yamadzi a mankhwala: Disinction, ph hydrogen, chiwonongeko cha algae ndi kuwonongeka kwa matenda (coagulation). Mankhwala ambiri amaperekedwa chifukwa cha izi. Mutha kungogwiritsa ntchito malinga ndi malangizowo motsatira malangizo, mutakambirana ndi katswiri. Pakadali pano, kudziletsa.Diational. Pofuna kuthira matenda, yankho lalikulu la lero ndi chlorine. Kuyambitsidwa kumapangidwa mukasungunuka chlorine-okhala ndi mankhwala omwe amagulitsidwa mu mawonekedwe amadzimadzi, mapiritsi kapena magalamu. Zomwe zili zaulere (zokonzeka nthawi yomweyo "kuponya" kukhala ma microorganisms) chlorine iyenera kusungidwa mkati mwa 0,5-0.6 mg / l, ndi pang'ono, mpaka 0.3 mg / l. Idzakhala yayikulu - yovulaza mucous nembanemba ndi munthu wachikopa, osapindula pang'ono. Pambuyo pa mlandu uliwonse wa kuipitsidwa kwamphamvu (kuchuluka, mvula, chimphepo, chosasamalira masiku opitilira atatu) ndikofunikira kukwaniritsa zomwe zimatchedwa kuti zotchedwa kukhumudwa kwambiri ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo ambiri. Agotum kapena kuyembekezera maola 12 mpaka pomwe chlorine mafikidwe owonjezera, kapena onjezerani mapiritsi apadera mu maola 2-3 kuti athetse chlorine.
Kuphatikiza pa chlorine, mankhwala ena ophera tizilombo angagwiritsidwe ntchito: mpweya wabwino, a bromine, ayodini, ozoni. Pautumba sakupirira (mwachitsanzo, enanso a algae amazolowera mlingo wa chlorine, ndipo mikangano ina ndi ma cysviolet sizikupanga nthawi yochepa), ultrasound, kapena kuphatikiza njira zosiyanasiyana zopewera thupi.
PH Control. Microorganisms sanapangidwe, ndipo chlorine amachita bwino kwambiri nthawi ya PH ya 7.2-7.6 ndiyovomerezeka. PH Yowonjezera Ph m'madzi imachepetsa zomwe zili pa chlorine waulere, kuyika ungwiro. Aesley ndiwovuta, ndiye kuti pali laimu kutsekera pamakoma a mbale ndi mu fyuluta. Zocheperako Ph, zoipitsitsa mabakiteriya, komanso zida zimawonongeka. Amasintha phzo zokha, monga kuwonongeka kwa organic motsogozedwa ndi zochita za chlorine. Kuti musunge PH m'malire omwe mukufuna, ziyenera kuwonjezera mankhwala oyenera ("PH-Plus Plus" kapena "PH-Minus"). Ndibwino kuti kuyesa zida ndi zida zopangira zamankhwala pazakudya zilizonse zoyandama ($ 50) kwa eni ake omwe ali ndi eni ake omwe ali ndi vuto lililonse ($ 2000-6000).
Algae amawonongedwa mu kapu mothandizidwa ndi gulu la magulu a Agidede. Zowonongeka za algae ndi yaying'ono ya algae, ndikupereka madzi nyama kapena "mkaka", umachotsedwa powonjezera coagulants kwa icho. Amatulutsa "tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayambitsa makoma akulu, omwe kuchokera pansi ndi makoma amatengedwa ndi zoyeretsa zapansi pazachuma ndipo amabwezeretsedwanso mu chimbudzi, ndipo adakhazikika mu Fyuluta.
Ndalama zomanga matooni a konkriti okhala ndi mbale ya rectangular (zitsanzo)
| Mtengo wankhani | Mtengo, $ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| imodzi * | 2 ** | 3 ** | anayi *** | zisanu **** | |
| Mosic | Mosic | Filimu | Filimu | Tale | |
| Kuyanika chisamaliro ndi kunja kwa dothi ***** | 1140. | 1224. | 1224. | 1100. | 1230. |
| Ntchito yomanga (polojekiti, zida, ntchito) | 7000. | 10137. | 10137. | 4594. | 8380. |
| Mphepo yamkati yamkati: | |||||
| a) Zipangizo | 1200. | 1380. | - | - | |
| b) ntchito | 520. | 1350. | - | - | |
| Zonse | 1720. | 2740. | - | - | 1700. |
| Kuyang'ana mbale: | |||||
| a) Zipangizo | 2535. | 2638. | 2006. | 3588. | |
| b) ntchito | 1040. | 1700. | 905. | 2116. | |
| Zonse | 3575. | 4338. | 2911. | 5700. | 3730. |
| Ntchito Zonse Zomanga | 13435. | 18439. | 14272. | 11404. | 15040. |
| Zida za dziwe: | |||||
| a) Zida zosefera, kutentha, kuyika madeti, kuyeretsa, kuyatsa ndi masitepe | 4184 * | 4184 * | 4293 * | 3855. | |
| b) kukwera | 837 * | 837 * | 859 * | 1371. | |
| Zonse | 5021. | 5021. | 5152. | 5226. | 4100. |
| Zonse pa dziwe | 18456. | 23460. | 19424. | 16630. | 19140. |
* - Malinga ndi kampani "Inch" ya dziwe 741.5 m, voliyumu 42m3
** - Malinga ndi kampani "COSTK" ya dziwe 841.5 m, 48m3 voliyumu
*** - Malinga ndi kampani "imalumikizana" ya dziwe 831.6 m, voliyumu ndi 38m3
**** - Malinga ndi kampani "Akvapul" ya dziwe 741.65 m, voliyumu ndi 46m3
***** - - Chidziwitso chofanizira kutengera kuchuluka kwa $ 12 kwa 1m3
Maphunziro a Geometry
Pambuyo pa mafunso akuluakulu okhudzana ndi nthaka, mapiri ndi ma dumm mathi amadzi afotokozeredwera, vuto la kusankha malo a dziwe limathetsedwa ndi malingaliro wamba. Malowa amafunikira otetezedwa, otetezedwa ndi mphepo, palibe pafupi kwambiri kuposa 5 M kuchokera ku korona wa mitengo. Kufikira pafupi 2 m musachite. Pakati pa nyumba ndi dziwe, mtunda uyenera kukhala osachepera kutalika kwa nyumbayo. Ikani mzere wautali wa mbale zosazungulira poyerekeza ndi maluwa. Ponena za mawonekedwe, kukula ndi kuya kwa dziwe, kenako - malinga ndi mwambi: "Kwa amene mutu wake, koma, mwina, kutsuka kulikonse iyenera kukhala ndi magawo osachepera 4m2 agalasi yamadzi; Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuya kwa 1.5 m, mtengo wa mbale ndi opareshoni ya dziwe limawonjezeka kwambiri.Koma izi ndi zomwe zimafunika kuganiza mosamala, ndiye malo ndi kapangidwe ka chipinda chaluso ndi zida zokonza dziwe. Apa likhala kukhazikitsa kusefa, malo otentha amoto, chipangizo chokhacho chokha cha dosing mankhwala ndi kutanthauzira kumasungidwa. Ndikotheka chida chosungira chotetezera, chamadzi oyeretsa chamadzi pansi pa ma hope, hoses, ndikuyikatu, mabulosi ndi mankhwala osiyana. Ngati kukhetsedwa, kusamba, garaja, ayenera kubwezeretsedwanso pansi pa nyumbayo, sayenera kukhala yoposa 15 m kuchokera ku mbale, mtengo wa kupopa madzi kumawonjezeka. Chipinda chosiyana chimatha kukhala ndi mapangidwe osavuta kwambiri ndipo ngati chingateteze zida ku mvula ndi fumbi, silinayandikire kuposa 3.5 m kuchokera ku khoma la mbale ndipo sanawononge mawonekedwe a Whel.
Komabe, nthawi zambiri chipinda choterechi chili ndi dothi lotseguka, limatsekeka kwambiri pamwamba komanso lomwe lili ndi hatch. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuti pali kuwala, mpweya wabwino umangokhetsa ngalande kapena ma network ngati kusefukira. Chipatala, dzenje loterolo lili pafupi ndi khoma la mbale. Chifukwa chake, inde, otsika mtengo, komanso owopsa. Uku ndikuphwanya kowonekeratu kwa zofunikira za IEC (Intery Ectroctrotechnical Commission) pansi pa 702 "Matamba osambira".
Mosasamala kanthu za kapangidwe ka chipinda chaluso, zofunika zina zachitetezo ziyenera kutsatiridwa. Kukhazikitsa kwa makoma achitsulo a mbale ndi madera otseguka a zida zamagetsi omwe amagwira ntchito pamwamba pa magetsi pamwamba pa 24 V. Chitetezo chodzitchinjiriza ndi chida chodzitchinjiriza (uzo) uyenera kukhazikitsidwa kunja kwa chipinda chomwe chimapangidwa ndi zida zamagetsi yaikidwa. Kuti mapaikiloniwo sanawononge madzi owundana, amafunika kupereka sludge kuti akweretse ndi kuphatikiza kwa madera posungira nthawi yachisanu. Onetsetsani kuti omangawo akuwonetseni kuti ndi komwe amawunikira, mu dongosolo liti, momwe mapaipiwo alibe, kuyambira pa mbale ndikumaliza maula. Kupatula apo, tsiku lina muyenera kuchita zonse.
Kusunga nthawi yozizira
Akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti dziwe lakunja (kupatula nyengo), ngakhale mtundu wa mbale, uyenera kusiyidwa nyengo yachisanu ndi madzi. Mbale zokongoletsera zokha zokha zokongoletsedwa ndi malo azoic kapena tile titha kutsanulidwa kwathunthu ngati dothi limasefa ndi cov ndi otsika kuposa 3 m.
Njira yotetezera siyitsitsidwa, koma yovuta kwambiri. Ndikofunikira kuti mupindule bwino madzi, yeretsani kusamba kuchoka pa utoto ndi dothi, natsukanso m'madzi ndikusakaniza malo osungika, rocrorouf (B. Kern). Zimalepheretsa kukula ndi mpweya wa algae, kuipitsidwa ndi mbale za mandimu ndikuthandizira kuyeretsa kwa makoma ndi pansi pa kasupe. Kudya ndi pafupifupi 0,5 malita pa madzi 10m3. Pambuyo pake, gawo la madzi limatha kwa 5-10 cm m'munsi mwa nozzles ndikuchotsa chiwonetsero cha malo owoneka ndi kuipitsidwa, ngati alipo. Chotsani madzi m'mapaipi (kuthira, kutsukidwa, ndikupukuta pampu ya fyuluta. Ngati ndi kotheka (ndi mwina), mapaipi amagawidwa m'magawo, oyera ndikuchotsa kusungira. Kenako sakanizani ndikusunga Fyuluta. Mabowo a skimmer, nozzles, komanso zitsamba za malo owoneka ndi mapilogalamuwo. Kulowetsa kwa dziwe kumapangitsa kuti ayezi oundana. Itha kukhala m'matumba opanda pulasitiki opanda kanthu, zipinda zapamwamba zapamwamba kapena matiresi osavomerezeka. Kuchuluka kwawo kumatsimikiziridwa kuwerengera: kuchuluka kwa ndalama zonse ndi 0,5% ya kuchuluka kwa mbale. Komnsnsvator amangirira katundu mu mawonekedwe a phukusi ndi mchenga. Ndipo pamapeto pake, muyenera kuchotsa masitepe ochotsa masitepewo ndikuphimba mbale ya nyengo yozizira.
Imakhalabe yodikirira nyengo yozizira idatsikira ndikuyamba nyengo yachilimwe kuti iyambe kusangalala ndi zofunda zamadzi ndi zotsekemera za dzuwa. Tchuthi chosangalatsa!
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