Mwachidule pamsika wa zitseko zolowera: Zofunikira zoyambira pazitseko zamakono, zotuluka "zamkati", mikhalidwe ya zitseko za opanga ena, mitengo.
Mapangidwe a chimango ndipo bokosi la zitseko zopangidwa ndi chitoliro cha makona akona (moden "mipiringidzo yochepera"):
1. Chithovu
2. Kupanga kumanga
3. nyumba
4. Chitetezo cha Hing-chochotseredwa
5. Kutentha kwamkati ndi kumveka
6. pepala lakunja
7. Mapeto panja
8. Kuteteza Mnesis Mnzake
9. Loop
10. Zinthu zamphamvu zamkati
11. Mbiri yokonzekera malock
Matanda osokonekera mafuta
Kuphatikiza pa nyumba yachifumu, chitseko chilichonse sichingalepheretse valavu yotseka
Kongoletsani mawonekedwe a mnyumbalo, gawo lachiwiri lofunikira pakhomo lakutsogolo
Msika wa zitseko za khomo adayamba kukula kumapeto kwa 80s-oyambirira a 90s, pomwe funso lachitetezo m'gulu la "mosiyana lidachitika" kuvuta kwambiri. Masiku ano, kupanga zinthu izi kumachitika m'magulu akulu onse omwe amagulitsa katundu mpaka patatha zinthu 300 pamwezi ndi angelo ang'onoang'ono. Ndipo mtengo wazomwe zimachitika zimasiyana ndi $ 100 mpaka $ 1500 ndi pamwambapa
Talemba zofunikira zomwe zitseko zamakono ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa:
- kuthekera kuteteza kukhazikika kwa mwayi wosaloledwa;
- Kutha kuthana ndi zinthu zoyipa komanso kutsatira phokoso laphokoso, ndiye kuti "kupitiriza kwa khoma";
- zokongola; Zosavuta komanso kudalirika.
Kalasi yayikulu, molingana ndi komwe lero zikutsimikiziridwa ndi zitseko zapakhomo, - R 51072-97, imatchedwa "oteteza ukadaulo. Muyezo uwu umagwira ntchito ku zatsopano, zosasinthika ndi zotuluka kunja. Kukana khomo kuwonongeka kumatsimikiziridwa ndikuyesedwa, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zoyenera, zamagetsi, kutentha, zogawanika, zogawanika. Poyesa, wopangayo amapereka mwatsatanetsatane ukadaulo wambiri ndi zojambulazo, komanso zitsanzo zosankhidwa. Yesani pa msonkhanowu umasankha nthawi yomwe chitseko ndi chotseguka pang'ono kapena lotseguka kwathunthu mukamagwiritsa ntchito zida zina. Kenako, nthawi yoyesa imachulukitsidwa ndi chitsimikiziro chachikulu kwambiri komanso kuchuluka kwa zinthu zoyambira zogwiritsidwa ntchito zimawonjezeredwa pazinthu izi. Zotsatira zake ndi kufunika kokana kusokoneza ndipo chitseko mugawire kalasi yoyenera.
Mpaka kumapeto kwa 90s ku Europe, kunalibe dongosolo lalikulu la chitsimikizo (kukhazikika) kwa zitseko, koma mu 1999. Kwa mayiko ena, zachitika. Miyezo yatsopano yomwe Uninal Unian, Malamulo a Austria, Chijeremani ndi Chijeremani amatchedwa Env 1627-1630 ndikulowa mwamphamvu kuchokera ku 2000. Kulumikizana ndi iwo kumachitika pamakonzedwe a 3wo, ndipo zitseko zomwezo zimagawika m'magulu 6 oba (makalasi awa amafotokozedwa, monga mu alendo aku Russia, mitundu ya zida zosakhalitsa). Kuphatikiza pa mtundu wa manambala, makalasiwa adakali ndi zilembo (a, B, C, e). Ndipo kalasi yoyamba ya kalatayo siyipatsidwa, popeza imanenanso zitseko zamkati mwa mkati ndi loko. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyesayesa kofikira. Kulimbikitsidwa ndipo e atumizidwa ku zinthu za mabungwe a Banking. Chimodzi mwazomwe chikalata chatsopano chinali wotchuka wotchuka ku Italiya Uni9569, womwe udawonekera mu 1989.
Tanthauzo la GOST R 51072-97
Khomo loteteza limakhala lolimbana ndi chida choletsa chokhala ndi chitseko cha khomo ndi nsalu yokhazikika pa intaneti. Maudindo okwera amakhala m'bokosi pogwiritsa ntchito chida chokhoma kapena makina otsetsereka omwe amafanana ndi zida zocheperako kuti zisakanitse zitseko za zitseko zomwe zili mu 50862).Njira yotseka ndi gawo la zida zonse zotsekera komanso zinthu zomwe magetsi (Bollards, Casov, etc.), kupereka zitseko.
Kubera khomo, cholinga cha kusokoneza ukwati kapena zinthu za nyumba zake kuti zitheke kapena zokwanira kufika pofikira malo omwe amatetezedwa.
Kutsutsa kuthekera kwa chitseko chokana kumenyedwa, komwe kumafotokozedwa mu mawonekedwe a EU.
Kufikira pang'ono kumachitika chifukwa chomenyedwa ndi gawo la mayeso oyeserera okhazikika mu malo amkati mwa chipinda chotetezedwa.
Kufikira kwathunthu, ndikuchotsa chitseko, kutsegula chitseko ndi kupinga kwa 300mm.
Ndikofunikira kutsindika kuti makalasi otetezedwa omwe amafotokozedwa ndi miyezo yakumadzulo samagwirizana kwathunthu ndi Russian chifukwa cha kusiyana komwe kumachitika njira yoyesera.
Masiku ano, mafayilo ochepa omwe ali panyumba ndi ogulitsa opanga kunja amavomerezedwa ndi zinthu zawo, ngakhale izi ndi nkhani ya madola chikwi chimodzi (chakudya chambiri cha zitsanzo za zitseko zosiyanasiyana). Chowonadi ndi chakuti chiphaso choyenera pakhomo sichimafuna malamulo, kukhazikitsa kwake ndi kwaufulu. Ogulitsa ambiri, amalankhula za zinthu zomwe akufuna, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimasokoneza chitsimikizo cha zopangidwazo (kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo) ndi chitsimikizo chazogulitsa motere. Chitsimikiziro cha ku Universal chilengedwe chingalole wogula aliyense kuti asasunthe mosavuta pamsika ndipo musanayambe kugula pa intaneti, kudalira gawo lokhazikitsa, kalasi yazogulitsa, kapangidwe kake, ndipo Zoterezi.
Kuphatikiza pa alendo, pakhomo ngati gawo la nyumbayo, miyezo yomanga ndi malamulo amagawidwa (kutsitsa). Nthawi zambiri, malowa ndi ochepa 2m2. Ion, ngati khoma, ayenera kuteteza chipindacho ku chozizira, phokoso ndi zolembera. Dziwani Kuti Pali Malamulo a Kuchulukitsa, kupumula ndi kutentha kwake, komwe kumayenera kugulidwa ndi zitseko zogulidwa.
Pa zitseko zolowera, zowonekera za mpweya zimapatsidwa phindu la GNN (kg / (m2h)) ndipo sapsera 1.5. Mndandanda wa mawu osokoneza bongo sangathe kukhala osakwana 30 DB. Zizindikirozi zikuyenera kulembedwa mu Chikalata chogwirizana ndi chitseko cha ogulitsidwa, ngati chitsimikizidwe chokwanira. Ponena za kusamukira kutentha, mtengo wake umafotokozedwa ngati mtengo wofanana ndi 0.6 kuchokera ku khoma lolimbana ndi chizindikiro chomwe chitseko chimayikidwa.
Zosangalatsa za mawonekedwe a chitseko, kutonthoza ndiko magawo a ogwiritsira ntchito chifukwa chake sakuyendetsedwa. Kudalirika kwa ntchito ya maloko ndipo khomo kumawonekera mu maupangiri a wopanga kapena, monga njira, m'Chilamulo chotetezedwa kwa ogula.
Masiku ano, ogula ambiri aku Russia amayang'ana pa zitseko zachitsulo ndipo, osachepera, okhala ndi mabwalo awiri. Ngati muweruza pa lingaliro la msika wa Moscow, kuphatikiza pa opanga zapakhomo, theka labwino la Europe amasamalira chitetezo chathu. Omwe aofers amatsutsana kwambiri kotero kuti sakuthandizani kungotumiza zitseko, koma kuzolowera zochitika zathu za nyengo yathu komanso maluso athu "ankhondo" athu "ndi nyumba" zathu ".
Malinga ndi mtundu wa magwiridwe antchito, zinthu zina zimasiyana pang'ono kuchokera kudziko lina - zotumizidwa kunja, zinthu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zinthu zomwezo zamakono zokhala kunja ndi zamakono zimagwiritsidwa ntchito panja. Kuphatikiza apo, pali zitseko "za msonkhano waku Russia (tinene, mitundu ina ya mtundu wa mul-T-Lock). Zogulitsa zapakhomo zimapangidwa, monga lamulo, pansi pa mawonekedwe a munthu wotseguka. Zitseko zaku Russia nthawi zambiri zimatumizidwa. Nthawi zambiri, izi zimachitika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito pepala louma pamapangidwe (monga lamulo, makalasi ojambula ali pachinthu). Zogulitsa zaku Russia ndizowoneka bwino pa chiwerengero cha "mtengo-wamtengo wapatali", amakwaniritsa zofuna zamisala ndipo zimangogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira zingapo zopangira zakunja, komanso m'malo osiyanasiyana, opanga komanso njira zaukadaulo.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kapangidwe kokongoletsa zitseko zokongoletsera
| Mtundu wa kapangidwe kokongoletsa | Ulemu | Zowopsa |
|---|---|---|
| Utoto wa ufa wa zitsulo zakunja kapena zokutidwa ndi filimu yake ya PVC | Mwachuma, osagwirizana ndi mlengalenga | Kusakwanira mawu; Kuti musinthe mawonekedwe ake ndipo mawonekedwe ake obwera pambuyo pake amafunikira pepala lakunja ndi makulidwe osachepera 2.5mm |
| Wosalala wa MDF, pulasitiki | Kuvala kwambiri kukana ndi kusokonekera kwakukulu, kusankha kwakukulu kwa mitundu ndi kapangidwe kake, kukana nyengo | Kuyang'ana koyambirira (gawo lotsatira pambuyo pa khomo lamphamvu la vinyl-khungu ndi mabatani) |
| MDF mbale yokhala ndi makina a CNC pa Makina a CNC, yomwe ili ndi filimu ya PVC | Maganizo olimbitsa thupi, kuvala bwino kukana ndikuwonetsa zizindikiro, kusankha kwakukulu kapangidwe ndi mipata ya mphete, kuthengo kwa nyengo, kukana nyengo | Mtengo ndi 30-40% kuposa momwe amapitira masamba ofunda a MDF |
| MDF ndi mphero pa makina a CNC penti ndi examels | Mitundu yolimba komanso yolemera, kusankha kwakukulu kwa zojambula ndi mitundu, kuphatikizapo zotupa zazitsulo, kumveka bwino kwambiri, kukana nyengo | Mtengo ndi 50-100% kuposa momwe amalumikizira masamba a pulasitiki a MDF |
| Mbale yosalala, veneer veneer yokhala ndi zojambula za mphero pa Makina a CNC | Malingaliro Owoneka bwino, Kukhazikika Kwabwino | Maonekedwe ake amawonongeka kwambiri chifukwa chakuti kapangidwe ka MDF imawoneka m'mayendedwe a mphero |
| Ma Panels a MDF, Veneer Veneer | Kusankha kwakukulu kwa zothetsera; Mapulogalamu amkati a zipata apakhomo amatha kuchitidwa mokwanira zitseko zoyembekezera; Zabwino zomveka | Palibe chitsimikizo cha nyengo; Mtengo umodzi- $ 200-300 |
| Panels Panels kuchokera ku mitengo ya 100% ya mtengo wopatsa thanzi | Mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, kusankha kwakukulu kwa zothetsera; Zabwino zomveka | Mtengo Wapamwamba (gulu lochokera ku Oak - $ 250-600); Mndandanda wamatabwa ndi "zokongola", ndipo palibe amene angapereke chitsimikizo kuti mtsogolomo pagawoli silikuphwanya (makamaka pambuyo pa chitsimikizo cha chitsimikizo pakhomo) |
Khomo la Anatomy
Malinga ndi ukadaulo wa ntchito zomanga mphamvu, zitseko zonse zitha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu:- Ndi bokosi ndi chimango, chopangidwa kuchokera ku mbiri yocheperako kapena yozizira (onse ophatikizidwa (onse omwe amatumiza) ndi Russian).
- Ndi bokosi ndi chimango kuchokera pa chitoliro cham'madzi.
- M'mapangidwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso mbiri yopindika (kapena yozizira), komanso chubu wamba.
Mawonekedwe a mbiriyo amawona kulimba mtima ndi kukhazikika kwa kapangidwe kake. Kuuma kwakukulu kwakhala "kotsekedwa". Mwachitsanzo, mabulosi osakayikira kwambiri, olimba kwambiri, magulu awiri ophatikizika, ndiye kuti, ngodya; Makona awiri ophatikizidwa amapereka chitoliro cha makona ophatikizira (ato ndi mbiri yotsekedwa), yomwe imawonjezeranso kukana kubzala. Zovuta kwambiri mawonekedwe a geometric mawonekedwe a mbiri yakale, magawo otsekedwa, olimba ndi omanga olimba, omwe amapangidwa. Chepetsani kukhazikika kwamitundu yolimbana ndi malowa (kusema pakhomo la chitseko ndi m'bokosi). Kuyang'ana kukula kwa gawo la gawo liyeneranso kukhala ndendende chifukwa cha maloko ena, makulidwe akumizidwe akuwononga. Kugwiritsa ntchito mafayilo ophatikizika kapena ozizira kumalola chitseko chosavuta, chokhala ndi mfundo zochepa. Zimakhala bwino komanso zopanga zopanga.
Pamapeto omalizidwa pakhomo la khomo ndi mbali imodzi kapena mbali zonse ziwiri, ma sheel a chinthucho amawombedwa. Pokhala ndi zida zopangidwa bwino, ukadaulo wopita patsogolo kwambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito: chitseko chimapangidwa kuchokera pa pepala lachitsulo lozizira, m'mphepete mwake zomwe zili ndi mphamvu kuti mphamvu ndi khomo lokhala ndi gawo limodzi Opanga ogulitsa ali panjira. Mphamvu yamagetsi imathandizidwa ndi nthiti zokhwima ndipo zimadzazidwa ndi zosemphana ndi kutentha (ubweya wa michere kapena foalad polyurethane). Chimango cha Xylovoy chimayikiridwa bokosi kapena mbale kuteteza nyumba yachifumu (apa njira yabwino kwambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zazitali za mangonese). Zinthu zosewerera zimagwira ntchito yamphamvu komanso mafuta othandizira. Minvata ndi Fouttd Polyirethane iyenera kukhala yowomba moto (kupatula kusankha kwa poizoni kuti 800c ndi kutentha).
Malonjezo - chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakupanga chitseko cha khomo, pamlingo wa chinsinsi chawo komanso kukana kuphwanya 90% zimatengera zoimba zake. Maloko omwe amakonda omwe amapereka malo otsetsereka owonjezera chifukwa cha zomwe zidasinthidwa kutetezedwa kuti zigule ndikugogoda. Rigels iyenera kusunthidwa pansi pa njira yofunikira kwathunthu. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala ndi mtima komanso zinyalala sizivomerezeka kuti zikhale zovomerezeka. Akatswiri amalimbikitsa kukhazikitsa. Invalog ya opanga Italiya, amawonetsedwa kukhala gulu lotetezeka "lotetezeka". Mwambiri, maselo - mutu wa kukambirana mwatsatanetsatane, motero tidzawauza za nkhani ina ya chipinda chino.
Chitseko chimatha kukhala ndi chimodzi kapena ziwiri zomwe zimafika (njira yabwino kwambiri ndikuwuluka kawiri), zimakhala ndi zingwe zoletsa zoletsa (zikhomo). Mutha kupachika chitseko cha malupu awiri kapena kupitilira apo. Kukhazikitsa kwa malupu oposa awiri omwe amafunsidwa ndi zofuna za msika m'malo mwaukadaulo (malingana ndi nthumwi zamakampani ena, "izi ndizotsatsa zomwe zikuyenda bwino kuposa momwe"). Kuphatikiza apo, mabungwe payekha amatenga ndalama zambiri powonjezera phazi lamiyendo yachitatu. Malupu amatha kukhala ndi mayankho osiyanasiyana opanga, kukhala osinthika kapena osavomerezeka.
Pothane ndi phokoso komanso kukonzekera kugwedeza nkhawa potseka, zitseko zimayenera kukhala ndi zida zokhala ndi zisindikizo. Kutengera ndi kuya kwa kutsegula, kusankha kwa chitseko ku bokosi kumasankhidwa: "Flush" ndi bokosi kapena "kupotoza". Zinthu zambiri zomwe zaitanidwa zimayikidwa "Van welsel" (pompopomtu), kufanana kwanyumba kudalira kapangidwe kake. Zimakhala zovuta kutsegula chitseko, kuchitidwa ".
Kuyambira mtundu wa chimanga ndi bokosi, pa kulondola kwa kukhazikitsa kwa kapangidwe kake potsegulira, mphamvu ya kuphatikizapo zimatengera kuthekera kwa zomwe mwasankha kutumikira nthawi yayitali komanso osavutikira. Bokosilo limatha kukhala ndi mawonekedwe otsekeka komanso owoneka bwino (owoneka). Zakale kwambiri zidachitika kuti izi zimachitika chifukwa cha zitseko zodziwika bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, pazitseko za opanga zakunja, bokosilo nthawi zambiri limaphatikizika. Ndi kapangidwe kotere, chimango champhamvu (kukhazikitsa) kumakhazikitsidwa potsegulirako, kenako otchedwa nehcorob amaphatikizidwa kale kwa icho. Njira iyi imakulolani kuti mukwerere bokosilo ndikusintha mawonekedwe a khomo lotseguka. Koma izi zili izi: Mapepala am'mabokosi pawokha asiya kupanga mawonekedwe amodzi.
Maso ndi mkati mwa chitseko amatha kukhala ndi kapangidwe kazinthu zokongoletsera zosiyanasiyana, zomwe mtengo wa malonda umadalira kwambiri.
Masamba okongoletsera kuchokera ku ma penti a MDF ndi gulu la oak Moscow kuchokera ku lingaliro la kupanga limakhala loyenera kudaliridwa bwino. Ziphuphu zokutidwa ndi kubereka kwa mitundu yofunika, chidaliro chocheperako, chifukwa ndizotheka kupeza mankhwala omwe amachitidwa ndi ukadaulo "wachitsulo" wakale. Kupanga kwa MDF kumodzi kwa MDF ndikokwera mtengo kuposa Russian 3-4.
Russian Russian
Mpikisano wokulira umapangitsa opanga athu nthawi zonse kukonza ukadaulo wa ukadaulo, kukonza njira zothetsera vutoli, kusaka "ogula awo" ndi mitundu yatsopano yolimbikitsa katundu kumsika. Nanga ndi zochuluka motani komanso zowopsa za "Khomo"?
Ngati pafupifupi zinthu zonse zomwe zimagulitsidwa ndi monotype, opanga ku Russia amatulutsa zitseko za magulu atatu (malinga ndi mbiri yakale).
Pali zinthu zina zosintha zachilengedwe zomwe zilipo. Mwachitsanzo, pulume ya St. Petersburg "imapereka zitseko zopanda zingwe zopanda chizolowezi (Avan-Garding Marko). M'malo mwa iwo, mukamapanga mbiri pamatanda azovala, chisa chodana ndi chinsinsi chimachitika kumapeto kwa chiwonongeko cha ku Valvase. Grove adayankha ikupezeka pabokosi. Zitseko zosagwirizana ndi mtunduwu muli ndi zingapo: woyamba, kuzungulira kwa chinsalu, tepi ya mafuta "(Russia) imayikidwa; Kachiwiri, voliyumu yamkati ya tsamba la chitseko imadzaza ndi kutentha kwa kutentha kwa mafuta a con-150 kapena rocwool (ku Dencwool). Tepi yotentha yatha kukwana 100 ° C ndipo imakulitsa kwathunthu mpweya wa oxygen kuchipinda, osapereka malawi kuti athe kufinya. Wopanga yemweyo amapereka mitundu ya Bivelve. Mtengo wa chitseko choterewu umafika $ 1,300. Kufunikira kwapadera kwa zitseko ziwiri kumawonedwa ku St. Petersburg, komwe nyumba zambiri zakale zomwe zimawonedwa. Mitundu ya St. Botersburg imadziwika mosavuta - ma panels omwe akuyang'anizana nthawi zambiri amachitika mwanjira ya omwe adakali otembenuka, nthawi.
Pa msika wa ku Moscow the makomo ambiri ochokera ku kampani "(Yoshkar-Ola). Amapangidwa pamayendedwe, chifukwa chake pamtengo wotsika mtengo ($ 280). Mtundu wamitundu umakhala ndi mitundu inayi komanso yapakati imodzi. Wofatsa wamkulu kwambiri wa kampaniyi ndi "nati wamphamvu" - adayamba kulimbikitsa khomo la kapangidwe kake. Kumbukirani kutsatsa "Khomo pa dzina loti" chirombo "? Ichi ndiye chithunzi cholumikizira cha" mtedza wosasankhidwa "osasinthika" koma pali kusintha kwake. Choyamba, mu mapangidwe a mbiri ya bokosi, kuwonjezera kwa kapangidwe ka bokosi. Fomu ina yomwe idatsekedwa pomwepo idawonjezera chiwongola dzanja. Kachitatu, makungwa "amagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso, Kampaniyo imapita mu mtundu umodzi wogulitsa.
"Tap" imagwira ntchito osati "mtedza wamphamvu". Ndi zida zamakono za opanga za Russia, zikachitika "pa bondo", malupu awa amakupatsani mwayi wowotchera maenje ndi bokosi. Mapangidwe a chiwops ndi osiyana ndi njira yake. Zogulitsa "makungwa" amatha kupirira katundu wamkulu kwambiri popanda kutsatsa, palibe m'mbuyo, osagonjera, safuna mafuta. Opanga "nati" mtedza wamphamvu "zinapitiliranso: adasesa malupu m'mbali mwa tsamba la khomo ndi m'munsi, zomwe zimanyamula katundu wolemera," pumula pansi ". Chifukwa chake, kulemera kwa chitseko kumazimitsidwa pansi, moyo wa chitop ukuwonjezeka.
Zitseko za malo ogulitsira "Legion" pantchito ya Duti ndi chitsanzo cha chinthu, kupanga komwe kumayambira ogulitsa, koma zinthu zomwe zidatumizidwa kale. Kampaniyo, monga mawerengero ogulitsa amadziunjikira, kumvetsetsa kuti analonje am'nyumba cholowetsa khomo, koma "pamitengo ya ku Russia," adzafunika kwambiri ndi ogula. Chifukwa chake adayamba kupanga bwino zinthu za mtunduwu.
Dona wachitsanzo "Loona" amasiyanitsidwa ndi kapangidwe katsopano kake kake kake ndi chimango cha khomo. Bokosi la khomo ndi ndege yotseguka ili ndi chilolezo chowoneka bwino. Ndi kufikanso potseguka, chitseko chimatetezedwa ku kugogoda ndi kuthyola pakhoma.
M'mbiri yakale kwambiri ku Russia, kampani "Sesam" itha kutsatiridwa ndi chitukuko chogula zofunikira zaka 15 zapitazi. Patent yoyamba yopanga zitseko zomwe adalandira mu 1987, B1991. Anamangirira patete pa kapangidwe kake. Kugwiritsa ntchito maloko ogulitsidwa kunayamba kuyambira 1992, ndipo kukhazikitsa njira zoyendetsedwa ndi ma wayilesi zidayamba kukhala zotchuka lero. Mbali yopindulitsa ya zitseko "Sesame" ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito malupu obisika omwe amakonzedwa pamawu osungiramo magalimoto omwe amakonzedwa pokhapokha potseguka. Zipinda zilipo ngati zachuma zosinthika ($ 265) ndi chikopa chofewa cha zikopa zopangidwa, pepala la zitsulo zakunja, thumba lalitali ndi zitseko ziwiri zaku Russia ndi zitseko zapamwamba. Pali mitundu itatu ya ziweto zam'mbali zomwe zimasiyana pakupanga oxo ndi malupu. Kuphatikiza apo, m'mitundu yatsopano ya zitseko "sesame" imagwiritsa ntchito malo a "osawoneka" ndi zokongoletsera za makina ojambula (ndi chiwongolero cha kachiwiri) cha kampani ya ku Italiya ya ku Italy. Pazinthu zambiri zogulitsa "Sesame" zimakhazikitsa maloko a ku Italy atra, zomwe zimakhala ndi zosavuta za chinsinsi. Mwiniwake amatha m'malo modziyimira pawokha ngati kutaya mafungulo, osabwezeretsa loko ndipo popanda kuwononga chitseko.
Zitseko Za Opanga Zapakhomo
| Chizindikiro | Kupanga | Maonekedwe | Mawonekedwe ndi zida | Masamba osasinthika |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| "Avan | "TUM" (St. Petersburg) | Chopindika | Zisa zoletsa zoletsa, zitha kuperekedwa mu mtundu wa moto wokwezeka, chimodzi, 1,8mm mu mbali ziwiri, zida zocheperako, pamtengo wochepa, kuchokera $ 450 | MCM (Spain), Kale (Turkey) |
| "Zitseko Zopanda Zitsulo" | "Zitseko zachitsulo" (Moscow) | Chimbudzi | Kuphatikiza koyenera kwaukadaulo wophatikizika, kapangidwe kazithunzi kwa MDF, zida zamakono, ndi mbali yakunja, zitsulo zotsekera, mitundu iwiri, kuphatikiza kwakukulu kwa "mtengo-waluso" | Cisa (Italy) |
| "Gologolo" | "Zitsulo zachitsulo"(Moscow) | Chitolilo | Kutsimikiziridwa malinga ndi gulu la IV pa kukana kwa kubedwa ndi kalasi ya II-III pa boilers, zitsulo zocheperako 2.5mm kukweza | CISA. |
| "GrianP5" (Turkey) | "Wasima" (Yoshkar-ola) | Chopindika | Mbiri yapamwamba p5, chitsulo 2mmmmmm mbali zonse, zopangidwa ndi ogulitsa zomwe amapereka phukusi, mtengo - kuchokera $ 400 c (Castle Cirle) | Cisa, Mottura (Italy), Kale |
| "Dona Linal" | "Crystalk" (Noginsk) | Ozizira | Bokosi latsopano lopanga, "mafuta" - makulidwe a tsamba lopanda ma panels 75mm, pepala lakunja, kulemera kwa 130kg, "makungwa", mtengo wake umachokera ku $ 650 | Cisa, mottura. |
| "Domie" | "Domie" (Moscow) | Gnutoyosvary | Analogue a mbiri ya P5 kuchokera ku "Garsian", koma okhazikika pa 2mm mbali zonse ziwiri, makungwa "m'mphepete mwa chitseko | CISA. |
| "Legion" | "Utumiki wa Duet" (Moscow) | Ozizira | Magwiridwe antchito, chidwi cha Russia cha mitundu yoloweza, chitsulo 1.8-3mm mbali zonse ziwiri, njuchi ziwiri zosintha, mtengo- $ 370-700 ndi kukhazikitsa | CISA. |
| "Sesame" | "Sesame" (Moscow) | Chitolilo | Chitsulo 1.5-2.5mm, mapira osindikizira a MDF ndi oumba, pulasitiki ndi laminate, ufa wochokera $ 265, koma kwambiri $ 500-800 | Atra (Italy) |
| "SQux" | NkhaX (Moscow) | Lipenga, lopindika, chitoliro | Mitundu yotsika ya kaboni 1.5-4m kapena armorist 4-6.5mm, ng'ombe ziwiri, Thumba la Mata-Thupi (Mtengo - Kuyambira $ 400-800 | Mottura, CISA, Kale, Mul-T-Lock |
Alendo - A Russia
Zitseko za Gerda (United Kingdom-Poland) zimapangidwa ku Poland. Mitundu ya BRDA Model ili ndi zitseko 4, 3 zomwe zimagulitsidwa ku Russia. Chinthu chodziwika bwino cha zinthuzi ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma molecular (kuphatikiza) Kuwala ndi kachilomboka kwa kapangidwe ka Tyrean ndi chinsinsi chosinthika (mwachinsinsi, kodi ndi mitundu 4,294,997). Zitseko za ku Gerda zimachokera ku zigawo za Israeli zomwe zidagulitsidwa bwino ku Central Europe kuyambira kumapeto kwa 80s. Mbali zawo, monga zitseko zonse zolowera ku Israeli, pali bokosi lakuthwa pokweza. ITo ngakhale kuti mbali iliyonse ya bokosi imalumikizidwa kukhoma mu 8-12 mfundo zazinthu zanyumba kapena zingwe.
Zitseko za Israeli zamitundu ya Malumi a Mol-T-Lock, Lock-Lock ndi magen okhala ndi gawo lodziwika bwino lomwe limapangidwa kutalika kwa chitseko (chopita ku 7cm) , ndi kusiyana ndi misa yaying'ono (ili pafupi 70kg). Zitsanzo mul-T-loko ndi Super-Lock ndizofanana. Kupanga nsalu ndi msonkhano wa zitseko za mul-t-toke zakhazikitsidwa mwa zitseke. Pali mitundu 9-base omwe ali ndi kalasi yolimbana ndi kuwononga Otib. Zitseko za magEN zimapangidwa m'mitundu isanu, yodziwika ndi gulu loko loko ndi kukula kwa chinsalu.
"Italiakuti" zimaperekedwa ndi ife mabuku otere monga Gardesa, mbuye, minrva, torrorollo ndi ena. Tiyeni tiyambe ndi mbuyeyo, chifukwa mu mtundu uwu pali zofunikira kwa magulu ena a nzika za AK-47 ndi zitsanzo. Chidule cha AK-47 chikuyimira, chimadziwika ndi ambiri ngati zabwino, zodalirika zokha. Koma zikupezeka kuti iye alibe mphamvu kutsutsana ndi zitseko za Ak-47! Imalemera 450kg, ikafika pofunsira, imachitika pansi pa khomo la kasitomala ndipo lidzamuwonongera (kuyika) pa $ 4,000. Zeus amatha kukana ma pistols a TT, PM ndi ultrasound. Khomo ili ndi losavuta komanso logwira ntchito modabwitsa ndi Ak-47. Yambitsani Mtengo - $ 2500. Kwa ena onse, makasitomala ocheperako amaperekedwa ndi zitseko zapamwamba kwambiri ndi vuto lakunja la oak veneeer (panda).
Gardenesa cha BAIBE CIDS imasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe olimba okhwima. Bokosi, monga zitseko za ku Italy, zimapanga. Mu msika waku Russia, mitundu iyi imaperekedwa mu mtundu wotsegulira.
M'gulu la mitundu yotsika mtengo yotsika mtengo, chitseko kuchokera ku Porti Union (Delta mndandanda) ndi wokongola kwambiri. Kwa kasinthidwe kakang'ono, mapanelo opangidwa kuchokera ku MDF imaperekedwa. Nkhosazo zimasinthika kwa ma ax atatu. Kudzazidwa kwamkati kwa chilombo kumakhala ndi thovu losagwirizana ndi polyurethane. Zitseko izi zimapereka chitsimikizo cha zaka zisanu. Nthawi ya kuphedwa ndi ma 6 masana.
Zitseko za Minrova zimalemera mpaka 120kg. Mitundu yochokera ku Minerva imaperekedwa ndi mapanelo akunja okutidwa ndi oak veneer kapena mtedza wa tangiac. Okonzeka ndi bokosi losayerekezeka, lomwe limaphatikizidwa ndi kutsegulidwa mu mfundo zisanu ndi zitatu. Bokosi lokutidwa ndi ufa wakuda enamel. Kulamula kuti mudzachite pakhomo ndi ma panel aluminium aluminium.
Malizitsani mndandanda wa "Ital Italians ku Russia" Tororolo. Zojambula, zitseko izi ndizofanana ndi mlengalenga, koma pali mitundu yokhala ndi chinthu chopangidwa ndi ma Panels omwe amayang'aniridwa ndi Bureau of Baptist Piinpharin. Mtengo wa zinthu zokongoletsedwa ndi mapanelo a Piinfarin amatha kukhala $ 3500-6500.
Alipo pamsika wathu ndi zitseko za ku Spain (mwachitsanzo, Artevi Brand). Mwambiri, zabwino zonse, zabwino zonse.
Ndipo kuchokera ku Greece, osati zovala zamchere zokha ndi ubweya zomwe zimaperekedwa kwa ife, komanso zitseko za Dossio. Mitundu - 10, miyeso- 60, kalasi yoteteza - III. ITo, limodzi ndi kalembedwe kazinthu kokhazikika. Mwambiri, wothandizirayo akufuna. Zitseko zopangidwa mwa mtunduwu ndizofanana ndi Spanish Artevi.
Malingaliro Akuluakulu a Zitseko
| Chizindikiro | Kupanga Dziko | Mtengo, $ | Mawonekedwe ndi zida | Masamba osasinthika |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gerda. | UNLOTEATNARY-Poland. | Kuyambira810 | Makina a anthu 12rigels, kulembetsa - kanema wa PVC ndi mapepala odziwika bwino, mapepala makulidwe - 1,5mm, mabokosi 4 - malupu osinthika | Titan. |
| Mul-t-loko, super-loko | Israeli | Kuyambira 495. | Chitetezo cha khofi chokhotakhota, kutsegulira malire, kulembetsa - filimu ya PVC, yomwe idayikidwa, ikani, ikani mabokosi a bokosilo | Mul-t-loko, super-loko |
| Magen. | Israeli | Kuchokera pa 510. | Chitetezo-choyang'ana 4-mbali ziwiri ndi zotchinga zovomerezeka, kutsegulanso malire, kulembetsa kwa PVC, ma sheet makulidwe, 1,5mm, ikani, kudzaza bokosi la bokosilo | Magen. |
| Garsalsa. | Zaya | Kuyambira 920. | Chitetezo cha khofi chotseka, rigle wowonjezera, guillotine, zitsulo zotsekemera 1.2-1.8mm mbali zonse ziwiri, mabotolo osinthika, bokosi lazithunzi zojambulajambula | Nucleo, mottura (Italy) |
| Bwana | Zaya | Kuyambira pa 795. | Suweld Castle, Riguls Owonjezera, mapanelo Osiyanasiyana, Zithunzi Zazitsulo 1.8mm mbali ziwiri, kusindikiza, kuwononga, bokosi looneka bwino, bokosi lofiirira, | Cisa (Italy) Mottura |
| Mgwilizano | Zaya | Kuchokera pa 595. | Chitetezo cha Chitetezo Chachikulu, Rullotine, Mndandanda Wakale, Mndandanda Wosasinthika, Bokosi Lokhala Ndi Mavalidwe a P-Valsite, valavu | CISA. |
| Minrova. | Zaya | Kuyambira 1150. | Chitetezo cha khofi chotseka, zowonjezera zowonjezera, mapanelo aliwonse, patenel awirimmmmmmmmment mbali zonse, zipyaukizikulu, zopatsa chidwi (на | Mottura. |
| To tordolo. | Zaya | Kuyambira 875. | Chitetezo cha chitetezo, owonjezera owonjezera, mapanelo owonjezera, zigawo zamiyala iwiri, 3mm mbali zitatu, kusindikiza, kutsika, bokosi | Nucleo. |
| Artevi. | Chigawenga | Kuyambira 850. | Makondo awiri (otetezeka), riglels owonjezera, mafoni am'manja (onjezerani malire), zitsulo zazitsulo 2mm mmbali zonse, zokutira pang'ono - zitsulo zolumikizira | CISA. |
| Piso. | .Bata | Kuyambira 980. | Chitetezo cha chitetezo, rigel owonjezera, guillotine, kutsegula malire, mitengo yamauna, zitsulo zazitali 2mm mbali ziwiri | CISA. |
Galasi ndi mtengo
Zitseko zachitsulo, zachikhalidwe zazikulu zakuteteza kwa nyumba zathu, koma siyokhayo. Msika umapereka zosankha za khomo, galasi.Fakitale ya Finland Alavus imatulutsa zitseko ndi bokosi lamatabwa, chimango cham'matabwa, chitofu cha mapiri a 5-6 chimango. Mapangidwe okongoletsera amachitidwa kuchokera pa mbale ya MDF, puline kapena nkhupakupa, yophimbidwa ndi mafuta. Kuti muchepetse bulglary mu mbale zoyang'anitsitsa, pepala la aluminiyamu limayatsidwa ndi makulidwe a 0.5mm, ndipo pakhomo la chitseko, chopangidwa ndi mitengo yolimba, idapangidwa mbiri ya aluminium. Pambuyo pokhazikitsa chitseko kumatha kusinthidwa kukhala mulifupi komanso m'lifupi ndi malupu apadera otsutsa. Mafakitale a Alavus amapereka mitundu yokhala ndi kapangidwe koyambirira kuchokera ku phukusi lagalasi. Galasi lamkati-losankhidwa, loyera bwino. Zitseko zimagulitsidwa ndi bondo la bolodi popanda kiyi ndi mphutsi, zomwe wogula amazigulitsa mosiyana. Mitundu yakunja ndi nthumwi. Zogulitsazi zimaperekedwa, monga lamulo, kuyitanitsa mwa mtundu wa kampani (yoposa 40 mitundu). Mtengo wa chitseko umachokera $ 385 (kusankha).
Mu msika wa Moscow pali zitseko zodzikongoletsera za mitundu iwiri ya ku Italy: Panto ndi Albertin. Choyamba ndi mtundu wa chitseko cha khomo lolowera ndi galasi lotetezedwa ndi galasi. Galasi imatsegulira pamlingo womwewo monga zenera. Matabwa, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi "uchi wokondedwa". Chitsanzo chilichonse chimakhala ndi dzina lake: "Abaco", "Nadir", "Nadir", "mzinda" ndi ena. Chitseko chimapangidwa pa pempholi ndipo pokhapokha ngati pali mbali ya kutsegulira. Mtengo - $ 3000-6000. Mitundu ya Albertin-Modent of Contral of Countral Houses kuchokera ku OK Wook Wood, Meranti. Mtengo Range - kuyambira $ 1000 mpaka $ 3000.
Kuchokera kwa opanga aku Russia, ndikufuna kutchula za BE-KA ndi "dziko latsopano". Amapereka zitseko za Oak zowoneka bwino komanso kutetezedwa mwa mawonekedwe a chipinda chovuta.
Popeza dziko lathuli, khomo lolowera pakhomo lolowera ndi chinthu chotulukapo zachilendo. Chitseko chosaneneka kwambiri ndi galasi kwathunthu. Kupangidwa kwa khungu lankhondo kunapangitsa kusintha kwakukulu kwa malingaliro azachikhalidwe omwe ndi oyenera kupanga otetezedwa. Mwachidziwikire, kupanga ndi kugulitsa zitseko zokwanira galasi magalasi opangidwa ndi nyumba zosagwirizana kapena nyumba zankhondo sizikuyendetsedwa. Zinthu ngati izi zimayikidwa padongosolo. Mwachitsanzo, mbuye wolimbana wa Italy amadziwika kale kuti ife timapereka khomo kuchokera ku chipinda chankhondo (chowonekera kapena matte) kwa $ 2500 ndi nthawi ya miyezi itatu. Zitseko za ku Germany zochokera kumagalasi a ku Germany amagwira ntchito mokwanira m'nyumba zapanyumba. Zosintha zingapo zomwe zimapangidwira pa intaneti zimakulolani kuti mukhale ndi chitsimikizo chokwanira, chidzakulolani kuti mupeze kuphatikiza koyenera kwa njira yothetsera mavuto komanso.
Zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zitseko ziyenera kukhala ndi pasipoti yaubwana ndi kaseweredwe ka hyggietic. Zitseko zotsimikiziridwa nthawi zambiri zimaperekedwa ndi mbali yamkati mwa kulembera zomwe zili ndi deta yotsatirayi: Chizindikiro ndi (kapena) zambiri za bizinesi ya wopanga; Lembani (mtundu) ndi nambala yotsatira; chaka chakumasulidwa; Kalasi lolimbana (zopangidwa zomwe zimalepheretsa mayeso ndi mabotolodi zitha kulembedwanso ndi zolemba zomwe zidalembedwazi zimalembedwanso pogwiritsa ntchito limodzi mwa makalasi amodzi a boiler, mwachitsanzo P-1).
Zoyenera kufunsa wogulitsa
Wogulitsa ndiye woyamba ndipo nthawi zambiri munthu yekhayo amene angafotokozere zomwe mumapeza. Kuyambira mtundu wamtundu wanji yemwe ali, kuthekera kwambiri kodzigulira kumatengera nthawi zambiri. Chifukwa chake, sichoncho, nthawi zina, kuti muyambe kuchita nokha. Posankha mtengo wopeza mtengo, lingalirani za zosankha zovomerezeka chifukwa chokongoletsa chokongoletsera chakunja chakunja ndi mkati mwa chitseko. Dziwani kuchokera kwa wogulitsa zomwe zimatetezedwa pakhomo lanu, ngati ana ndi abale akhwima amatha kugwiritsa ntchito makiyi. Akhale ndi zoyenera kuchita ngati kulephera kwa malock, komwe angayimbire. Musaiwale kufotokoza bwino zomwe zivomerezo zidayikidwa pamiyala. Nthawi zambiri ogulitsa amatchedwa mtengo wa chitseko popanda kukhazikitsa. Kugula chinthu chogulitsira, onetsetsani kuti mukutsegula. Dziwani ngati kampani ingawonjezere ngati pakufunika kutero. Pogula khomo lolowera ku nyumba ya dzikolo, siyani ma panels kunja kwa chipya ndi mdf veneer, nthawi zambiri amakhalanso komanso akuthwa nthawi zonse kuti asakhumudwe.
Ndizotheka kumveketsa zamtundu wanji wowuzira bokosilo ndipo chitseko chimapangidwa (chokha kapena chokha-chokha-chokha) chimakonda. Fotokozerani mitundu ya chitsulo chogwiritsira ntchito. Khomo lolowera - malonda siwovuta kwambiri, kotero wogulitsa amayenera kudziwa zonse za izi: Mtundu wachitsulo, mulifupi mwake Zowopsa, zowoneka bwino, mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, mtengo wa phokoso lothetsa, ndipo gulu la hack.
Zonsezi zikuthandizani kuti mupange chisankho choyenera ndipo pamapeto pake kukonza chitetezo ndi kutonthoza nyumba yanu. Kupambana kwa inu kugula!
Makalasi Okhazikika Kuthamangitsa (Gost R 51072-97)
| Kalasi Yokhazikika | Mtengo wocheperako, EU | |
|---|---|---|
| Kufikira pang'ono | Kufikira kwathunthu | |
| I. | makumi atatu | fifite |
| Ii. | fifite | 80. |
| Iii | 80. | 120. |
| Iv | 120. | 180. |
Zitseko zoteteza ziyenera kukhala ndi zida zapamwamba komanso zokoka za C tsegulani komanso popereka chinsinsi cha kutsegula chitseko.
Chinsinsi cha Chinsinsi (GOST R 51072-97)
| Kalasi ya chipangizo cha Castle | Kuchuluka kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana | Chiwerengero cha Kuphatikiza kwa Code |
|---|---|---|
| A. | 5000. | 80000. |
| B. | 100000. | 100000. |
Chiwerengero cha zida zotsetsereka zomwe zaphatikizidwa mu njira yotseka, kutengera mkalasi wokhazikika pakhomo la chitseko, sayenera kukhala wovomerezeka patebulo.
Chiwerengero cha zida zotsekera (positi r 51072-97)
| Kalasi lokhazikika pakhomo | Chiwerengero cha zida zotsekera | |
|---|---|---|
| Kalasi A. | Kalasi B. | |
| I. | chimodzi | 0 |
| Ii. | chimodzi | 0 |
| Iii | 0 | chimodzi |
| Iv | 0 | 2. |
Ngati chitetezo pa mfuti chimatha, khomo liyeneranso kukhala kalasi inayake ya pooleline.
Khomo la Polo Poles (GOST R 51072-97)
| Kalasi Yokana Kalasi | Mtundu wa Zida | Chipolopolo cha Subber, mm | Kutalika mwachangu, m / s | Mass Bullwani, G | Mtundu wa zipolopolo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Pistolepm | zisanu ndi zinai | 255. | 5.9 | Chipolopolo, ndi chitsulo chachitsulo |
| P-2 | Pistolett | 7,62. | 410-445 | 5.5 | Chipolopolo, ndi chitsulo chachitsulo |
| 3. | Autox | 7,62. | 705-725 | 7.9 | Chipolopolo, ndi chipolopolo chachitsulo |
| P-4. | Sniper rifle svd | 7,62. | 815-840 | 9...6 | Chipolopolo, ndi chipolopolo chachitsulo |
Kuyesa kwa kuphedwa ndi kukana kusokonekera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mabomba kumachitika pofunsidwa kwa kasitomala. Mayeso amayang'aniridwa ndi zitsanzo za II-IV Magulu a kukana kusokoneza.
Otsatsa zikomo pakampani "zitsulo zitsulo", "duet-ntchito", zolimbitsa thupi "zothandizira pakukonzekera zinthu.