Makina oyang'anira moto. Chipangizo ndi kalasi, kukhazikitsa, zida za kumces, zikwangwani ndi zolaula, ukadaulo wa masoka.
Malo owotcha pachilumbacho, opangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukhoma
Malo oyatsira moto ndi matailosi amapulumutsa kutentha
Zoyambira Zoyambira Zogwiritsidwa Ntchito Pogwiritsira Ntchito Pamoto Wawo
Wotosa wosasuta;
b - alumali pamoto;
Mu - portal;
r - chipinda chotentha;
d - slufy alumali;
E - drovnitsu
Mumkati akuyesera kubereka nthawi yokongoletsa ya Ar, pamoto ili ndi mawonekedwe a nyambo,
Chinsinsi chachikulu chimabweretsa mzimu wa nyumba zakale ku nyumba yamakono. Koma zilowerere malo oyatsira moto ayenera kusamala kuti asawombere m'chipindacho
Makina a malo amoto amakono nthawi zina amakhala ndi mafomu okongola kwambiri
Parade yoyaka moto wamkati wokhala ndi malo okhalamo
Pakona Wamtundu Wapamwamba
Kuchokerani mabatani oyambira opindika fiber - chinsinsi cha mbuye
Malo oyatsira moto ndi abwinoko kuyika ku chipangizo chapansi ndi madeti
Zowonjezera zoyamwa za malo oyaka moto ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana odyetsa mpweya. Zochita zawo ndi kukula kwake ndikupanga chinsinsi chachikulu cha zida zogwirira ntchito bwino: 
Malinga ndi zowerengera, kuyambira 80 mpaka 90% ya eni malo omwe angafune kukhala ndi malo oyaka moto kunyumba kwawo. Kutalika kwa kupatuka kumeneku ku "ogulitsa zakale" nthawi zambiri kumakhala kovuta pomenya nkhondo. Malo oyatsira moto ndi chizindikiro cha moyo, kukhazikika, kutonthoza kunyumba. Ngati mungafune, amaonetsa kuyandikira kwa tsiku ndi tsiku.
Madzulo omwe amakhala pamalo otseguka moto wotseguka mu zilankhulo zoyera za lawi ndilosavuta, koma zokondweretsa zamphamvu. Kuphatikiza apo, malo oyaka moto ndi chipangizo chabwino chowongolera chambiri, kuyanika mpweya kulowa malo (izi ndikofunikira makamaka kuti mupeze malo omwe ali ndi dothi). Ndizosadabwitsa kuti kuchuluka kwa malo oyaka moto ndi malo oyaka mipando amakula tsiku lililonse.
Koma nthawi yomweyo, chida chowongolera moto ndi chovuta komanso chodekha "chofuna kuwerengera molondola komanso kuphedwa. Mosakayikira, "mawonekedwe a moto" omwe angasanduke ndi ntchentche yotopetsa komanso yotopetsa. Pomaliza, monga magwero ena amoto wotseguka, ndi moto uliwonse wamoto wotseguka, wowotchera moto komanso wosagwirizana ndi malamulo omanga ndi opaleshoni amatha kubweretsa zovuta zazikulu kwa eni ake. Mwanjira ina, ngati mungaganize zokhala ndi moto pamoto, mavuto omwe amagwirizana ndi kukhazikitsa kwake, muyenera kulipira kwenikweni.
Chida ndi gulu la malo oyaka moto
Malo aliwonse okhala ndi moto ali ndi magawo atatu: bokosi lamoto, pornel ndi chimney. Mndandanda umasiyanitsidwa ndi zojambula zamoto. Malo oyatsira moto ndi otseguka, ndipo osaya. Uwu ndi mtundu wa niche yopangidwa ndi zinthu zolembetsa (njerwa, mwala, zitsulo). Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake, malo oyaka moto amatha kutenthetsa chipindacho pokhapokha ngati mphamvu yowala yomwe imapangidwa pakatha kutentha kwa mafuta. Mwachidule, amapereka kutentha pokhapokha ngati moto umayaka mwa iwo. Sakufunika nthawi kuti aziwalitsa corps zazikulu, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi ziweto, koma amaziziritsa msanga. Mwambiri, malo oyatsira moto sagwirizana ndi zida zotenthetsera kwambiri: mphamvu zawo ndi 10-25% (njira yoyendetsera moto imatsimikiziridwa ndi kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zoperekedwa m'chipindacho, kwa mphamvu zomwe zingapezeke ndi mafuta okwanira. Poyerekeza: njira yothandiza kwambiri yamakono imafika 70-80%, mphamvu ya ng'anjo ya Russia ndi 20-30%.Kuti muwonjezere kusamutsa kwa chipangizocho, makoma amkati a ng'anjoyo ayenera kukhala ndi luso lowoneka bwino. Pachifukwa ichi, amapangidwa osalala ndipo ngakhale momwe mungathere, ndipo nthawi zina timakhala ndi mkuwa kapena mapepala osapanga dzimbiri. Zowononga kutentha pompopomponda makoma a ng'anjo ya ng'anjoyi imachitidwa pomponya pafupi ndi khoma lakumbuyo. Pankhaniyi, kutentha kumawonetsedwa mchipindacho osati kuchokera ku khoma lakumbuyo, komanso kuchokera kumbali, ndipo mwamphamvu mwa chipangizocho chimadzuka pofika 7-10%. Ng'anjo yotseguka imayikidwa mu njerwa yosalala yokhala ndi mulifupi wa 5-6m yayikulu. Kukula kwa khoma ndi theka la polkirpich.
Kumtunda kwa chipinda cha ng'anjo, khonde la gasi nthawi zambiri limapangidwa ("dzino"). Amalepheretsa kukana kwa zipatozo kuchokera pachipato, kumateteza ng'anjo ku conter-Air kumapangitsa utsi wa chipindacho ndikutulutsa kwa unyolo polimbikitsa malo oyaka moto. Kulowera kwa gasi ndi malo pomwe soot yakhazikika, kotero thireyi ya tray-stack ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa pano. Komabe, m'mapangidwe ambiri "dzino" palibe ndipo ng'anjoyo imalumikizidwa ndi chimfine cha njira yolumikizira (nthawi zina yodabwitsa kwambiri). Mwambiri, zobisika zonse zili ndi zinsinsi zake. Yosavuta (gawo lakumunsi la poyatsira moto) likuyang'ana kutola phulusa. Kuphatikiza apo, idasokonezedwa ndi gwero lowonjezera la mpweya wa ntchentche (mbozi yachikondi yomwe ili ndi bokosi lotsekedwa).
Malangizo Steva 2.04.05-91 * * * * * * - mpweya wabwino ndi zowongolera mpweya "kuvomerezedwa mu 1997.
Ndime 3.84. Zojambulamanga zomanga ziyenera kutetezedwa kuti zitetezedwe:
a) pansi kuchokera pazophatikizika ndi zinthu zolimba kwambiri pakhomo lothekera - pepala lachitsulo la 700500m, limapezeka kutalika kwake m'ng'anjo;
b) Khoma kapena gawo kuchokera ku zinthu zosakanizidwa moyandikana ndi uvuni yakutsogolo, - yokhala ndi pulasitala ya zitsulo kapena pepala la zitsulo kuchokera pansi mpaka 250mm pamwambapa Pamwamba pa coil.
Ndime 3.86. Pansi kuchokera ku zinthu zoyaka pansi pa ndulu za chimango, kuphatikizapo miyendo, iyenera kutetezedwa ndi chitsulo cha Asbestos ndi makulidwe a 10mm, pomwe mtunda kuchokera pansi pamtunda uyenera kukhala osachepera 100mm.
Mitundu yonse ya zoyatsira moto zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: ndi bokosi lotseguka komanso lotseka. Ng'ombe zotsekedwa ndi makamera okhala ndi chitseko chagalasi chofewa chomwe chimathamangira othamanga mpaka 800C. Zitseko izi zimatsegulidwa mbali yokhayo, kapena kumbali ndikusintha. Mapeto ake, amaperekedwa ndi makina apadera. Zachidziwikire, zimasokonekera ndikuchulukitsa kapangidwe ka zomangazo, koma zitseko zimatsukidwa m'manja kumaso ndikulolani kuti musangalale ndi moto.
Malo oyatsira moto ndi bokosi lotsekedwa limatha kugwira ntchito mosiyanasiyana: anazimiririka kapena chitseko chotseguka. Bokosi lotsekedwa ndi chitseko chotseguka sichosiyana ndi bokosi lotseguka lopanda chitseko. Avota ndi chitseko chotsekedwa, mutha kusintha mtsinje wa mpweya kulowa pamoto, ndikuyang'ana mabowo. Zocheperako kuchuluka kwa mpweya kumayenda, pang'onopang'ono amapita njira zoyaka. Chifukwa chake, gawo limodzi la nkhuni zitha kudulidwa kwa usiku wolemera. Chuma cha malo oyatsira moto chili chokulirapo, chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati njira yopumira.
Kodi pali moto woyipa wamoto uti wabwino kapena wotsekedwa? Mayiko achi Chermanynia ndi mayiko omwe akunjenjemera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zamafuta ndizofala, zoyaka moto zomwe zimakhala ndi zitseko ndizotchuka. Missmia, pazifukwa zopewera, imakonda kutsegulidwa. Malo amoto okhala ndi ntchentche yachitsulo yotsekedwa amakhazikitsidwa m'nyumba zomwe zili ndi chiyambire omwe alipo, kotero kukhazikitsa zida zotere ndi kosavuta. Kudutsa nyumba, chitoliro cha chimney nthawi zambiri chimapangidwa ndi poyatsira moto. Apa ndibwino kuti ntchito yomanga moto ikuluikulu yanthete yomwe imatha kupirira chubu yolemetsa (misa yake ikhoza kufika 2t). Bondo lachitsulo pa "Masewera" amenewo siatha. Kutsitsa (ma acan mita ya Chimney akulemera 200-250kg), muyenera kukhazikitsa zina zowonjezera. Tsekani, mtengo wa malo oyatsira moto wokhala ndi bokosi lotsekedwa likhoza kukhala bwino (1.5-2 nthawi) pamwamba pa mtengo wamoto wowombera wa ku Micreen, mtengo womwe umakhala, kutengera kukula ndi kukongoletsa, ndi $ 2000-5000.
Zachidziwikire, funso la zoopsa za pamoto ndi chitoliro chake utsi pamtunda wa nyumbayo kapena maziko ake sichothetsedwa pamaso, koma pamaziko a kuwerengera ukadaulo. Ayenera kupezeka kwa omanga asanayambe kugwira ntchito. Malinga ndi akatswiri a kampaniyo "KFELVVIT", ngati unyinji wa moto womwewo umapitilira 900kg, nthawi zonse amakhala wanzeru kuti ayike pamalo oyamba komanso maziko osiyana. Pansi wachiwiri pali mapangidwe osavuta komanso owala, apo ayi mtengo wa ntchito kumawonjezeka kwambiri.
Kutengera komwe kuli, malo oyaka moto amagawidwa kuti amangidwa kwathunthu kukhoma; adamangidwa pang'ono kukhoma (sprayer); omangidwa; kusokonezeka; ngodya; Chilumba (chomwe chili mkati mwa chipindacho).
Kukhazikitsa kwa malo oyaka moto
Komwe kuli malo oyaka moto amadziwika ndi njira yomanga zokonzekera za malo omwe adapangidwa, kamangidwe ka linga, njira yosinthira moto ndipo, zofuna zamoto. Kutengera ndi kapangidwe ka makoma, malo oyaka moto akhoza kukhala pafupi nawo kapena ophatikizidwa mwa iwo. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito makhoma amkati kapena magawo kuchokera ku zinthu zosaphatikizika zomwe zidapangidwa kuti ikhale yopanda utsi. Pazinthu zonse zoyatsira moto zimafuna chitetezo chosiyana. "Kubzala" zozimitsa moto womwe uli pamiyala yosiyanasiyana, chimnele chimodzi ndichakuti, koma chovuta. Mulimonsemo, zidzatheke kuti mugwiritse ntchito. Kukula kwa kutsegulidwa kwakunja kwa ng'anjoyo kuyenera kufanana ndi kukula kwa chipinda chomwe poyatsira moto chimayikidwa (dera la kutsegulidwa nthawi zambiri kumalumikizidwa ndi malo a chipindacho molingana ndi 1:75) .
Malo otseguka otseguka kuchokera ku njerwa ndi chinthu chachikulu kwambiri, nthawi zambiri pamafunika. M'zigawo nthawi zambiri zimafunikira (zidzafotokozedwa pansipa). Ndikofunikanso kuganizira za mpweya wabwino. Malo oyaka moto salekerera bwino, chifukwa chake ndikofunikira kuti achotse zitseko, mawindo ndi mpweya wabwino. Mbali yolimba, moto umafunikira kuyenda kosatha komanso chachikulu kwa mpweya, komwe kumatha kupewa mawindo a Hertsated kawiri. Ngati simukwaniritsa zofunikira izi, moto poyaka moto udzayaka ngakhale utsi. Mavuto apadera okhala ndi zokongoletsera mukamapanga malo oyaka moto, "tsegulani mphepo zonse" kuchokera mbali zinayi. M'malo mchipinda ndikofunikira kulinganiza mpweya wabwino wolamulira chimney, kuthekera kokhazikitsa magawo ake.
Ndipo komabe zinthu zofunika kwambiri pantchito yomanga moto ziyenera kulingaliridwa ndi moto. Malo oyatsira moto ayenera kukhala osungunuka mokhazikika kuchokera kwa jenda, magawo ndi nyumba zina zomanga zopangidwa ndi zinthu zoyaka.
Nkhani zachitetezo chamoto ndizofunikira kwambiri pokhazikitsa malo oyaka moto m'matabwa. Ndikofunika kukumbukira: Malo oyaka ndi mizere iyenera kuchotsedwa mtunda wokwanira kuchokera ku zida zonse kuchokera ku zinthu zoyaka! Mtunda womwe uyenera kukhala 250mm. Makoma opangidwa ndi zinthu zoyaka omwe ali pafupi ndi malo oyatsira moto, ndikofunikira kudzipatula ndi zinthu zosayake, monga asbestos, osavomerezeka, osanjidwa ndi silika wa silika.
Osuta kuti ayang'anire kwambiri malo okhala ndi lingaliro la njira yokhazikika yolumikizira yotsika mtengo adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito ku V-III. B zina e. Ndi Roma. Momwemonso, mayunitsi akuluakulu owonda madzi osamba achi Roma anali ndi chimfine. Katswiri wofatsa adalola Agiriki, Aroma ndi oimira mavidiyo akale popanda "likulu" ndi malo oyatsira malo akuluakulu, miphika yokhazikika inali yofala.
Potulikisa utsi
Chimnener ndi njira yopumira yomwe imathandizira kuchotsa kuyamwa ndikutulutsa zinthu kwa mpweya wabwino. Mphamvu ya chimbudzi imachitika chifukwa chakuti kuchuluka kwa mpweya woyaka umakhala kochepera kuposa kachulukidwe ka mlengalenga wakunja. Kuthamanga kagulu kakang'ono kwa mpweya wambiri kumatengera kusiyana kwa kutentha kwa mpweya wotentha komanso wozizira komanso kuchokera kutalika kwa chitoliro. Chifukwa chake, chipongwe chomwe chikuwoneka ngati chowoneka bwino kwambiri cha kapangidwe kake, ndi chovuta kwambiri, kuwerengera koyenera komwe - kutanthauzira kwa katemera wa ntchitoyo ndi zosafunikira zambiri. Nayi mndandanda wawo wachidule: ma miyeso akutsegulidwa kwa ng'anjoyo ndi kuya kwa positi; M'lifupi ndi kutalika kwa khosi la utsi; kutalika ndi gawo la chitoliro cha chitoliro; Kusankhidwa kwa chipewa chofunikira cha mkate; Mawonekedwe a mtunda ndi mawonekedwe (owland, okwera, omwe adadzuka, nyengo, yomwe ilipo, kukhalapo kwa akatswiri okhazikika, komanso mu gawo ili la Ntchito yomanga. Monga omangawo amanenera, "Bricklayer ndi malo oyatsira moto ndi osiyanasiyana." Malo oyatsira moto amayenera kukhoza poyatsira moto, osati mbuye wa kukonzanso.Nthawi zambiri, mapaipi a mangu amoto amapangidwa ndi njerwa zowotcha mwapadera. Mavuto ayenera kukhala osalala momwe angathere, ndi makulidwe a seams, okwanira 5mm. Wamphamvu za msoko, mwachangu zimawonongedwa pansi pa mpweya wotentha. Njerwa, akupita ku kupanga kumpine, amasankhidwa osalala, popanda zotuluka kapena choseli. Malo oyendetsa moto pamtanda amayenda kangapo kuposa malo opangira utsi wa ng'anjo ya mphamvu yofananayo. Chifukwa chake, poyatsira moto ndizosatheka mwanjira ina "kukopa" kwa chimneney. Gawo locheperako la Channel ndi njerwa imodzi, kapena 130260mm. Kutalika mapaipi a Flaue (mbewu za kabati pakamwa) ziyenera kukhala zosachepera 5m. Ndikofunikira kuti chitoliro cha chitolirochi chimayandikira kwambiri padenga la padenga ndipo nthawi yomweyo chimatambasula padenga la padenga ndi 500mm (pomwe skate imachotsedwa ku 1.5 m). Kutalika kwa chitoliro kuyenera kuwonjezeka (pofuna kupewa kupatsa kulanda), ngati nyumba zazitali kapena mitengo ili pafupi kwambiri.
Chimney otalika kwambiri adzapanga zolimba kwambiri. Vtaka nkhuni yamoto iyake Kubwezera mkati mwa chimneney, mayendedwe amakhazikitsidwa. Ndi Valavu, mawonekedwe a omwe amatsegulidwa chifukwa cha vatum yamphamvu ya mpweya ndipo amapezeka molunjika pamtunda wamayendedwe okha. Ngati utsi wa thambo, m'malo mwake, ndi ofupikirapo, kudzakhala kokwanira. Pankhaniyi, ndizotheka kukhazikitsa dongosolo lokhazikika la utsi - wokutola kwambiri woteteza kutentha, wokwera pakamwa (oyera) a chitoliro. Cen yotere ipanga vacuum yowonjezera, ikuwonjezera mphamvu ya chimney.
Thumba la utsi liyenera kukhala lolunjika. Imaloledwa kupatukana ndi yolunjika kwa ngodya zosaposa 30 osaposa 1M.
Palibe zofuna zamoto zokhazikika zamoto zomwe zimaperekedwa ku chimbuzi kuposa mabokosi amoto. Mtunda wochepera "(wochokera ku khoma lamkati la chubu cha utsi) ku zinthu zophatikizira kuchokera ku zinthu zoyaka ziyenera kukhala 380mm. Mkati mwa mapaipi kudutsa, "kudzigudubuza" kumapangidwa - kukula kwa njerwa, komwe kumapangidwa mu njira ya masoka. Chilolezo pakati pa "Ruller" njerwa komanso zokutira za denga limangokhala ndi ubweya wa mchere kapena urnica.
Chitroney chikuyenera kutetezedwa (monga momwe mungathere) ndi kutchinga kwa mafuta kuchokera pakuwonekera kwa kutentha kochepa. Siyenera kukulungidwa nthawi yachisanu kotero kuti chenjezo limapangidwa pakhoma. Mosakayikira, mavuto sangangokhala ndi poyatsira malo oyaka moto, komanso ndi kukhulupirika kwa chitoliro. Mukatha kugwiritsa ntchito mkhalidwewo, chitoliro chamoto chimatsekedwa ndi valavu kuti isalepheretse mpweya wabwino kuchokera m'chipindacho.
Kuthandizira kuswana ndi kukonza moto, komanso kuyeretsa kwa ng'anjo, zaka mazana ambiri zagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zida zosiyanasiyana, komanso chidwi chomwe amangidwira posachedwa. Mabukuwa akuphatikiza: kocherga kuti muswe malasha mutizidutswa tating'ono; zidebe ndi mabokosi amafuta; Malilime ndi foloko yapadera yokopa nkhuni zokongola; Burashi pa haitali; scoop. Zojambula zoteteza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza pansi chipinda cha chipinda choyaka. Komanso, zowonjezera zoyatsira moto zimaphatikizapo zokongoletsera zosiyanasiyana ndi baubs yomwe ili pa alumali pamoto. Zokongoletsera kwambiri ndizowoneka bwino kwambiri moto.
Zipangizo
Posachedwa, masangweji "amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zoyatsira moto ndi chimbuku. Sangweji ndi kapangidwe ka zipika ziwiri zophatikizika wina ndi mnzake. Kusiyana pakati pawo kumadzaza ndi kutentha kwamoto. Mapaipi okha amapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
Mapangidwe amakono "sangweji" amapangira maunduna ena poyerekeza ndi njerwa zawo. Ndiosavuta kwambiri, makoma awo ndi osalala kwambiri. Kednostok iyenera kuphatikiza kuchuluka kwakukulu komanso luso laling'ono lodzithandiza. Ndiye kuti, "masangweji" amafunikira thandizo lina, katundu wakunja sakulimbikitsidwa. Ngakhale kuti ma risiti totentha, ma roneys amafunikira (malinga ndi pansi) machubu oyendayenda ngati njerwa: Ayenera kuchotsedwa patali kwambiri ndi zophatikizira za khoma la sangweji) ndi kufupikira ku matlaps. Izi nthawi zina "zimayiwala" ogulitsa, koma oyang'anira motowo sangathe.
Zinthu zambiri zachikhalidwe za chimneys ndi mawonekedwe a njerwa. Burnes ndiye zofunika kwambiri. Pamaso la ng'anjo ya ng'anjo ya mwalawo, yomwe imapereka kutentha kwamphamvu, imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mpweya wotsekemera wa Chamotte kuchokera ku dongo loyaka ndi lamphaka. Imatha kupirira kutentha mpaka 1200s. Malo oyatsira moto, womwe ndi chizindikiro ndi nkhuni, ukhoza kuyipitsidwa kuchokera ku njerwa wamba (zomwe zidapangidwa kuti zitheke mpaka 800c). M'nkhani Yachikondi, njerwa ziyenera kukhala zapamwamba, kuwotchedwa bwino, popanda cholakwika kapena kusasamala, njerwa sizikugwirizana ndi luso lakelo pamakanikiti; Pali mitundu yochokera ku M50 mpaka M300). Njerwa yotentha kwambiri ili ndi utoto wosalala, ndikosavuta kupembedza ndikupereka dazonia, imagawika m'zidutswa zazikulu. Njerwa yofufuzidwa, yotchedwa Zheleznyak, imasiyanitsidwa ndi kumdima, pafupifupi zofiirira, m'malo owotcha. Ndizolimba kwambiri, tokha komanso tokha tokha timamangiriza yankho. Njerwa yotsika mtengo, m'malo mwake, kugwa, kumang'ambika mutizidutswa tating'ono, kumatenga madzi bwino. Njerwa ya ndulu iyenera kukhala ndi mawonekedwe a makona ophatikizira ndi nkhope zowoneka bwino komanso mawonekedwe osalala, osakhazikika komanso ming'alu. Kukula kwa njerwa - 25012065mm, chamotte bicks - 25012365mm. Nthawi zambiri zimasiyana wina ndi mzake ndi mamilimita angapo: 3mm, m'lifupi ndi kutalika, 2mm. Kunjana kwa mbozi ndi gawo lotsika la chimney, tikulimbikitsidwa kusankha njerwa yokhala ndi zopatulikira pang'ono kuchokera kumayendedwe okhazikika kuti apeze msoko wapamwamba kwambiri. Ena mwa opanga njerwa zapamwamba kwambiri, ndizotheka kutchula oboli, Ryazan, Borovichi ndi Borovichi ndi malo (Lode), Terva ndi Aseria). Mtengo wapakati wa Chimney Starry ndi ma ruble 7-8. kagawo; Njerwa yotumizidwa ndi njerwa za serier.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kwachiwiri kwa njerwa zomwe zapezeka pambuyo pa nyumba zokhala ndi nyumba zimaloledwa, chifukwa pamavuto a "magawo" osinthika amoto (maziko, pansawa). Koma pokhapokha ngati zinthu sizimawonongeka ndikutsukidwa kuchokera ku yankho lakale. Magawo omwewo akhoza kufalitsa njerwa yotsika mtengo kapena yochepetsedwa. Kubowola, kuvala njerwa komanso dzenje njerwa zogwiritsira ntchito zoyatsira moto zomwe sizikulimbikitsidwa.
Monga yankho, chisakanizo cha dongo, mchenga ndi madzi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pa katundu wake wapulasitiki, mayankho amagawidwa kukhala "khungu", labwinobwino komanso mafuta. "Skinny" pamwamba pa michere, ndi "mafuta", m'malo mwake, m'malo mwake. "Mayankho a Akhungu" omwe alibe chipitino chofunikira, ndipo ming'alu imapangidwa mu "mafuta" pakuyanika. Chifukwa chake, kwa malo oyaka moto, mayankho abwinobwino ndi abwinoko. Ndikotheka kudziwa mtundu wa yankho, ndikupanga zokongoletsera kapena mzere ndi makulidwe a 1-2 masentimita ndi kutalika kwa masentimita. Ngati mukukololedwa kuti musatambasute, koma imatsukidwa, Zikutanthauza kuti yankho lake ndi "khungu". Zokongoletsa kuchokera ku "mafuta" zimatambasuka ndipo sizimapereka ming'alu ikatha kusinthasinthasintha. Zomangirirani ku yankho labwinobwino ndikupanga ming'alu yaying'ono, ndipo potambasula ndizotheka ndi 15-20%.
Pofuna yankho, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito madzi, dongo ndi mchenga popanda zodetsa zilizonse, makamaka organic, zomwe zimagwera pambuyo pake kutentha kwambiri. Mchenga ndibwino kutenga quartz yaying'ono, yokhala ndi mizere yopitilira 1 mm (kakang'ono kake, wowondayo amapezeka). Madzi ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito oyera, osakhazikika (osakhala ndi calcium ndi magnesiachi). Clay amagwiritsanso ntchito chimodzimodzi ndi kupanga njerwa. Za Manja, dongo ya ChaMotte imafunika kuti onetry ochokera ku njerwa za chamotte. Kuti muwonjezere mphamvu ya yankho, simenti ya Portland imawonjezeredwa pakuwerengera simenti ya 1l portland pa ndowa ya yankho.
Atayala poyatsira moto
Malo oyatsira moto, monga uvuni, - kapangidwe kake kokwanira kwakukulu, nthawi zambiri kumafuna maziko osiyana. Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kuyika malo oyatsira moto ku chipangizo cha pansi ndi nyumba za denga, nthawi yomweyo popanga makhoma akuluakulu. Maziko a moto ndi mapaipi osuta amapangidwa ndi njerwa zakuthwa zamadzi, mwala wa boob kapena konkriti. Kuzama kwa zopezeka kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kuya kwa choyambirira cha nthaka. Pakati pa maziko a nyumbayo ndi malo oyatsira moto amafunikira kusiyana mu 50-55mm yodzazidwa ndi dothi. Sizikuletsedwa kutsatsa maziko ake, chifukwa amatha kupereka zozimitsa zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimazimitsidwa ndi ming'alu yomanga. Kukula kwa maziko mu dongosolo liyenera kukhala lonse lamoto (mapaipi) pofika 10-15 cm. Kuteteza poyatsira moto dothi, lopingasa lakudzitchinjiriza.Kufunika kokhazikitsa maziko osiyanawo kumayambitsa kukhazikitsa kwa malo oyaka moto mumtima wokonzeka. Ndizopindulitsa komanso ndizosavuta kuchita nthawi yomweyo ndikumanga nyumbayo. Kupanga malo oyaka moto pamtunda wapamwamba kumakhala kochepa chabe chifukwa cha maluso onyamula. Kuti mupeze yankho lolondola la funsoli, ngati kumanga kwamoto ndikotheka pankhaniyi, kuwerengera kwaukadaulo kwa kapangidwe kake kopilira ndikofunikira. Makina Ochenjera amafunikira katswiri wochita mabodza onse opanga njerwa, omwe akuwonetsa komwe kuli njerwa zamitundu mitundu ndi zinthu zina, masitepe, ashniks, etc. Malinga ndi madongosolo, mutha kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa zomangira. Monga lamulo, pafupifupi njerwa zikwizi zimachitika pamalo omanga moto wam'maso.
Maziko a moto wa moto umafuna kuti njerwa m'mbali zonse. Kuwongolera ntchitoyi, mafoni am'manja amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakhosi ofukula. Musanaike njerwa mu mzere wotsatira, zimasankhidwa kukula ndikuyang'ana kuvala kwa seams. Ma seams ayenera kukhala ocheperako ndipo odzaza ndi yankho (wotchedwa soure "kuphwanya"). Mu intra-yokhazikika ndi intracerrene danga, malo osungirako ena saloledwa, zochulukirapo zimachotsedwa. Malo owoneka omwe "osawoneka" omwe mphamvu zamagetsi ndizotheka kudzera mu seams, zitha kuchitidwa "cholowa" (osapitirira 10 mm) - kuti idutsenso. Mpaka ndi kutembenuka kwa chimney ndi khomo la gasi limatsekedwa, pomwe njerwa zimalumikizidwa ndi mawonekedwe ozungulira.
Zonse zopangidwa ndi zitsulo (zitseko, grate grads) ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa mokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta (5-10mm szor). Mosiyana ndi izi, zitsulo zidzawononga zomangazi. Mwambiri, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zochepa momwe mungathere.
Ndikofunikira kuphatikiza poyatsira moto pamoto, mitengo yachitsulo singagwiritsidwe ntchito izi. Chiwerengero cha njerwa mu chipilalacho ndi mizere mu chipilala chiyenera kukhala chosamvetseka. Ma valls ndi okwera komanso otsika, ocheperako, odekha kapena atatu apakati. Kuchuluka kwa mafuta nthawi zambiri kumakongoletsedwa ndi portal yosankhidwa mwamwayi. Kuyika masana ndi zida zokonzekera "Maloko", njerwa zimafunikira kuti apange mawonekedwe ovuta kapena kuchepetsa milingo yawo. Katswiri wa kuuma kwakale amatha kugawanitsa njerwa m'mbali iliyonse mothandizidwa ndi nyundo kapena masamba; Asitikali amakono panjirayi amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi malingaliro - "Bulgaria". Slap njerwa ili ndi mawonekedwe otayira, kotero njira yachiwiri ndiyofunika. Ndi zoletsedwa kulipira njerwa ndi slot kapena mbali ya msana mkati mwa ng'anjo kapena chimfine, chifukwa mphamvu ya nkhope izi ndi yotsika kuposa ena, ndipo omangayi adzakhala otsika.
Miyambo ya mapaipi
Kapangidwe ka makoswe amakono kudabwitsa mitundu yake, kumawonetsa masitayero onse ndi zomangamanga kuchokera pamwala kupita ku misinkhu. Zachidziwikire, nthawi zambiri, malo oyatsira moto amagwirizanitsidwa pakuzindikira ndi England yabwino ya Sherlock Holmes. Makamaka njira zosayembekezereka mwa masternanti osazindikira a magetsi amoto wamoto - Garda, monga Frenchman Iminic Iminic Imeber kapena Utch Haring ...
Ponena za miyambo ya Russia, imaphatikizapo kapangidwe kake ndi matanga. Ndiwo tating'ono ta njerwa yotentha, yokutidwa ndi nkhope ya nkhope. Zolemba za ng'anjozo sizikuyang'anizana, ngati matayala, ndikuyika nthawi yomangayi - malo omalizidwawo sadzawakongoletsa. Masanja amayika yankho ndipo amaphatikizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zigawo zaya ndi zitsulo. Adatulutsa njerwa za njerwa za njerwa wamba, zoolovichy ndi mafakitale a Borovichky, komanso makampani a ku Germany, mayiko ndi Scandinavia. Kuphatikiza pa zokongoletsera, matailosi amathetsa vuto lothandiza la mphamvu yamafuta a ng'anjo. Chifukwa chake, kuyika kwa mapepala amoto kumachitika pafupipafupi (ngati zifika ku malo oyatsira moto, osati za ng'anjos - moto). Ndikofunika kwambiri chifukwa cha cholinga ichi kuti mugwiritse ntchito makilogalamu okonzeka opanga zopanga.
Lamulani padoko lolimba lomwe limapangidwa mwanjira inayake, opanga amadabwitsidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zovuta zokhazokha ndikuwonetsa molondola kukula kwa malonda. Opanga zopanga zambiri zopanga moto zimawatulutsa mu mawonekedwe okonzeka mabatani okonzekera a recrekotar-to preecle ndi gawo lodziwika bwino (nthawi zambiri masentimita 5-10). Ngati ndi kotheka, kampaniyo idzakhala pachiwopsezo cha kukula kulikonse, koma mtengo wake udzakhala 20-30%. Mwambiri, mtengo wa malo pamoto umasiyanasiyana umasiyana kwambiri ndipo zimatengera nkhani zomwe zimapangidwa. Chifukwa chake, zida zapadziko lonse lapansi zitha kuwononga madola mazana angapo, ndipo portal of the Spain Compecation a Arriaga imachokerapo kwambiri Soyx ili kale madola masauzande angapo. Kuphatikiza apo, ena mwa opanga athu, tsatanetsatane wa zoyatsira moto zimapangidwa molingana ndi zojambula zamakampani akunja, koma kuchokera ku zida zapakhomo ndikusonkhana pamalo okhazikitsa. Nthawi yomweyo, makasitomala amatha kusankha mtundu malinga ndi cholembera ndikuthandizira kuti munthu asinthe. Zinthu zokongola za Vitaga ndizotsika mtengo. Tiyeni tinene kuti malo oyaka moto ochokera ku France Kampani amalonda, kampani yolembedwa "padziko lonse lapansi" idzawononga wogula pa $ 2000-3000, kutengera nkhaniyo (chipolopolo, ndi zina).
Kupitiliza kukambirana kumazenera pamoto, tikuwona kuti kalaikisi, apirir ndi dziko (kapena "ndulic") amagawika. Malo oyatsira moto oyambilira anali atatuluka. Kuphweka, kuperewera kwamphamvu, mphamvu yamphamvu "era ya sarra" yamphamvu "imapangitsa kuti" ndulu "yotchuka kwambiri komanso tsopano. Poyatsa zithunzi mu mzimuwu kumapangidwa ndi Rene Blisach ndi Europe. Zithunzizo zimakongoletsedwa ndi marble odulidwa, osoka, a sandstone. Izi ndizosavuta kupanga, motero ndizotsika mtengo. Koma taganizirani izi: Kuposa mwala womwe ndi wofewa, mwachangu womwe umayipitsidwa ndi soti komanso zovuta zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitheke ndi uve. Pazinthu zapamwamba, mitundu yosavuta komanso yokongola ndiyopambana, kuphatikizana mogwirizana. Makina oyaka moto owoneka bwino nthawi zambiri amachitidwa pamatabwa osiyanasiyana, nthawi zambiri. Portal ikhoza kukongoletsedwa ndi calfera okongoletsera. Mfundo yofunika kwambiri ya zigawenga za Chingerezi, zomwe ziyenera kukhala kutalika kotero kuti ndizotheka kuphunzira. Ng'anjo mu zowotcha za Chingerezi ndizotseguka komanso zosafunikira, zomwe zimalola kugwiritsa ntchito kumneres wa gawo laling'ono la mtanda. Kampu ya KClassic imaphatikizanso zinthu zambiri zosema (United Kingdom).
APEIRE APELETED nthawi ya Napoleon Bovarte. Zojambula zamoto zimapangidwa ndi marble komanso odziwika ndi ena. Madulidwe a nkhanza ya Antalogy. Caryatads, mzati, ma sphinxes, omangidwa, adalamulira pazokambirana mu xixvek. Malo oyatsira moto otere amapangidwa lero ndi Arriaga (Spain), piazztta (Italy).
Mitundu yamakono yamakono ndi yosiyanasiyana. Nayi yamakono, ndipo a Ar amanyengerera, ngakhale tech apamwamba. Nkhondo ya Avant "yoyatsira moto yodziwika bwino" ikhoza kupezeka ku Boley (Holland), Bordelet, Arkiane, cholinga (Fraus). Opanga amakono amayesa molimba mtima ndi mawonekedwe ndi zinthu za ng'anjo, ndikupanga nthawi zina makina ojambula kwambiri. Palibe chowoneka bwino komanso kunjenjemera "magolovesi okhalamo" komabe amakhala ...
Bungwe la Erwarion liyamika 'Kaminats - Katundu "," KFeliit "," Kferon "," Brrown "," Agrroekt "yothandizira pokonzekera zinthu.