Magalasi ndi matristol arpils: Malizani, kumaliza, kupanga misa ndi mapangidwe a galasi lamakono, galasi la murano.
Kulowetsa: Chilumba cha Murano gwiritsani ntchito mbale zoonda kwambiri zagolide, kuyikanso nyenyezi zomwe zidalipo
Magalasi a Mose amapezeka ndi nthito za zidutswa zagalasi
Mitsinje- "maquarium". Choyamba, nsomba ndi malo okhala zimapangidwa, kenako zimadyetsedwa mu mawonekedwe owonekera.
Galasi la Murano. Pankhani ya mipata imakongoletsedwa ndi ulusi wokhazikika wagalasi
Mipata yochokera ku ma plassia a mtundu wa utoto
Galasi idapangidwa ku Egypt yakale, ndipo mwina mwachisawawa. Galasi loyamba lomwe limapezeka ndi akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale limatchedwa m'badwo wankhana. Masiku ano, mitundu ikuluikulu yagalasi ija imagwiritsidwa ntchito, matekinoloje opitilira asanu popanga zinthu kuchokera kwa iyo komanso njira pafupifupi makumi awiri akunja.
Zomwe sizimapangidwa ndi galasi! Mukukumbukira magalasi abwino kwambiri ndi magalasi a vinyo a chomera cha Gus-Cristol, chomwe chakongoletsa antchito onse osasiyana? Abomamu Glass Golide, wobiriwira ndi wofiira, mutu wonyada wa mbuye aliyense! Koma galasi silimayimilira pamenepo, ndipo msika wathu wogonjetsa mitundu yonse yakunja yagalasi ndi kristalo. Ndiye momwe mungapezere mitundu yawo yonse? Ndipo ambiri, kodi mtundu uwu ndi chiyani? Mutha kupeza yankho m'nkhaniyi.
Kupanga Ukadaulo
Magalasi athu wamba amapezeka ndi kuphatikizidwa kwa quartz ndi oxisis a zitsulo zosiyanasiyana. Gawo lalikulu lagalasi lalikulu ndi silicon dioxide. Chotsani pamchenga wa quartz. M'mbuyomu mugalasisi, laimu kapena choko tawonjezedwa, omwe adapanga galasi, woonda komanso wanzeru. Tsopano ukadaulo uwu sunagwiritsidwe ntchito. Kuphatikiza pota kapena koloko imapereka galasi loyera komanso lopepuka, chifukwa chodzaza, choyenera kuwumba. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, kristalo idapezeka ku XVIIVEK ku England. Kuti muchite izi, onjezani kutsogolera pagalasi. Kuchokera pagalasi wamba, galasi limadziwika ndi mphamvu yowala ndi mtundu wotsekemera kwambiri wa kuwala, potero kusewera ndi mitundu yonse ya utawaleza. Ndizokhazikika ndipo imatha kudulidwa.Kuti muchepetse (toning) yagalasi mu nthawi yosungunula zowonjezera zitsulo. Mwachitsanzo, chitsulo chidzapanga zobiriwira zobiriwira kapena chikasu, zachikasu, chikasu, green green-green (galasi lotchedwa injini), siliva wa Conlot) , mkuwa - ofiira. Palinso mtundu wagalasi ngati fupa ndi mkaka. Choyamba chimapezeka pomata galasi la mafupa omasulira, yachiwiri imapangidwa ndi kuwonjezera kwa chisakanizo chakutchire komanso kusungunuka. AESLI wa Swipel yemweyo kuti agwetse zigamba zagalasi mu digiri yofooka kwambiri, galasi la opera
.Tekinoloje yopanga galasi ndi galasi ndi zaka zambiri sizinasinthe. Magalasi akale kwambiri a chakudya, monga kale, mothandizidwa ndi mitundu iwiri, yakunja ndi yamkati. Kusiyana pakati pawo kumadzaza ndi galasi lalikulu, kenako ndikuwotcha zomwe zili mu ng'anjo.
Magalasi owombera aulere amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu rome wakale mu 75-50 zaka za Don.E. Thuti yolumikizira imavinsidwa mugalasi yosungunuka mu ng'anjo. Kenako, adathamangitsa chubu kuchokera ku ng'anjo, yokulungira misa pamwala kapena chitsulo pansi, ndikuupatsa mawonekedwe a cylindrical. Kutembenuza malonda pa chubu cha ndodo, powomba khosi la chotengera. Pamapeto pa njirayi, ndodo yafooketsa, chonsanga kenako chopukutidwa.
Kukamba kwagalasi mwa mawonekedwe kunagawidwa kwambiri mu XVIII-XIX zaka zambiri. Malinga ndi ukadaulo uwu, malonda ake amapereka mabungwe oyambira pogwiritsa ntchito chubu, kenako ndikuyiyika mu nkhuni kapena chitsulo, okhazikika komanso kukonzedwa. Magalasi owonda kapena owombera ndiosavuta kupeza njirayi kuchokera ku chubu.
Galasi lokhalapo lidapangidwa koyamba mu ma 25-kgs a xixvek ku America, kuchokera pomwe linalowa ku Europe. Ndi njira yatsopano yosinthiragalasi yambiri, pomwe idathiridwa mu mkuwa kapena mawonekedwe achitsulo ndikupindika pogwiritsa ntchito zolembedwa. Njira ngati imeneyi ndi zowonjezera ndi kusintha kwa Rena Lilik ndi Galen.
Mitundu yokongoletsa yagalasi
Njira zambiri za zokongoletsera zamkati ndi kunja kwa zinthu zamagalasi zimadziwika. Tizikhala zosangalatsa komanso zosangalatsa.
Njira "Galasi Yarn": Pamagalasi okonzekereratu chisanachitike chimachepetsa ulusi wa kapu ya mtundu wina kapena kuwonekera kwina. Patitu kuchokera ku ulusiwu ukhoza kukhala wosiyana ndikupanga galasi la gridi (retichell), ulusi wodzazidwa (nthenga) kapena owoneka bwino (fialree). Pa chilumba cha Murano ku Venice, kusintha kwina kwa njirayi - Millefiriori ("mitundu ino) idapangidwa. Mapulogalamu anga agalasi kapena machubu amapanga maluwa (chifukwa chake dzinalo) amasinthidwa. Nthawi yomweyo, thovu lowonekeratu limawombedwa mu zinthuzo pogwiritsa ntchito singano zowonda (malingana ndi mfundo ya syringe), ndipo ulusi wowoneka bwino umapanga mpweya wabwino umapanga mpweya wa mugalu.
Glass Laling Laling (chingwe, kapena Krakl) amapezeka pomiza malo ogwirira ntchito m'madzi ozizira, omwe amapangidwa pamwamba pa ming'alu yopanda tsankho (Cracker). Kenako galasi limasinthidwanso ndipo likuwomba.
Kupanga galasi laumulo kumafuna mbuye wotchuka kwambiri. Kuwomba kapena kuthilira mosiyanasiyana m'magalasi angapo owoneka bwino, kapena ophimbidwa ndi zigawo zachikuda kuchokera mkati. Kenako zigawozo zimakhazikika, zokutira kapena zopangidwa ndi Kameu.
Galasi la Mose: nkhungu yoponyera imadzazidwa ndi magalasi ang'onoang'ono amitundu. Kenako mawonekedwe amayika mu uvuni, ndipo zidutswazo zimasungunuka.
Maonekedwe wamba akokongoletsa kunja kwa galasi-penti. Itha kupangidwa munjira yozizira (ma opaque imayikidwa pamwamba popanda kuwombera) ndi enamel ndi kuwombera (enamel agalasi (enamel agalasi (enamel agalasi (enamel agalasi (enamel agalasi (enamel agalasi (enamel agalasi (enamel agalasi (enamel agalasi (enamel agalasi (enamel agalasi (enamel agalasi)
Glaze imachitika pogwiritsa ntchito zitsulo ziwiri zokha zasiliva (zimapereka chikasu cha chikasu) ndi mkuwa (limakhala wakuda kapena wofiyira).
Njira yogwiritsa ntchito njira yagalasi imawalira. Utoto umasinthasintha kuchokera ku zoyera zoyera mpaka golide wofiira. Tekinolo yagalimoto idapangitsa kuti zigalasi za tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono.
Golide ndi amodzi mwa zida zotchuka kwambiri pokongoletsa mbale. Zojambula zowonda zimatha kunyoweka pakati pa zigawo zagalasi (zophatikizira, zotchuka ku Bohemia) kapena kuphimba kunja. Ndikothekanso kupaka nkhope ya golide oxide (uku ndikotsika kuposa zojambula, chifukwa chake zimatengera zotchuka).
Etaling kapena Satin (malinga ndi njira iyi ya tekinoloje lalterol Lalique) idayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu 1771 potsegulidwa mu 1771 ndi kutsegulidwa kwa asidi. Acid imapangitsa kuti galasi liziyenda bwino, ndipo likuyang'aniridwa. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito pansi kwathunthu (pomwe imakhala yosalala komanso yosalala) kapena kusankha (zojambula zokha).
Pamwamba pali zojambulazo kapena zojambula zokhazo zomwe zingakonzedwe ndi mtsinje wa osciltem mchenga wa matirige. Zimakhala zofanananso, monga kuvulala kwa asidi, koma ndegeyo imayamba kudula, kupindika.
Crystal ndizachilendo kuti tichite bwino. Kujambula kumayikidwa pamwamba ndi diamondi. Mapangidwe amapezeka ngati atasilira ndi osaya. Kudulidwa mwachizolowezi kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito odula miyala ya dayamondi komanso zozungulira zapadera zopera. Zimapereka mawonekedwe, ophatikizika kwambiri pansi. Mapilala diamondi: piramidi ya rhombic imawonetsedwa pa ndege.
Kupera kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zozungulira ndi zopangidwa ndi azitona. Njira yowotcha galasi yowotchera, malovu kapena mabwalo kuchokera kugalasi owoneka bwino komanso owoneka bwino amapanga ndege yosanja.
Chifukwa chake, tinakumana ndi momwe galasi limapangidwa ndi momwe zingapangidwire. Tsopano ndi nthawi yoti mudziwe zopangidwa ndi zinthu zamakono zagalasi. Zachidziwikire, makampani amatulutsa galasi ndi mbale za galasi ndi zambiri, kunena za zonse mu nkhani imodzi yaying'ono ndizosatheka. Chifukwa chake kudziletsa okha mtundu wotchuka kwambiri wakunja.
Aliyense ndi aliyense
Tiyeni tiyambe kuwunika zomwe zilipo kwa aliyense - ndi zinthu zambiri. Tekinoloje yopanga itapanga imapangidwa mopangira, koma ndizosatheka kuchita popanda kugwira ntchito yamanja. Zojambula za fomu ndi zokongoletsa zimagwira opanga. Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zimapangidwa mu cholembera kapena mawonekedwe, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti chikhale chotsika mtengo, popanda kulanda phindu lokongola.Mtundu woyamba womwe ukufunika kulipidwa - Iitta (Finland). Galasi ya Italala imapangidwa ndi ukadaulo wapadera, ndi kuwonjezera kwa laimu. Zakudya zimapezeka ndi zowoneka bwino, zowonda, koma zosasangalatsa komanso zosakhala zowonongeka zamakina. Zimalekerera kutsuka bwino.
Kapangidwe ka Finland kuli kofunika padziko lonse lapansi, komanso nthumwi ya Itatala-zoyimira dziko lino. Minimalism, kayendedwe ka 1950-19-19-19-19-19-19-19-19-19-19-19-19-19-19-19-19-19-199 Mwa zina mwa zopereka zake ndi zinthu za "kalasi" yopangidwa mu 1950-1970. Pewani zopangidwa zamakono zomwe zingachitike zimabwezedwa. Ojambula ochokera ku Finland, Sweden, Germany amagwira ntchito yopanga iyi. Magalasi, Kaleka, misempha, zoyikapo nyali zimadziwika ndi kuphweka ndi kutanthauzira kwa mitundu ndi zokongoletsera zazing'ono. Palibe zojambula, malonda ndi mithunzi imodzi yopanda utoto kapena yosalala ya imvi, yoyera, yakuda, yofiirira, yabuluu, yobiriwira, yobiriwira. Mitengo kuchokera $ 5 (magalasi ang'onoang'ono) mpaka $ 100 (zaka zambiri ndi miphika). Ngati mukufuna kupereka mphatso, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mapepala a Iittala, omwe amaphatikiza mipata, mbale, pulasitiki yoyambirira, glaze-glack ndi zokongoletsedwa ndi galasi komanso galasi . Zinthu izi ndi zokwera mtengo kwambiri, koma zimapezekabe - kuyambira $ 50 (Vase).
Deadlass ndi mpingo (United Kingdom) - Miyoyo yokhudzana: Amapangidwa kuti athandize popanda kugwiritsa ntchito ndalama zochulukirapo kuti azitha kudya chakudya wamba. Zovala zamagetsi ziyenera kusamala ndi magalasi omwe amagulitsidwa m'mapaketi atatu. Magalasi oyambira oyambira omaliza amakongoletsedwa ndi wolamulira kuti ayese kuchuluka kwa zosakaniza. Pali zitsamba zapadzikonda za jamle-bamboo, hieroglyphs, chinjoka. Dedzass imagwira ntchito zonse ziwiri ndi galasi lowoneka ndi mitengo yamchenga.
Chuma chagalasi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, ndikumachita maluwa ndi chimbudzi. Amaperekedwa zopatukana ndi maluwa onse kapena maluwa, kuchokera ku Gerbera kupita ku ChaMomile, kuchokera ku maluwa. Ndikosavuta kunyamula mbale zonse m'mawonekedwe amodzi (makapu a mitundu yosiyanasiyana, Kalente, mabotolo, etc.). Varniants wa zokongoletsa magalasi ndi malamulo akusintha maimelo. Mitengo yopanga mitundu iwiri iyi ili pafupifupi chimodzimodzi: 3 Packnana - kuyambira $ 20.
Magalasi ojambula ojambula ogwiritsa ntchito andiitaria, otsika mtengo komanso okwera mtengo (Italy), Luminarc ndi Arcoroc (Frartington Crystal (United Kingdom).
Opanga ambiri sachita mantha kuti adzapezeke m'nyumba iliyonse ndipo safuna kukhala ndi sunrexclud. M'malo mwake, kukhulupirika kwawo kumapezeka pagulu. Yves nthawi yomweyo atatha kuyika nthabwala zowoneka bwino ngakhale chinthu chophweka monga, kunena, fuder a champagne. Maonekedwe oyambilira amasinthasintha kapena kugonjetsani kusanja kwamisala. Ntchito za ambuye oterowo ndizotsika mtengo, kugula ngakhale malo osungira tebulo sikungakulepheretseni bajeti yanu. Yves nthawi yomweyo mnyumbamo mulowa munyumbayo, kukongola, nthabwala. Kutsogolo kumene opanga awa amawerengera anthu ang'onoang'ono, mapapu okulirapo pofuna kuyesa. Koma amadziwanso momwe angakondweretse oimira akulu akulu popanga lakuthwa pang'ono mu malo osokoneza bongo. Tikutanthauza, koposa zonse, zolengedwa zojambula ngati Leonardo (Germany), Ritenhoff (Germany) ndi Kosta Bolimi (Sweden).
Zolemba zopanga zotsika mtengo
Ndondomeko yoyamba ku Germany mu kuwunika kwathu - Leonardo, kugwira ntchito ndigalasi kale komanso bwino kwambiri. Chinthu chachikulu sichingasokoneze ndi makampani ena, njira imodzi kapena inanso dzina la Eonardo da Vinci likhala likusewera mu mayina. Wopanga wa ku Germany, yemwe tilankhula nawo, amapereka zogulitsa zanu ndi zilembo zamtambo ndi mitambo yoyera ndi mawu a Leonardo. Tekinoloje yolamwa kalasi, ngakhale ndiyo kuphweka kwake, sizipangitsa zinthu kukhala zopanda pake zochepa, koma zimangokupatsani mwayi wotulutsa maphwando akuluakulu kuti agwire ntchito yodziwika bwino. Ambiri mwa Leonardo amakonda magalasi opanda utoto ndi masewera omwe ali ndi mafomu. Zophatikiza za kampaniyo zimaphatikizanso zinthu zam'manja za mphatso ndi kungokongoletsa chipindacho. Leonardo amakonda mapangidwe amakono, avant-Garde ndi Minimalism ndipo sachita mantha ndi kalembedwe ka pop. Nthawi zambiri, gwiritsani ntchito zitheke, imagwiritsa ntchito zithunzi za Santa Claus ndi Mickey Maus. Yves nthawi yomweyo amayesetsa kupanga zinthu zake kukhala zothandiza momwe angathere, nthawi zambiri nyama imodzi kapena mbale yomwe ingakhale ndi zolinga zosiyanasiyana. Ine sindine mizere yolunjika, iwo amapotozedwa, amasankhidwa, kuwerama.
Kukongoletsa zinthu zake Leonardo kumatsimikizira kufunikira kwakukulu. Malo okongola osalala amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Ngati mutuwo udakali wokongoletsedwabe, ndiye kuti zofala kwambiri za Zeroglyphs, mafomu a geometric, komanso nkhalango ndi zidole ndi njoka. Zogulitsa zautoto "zimawopseza" mtundu wawo wamtchire. Utotowu ndi wosakhazikika, wowala, kuyambira tsiku lililonse, ndi mankhwala a herbal, malasha, ofiira, Lazo, mkaka, ngakhale chitsulo. Mitengo ndi yotsatira: magalasi ndi magalasi- $ 12, mbale - $ 20, Vaza- $ 38.
Ndipo komabe, pamalo opangira, Leonardo ndi mwana chabe poyerekeza ndi Ritzeboff. Wopanga uyu amatulutsa magalasi, magalasi, magalasi, AshTrays, makapu a mitundu yaying'ono, koma sadzatcha zojambula zawo mwanjira iliyonse. Kampaniyo imalimbitsa mpikisano pakati pa opanga ndi ojambula chaka chilichonse ndikusankha omwe "amapanga nyengo" posachedwa. Galasi Ritzehoff ndi wambandadi, yopezeka poponyera. Koma chojambulachi chimayikidwa pamanja, ndipo nthawi zambiri ojambula omwe adapanga zojambula. Zojambula zosiyanasiyana, zojambulajambula, zojambulajambula, primitivism, avant-dipo. Mbali yayikulu yosiyanitsa ndi zokongoletsera za ritzeoff-rour ndi lingaliro loyambirira. Chopereka cha wopanga aliyense wayamba kuchokera ku zinthu zosakwana 1,000 mpaka 300 ndipo amatayidwa ndi nthawi imodzi, osabwereza. Zinthu zonse zimagulitsidwa phukusi lopangidwa ndi wolemba yemweyo, wokhala ndi chikalata chowona, autograph wa Mlengi ndi nkhani yokhudza chojambulachi. Zopereka zina zimaperekedwa ndi chopukutira kapena kuyimirira. Koma, ngakhale kuti galasi Ritzeboff ndilosonkhana ndi mphatso yabwino, mitengo ndi yotsika. Mwachitsanzo, galasi la mkaka mu bokosi lopanga munthu limalanda pafupifupi $ 30.
Kampani ya Sweden Kosta, monga akumandene onse, amadziwika ndi kutentha kobisika. Ikugwiritsa ntchito galasi lovuta: Pali zinthu ndi cobat, ndi kristalo, ndi krakle (ayezi). Tekinoloje - kuponyera, kuchuluka kwa mtundu umodzi kuli mpaka 1000. Nsembe zimatulutsa nthawi imodzi, koma mkati mwa nthawi yoyandikira, mutha kuyitanitsa chinthu chomwe mumakonda pafakitale. Chimodzi mwazosankha za kumaliza kwakunja ndikuphimba ndi siliva weniweni ndi zotsatira za Wagonism, patina. Uwu ndiye phwando la kampani. Kosta Bolimi adapereka zopereka za Vaz, kukhazikitsa zinthu, mphatso ndi mawotchi. Kwa mphatso, ukadaulo wapadera wamagalasi amagwiritsidwa ntchito: Zogulitsa zomwe zimadulidwa zimapakidwa utoto, ndiye kuti galasi lopanda utoto limayikidwanso, kenako mtundu wake mpaka kalekale. Zotsatira zake ndi chinthu kutsogolo, ndipo mukayang'ana pa ngodya, mtundu wapezeka mkati, ndi chinanso. Ndipo malo achitetezo nthawi zonse ndigalasi lopaka utoto mu mawonekedwe a Uttisse. Pa siginecha iliyonse ya opanga ndi ojambula. Mitengo ndi yopezeka bwino: Magalasi asiliva - kuyambira $ 35 pachidutswa, mitengo yayikulu ya cobabala - kuyambira $ 60.
M'gulu lino, ndimafunanso kutchula za Orrefors mtundu (Sweden) ndi Egizia (Italy).
Chikondwerero cha Estetov
Ndipo tsopano tiyeni tikambirane za zikwangwani za opanga otchuka, omwe amapanga zinthu makamaka patebulo. Zachidziwikire, izi sizongokhala, mawonekedwe apamwamba komanso mtundu wokhazikika, chizindikiro cha chuma komanso ulemu. Iva imaphatikizaponso zinthu zapadera zokha zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha paukwati kapena zomwe zimachitika, komanso zodzichepetsa komanso zotsika mtengo.Nkhani yokhudza magalasi kuti tiyambire mtundu wa Chidziwitso cha Christchle. Kwenikweni, amadziwika kwambiri chifukwa cha siliva wake, koma sizimataya zonse (zongolira zokha, osati galasi). UCHristofle mupeza chilichonse kuti "chakumwa chokongola" ". Mutu wa kunyada kwapadera ndi magalasi osiyanasiyana, magalasi, magalasi, ku Kafukufuku wopangidwa makamaka ndi zakumwa zosiyanasiyana (zopondaponda). Christinal Christ Christ umapangidwa pamanja ndikusangalatsa kwambiri. Kujambula kumayikidwa pamtunda, komwe kumachitika, komwe kumapangitsa kuwunika. Dziwani momwe mafalimo amayendera ndi siliva wapadera komanso siliva, njira yomwe imasungidwa chinsinsi. Siliva amakhalapo m'malo ojambula owoneka bwino kwambiri chifukwa cha milandu yaukadaulo (miyendo ya magalasi, zomangira za macitilo, penti). Ngakhale kuti mtunduwo ndi wopanda tsankho mu kapangidwe kakale popanda zowonjezera, galasi la France nthawi zonse limabwera ndi chinthu chatsopano. Ma siliva ndi golide adzapezekanso popanga ma rodka. Ndipo iyi si chibowi kapena chojambula chophweka, koma ukadaulo wapadera wopopera mkati. Mtengo wa magalasi a kristal wopanda siliva ndi kuchokera pa $ 50.
A Mark Northford ochokera ku Ireland ndi demokalase. Imaperekedwa kwathunthu pakumwa ndi chakudya, ndi zinthu zokongoletsa kunyumba (miphika, zifaniziro), kuphatikizapo kusonkhanitsa zochitika zapadera (ukwati, chaka chatsopano). Chinthu chodziwika bwino cha madzi ndi ukadaulo wowonjezera silika wofikira mugalasi, zomwe zimapangitsa galasi lofewa ndi wankhondo. Izi zidapangitsa kuti zitheke kupanga zodula zodziwika bwino za diamondi (kuti zisasokonezedwe ndi zojambula). Pamwamba pa cholakwika cha galasi, ngati kuti chikukutidwa ndi diamondi ya diamondi. Kampaniyo imagawa zotengera zawo m'malo mwa zaka zachuma: Anthu akuluakulu amapatsidwa crystares yodula, yolemetsa, yolimba, achinyamata ndi otakamwa. Zogulitsa "zachikulirezo" zimapangidwa momasuka - kuyambira pophulika kudula, kristalo "kwa achinyamata" osavuta, yoponyedwa. Mafomu ndi zokongoletsera za "wamkulu" wa osakhazikika komanso odulidwa (pang'ono ndi diamondi), "wachinyamata" woperekera ma avant-arsely ndikugwiritsa ntchito pogaya, kudula, kudula kwa zinthu payekha (miyendo,). Waterford ndi mtundu womwe mumakonda kwa Purezidenti wa US, madyerero a Faulamu adutsa chokha ndi kristalo. Itha kuwoneka mu sinema, makapu pamasewera ndi mphotho zimapangidwa ndi izi. Ngakhale izi, mtengo wamagalasi wochokera ku "wamkulu" wa "wamkulu" wochokera $ 40, komanso wochokera ku "wachichepere" - kuyambira $ 15.
Kwa anthu omwe akufuna kupanga tebulo lokha, koma nyumba yonse mu mawonekedwe apamwamba imatha kulangizidwa ndi Villeroyboch. Kafukufuku woyamba wa China. Kampaniyi idachokera ku Xixvek ndipo inali yabwino kwambiri ya anthu olemera kwambiri komanso odziwa kwambiri ku Europe, kuphatikiza mabanja a mabanja achifumu. Koma nthawi imafuna kusintha. Kuti tipewe malingaliro pamapeto pake, Kampaniyo idayamba kumasula zambiri ndi kristalo, komanso magawo osiyanasiyana a tebulo (magawo azomwe amapitilira), ndipo posachedwa - zinthu zogona. Crystal Villeroch wopepuka, wokhala ndi zotsogola zochepa, koma zowonjezera (kuti ziwonjezere gritter) siliva ndi koloko. Zokongoletsera zokomera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mawonekedwe a asidi. Mawonekedwe a magalasi ndi apamwamba, chizindikiro chodziwika bwino chimakonda ma concervatism, chimamatira kukoma kwambiri ndikutsatira mtundu wopanda cholakwa cha malonda ake. Mutha kusiyanitsa zinthu za villeroyboch mwa kusintha koyenda kuchokera ku mwendo kupita pagalasi ndi diamondi kudula mpira. Ngakhale mawu owopsa, monga "Conservatism" ndi "cror cror crrterok, sikuti amawopseza mtengo wake - mtengo wagalasi kuchokera pa $ 40.
Komanso, ndizosatheka kusamala ndi mtundu wa baccarat (France) ndipo, inde, zopangidwa payokha zomwe zimapangidwa ndi galasi ndi galasi la opanga), mopitirira muyeso mu msika waku Russia.
Pa chilumba cha Murano ku Venice, mbewu zambiri zimapanga zinthu zotsika mtengo zomwe nthawi zambiri zimatibweretsera ife pansi pagalasi la munzian lokhala ndi mitengo. Pofuna kuti musakuchitireni zachinyengo, muyenera kudziwa kuti galasi yapadera ija limangopanga zomera zochepa pachilumbachi. Galasi la Murano silingasokonezedwe ndi wina aliyense, ndi loyera, lolemera, lopachikidwa ndi zitsulo ma oxiles ogwiritsa ntchito ulusi wa zingwe zokhala ndi masleti kapena zomangira.
Art Art
Zinthu zopangidwa ndi galasi ndi krustal, zomwe zitha kukhazikitsidwa muudindo wa zaluso, paliponse padziko lapansi. Izi ndi zinthu zonse zopangidwa ndi dzanja, chidutswa, choperekedwa ndi satifiketi, siginecha ndi manambala. Mitengo ya zinthu ngati izi mulibe malire, koma kanthu kakang'ono kakugawidwanso kwa munthu wokhala ndi kukoma pakati. Magalasi ndi marystal ntchito zaluso zimapangitsa mkati mwa kusala, sizikhala powonekera. Mabuku omwe adzafotokozedweranso amaperekedwanso mdziko lathu, koma kugula kungakhale kotsika mtengo, ndipo kusankha kwake ndi kowonjezereka. Chomwe chofananachi chidzakhala Chikumbutso chosangalatsa cha ulendowu. Galasi la Murano, monga mwapadera kwambiri, palibe wina, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito nkhani inayake. Apa tikambirana zochepa za mtundu Wake, zomwe, m'malingaliro athu, zimayenera chidwi.
Tiyeni tiyambire ndi mawonekedwe. Mupeza zinthu zake pafupifupi ma saloni onse a Russia, koma zozizwitsa. Mtengo wagalasi la formia imakhala yotsika (ngakhale nthawi zina timakhala ovomerezeka), ndipo mulingo wa maluso a scricm ndi ochepa chabe. Penyani zinthu zitha kupezeka mitundu yonse ya maliza ndi kunja komwe zatchulidwa m'nkhaniyi. AESLI kupeza chomaliza chagalasi owonjezera ndege zapamwamba kwambiri, kenako ntchito zaluso zomwe sizimachita manyazi kupatsa kapena kubweretsa monga solovenir. Kanema wa Konk - Zisanu ndi zosiyanasiyana: nsomba, akavalo, amuna aang'ono oseketsa.
Ndipo tsopano za akatswiri ojambula otchuka a ku Munzisi. Seguso amakongoletsa zinthu ndi utoto, ulusi, zokongoletsera zabwino kwambiri. Komanso, zojambulazo zabwino kwambiri zimabalalika ziwiya pamtengo wocheperako, ndikupanga mphamvu ya mares agolide. Wopanga Gianpolo Seguzo, woimira mzera wagalasi lagalasi, adakhazikitsa ntchito yake mu 1397, amakonda kuphatikiza mitundu yagalasi-cobat, yomanga, yowoneka bwino. Masters onse amasaina, owerengedwa ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi satifiketi. Zipinda za neguso zimaphatikizapo miphika, mbale zokongoletsera, chosema, pulasitiki zabwino.
Makampani awiri aposachedwa sachita nawo zinthu za tebulo, ntchito yawo ndi zokongoletsera ndi mphatso. Malizani nkhani yagalasi ya wopanga ndi galasi limafuna nkhani yaying'ono yokhudza Lalique Brand (France). Wojambula waluso waial adayambitsa miyala yamtengo wapatali yomwe ndi dzina lake, mu 1885. Pambuyo pake, maestro adatengedwa ndigalasi. Pakupanga kristalo yake, kampaniyo yapanga galasi lapadera ndi siliva. Votchchychi kuchokera ku mitundu ina, lalque imawomba ndikumayatsa galasi lokhalo, ndipo njira yozizira imatha kupitirira maola opitilira 200. Zinthu zonse zimapangidwa pamanja pafakitale ndikudutsa masigalasi a 30rruk agalasi, magalasi agalasi, ndi zina zambiri, musanakhale m'sitolo. Kulira konse kumakhudzidwa ndi kusankha koyenera, 20% yokha ya zinthu zopangidwa zimayamba kugulitsa. Crystal amakonzedwa mu maluso a Satin (Thermal Acid Soardid). Njirayi imamupatsa kuwala kwakuda. Ndemanga za lalque zimaphatikizapo zifanizo, misempha, mbale, magalasi ndi ma chart a vinyo. Nkhani yosilira yakhala nthawi yayitali mabotolo ammizimu omwe amapangidwa mosacheperako ndipo pafupifupi sanabwereze. Kutengera kwapadera kwa zodzikongoletsera za kristalo, mkanda, mphete, mphete. Koma komabe kutsogolo kwakukulu kwa kampani - Vose ndi pulasitiki yaying'ono.
Lalique amagwiritsa ntchito zojambula zamakono, komanso zojambula za chiyambi cha renee wa Lalik ndi ambuye ake. Zogwirizana - nyama ndi zamafuta m'dziko, ziwerengero za akazi ndi angelo adakhazikika pansi pa zamakono ndi ar. Mafuta a Lalique omwe adakhazikitsidwa, omwe alipo zatsopano ndi zophatikiza za mtunduwo, zitha kupezeka padziko lonse lapansi. Ogwira ntchito zamitu kuchokera ku Lalique angakhale otsimikiza kuti ali ndi chuma chenicheni m'manja, chomwe sichidzataya mtengo wake.
Crystal yazithunzi zojambulajambula zimaperekanso Duam (France) ndi fakitale ya chilumba cha Murano Zanetti ndi Garworpoggi.
Bolo la Etherhion links.a.