Njira Zosankhira Supel njanji ya bafa, mitundu, yaukadaulo ndi yamtengo wapatali.
Mukakhazikitsa "alendo" omwe ali mu DHW System, malo awo ofooka
Pamapewa a "ngolo" yolondola yopukusa zovala zapamwamba
Kuti mufanane ndi zisudzo zazikazi za zida zamagetsi ndi mapaipi, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamakhalidwe
Kodi kuzizira komanso osamasuka m'bafa lanu? Kodi mumagwiritsa ntchito thaulo lonyowa? Ngati mafunso onsewa omwe mudayankha mogwirizana, osadandaula ndalama ndikugula njanji yamakono.
Njala yabwino yopumira imasandutsa bafa muzotentha ndi zotonthoza. Kupanda kutero, zidzatheka chifukwa cha kugwedezeka, tengani njira zamadzi, ndipo mutawuma thupi ndi thaulo louma komanso lotentha.
Nkhaniyi idalamula kuti njanji zamakono zokongoletsa zidayamba kulowa mumsika waku Russia kuchokera kudziko lina. Koma mu zaka 2-3 zomaliza, limodzi nawo, zomwe zimachitika kwambiri za mabizinesi apakhomo zinayamba kugulitsidwa.
Zochitika Zakale
Chitsanzo cha chipangizo chamakono cha bafa ndi cholinga chapadera kwa mafuta owuma osasuta. Ngakhale ku Roma wakale, nzika zolemera zidayikidwa pafupi ndi zisazi zawo zokhala ndi mbale zathyathyathya. Nthawi yomweyo, mawonekedwe a mbale adatenthedwa kutentha kwambiri ndikuwotcha, chifukwa chomwe munthu amasamba adayesedwa, ndipo zovala zidayikidwa pansi. Zinthu zakumpoto kwa Europe zaka zapakati, chipinda chosambacho chinawombedwa ndi mtengo. Pafupi, pamatambo apadera, matewi otenthetsera, adawuma ndi matupi a akalonga ndi anthu ena olemekezeka. Pofika apo, makolo athu amadziwa kuti akupukuta thaulo lotentha lomwe limapewa chinyezi chakhungu kuchokera ku khungu, ndipo nthawi zina, zimavulaza thanzi la thupi. Achangu- Amapumula minofu, imakhala ndi zowawa pakuukira kwa rheumatism, etc. Cxix. Ku Europe, malo otetezedwa kwapadera anali ponseponse pakutenthetsa osabereka a munthu aliyense, zopangira zopendekera zopangira ndikuthana ndi zothandizira kugwera pamakoma. Augean kumayambiriro kwa XXV. Njanji za Madzi a Calorieres-talil zidayikidwa pafupifupi nyumba zonse za Moscow kwa anthu osankhika.Mu sentensi yam'nyanja
Masiku ano m'masitolo athu amapereka mitengo ya Russian ndi yakunja ya mitundu itatu: Madzi, magetsi komanso ophatikizidwa. Onsewa amatha kupangidwa ndi mapaipi achitsulo kapena amkuwa. Komanso, ku bafa iliyonse, kaya kumachitika mwa mtundu wa Louisxiv kapena, m'malo mwake, mu kalembedwe kambiri, mutha kusankha chipangizocho mogwirizana mkati mwake.
Pali njanji zotentha za tulola, zotchedwa "njoka" (mbiri yawo imakumbutsidwa ndi zilembo za zilembo za ku Russia, mwachitsanzo P, B, kapena zitsamba za zilembo za ena, mwina dziko losadziwika, zilankhulo). Zoperekedwa zambiri "Zakudya" ndi rectilinear kapena zopindika mu mawonekedwe a semiring, ellipse, etc. "Masitepe".
Gulu lomaliza la zida zachitsulo ndizotalikirana kwambiri, ndipo tanthauzo la "nkhalango", limagwiritsidwa ntchito pazopangidwa zake, ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti ndizotheka. Pamaso pa njanji zopumira, "Madona" mayanjano osiyanasiyana amatha kuchitika mwa anthu osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, zitsanzo zomwe "masitepe" amaphatikizidwa ndi mapaipi akuluakulu omwe ali mbali imodzi kuchokera ku sitima yotentha, ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi tsitsi lokongola la zisa. Ndi kuyika chapakati kwa mapaipi akulu ndi "masitepe" (gawo la kumanzere, gawo lakumanja), Nthambi ya Toul Onlines, pa nthambi za onyowa, panthaka ya onyowa yomwe imatha kuimbidwa. Eya, wachitsanzo yemwe mafupa awo ndi otsekeka kwathunthu kapena pang'ono pang'ono pazitsulo zowoneka bwino, iwo adapangidwa ndi okonda zopeka, chifukwa amatha kupitirira tsatanetsatane wa mawonekedwe a shatracy.
Malinga ndi njira yosamutsa kutentha kwa chipindacho, timaterera tatele tinthu tating'onoting'ono topangidwa ndi zitsulo zopangidwa ndi zitsulo zopangidwa ndi zitsulo zam'madzi zomwe zimaperekedwa. Pafupifupi 25% ya kutentha kuchokera kwa iwo imalowa m'chipindacho mu mawonekedwe a ma radiation otentha, omwe amathandizira kuti kutentha kwa thupi. Kusintha (zotsalazi) kumatentha mwachangu ndi mpweya wa chipindacho. Misonkhano ya zida zamtunduwu imaphatikizapo kapangidwe ka ergonomic, chitetezo (chifukwa cha ngodya zaboma), kupeza kosavuta pamalo onse oyeretsa fumbi.
Njanji zoweta zoweta zimatha kukhala ndi zingwe zapadera zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wokuzungulirani "nsalu" pofika 90 kapena 180. Pamodzi ndi masheya owuma, etc. nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zowonjezera zowonjezera..
Pamodzi ndi tubular, madzi ndikuphatikiza njanji za talal zimaperekedwa pamsika, zopangidwa pamaziko a aluminium poyang'anira ma radiators. Zipangizozi ndi mapanelo apamwamba kwambiri. Pamaso pawo, zokongola zokongola zimakhala, zowonjezera zowonjezera zovala, zowuma nsapato, etc. Zida zotere zimaperekanso yunifolomu yokwanira pamtunda wonse wa bafa, imasiyanitsidwa ndi mphamvu yamakina ndikugwiritsa ntchito bwino.
Sizingatheke kuti musatchule kalasi yapadera yamagetsi yamagetsi yotentha; Zipangizozi zidawonekera m'masitolo apadera posachedwapa. Pali zitsanzo zomwe zimafanana ndi zowuma zamagetsi zamanja, komanso zitsanzo, zofananira ndi ma radialar a aluminium omwe tafotokozera pamwambapa. Gawo la ma radiation a mafuta mu izi nthawi zambiri silidutsa 3-10% ya kutentha kwathunthu. Zipangizo zoterezi zimatha kugwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana: kutentha chifukwa cha zachilengedwe kapena kukakamizidwa, kuwuma ndi kuwuma ndi kuthira zinthu zoyeserera, etc. Zida kwa kulumikizana kuyenera kutchulidwa kuti kuthekera kwa kukakamizidwa kumayatsa chipindacho ndikuuma mataulo owuma. Mitundu ina ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, imatha kukhazikitsidwa m'bafa zadera laling'ono.
Mwanjira, sankhani kuchokera ku zomwe. Koma muzomwe, si mtundu uliwonse womwe mukufuna ungaperekedwe kulikonse. Zikhala kunja, ndikofunikira kuwerengera ndi mawonekedwe a ozizira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mnyumbamo.
Palibe juvovo
Otsika mtengo kwambiri (ngati mutenga ndalama zambiri, komanso ndalama zogwirira ntchito pa bafa lonse la bafa lomwe lili mumzinda wa mzindawu, zomwe zitha kulumikizidwa ndi madzi otentha Pafupifupi mapaipi (DHW). Mafala Akutoma Nawo, DHW System, ndipo, motero, Njanji, njanji zotentha zimaperekedwa ndi chaka chamadzi chotentha (m'masabata atatu m'chipindacho chiri kucheza padzuwa). Mikhalidwe ya thambo lam'madzi lamtunda wamagulu a GVS ndi olimba kwambiri. Madzi otentha amadzaza ndi okosijeni ndipo ali ndi kutentha kwambiri (mpaka 70-75c), ndiye chifukwa chake nkhope yamkati ya chipangizo chotenthetsera imatha kuwonongedwa kwambiri. Zotsatira zoyipa pa sitima yotentha zapulati zimaperekedwa ndi kukakamizidwa kwambiri (8-10 ATM), kuwomba kwa hydraulic komwe kumachitika m'mapaipi a mavalo ndi osungunuka, komanso opangidwa mumlengalenga. Chifukwa chake, ndizotheka kulumikizana ndi DHW System ya DHW ku DHW, yomwe imatha zaka zopitilira 20 mpaka 20,000 kuti mupewe "oxygen ophatikizidwa ndi sayansi" ndikutsimikiza kuti sasintha .Omwe amawadziwa bwino njoka onse, opangidwa ndi mapaipi okhazikika okhala ndi khoma la 2,50 mm, amakumana ndi izi, koma zokopa zawo zimapangitsa kuti tisafune. Mitundu yapamwamba yokhala ndi poling ya poling ndi kukonza kumapeto kwa chromium kapena zojambula zatsopano zimapangidwa makamaka ndi makampani apanyumba, monga chomera cha Kimra. Mtengo wa "njoka" umachokera ku 180-1000 ma ruble. kagawo.
Osachepera zaka 20 zotumikiridwa mu DHW System, zida zachitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri. Chitsanzo cha kukwezedwa kumsika waku Russia kwa zitsulo zakumwa zakale zitha kukhala "Lanenski", zomwe zimapangidwa ku Czech Replic (Mtengo $ 260-470), kapena "Njoka" (kuchokera pa $ 45). "Makwerero" okongola a chitsulo, chokongoletsedwa ndi mwala wachilengedwe, chimatulutsa "nthawi" (5400-11000 ma rubles).
Mu kununkhira kwa utoto
Pamwamba pa sitima yotentha yamiyala ikujambulidwa pogwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje osiyanasiyana amakono, Chromium, nickelted, ngakhale, pofunsidwa ndi wogula, asanafike pogulitsa. Komabe, nthawi zina ogula amasankha kukwapula thambo lotentha pamakhalidwe awo. Popewa ukwati, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito zojambula zopangira zida zotenthetsera zida, monga Sumradiadiator mfundo (Holland), Dipand Heizkorlak (Germany), betcesland) ndi ena.
Kusamalira kumbuyo kwa njanji kumatanthauza kuchotsedwa kwa fumbi. Nthawi yomweyo, kuyeretsa mitundu ya tubular ndikovuta kugwiritsa ntchito burashi yapadera kuchokera ku ubweya wa nkhosa. Kuchotsa zinyalala kuchokera ku zida za Chrome ndi Nickel, ndizosatheka kugwiritsa ntchito mabrasions okhazikika ndi koloko, pamene akuwononga mbali yopyapyala yokutidwa. Pamtunda yopukutidwa imatsukidwa ndi kulongosoka njira, komanso kusowa kwawo, choko ndi mayankho a chakudya kapena soda. Njanji zoterera zagolide zotentha zimangopukuta ndi thonje swab, lothira swarn mu turperten, mowa wa ethyl kapena kunyoza.
Pomaliza, njanji zopumira za ku Kazan Enterppripa "Santelypriber" ndizoyenereradi kugwira ntchito mu GVs, zopangidwa kuchokera ku mkuwa wogonjetsedwa. Zipangizo zotere zimatulutsanso zotsulozo n157 ku St. Petersburg. Kuchokera kunja, "njoka" ndi "lestenka" kupatsa gulu la SIRA (Italy), kukwaniritsidwa (FRGATEL), Margal). Mtengo wa mitsinje yopanda thaulo imachokera ku ma ruble a 500-1000 ma rubles., Ndipo mitundu yoikidwiratu siokwera mtengo kwambiri (ndizopindulitsa pakatha nthawi 2). Pali zotsika mtengo kwambiri, zotsika mtengo "(400-900 rubles) kuchokera ku mapaipi a aluminiyamu (opangidwa ndi temp, rostov) pamsika. Koma amayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito potenthetsa otsekeka a kanyumba, koma osati mu City network ya DHW.
Mkhalapakati
Ngati simuli opanikizika kwambiri m'njira ndikuyika ntchito yopanga mkatikati mchipinda chosamba, simudzatha kudutsa njanji zakunja, "makwerero" kuchokera kudera lowonda (1-2 mm ) Mapaipi achitsulo. Zida zopangidwa ndi Arbona (Germany-Switzerland), Brandoni, IPRERNOOT (Bradey), Demarnoot (Berker), Jaga), Jagar Belgium). Mwina mungafune ngati ma radiator-tatel sitima Olymp (Austria) yopangidwa ndi aluminium. Mtengo wa zida za opanga amasiyanasiyana $ 200-4000, kutengera mtundu womwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zokutira, etc. Zogulitsa zimasiyanitsidwa ndi deta yabwino kwambiri yakunja ndipo zimatha kugwira ntchito modalirika komanso kwa nthawi yayitali, koma ... kokha kusefukira kwa nyumba za dziko, pomwe bafa ndi imodzi mwa malo otetezedwa ndi chipinda cha boler. Ogwiritsa ntchito ndi driver wamatawuni a DHW Speal njanji za mapaipi achitsulo ndi aluminium ndi akulu ndi akulu osagwirizana.Zipangizozi zimatha kulumikizidwa ndi dongosolo la DHW pokhapokha kudzera muyezo wosokoneza bongo wa adapter. Chipangizocho chidapangidwa ndikupangidwa ndi kampani ya ku Russia (ndalama "(mtengo wa 1100-1500 rubles). Malinga ndi gawo loyamba la kutentha, zopangidwa ndi chitoliro cholimba chokhazikika, madzi otentha a DHW amayenda. Wokondedwa wachiwiri wozizira umachotsedwa pamenepo, womwe umaphatikizapo njanji yotentha. Kufalikira kwa ozizira mudera ndi mawonekedwe achilengedwe (okongoletsa).
Opanga
Mu tsiku limodzi, oposa 900 (!) Ngozi zalembedwa mu DHW makina a Moscow a Moscow, zomwe ambiri zimachitika chifukwa chosankhidwa mwanzeru kapena kukhazikitsa njanji yotentha. Kubwezeretsanso kuwonongeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha ngozi yotereyi ndi pafupifupi $ 800. Kuchepetsa mwayi wa zovuta ngati izi, kusankha ndi kukhazikitsa njanji yotentha yopukutira ndikofunikira kwambiri kupatsa bungwe lovomerezeka ndi ntchito yoyenera. Aesley adakwanitsa kugula chipangizocho ndi wogulitsa (izi chimapangitsa, mwachitsanzo, nyumba yogulitsa Giel ndi zopangidwa mwamphamvu zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zida zomwe zimapangidwa kampani ya inshuwaransi.
Munyumba yamizinda isinthana ndi chipangizo chotenthetsera kwa wina kapena kungokhazikitsa chida chatsopano chimawonedwa kuti ndikonzedwanso dongosolo. Ana ayenera kupezeka nthawi zonse chifukwa cha kusinthika kwa chigawo cha chigawochi. Kapenanso, osachepera, adayika lingaliro lovomerezeka la dez. Mukakhazikitsa sitima yamagetsi yamagetsi, ndikofunikira kutsatira malamulo mosamalitsa ndi malingaliro a kuyikapo ndikugwiritsira ntchito zida izi zomwe zili patsamba ili.
Kutentha kwa kutentha kumayikidwa mwachindunji pa DHW. M'chigawo chachiwiri, pulasitiki iliyonse yazitsulo ndi pulasitiki, zosintha, etc. Ngakhale pazifukwa zina zichitike, Chigumula chilichonse sichingachitike, ozizira a ozizira Nazi malita ochepa chabe. Izi sizowiritsa 50 bubble mathithi otentha, omwe amaponyedwa mnyumba ndi ngozi ya chitoliro cha chipapu cha ma Gvs dongosolo.
Adopter amapereka chiwombankhanga mwachangu cha sitimayo kutentha kukachita kutentha. Mwachitsanzo, pa mphamvu yopukutira ya thambo la anthu pafupifupi 600W, ndikuchotsa kuchokera kwa owapta mpaka 3m ndi kutentha kwamadzi mu gvs + 65c system ma 55s pambuyo posinthira. Ganizirani kuwonjezeka kwa kutalika kwa mapaipi a pa 1m kudzachepetsa kutentha kwa thambo lotentha 1c.
Mitundu ina ya sitima zapamatumbo kuchokera pa mapaipi achitsulo owonda amaperekedwa kale ku Russia kale ndi mankhwala ophatikizidwa. Mwachitsanzo, mtundu wa bagnosan kampani ya Babonia ($ 560-1000). Chitani chonyansa cha chipangizochi chimayikidwa mu coil wamkuwa, mkati mwake madzi amayenda kuchokera ku DHW. Coil amatentha ozizira (antifuplaple), yomwe chikwama chadzaza ndi fakitale. Kufanana kwa mtundu wa mtundu uwu kumapangidwa pa ctw (mtengo kuchokera 3600 mpaka 11000 rubles, kutengera kapangidwe). Posachedwa, banja lonse la matauni a Kerti adatentha sitima zapamatu wokhala ndi zobiriwira zobiriwira zomwe zimawonekera pamsika. Mphamvu za zida izi zili zaka 20-30.
Malinga ndi Lamulo OhM
Ngati mavuto omwe akugwirizana ndi chipangizocho ku DHW Dongosolo la DHW likunenedwa, lingalirani za sitima yamagetsi yamagetsi yamagetsi. Osagwirizana ndi Dohw System, idzakupatsani mwayi wowuma ngakhale munyengo ya chilimwe shitdowns ya madzi otentha. Chipinda chopotoka cha njanji zotentha chidzafunika kukhazikitsa malo apadera (220v), otetezedwa ku ma splashes ndi ma jets. Komabe, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito komanso zobisika zobisika kuti musawononge kapangidwe ka chipindacho.Mawonekedwe a mortage
Msika umakhala ndi timapu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala ndi sitima zapamwamba kwambiri zolumikizirana. Komabe, nthawi zambiri otenthetsa omwe mumakonda sangatengeke ndi dongosololo mwachindunji chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma dipemeter obzala, komwe kumakhala kupezeka kwa ma piverlines kapena galvanic kufooka kwa zinthuzo. Tiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito madabwa owonjezera ndi zowongolera zapadera. Njira ina ndi yotheka kuyitanitsa zida ndi kukula kwake pa fakitale yopanga fakitale. Ndikofunika kukhazikitsa sitima yotentha kuti muganize pasadakhale, munkhani iliyonse isanathe kukonzanso bafa.
Ndemanga zamagetsi zotentha nthawi zambiri zimachitidwa mu mawonekedwe a "njoka" ndi "makwerero". Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zida zotenthetsera zinthu zoyambira, mphamvu ya malo a nyali ya incontcent. Inde, kuti ayankhe chipinda chonse, zida zoterezo ndizosatheka kukhala zokhoza, koma bafutayo imatha. Mkati mwake, amadzazidwa ndi masamba kapena mafuta a mchere, zosakaniza zamafuta ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino kwambiri, kotero kuti pamwambayo imayenda bwino kwambiri. Soab ndi Somatherm (Sweden), bondol), onland), oxil (Spain), ndi zina zotere. Ndi $ 35-140. Pafupifupi mitengo yomweyi ya sitima yamagetsi yolumikizira, mkati mwake mulibe Tan, koma chingwe chamagetsi chayikidwa. Mwachitsanzo, zidazi zopereka ku Russia, mwachitsanzo, Danish De-VI ($ 80-120). Zogulitsa zapakhomo zochokera ku KZO zotsika mtengo: 1800-2200 rubles. Palinso mitundu yonyamula, monga fk60 kuchokera ku mbiya.
Ngati palibe mmodzi kapena awiri mu chowuma, ndi matawulo ambiri, ndizofunikira kugula njanji yamagetsi yotentha. Zipangizo za mtunduwu nthawi zonse zimakhala ndi khumi amphamvu (1-2 kW) ndi zokonda zopangidwa, kufanana ndi zouma pamanja. Mtengo pafupifupi $ 270-300. Noirot, Atlantic, Supra (France), Boots (Finland) akuchita ntchito yopanga maluso. Mafuta a Norot Toperating Toul Oulders ndiokwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa ena - $ 500-660, koma amapereka enanso angapo. Tinene bwino "zotchulidwa" ngakhale m'chipinda chaching'ono, chokhala ndi zida zozizira kapena zotentha kapena chipinda chotenthetsera kapena thupi lokhala ndi mafunde otenthetsera.
"Msirikali Wachiwiri"
Kuti muchepetse mtengo wambiri wa chipangizocho ndikuthetsa vutoli ndi chilimwe chopuma madzi otentha, khwangwala wophatikizika m'bafa ndiomveka. Zipangizo za mzerewu zimapangidwa ndi mapaipi achitsulo owonda ndi aluminiyamu. Zofanana kwambiri ndi madzi ake "ogwira ntchito", koma phukusi lokhalo limaphatikizaponso khumi wokhala ndi ulusi woyenera. Mukakhazikitsa m'matauni, mitundu iyi ikhoza kulumikizidwa ndi DHW System yokha kudzera pamoto wapakatikati. Kuphatikiza apo, kusamutsa kutentha kuchokera ku tayi kupita ku mapaipi a ratel sitimayi kudzaperekedwa ndi madzi osakanizira kapena madzi okhala ndi cholembera. Mitundu yophatikizira matabwa ophatikizika amaperekedwa ku Russia yomwe yatchulidwa kale ndi Arbonia, a Tohnder, Olymp, Olple, etc.% Yokwera mtengo kuposa Madzi amadzi.Njira zoteteza
Popewa chigumula chifukwa cha ukwati wobisika kapena kuwonongeka kwina (makamaka kuti zikhale zopukutira za sitima zamoto zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu DHW System), ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa zodabwitsa ku kachitidwe. Zingatheke, mwachitsanzo, valavu ya mpira wa Bull (60-500 rubles) kapena valavu yomwe imaletsa madzi ku chipangizocho mutathamangira pansi pa bafa. Alingaliro ndi mzere, masensa otulutsa madzi amadyetsa mu gawo lowongolera lakwezedwa pansi. Zaka pa gulu lake osati valavu ya solenoid yokha imadzaza, komanso maarans ndi ma alarm amayatsidwa. Zida zopewera kutayikira kwamadzi mu DHW Systems imapangidwa, mwachitsanzo, Neptune. Mtengo wa zida ndi pafupifupi ma ruble 9000.
Ansembe Amatonthoza
Njati yotentha ya thaumayi iyenera kupereka chitonthozo chochuluka mu bafa, osatenthetsa kapena kuwononga. Komabe, kuti mukwaniritse izi molingana ndi zochulukirapo, komanso zochulukirapo kotero kuti munthawi sikophweka. Chida chatsopanocho chimasankhidwa kutengera kuwerengera: 80-120 w pa malo otetezedwa a 1m2. Kuwongolera kafukufuku wa sitima zanyumba yoweta, mateyostats amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azisunga kutentha m'bafa kumodzi ndi kulondola kwa 0,1 mpaka 1c (kutengera mtundu) kuchokera kumodzi kuchokera ku + 5C, 30s. Thermostats yopangika imakulolani kukhazikitsa "chizolowezi cha tsiku" la chiwembu chotchedwa sabata. Kupulumutsa magetsi, ntchito ya kuchepa kwausiku kutentha imaperekedwa. Mitundu ina ikuwunikira kutentha kwa chipangizocho, mosasamala kanthu za kusamba kwa bafa, kunali kotetezeka kwa khungu la munthu (palibe nkhani 60c).
Sikofunikira kugula thermostat payokha, ambiri ambiri amafunsidwa mu malo owiritsa tatel. Ngati izi sizili choncho, kutengera magwiridwe ake, muyenera kulipira pafupifupi $ 24, komanso kwa ma ermrmostat - mpaka $ 150.
Okonza zikomo Niisantehniki, nthawi "yolimba" ndi "Naurorf" kuti athandizidwe pokonza nkhaniyo.