Mbiri yako kukongoletsa kwambiri komanso zokongoletsera za masitayilo onse ndi rococo. Kufotokozera kwa mawonekedwe a madera akutsogolo.
Crococo mkati mwake imakhala pamalo oyaka moto, okongoletsedwa ndi mpumulo wokongola. Pa zoyatsira moto, zokongoletsera zimayika pagalasi. Ndege ya khoma imapeza chithunzi chokongoletsera chokongoletsera
Kukwezeka, kapangidwe ka mipando yokwezedwayo kumafalikira mwachilengedwe, khomalo lokongoletsedwa limapangitsa kuphatikiza kosangalatsa kwa fir-cantole ndi chifuwa mu mawonekedwe a chiprinds, motero
Mipando ya Rococo imatsindika zabwino komanso zabwino. Ndikofunika kulabadira momwe malo ogwirizana amakono a hologalamuyi amathandizira zinthu zina. Kuphatikiza kwa matani owala ndi zomangira zokhala ndi mitundu yamakono yowoneka bwino imawoneka bwino
Mtundu wa Rococo ndi wopanda pake, wa Caprician, wosagwirizana kwenikweni, wokwanira kungodandaula, koma osati kwambiri kuti atonthoze mtima. Mapangidwe achakudya chokongoletsera adabwereka pachifuwa
Mukukumbukira filimuyo ndi dzina lokhala ndi "Mr. Curtherator"? Olemba ake amayambiranso nthawi yamakono, koma fanolo ndi "mtundu wa" ntchito "ya munthu wamkulu, womwe umatchedwa imodzi kwanthawi zonse. Ndi Mr. Wopanga (kapena Mr. Wokongoletsa) amatha kupuma moyo kulowa mkati.
Yemwe adavomera kusaka tanthauzo la mawu oti "wokongoletsa" adzadabwitsidwa ambiri kutanthauzira kwake. Tikhala okha awiri okwanira ndi zokongoletsera. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti zili mu rococo era yemwe adalandira ntchito ya zomangamanga kukhothi. Kwa nthawi yoyamba m'munda wamkati, nyenyezi "zawo zimawonekera, chilichonse (chilichonse) chomwe chimadziwika m'munda wawo, omwe ali mu luso la zojambula, omwe ali muukadaulo waluso ndipo Kusankhidwa kwa nsalu, omwe ali mu penti ya mipando.
Pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, mkati mwa njira zokongoletsera zimagwirizana bwino ndi vuto la vutoli. Wokongoletsayo amayika ntchito za pulasitiki ndi utoto, amakonda omanga matenda a mutuwo ndi malo omwe amawoneka bwino. Zovuta ndi zinthu ndizofunikira kuposa kapangidwe kake. Polankhula za zokongoletsera zamkati, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "wokongoletsa", osati "wopanga", popeza ndi ntchito yokongoletsa chithunzi chonse.
"Zokongoletsera"
M'mbiri ya kukula kwa mkati, masitaelo ndi malangizo amadziwika momwe zokongoletsera ndi zokongoletsera zimayendetsedwa, ndipo mapangidwe a danga ndi tectonics amapita mthunzi. Mawonekedwe okongoletsa kwambiri komanso okongoletsera, inde, amakhalabe Roccoco. Zili kwa iye, kuyambira nthawi yobadwa Kwake koyambirira kwa XVIIV, akatswiri ojambula, ojambula ndi zokongoletsera nthawi zonse amatembenukira ku lingaliro lililonse lokongoletsa kapena lokongola. Mkati umamveka kuti ndi zosangalatsa, nthabwala, kudzipanga nokha "Mr. Wopanga". Chifukwa chake, rococo ndi nthawi zambiri ogwidwa ndi ambuye amakono. Unali mtundu uwu womwe unapanga dziko lonse lapansi ma drapes osiyanasiyana, zokongoletsera zamaluwa, njinga zowoneka bwino ndikuyika pamakoma ndi mipando.Nthawi yapitayo yokhala ndi mafomu ake osangalala, omwe akupanga malo komanso kupatsidwa utoto ndi maonekedwe ake m'maganizo adasinthidwa ndi gawo loletsa kuchepetsa. Mitundu yapamwamba ya rococo ya rococo imadziwonekera mumipando ya mipando, ndipo m'mitundu yonse, makamaka pakuzindikira zokongoletsera ngati chodzikongoletsera komanso zodzikongoletsera mu malo a malo.
Kodi mitundu ingapo ya rococo ya roccoco zingati?
Mu bizinesi yanyumba kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za XVIII zaka za m'ma 1730, mawonekedwe otchedwa regin amakula. Instozits ndi ornamenitics a zinthu zimasungidwa pang'ono ndi mawonekedwe a France Baroque, ngakhale mafomu ake amakhala osavuta. Symmetry, koma kuyikapo ma curls, mabotolo, ma bouquets ndi mawonekedwe aulere, omwe amawonjezera chithunzi cha mkati mwa onse, chimalamuliridwa ndi yankho la anthu ambiri. Makina opangidwa ndi omwe akhudza chikondi cha zoyika, zingwe, ma boti, ma varnishes. Mipando yonse yotchuka ya rockey rocket - roentgen, N. Pino, J.ASS. Ristenter, Sh. Cressan, adapereka msonkho ku mkuwa wonyezimira, zojambula zokongola, zojambula. Mipando ya makona amakona imangotsala pang'ono kusiya zipinda zam'tsogolo, udindo waukulu umaseweredwa ndi kuwala kowala, koyenera kwa shuduettes ndi mizere.
Kapangidwe kameneka mu mipando kumafotokozedwa mokwanira mu ntchito za Charles Cressean (1686-1768). Ntchito za mipando yachitetezo zinali zotchuka kwa wopanga malonda ndi zingwe zosiyanasiyana zamkuwa. Ogwira ntchito zachi French ampatuko omwe ali ndi ungwiro wapadera adathandizidwa ndi matabwa amtengo wapatali pogwiritsa ntchito miyala monga amanthri, pinki ndi vinyot ndi mtengo wa vinki. Mipando ya cresan idaphimbidwa kwambiri ndikuwuma mapesi a mbewu, masamba, mitundu. Zokongoletsera izi zidaphimba zifuwa za pachifuwa, miyendo ndi maluso awo. Zojambula za zingwe zamkuwa zidachitidwa mwina kuti ndalama zimadzipangira okha, kapena zokongoletsera zamkati.
Mu kotala lachiwiri la XVIIV, mtundu wa rocococ udapangidwa kale. Maonekedwe ake ndi chitukuko chake amagwirizanitsidwa ndi dzina la zh.o. Maissonia- jeelera, wosemphana ndi wopanga zodzikongoletsera ndi wolemba zambiri. Golcocor zaka rococo zimagwirizana ndi gulu la Louisv (1723-1774), ndipo mwa miyambo, mawonekedwe awa amatchedwa mawonekedwe a Louisxv.
Wosanjidwa ndi zipolopolo za zipolopolo ndi makatoni, ma symmetric a miyala yamtengo wapatali amayenda ndi ma curls a curls ndi maluwa ndi ma riboni. Clactine XVIIVEK (pafupifupi 1750) mu dokotala pali zovuta za zolinga zokongoletsera, zomwe zidapereka dzina ku onse mawonekedwe. Ku France, kalembedwe kameneka kamatchedwa "Rokitail" (SPR. Roxiale-kumaliza ndi miyala yamiyala ndi kumira). Ku Potsdam, ku Kurfürte Saxony Friedrich amalimbitsa nyumba yachikondi ya San wa ku San wa ku San wa ku San wavala.
Chilichonse ku Rococo chinali chocheperako, chokongola, chabwino. Pang'onopang'ono, chilakolako cha zingwe za bronzengs chimatha ndipo chimasinthidwa ndi zolumikizira zodetsa nkhawa zodetsa nkhawa, zopepuka, zopepuka komanso zowoneka bwino. Chizindikiro cha kukoma kosafunikira mu mipando yopanga mipando kunali kuchokera ku sevra puror, minia, kupaka utoto pagalasi, ma varnisal. Zonsezi, zomwe zimasonkhana palimodzi, ndikupanga dzina "mawonekedwe" a Louisvi.
Masiku ano, mawonekedwe a Louis XVI amapangidwanso ndi makampani aku Italiya Colciago ndi Sil mu zipinda zokhalamo, zikopa komanso mitu yogona. Mwachidziwikire, kupangitsa kuti mkati mwa mzimu umodzi wa Louisovikov, wokongoletsedwawo mosavuta kumapangitsa kuti pakhale masewerawa komanso postmedoner. Mkati mwa postmodnism umagwirizanitsidwa ndi mkati mwa rococo ndi momwe amakhalira. Mtundu wa Rococo ndi wopanda pake, kapriricane, osagwira ntchito - kwambiri kulowerera, koma osakhala motere.
Kumalizidwa kwa kalembedwe ku France kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi dzina la osunga ambuye a Abulahamu ndi David X-Ray omwe apereka mipando ku mayadi onse ku Europe. Wapadera wa David Xergen anali kupanga mipando ndi njira zachinsinsi ndi zokongoletsera ndi marquetry. Zitsanzo zokongola kwambiri zopangidwa ndi nkhuni zopepuka ndi zigawo zamkuwa zimatchedwa "X-ray".
Ku England, Thomas Chipparpale (1718-1779) adachita zambiri pokonza kalembedwe. Dzina lake linali lodziwika bwino atamasulidwa buku la "Director" ("njonda ndi dikani la Abatamani"), lomwe limaphatikizapo mipando yolembedwa 160. ChippandAle adapeza kutchuka kwakukulu komanso ngati woyeserera yemwe amalosera zokambirana za kupanga mipando. Kampaniyo idangochita osati chifukwa chopanga zinthu payekha, komanso chifukwa cha chisankho cha mkati. Mwachitsanzo, pamalo amodzi, zokambirana za Chippale, chilichonse, mpaka ku nyundo, zidapangidwa pa ntchitoyi ndikuyang'aniridwa ndi mutu wa kampani. ChipPalele Mwiniwake adatsata ntchito ndikusamalira zokongoletsera zokongoletsera - zojambula, maola, matepe, mapepeti ... Tsamba linali litaposa theka la zaka zana. Malingaliro opanga omwe ali ndi zoyambirira za mwini wake adamaliza French ndi Chitchaina ndipo nthawi yomweyo adadzoza ndi Gothic Gothic.
Mawonekedwe a chippantAle adasiyanitsidwa ndi French rococo ndi mipando yolingana ndi icho. Tsopano titha kunena kuti monga Chippatkol Chippormodern mkati mwanu, kuphatikiza molimba mtima mu rockey ndi zinthu za Gothic. Zipangizo zonse za maestro ankakonda Mahagony (mtengo wofiira). Kwa nthawi yoyamba ku England, mtengo wofiyira unayambitsidwa kukhala mipando ya mipando mu 1720. Maonekedwe ake amaphatikizidwa ndi chitukuko cha malonda. Chifukwa cha mtundu wake, makona, kupanga mgwirizano, kunayamba kutchuka.
Chippantle adapanga matebulo apadera owerengera, matebulo ozungulira am'mawa, malo oyambira. Anachita mipando mu Zitsanzo za Chinese, ndi miyendo yosavuta, koma yokongoletsera zakumbuyo ndikupindika mu nthito zosokoneza, zingwe, mitundu ndi masamba ongopeka. Zinthu zamitundu yolimba ndi gawo lakutsogolo linali ndi miyendo yokhala ndi zolaula, zonyoza mpira. Nthawi zina zikwangwani za mphungu zinkasinthidwa ndi mkango. Modabwitsa kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri mabedi amakhala ndi mahatchi mwa mawonekedwe a pagoda. Malo olemekezeka muofesiwo anali olemba osiyanasiyana olemba komanso maola akunja kwambiri. Izi zonsezi zidapanga mbiri ya Chingerezi yamkati mwanzeru komanso yolimba.
Kogwilira nchiti
Tidzayesa kuberekanso mawonekedwe a nyumba yakutsogolo mu kalembedwe ka rococo - katswiri kwambiri kwa nthawi imeneyi. Choyamba, tidzafotokozera mtundu wa malo.Nyumbazo zinkasiyana zimbudzi (okonda ndi mankhwala oyamba), Baora, zipinda zogona, zipinda zogwirira, zipinda zogwirira ntchito, malaiburali, maatoma ndi antchito a antchito.
Wokongoletsani wokongoletsa ndi woganiza bwino kuti ayambe rockey sakutha chifukwa cha mkati, koma nthawi yomweyo kuchokera mipando yake. Khalidwe la Rococo limasewera, kuwala, ngakhale kukongola, chifukwa chake kukulolani kuti musankhe malo osankhidwa ndi malo.
Chofunika kwambiri pankhaniyi, vuto la kukhazikika kwa zinthu ndi zida. Lingaliro la mkati ngati englipts yochokera ku Rococo Star. Omanga mapulojekiti awo adayesetsa kukwaniritsa umodzi wokongoletsera mbali zonse za chipindacho: zojambula ndi zokongoletsera, mitundu ya mipando, mitundu yoyala ndi nsalu zolimbitsa thupi.
Chifukwa chake tiyeni tiyambe ndi chipinda chochezera
M'chipinda chochezera chinaima tebulo linayika tebulo la masewera, nthawi zambiri anakoka. Kwa zingwe zosiyanasiyana, zozungulira zazing'ono za Guerdon (Guerdon) zidagwiritsidwa ntchito. Onsewa anali mafomu osiyana, koma anali ndi mzere umodzi: kapangidwe kake kanasinthidwa ngati zokongoletsera. Izi zidakhazikitsidwa ndi zodzikongoletsera zosiyanasiyana zamkuwa, zomwe zidayikidwa m'malo omangika, pa mfumu. Chikumbutso chokongoletsera chokongoletsera nthawi ino chomwe chinkasoketse mawonekedwe a zomangamanga patebulo la baroque.
Mipando yocheza, yabodza ndi "Midstage" pang'onopang'ono imakhala yabwino komanso yosiyanasiyana. Kdivan ndi wotsekedwa kumbuyo, wotchedwa "Bergere), adawonjezeredwa ku Chaise Mitundu ingapo: mwachitsanzo," mtembo "unali wopanda mwayi," Vuto "( Chopindika). Usa anali wokutidwa makoma olimba okhazikika, ankachitidwa kudzera mwa Cathape. Wotchedwa Marchqui yemwe adawoneka, womwe unali wocheperako wokhala ndi makoma opindika. Marquis adakumbutsa Ottoman, koma makoma omaliza anali ozungulira.
Mipando yokwezeka inali yodziwika bwino yomwe imapezeka pakhoma, kapena magulu owoneka bwino pakati pa chipinda chochezera. Ndikofunika kulabadira izi, chifukwa kuyikira kwa mipando yokhala ndi zithunzi zokongola "zokongoletsera" zikujambulidwa bwino.
Zifuwa ndi makabati ndi kuyamba kwa roccocomo zidachotsedwa mwankhanza osati zipinda zokhalamo zokha, komanso zogona ndipo zimangosungidwa m'nyumba zogona. Kukhalapo kwa chilengedwe chachisoni chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pachifuwa (kaya. Chingwe), nthawi zambiri ndi olembera awiri angopita. Fomuyo idasintha mobwerezabwereza. Choyamba, mawonekedwe adapangidwa ndi wavy, wokhala ndi zizolowezi zopezeka zingwe zamkuwa; Mphepete mwake idadulidwa mu mawonekedwe a semicircle. Kutsatira madongosolo ndi mafayilo a wovala zikuchulukirachulukira, ndipo zokongoletsera ndi zokongoletsera zamtambo zikuwoneka zowoneka bwino, zili mbali zonse za zojambulazo.
Mu Boudoir wathu yaying'ono ndi yosiyanasiyana kuposa chipinda chochezera, koma osatinso chovuta. Vkunuruar ndiyofunikira kwambiri patebulo la kuchimbudzi, chimbudzi cha tebulo la tebulo, pambuyo pake limatchedwa Poudrese (Poodna). Ntchentche ndi Ma Wig Roses amafunikira malo oyenera! Kapangidwe ka Pomopadour mu makonzedwe kumawonetsa zokongola, kusewera, zokongoletsedwa bwino. Tidzafunanso zapadera zapamwamba za Ladium kapena chinsinsi m'miyendo yayitali yokhala ndi bolodi yokhala ndi bolodi yopukutira ndi madipatimenti ambiri obisika. "Omwe anali ndi" zapamwamba kwambiri "amakhalanso malo okhala ndi makatoni (makabati a mapepala).
Mosiyana ndi mipando yaying'ono ya azimayi, desk-Bureau muofesi yogwira ntchito iyenera kukhala yayikulu komanso yayikulu. Zinapangidwa kuchokera ku mtengo wa rozi kapena wa violet. Wokongoletsayo adasankha kuti asankhe mawonekedwe a Bureau kapena Cylindrical Bureau ndi wakhungu.
M'chipinda chogona, kukwezeka kwake kudakali wotchuka, zomwe ndi tsiku lochiritsa ndi labwino. Maonekedwe ake a zomangamanga amatanthauzira zonse zokongoletsera, zachilendo komanso zowoneka bwino. Mayina a kama amapezeka molingana ndi mawonekedwe a Baldakhin monga chinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Chifukwa chake adawonekera mabedi alohinoise, Alafrancaise, Al'nglaise, Alomienne.
Center of the Rockey mkati, ngakhale anali ndi vuto lililonse, malo oyaka moto amakhalabe. Panopa tsopano ndizochepa, zokongoletsedwa ndi mpumulo wokongola. Pa zoyatsira moto, zokongoletsera zimayika pagalasi.
Pazikhalidwe za rococo Focton mipando, mitundu yotsika mtengo ya nkhuni yofiira imagwiritsidwa ntchito: mtengo wofiira ndi wa pinki, rosenth, mtengo, mtengo, mtedza, ndi zina. Opanga ma French mipando ya France nthawi zambiri amangokhala mtundu wojambula komanso nkhuni zoyaka, pofotokoza zomwe mukufuna.
Chidwi cha Zapamwamba cha East Kudzionetsera osati pothetsa mkati chonse, komanso kutanthauzira kwa zinthu zapamene padongosolo. Ambuye achi French amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zaku China pantchito zawo: mwachitsanzo, matope achi China ku China omwe amapanga mipando yamkuntho, ndipo mabotolo a Chinese a Lacquer amalowa m'mipando yatsopano. Zosangalatsa zopopera rococo zinakhudzanso kutchuka kwakukulu kwa mipando ya vadish. A French adakhala omwe akuitanitsa omwe amabwera ndi a Japan ndi ma varnisos. Chuma chokongoletsera cha "shinoazri" ("Chitchaina") ambiri ojambula - ochokera kumayiko ena, "ozungulikitsa" kwa omwe amapezeka pa intaneti - amagwiranso ntchito mpaka lero.
Chalk ndi zambiri zokongoletsera
Magalasi, koloko, China. Osewera komanso omwazikana ndi rococo amangokukakamizani ngati zokongoletsera kuti mudzaze zamkati ndi zokongola zopanda ntchito, motero kulimba kokongoletsedwa komanso kukhazikika. Rococo, mosiyana ndi barous baroque, osati yosavuta kugwirizana ndi maholo akutsogolo, koma muzovuta zazing'ono. Magilasi ambiri anali anzeru komanso osokoneza bongo. Mtengo wakuda wakuda umazimiririka, ndipo magalasiwo amakutidwa ndi mabotolo, makhoma, amamira. Magalasi amatumidwa m'makoma a makoma, pawiri ndi matontho a pagome. Malo oyendetsa moto nthawi zina amakhala ndi magawo awiri. Kusamba pazithunzithunzi mu mawonekedwe a "Shinazri" Europe amakongoletsedwa ndi iwo kuchokera ku malo oyaka moto kupita ku mabokosi odzikongoletsera. Omanga onse ndi zokongoletsera akuchita ndege zowonetsera ndi zokongoletsera - zojambula zamagalasi zidzayamba kuyendayenda. Zokongoletsera Pinot, ziswirika zophatikizidwa m'matumba a mipando yomwe idapangidwa ndi iwonso amayang'aniranso kuphatikiza zitsulo zojambula, matebulo, malo odyera.Mitundu ya utoto iyenera kuti idapanga chithunzi cha kuwala, chikondwerero. Okongoletsa amakonda kuphatikiza kwa buluu woyera komanso wobiriwira komanso wobiriwira kapena pinki, ndiye kuti, ubale wambiri kwambiri. Kuvomerezedwa ndi mkati mwa mtundu wa zomanga zolimbitsa thupi. Mitundu yotsika mtengo kwambiri yamatabwa, marble, mkuwa, golide, silika, mapesi amagwiritsa ntchito zokongoletsera kwambiri zaomwe amathandizira. Zinthuzi zimapita kukongoletsa makoma ndi makoma okongoletsa. Kuchokera ku China kupita ku Europe kunadza mafashoni papepala. Makoma, opakidwa ndi pepala, nthawi zambiri amapaka opaka.
Kusintha pamutuwu "Pompadour" m'makono amapangidwanso mosavuta, chifukwa kukongoletsa konse kwa rococo kumakhazikitsidwa m'magawo atatu:
1) mtundu wa chipindacho,
2) mipando ya mafomu a mbiri yakale,
3) Zakudya zokongola.
Chalk mu Mzimu Roccoco ikhoza kugulidwa m'masitolo ndi malo oletsa mchere pang'onopang'ono, kulowa kukoma kwa nthawi ya madokotala a ufa, ma ntchentche owoneka bwino. Kuphatikiza pa ntchito zenizeni, chisamaliro choyenera chomwe chimapezeka ndi mtengo wa omwe amatchedwa "wachiwiri wa rococo" (wowuka m'malimbira a xixvek) komanso zithunzi zamakono. Kusintha kwamakono kuchokera ku zinthu zodula pamutu wa mbiri yakale (zolinga ndi rik, dongoa, ellinova, stuller (schiller). Ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri - mukamapanga mtundu wamakono wa rococo Mr. Wokongoletsa ndipo wopanga angasankhe mutu wa munthu: Kupanga kapena kujambulidwa pa mipando kapena ku China.
Mabuku a Mr. Wopanga
Bandelverk - zokongoletsera kuchokera matepi a nsalu.
Malire - m'mphepete mwa nsalu, cartipet, tapetry yokhala ndi zokongoletsera pawokha, yomwe imakhazikika nthawi yomweyo ndi intaneti.
Mwazaubwidzi - nsalu, nsalu yotchinga, yotsika ndi zikwangwani zokongoletsera.
Knorpel - zokongoletsera zaku Dutch, zomwe zimakumana makamaka mu ulusi. Dzinali limagwirizanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe a zokongoletsera zopangidwa ndi "otupa" a mimbulu yofanana ndi zipolopolo.
Mbalame - chivundikiro choyambirira ndi m'mphepete ndi makopa, zopindika ngati zilankhulo. Pambuyo pake - njira yoperekera nsalu yokhala ndi zikwangwani zopingasa. The fiber rococo inagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zolinga zokongoletsera mu zomangamanga, kupaka utoto, zojambulajambula.
Nastinnik - nyali yokhala ndi mabaketi a wavy; Kuyikidwa pakhoma, khoma loyang'anizana ndi nyumba.
Wa pendeli - Kuyimitsidwa kokongoletsa mu mawonekedwe a zoponya mu nyale ndi makina akhadiration, makamaka mawonekedwe a rococo.
Robisail - Chokongoletsera rococo. Ndi chokongoletsera cha asymmetric mu mawonekedwe a kumira.
Rol - zokongoletsera zokongoletsera za nthiti zophatikizika.
Mafande - Cholinga chokongoletsera mu mawonekedwe a garlands kuchokera maluwa ndi masamba, otumizidwa ku nthomba.
Tsarga - chimanga cha matebulo ndi mipando.
Zinthu zowombera zimaperekedwa ndi Colombustile ndi Museum yonse ya Russia yokongoletsera zokongoletsera ndi anthu otchuka.