Madenga athyathyathya, otseguka ndi makonde - kusankha njira, zida, matekinoloje.
Ntchito yovuta kwambiri padenga lokhomerera silikuwonongeka
Wokondedwa,
Barmproooooooola adasiyana,
The Anti-Coronary Membrane Tengani matoote,
G-geomembrane protefon Tex
Kuthira madzi, ngalande ndi mankhwala anticorval traw kukwirira kuphatikiza
Polyethylene ngalande yopanda Membrane tefane kuphatikiza
Tipitiliza kukambirana za padenga lathyathyathya, lomwe limayambitsidwa m'magazini yapitayi. Lero mukufuna kukhala ndi denga lathyathyathya kunyumba kwanu, malo otseguka komanso makonde ambiri. Kodi mayankho opanga zinthu ndi olimbikitsa otani? Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zingapeze mwayi? Ndi kampani yanji yomwe mumakonda? Tinayesetsa kuyankha mafunso amenewa ndi enanso m'buku lathu latsopano.
Pie Slavny Retoryley
Yambitsani chipangizo chamadenga amakono, mukukantha momwe anthu ali kutali ndi chibowo chakale. Umboni wa kupita patsogolo kwapita, makamaka, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mawu omanga nyumba. Chofunika kwambiri tanthauzo la "chitumbuwa", chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga kapangidwe ka multilant, korona womanga!Kuchita padenga la nyumba yokhala pansi kumakhala komveka bwino kawiri: Pomwe opareshoni ake amaganiziridwa (tinene, kuti azikonza mitundu kapena pakukonzekera luso laukadaulo). Zokumana nazo zomanga zojambula zopanga zomangamanga ndi zojambulajambula zokhala ndi boas zochepa zomwe zimapezeka m'makampani akuluakulu amapanga zolimbitsa thupi ndi zodetsa. Mwachitsanzo, ku Katswiri waku France SIPPST, ku America Carlisle Syntec, moto wamoto ndi Genflex, gulu la European Sovane Corporations, m'mabuku a Russia "ndi" Sovillacrom "ndi ena .
Madenga oyera kwathunthu kulibe. Nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi malo otsetsereka (B1-4) kupita pakati pa nyumbayo. Izi zimatsimikizira kuti kuyenda kwa madzi munjira ya ngalande zamkati zamkati. Makina akuluakulu amadzi nthawi zambiri amakhala otenthetsera (chingwe chamagetsi) kuti asasule nthawi yozizira. Palinso madzi owonjezera amphepo yamkuntho yomwe imatuluka kwambiri m'madzi ochulukirapo amakonzedwanso.
Denga la ndege likukumana ndi katundu wowonjezereka wopanda chilimwe osati nthawi yachilimwe, koma nthawi yozizira. Nthawi zonse ndimamizidwa chipale chofewa chomwe chimasungunuka mothandizidwa ndi kutentha kuchokera kunyumba. The ogwira ntchito bwino zigawo ndi vaporizolation, zochepa zomwe zimawopseza kutayikira.
Koma choyambirira, padenga kukana kutsimikizira kudalirika pa danga. Magazini yathu yasindikiza kale za zida za madenga osiyanasiyana ndikuwapatsa kuwunika kofananira ("zida zamakono: ndi chiyani?
Pakadali pano, kapeti yayikulu yopanda madzi imapangidwa ndi zida zaphokoso polymen pamaziko osayaka. Zovala zokwanira ndi zokutira zokutira pamtunda wa ma polyme a ulusi wa polymer wokhala ndi nsonga yapamwamba ya phula la biidid, losinthidwa ndi APA ndi SBS-polima. Mitundu ya zinthuzi imaphatikizapo mayina mazana. Kusankhidwa kwa mtunduwo kumatsimikiziridwa ndi zinthu zambiri: mawonekedwe a kapangidwe ka padenga, malo a nyumba, nyengo, etc. Masikono amawombedwa pamwamba ndi wowuma kapena wowuma. Palinso zopindulitsa zokhazokha. Zipangizo zotsika mtengo kwambiri zimakhala zotsika mtengo, zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamwamba ndi kukondera kulikonse. Koma pano padenga logwirira ntchito lokutidwa ngati lotere sikokwanira, wina, lokhazikika loteteza (matayala, miyala, sile, sile, etc.) imafunikira. Komabe, pambuyo pa "kulimbikitsidwa", zinthuzi zidzapereka mphamvu, kukhazikika komanso kuphweka kwa kuyika poimba za poizoni.
IPDME MEBRAne (Ethylene-Propylene-Monomer) ndi Elastor Wamakono. Zimaloleza nthawi yochepa kuphimba malo akulu a padenga. M'lifupi mwake pansi-kuchokera ku 3 mpaka 15m, kutalika - kuyambira 151m. Amalumikizidwa wina ndi mnzake pogwiritsa ntchito tepi yapadera yodzikongoletsera. Mzere wa EPDM umakhala ndi vuto lalikulu (pafupifupi 300%) ndi kulemera kochepa (1M2 ndi makulidwe a 1.15mm akulemera 1,4kg). Moyo wowerengedwa wa zinthuzo sunathe zaka 50. Ena amagwira ntchito kale zaka 40. Mitundu yonse ya neembranes yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito posachedwa, motero opanga Europe samapereka chitsimikizo kwa zaka zopitilira 10. Moyo wa PVC Membranes ndi nembanemba "kuyambira nthawi yomwe amagwiritsa ntchito kale ali kale zaka 25. Zilembo za akatswiri zimatsimikizira kuti zinthuzi zitha kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi ina.
Wopanga membrane ndi Carlisle Syntec aphatikizidwa (USA). Membrane wa tepk (kuchokera ku ethlene Ethylene Proble) yokhala ndi makulidwe a 1.14mm amakhazikika pamaziko onse ndi njira zonse zodziwika. Zoyenera kuthirira madzi okhala ndi malo otsetsereka. Pa ntchito ya madenga ndi nyumba zamagetsi zokutidwa ndi ma nembanembano, wopanga amapereka zinthu zambiri zothandiza. Mwachitsanzo, monga phula losakhalitsa la Polimene Ccw-711, a polyethylene a mumbraint nembaed onetsetsani kuti amasintha pa mphira, onetsetsani kuti kusunthidwa pa vanenes pamalo.
M'dziko lathu, membrane vembrane amatulutsa "sofmith". Nkhaniyo "polycom" yopangidwa ndi mitundu iwiri - p (wamba) ndi APG (Sportin ndi kuyamwa). Malinga ndi mawonekedwe ake mwakuthupi komanso mwaukadaulo, zophatikizika izi ndizofanana ndi anzawo aku America, koma imakhala yotsika mtengo kawiri.
TPO-Polymer Zinthu za m'badwo womaliza malinga ndi Plarmoplastins polyolefins. Kugwiritsa ntchito TP-membranes ndikoyenera kukonzekera kovuta kapena komwe chiopsezo chamakina kuwonongeka kwa kapeti wovala (ndimadya padenga lotseguka). Zinthuzo zimabwera m'mabande 95 masentimita ndi 1.8m. Ma seams amalumikizidwa ndi kuwotcherera. TPA zochulukirapo pamakina opangira makina ndi mankhwala kuposa EPDM, koma osasinthika komanso otanuka, makamaka kutentha kochepa. Ndiye chifukwa chake zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kum'mwera. Wopanga wotchuka kwambiri, ndipo kuyambira 1998 ndi wotsatsa nkhaniyo ku Russia, American Corported Genflex. Zizindikiro zofananazo zimapangidwa ndikupereka dziko lathu carlisle.
PVC (PVC-P) ndi zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri kuchokera ku polyvinyl chloride. Yolumikizidwa ndi mpweya wotentha ngati TPH. Ma membrane a PVC Membrane adalimbikitsa maumboni a polyerter amadziwika ndi mphamvu yayikulu kupita ku curcy, mawonekedwe 9), ali ndi kuthekera bwino. Pa mtundu wa padenga "Wobiriwira udzu" wopangidwa ndi zowonjezera za fungucidal. Pali nembanemba zofanana ndi linoleum. Imatha kusewera nthawi yomweyo kuti ikhale yophimba komanso yopanda madzi. Kugwiritsa ntchito nembanemba za PVC kuli koyenera pakakhala kotheka kugwirizanitsa pansi pazifukwa zina. Zinthuzo ndizabwino komanso kuphatikiza madera ogwiritsidwa komanso osagwira ntchito. Kampani ya Belgian Alcor Draka, yomwe ndi gawo la bungwe lapadziko lonse lapansi, limapanga ndikupereka ndi ntchito alkorplan pvc membrane ku Russia. Alinso oyenera padenga latsopano lopanda madzi ndi kukonza zakale, komanso kukondera kulikonse. Alkorplan amabwera mu ma rolls, ali ndi kutalika kwa 1.6 kapena 2.1 m, kutalika 20m ndi makulidwe a 1.2 mm.
Kodi nembaner singabwezeretse kapeti yamoto ndi ndegeyo ndipo sikhala yopumira pachifuwa? Pali njira zitatu zoyambira kukonza zinthu pandege. Kusankha kumatengera kapangidwe ka padenga, zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso mawonekedwe a zokutira.
Zachuma kwambiri komanso zachuma ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito ballast. Kugona momasuka pansi pa nembanemba kumakhazikika kokha kuzungulira komanso m'malo osinthira malo ofukula. Kutengera ndi thandizo la Ballast: miyala, miyala, miyala, ma clocks a konkriti kapena (ngati pali membala wa padenga, khonde, malekezero). Chosiyanasiyana cha balallast dongosolo ndi denga losanja lomwe limasanjikiza madzi otetemera (polystyrene chithovu) chimayikidwa pa nembanemba. Zipangizo zotsekereza za m'badwo watsopano, ndizoyenera, pakati pa zinthu zina, komanso zadenga lathyathyathya, magazini yathu imadziwikanso kuti owerenga ("" "" yatsopano ". Njirayi ndiyoyenera madenga ndi maziko olimba, onjezerani katundu wowonjezera wa 700Pa (kuwonjezera pa kulemera kwa madengawo).
Membrane wokhazikika akulimbikitsidwa kuti katundu wowonjezereka pa zonyamula katundu ndi wosavomerezeka mukamakhala kapena ma plums omwe akusowa. Zipangizo zodetsa zoyala pazinthu izi, TPO kapena PVC Membrane ndiyofunika. Kukonza zokutirapo pamtunda kumapangidwa mumasodzi ndi kudzikonda mwapadera.
Pomaliza, ma nembanemba ovala ovala akhoza kukhala omenyedwa ndi maziko. Njirayi imalimbikitsidwa kwambiri padenga ndi masikono ovuta, komanso katundu wolimba (mphepo yosamveka). Zokongoletsedwa (zophika) zitha kuphatikizidwa ndi maziko ndi guluu lokwera kwambiri. Kusankha njirayi, ndikofunikira kudziwa ngati kabati ndi matenthedwe okumba ndi nembanemba ndizogwirizana.
Njira zopangira madongosolo oyenda
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Ponena za mitengo ya zinthu zomwe zidagulidwa ndi polimmer nembanemba, ndiye kuti fanizolo limatha kuyambitsa ogula. Ganizirani, owopa kwambiri poimba ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri ndipo safuna ndalama zambiri, pomwe madenga a zinthu zotsika mtengo amaikika m'magawo awiri omwe amagwiritsa ntchito malo owiritsa mafuta, kuyika mastic. Zotsatira zake, ma membrane a Polymer amawononga makasitomala kapena okwera mtengo. Mtengo wambiri wa zinthu zapamwamba za 1M2 zopangidwa ndi zinthu zosinthidwa ndi zowonjezera polymer zowonjezera ndi $ 4; EPDM -EMES yokhala ndi zigawo - kuyambira $ 8.5; TPO ndi PVC Membranes okhala ndi zigawo - kuyambira $ 9.5; Membrane "relortiks" okhala ndi zigawo - kuyambira $ 18. Gwirani ntchito pa kukhazikitsa kwa polymer nembanemba zimawononga kasitomala wa $ 3-5 pa 1 M2. Mtengo wa kusokonekera kuchokera ku eltrisition polystyrene firms berf kapena domeker ndi $ 175 ya 1m3. Kutengera ndi makonzedwe a padenga, malekezero, khonde, ndime, ma synels, owonjezera, ndi zina zowonjezera, zonyamula zida zimayenera kukonzekera zomwe zikuyenera kukonzekera.
Za zokonda
Pakulimbana kwa wogula, kampaniyo sinangokulitsa madera osiyanasiyana ndikuwongolera zinthu zawo, komanso zimapangidwanso machitidwe ndi ukadaulo wa kugwiritsa ntchito muyeso wambiri pantchito zosiyanasiyana. Ndiye kuti, kusankha kwa zinthu zothandiza kwambiri komanso zogwirizana kwambiri kumapangitsa wopanga. Wopanga ingokhalabe kuyika dongosolo molondola. Apanso, fanizo lokhala ndi makeke limagwiritsidwa ntchito: apulo, chitumbuwa, nyama ... sankhani kulawa.Makina osiyanasiyana omwe anapangidwa kuti adendenga adendent apereke makampani monga SIPLAST, index, ku Tegola, ICOPHAL, Schombal. Popeza wopanga chinsinsi ali pafupi ndi lingaliro la kanyumba, timapereka monga zitsanzo za dongosolo la ntchito yogwira ntchito "padenga la konkriti".
Potsirizika ukhoza kukhala wothirira kutentha (Perlite kapena Polystyrene Foam, thonje thovu) komanso osakongoletsedwa. Kwa mlandu wotsatira, zigawo zovomerezeka za "mkate wa padenga" zikhala ngati nthunzi zolimbitsa, kutentha, kutentha, zodzitchinjiriza, zida zodzipatula ndi malo okhala kunja. Kukula ndi kapangidwe kake kumayikidwa chifukwa cha mtundu wosankhidwa wa mikwingwirima yobiriwira. OMbolis a kampaniyo amathandizira zowonjezera zawo.
Zachidziwikire, kampani yomanga imatha kulinganiza kapangidwe kazinthu kuchokera kwa opanga osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, Parroc Vaporizolytor, inshuwator aidiover, hydroelector "hydrotect-y". Koma chifukwa cha kuphatikiza koteroko sikodalirika.
Kampani ya France Incast imapereka zokutira zobiriwira zobiriwira. Gravijardin System yoteteza kuwirikiza. Awa ndi kuphatikiza kwa zinthu za graviudex wokhala ndi zowonjezera zapadera zowonjezera zomwe zimatsogolera mizu ya mbewu yofanana ndi pansi pa wosanjikiza (kupulumutsa madzi ake), komanso kusefukira kwa preflex. Ubwino waukulu wa yankho la malingaliro ndi:
- Kusintha kwa dongosolo. Mphamvu ya zinthuzo zimapewa njira zachikhalidwe zoteteza kuthirira ndi cholembera chonkriti ndikukana kutaya kwapakatikati (komwe nthawi zina zimakonda kuthira makulidwe 100mm).
- Kukana kuwonongeka kwamakina, katundu ndi ukalamba.
Kuphatikizika kwa kampaniyi kumayambitsa Index. Koma imapereka kuti mugwiritse ntchito kutentha kwa kutentha kwa wosanjikiza ndi filimu yolunjika ya polymer-bit. Uthemola mu "Pie" yayikulu ndi kaphikidwe kakang'ono ka tefa kapena zinthu zomwe zimagwira ntchito yopanda madzi ndi ngalande. Ndi nembaneya wa PVD ndi loko la makina awiri, msoko wothira madzi ndi geotexpleylene).
Gawo losalekeza la "wobiriwira" polymer geomembrane. Amapangidwa ndi nsalu yokhala ndi spikes yozungulira mpaka 8mm ndi kusefa ziwalo. Zolemba zimalepheretsa dongosololi ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono, ndipo ma spikes ozunguliridwa amapanga njira zofufuzira zomwe madzi osefedwa amatumizidwa kumakomo. Chinthu chachikulu, njira yothetsera yotereyi imakupatsani mwayi wotsitsa kapeti yam'madzi kuchokera kumbali yanthaka ndi balast (yomwe ingayambitse ma ruptures and putanilo). Mbale zoterezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa cha malo opangira nyumba zosiyanasiyana.
Mtengo wa 1 m2 wa polymer nembanemba wokhala ndi ma geotextiles ochokera kumayiko osiyanasiyana kuchokera pa $ 4 mpaka $ 8. Mtengo wokwanira wagona umatengera ntchito inayake.
Chimodzi mwazomwe chimadziwika kwambiri ndi njira yoyendetsedwa ndi zinsinsi pamaziko a konkriti. Zachidziwikire, membraine wa anti-coronary pano si kanthu. Kutentha inslalators sikugwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri. Mwachitsanzo, simprast amapereka kapangidwe ka pansi pa thumba la nthunzi la nthunzi, kulekanitsa ndi kutsiriza ma gaskes, kuthina madzi.
Pomanga pansi pa mzere wozungulira, njira zosindikizira za adjtons (Ksteteam, mapaipimu) ndi ma piams osokoneza ambiri ndizofunikira kwambiri.
Dongosolo ili limagwiritsa ntchito momasuka zokhala ndi zolumikizira zodzikongoletsera zodzikongoletsera za Teranapjs ndi bande Teranamu (tende tepi yotentha). Monga lamulo, pansi imakonzedwa ndi ma tailes oyang'ana mogwirizana kapena okutidwa ndi matalala. Zithandizo zimapangitsa kuti zitsimikizike kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo cha dongosolo la magawo awiri pamtengo wa osanjikiza. Imasandukira mapangidwe a oyanjana ndi mabizinesi.
Kampani ya Germany Schombarg imapereka ukadaulo wake wokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ngati madzi osanjikiza (ma ceng simenti osanjikiza) otsetsereka ocheperako. Makina otetemera adziko lonse lapansi aquafin-2k amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza ku chinyezi ndi makonde pang'ono ndi otsetsereka pang'ono komanso zero. Ubwino wa ukadaulo wa Schombarg pokhazikitsa madzi osanjikiza (kapangidwe kake kamagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wodzigudubuza, burashi kapena kuwaza mu zigawo 2-3). Matenda ofala aquafin-2k ndi otanuka, ali ndi zomatira kwambiri pamalo ambiri, osagwirizana ndi radiation ya UV, ozizira, amapeza msanga kukana mpweya wabwino. Molunjika pa chosanjikiza chopanda madzi mothandizidwa ndi zotayika za elastic madzi ndi chipilala chambiri kwambiri cha Unififiific-2k, omwe amatha kupereka ndalama zazitali za zipsinjo zamtunda, pansi papansi.
Pomaliza, mtundu wachitatu wa bungwe lomanga zomangamanga ndi makonde ang'onoang'ono a konkriti kapena matabwa okhala ndi malo osungirako madzi awiri ndi zokongoletsera zam'madzi. Kutentha kwa makonde kumachitika ndi zigawo ziwiri za zodzikongoletsera zodzikongoletsera (phula-phula kapena kutengera matope a pulasitiki). Amakhala ogwirizana ndi zolumikizana ndi ma seams, zokongoletsera zodzikongoletsera zodzipangira. Mapeto ake amapangidwa poyang'anizana ndi matayala a crorac a materinolo osiyanasiyana.
Wopanda kanthu mu milandu itero amagwira ntchito za paradiya35Sr4 zosaya zosayera, zomwe zimayikidwa m'magawo awiri. Schombarg amapereka njira yofananira yofanana ndi malekezero.
Zipangizo zamakono ndi matekinoloje amatundus amatipatsa masiku ano, zomwe abambo a zomangamanga ndi omanga zakale sakanalota. Malo otseguka omwe kale anali amodzi mwazinthu zisanu ndi ziwiri zomwe zidakwaniritsidwa tsiku lililonse ku Russia lero. Chipatala, sinthanitsani zovuta komanso zapamwamba-zaukadaulo zomangamanga komanso zovuta zomanga nthawi zambiri zimayesa anthu okwanira. Ngakhale amene apanga nyumba yokhala ndi denga lathyathyathyathyathya, malo okhala panja ndi khonde, liyenera kukonzekera kapangidwe kake, zomanga ndi kugwira ntchito kwa chinthucho kudzakhala mu khobiri. Koma maubwino omwe akuwoneka: Munda wadenga ndi Ternscourt, mawonekedwe okongola kwa malowa nthawi iliyonse pachaka, kupadera kwa zomangamanga nyumba yanu ... musachite mantha ndi malo osanja, njonda! Ngati mungachite chilichonse bwino, iwonso adzakhala okongola, odalirika, odalirika ndikupereka zosangalatsa zambiri kwa inu ndi abale anu.
Zitsanzo za Geomembran
| Dzina | Kupanga |
|---|---|
| "Drenz" | Ndeges |
| "Fupalin" | "Ondulin", France |
| Delta. | Dorken, Germany |
| Protefon Tex. | Index, Italy |
| Train kukhetsa. | Angola caldeese, Italy |
| Limlinki | Monorflex, Denmark |
Otsatsa ayamika "maluso" kuti athandizidwe pokonza zinthu.