Madenga athyathyathya a nyumba zachinsinsi, zotseguka zotseguka ndi makonde pamiyala yapamwamba: mawonekedwe a kapangidwe kake ndi kukonza nthawi yovuta kwambiri. Malangizo othandiza a akatswiri.
Phosor yotchinga pakhomo la nyumbayo ngati kuti atulutsa mizati yochepa. Chidutswa cha m'mundamo
Kuchokera kuchipinda chodyera pansi pa mapiri a Pergola, mawonekedwe a mapiri
Wamba kwa madera akumwera ndi malekezero ndi madenga athyathyathya
Chotsani geometry ya nyumbayo limakupatsani mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito mita iliyonse
Munda wapamwamba ujas suldel padenga pa ndege kunyumba
Kufalikira Kwambiri pa Ndege ya ndegeyi imalola dimba kuti lilowe mkati mwa zipinda
Mwambi wina wa ku Germany akuti: "Kukhala ndi chisankho - kumatanthauza kukhala ndi vuto." Makamaka izi ndi zowona, ngati muyenera kusankha pakati pa zinthu zabwino ndi zoyipa ziwiri.
Zingati zomwe timafuna kuchita zomwe mumakonda! Tengani gawo lotere la moyo wa anthu monga zomangamanga zapadziko lonse. Maukadaulo amakono amatsegulidwa kutsogolo kwa akatswiri omanga mapulani ndi mainjiniya tidzakhala m'manda kwambiri omwe kuyesera. Komabe, midzi yanyumba ipitilizabe kugonjetsa nyumba zopambasa zomwe sizipangitsa yankho lililonse mu moyo kupatula kusungulumwa. Diso likuyang'ana china chosangalatsa, mosiyana ndi okalamba, atsopano kapena oletsedwa. Zachidziwikire kuti tsoka loti mwayi woiwalika ndi wowoneka bwino ndi madenga athyathyathya nyumba ndi kusamala materi ndi makonde otseguka pamwamba.
Zitha kuwoneka zachilendo, koma lero zakale monga dziko ndi lingaliro la denga lathyathyathya, makonde ndi makonde ambiri amafunikira kwambiri m'mizinda yayikulu. Dzikoli pano lili ndi zochuluka kwambiri kuti likhale zidutswa zopindulitsa, mabwalo ndi paristade ochokera kudziko la nanobes. Kupatula pakati pa New York, nyumba zambiri zokhala ndi madenga ndi malekezero owiritsa, omwe mabungwe othirira amathyozedwa, zaka zambiri za mitengo, zitsamba komanso zimasiyana. Chofanananso chimachitika ku Paris, komwe pulogalamu ya madera opangira madeti athyathyathya madenga ndi zopingasa ndikuzisandutsa malo osangalatsa a kwanuko.
Kupitilira mzinda ndi maulamuliro kuzungulira nyumba, ndipo nkhalango zili zokwanira m'deralo. Komabe, apa pali nyumba zotsekereza ndi zomangamanga ndi malo otsetsereka, zikuwoneka kuti, malowa amapezeka. Didik padenga poyang'ana mudzi wozungulira wa Temreki- choyipa ndi chiyani? Tsitsi lotseguka la nyumba, kuyimirira korona wa mitengo ndi zisa za mbalame, sikodabwitsa? Akak mumasambira makonde m'nyumba ndi mawonekedwe ophatikizira?
Komabe, opanga ambiri amakhala ndi tsankho lolimbana ndi madenga afupi. Ena amakhulupirira kuti ndi zoyipa, ena amawopa matalala kwambiri owala, ena amakhala ndi chidaliro pamtengo wokwera pamadenga oterowo. Inde, zotsutsana ndi zabwino. Koma tinayesetsa kupeza zovuta zina. "Mkulu" wa chingalawa cha khansa cholimbikitsidwa konkriti yolimbikitsidwa komanso kukwiya mwachindunji pa zomangamanga mu zomangamanga zimabwera kumaganizo nthawi yomweyo. Komabe, zonsezi zimawoneka mwanjira yosagwirizana, malingaliro amafunikira. Noovde, titatembenukira kwa achichepere, koma opanga akumadyetsa ziyembekezo zabwino. Mtolankhani wa Aekaterita wa Amuna abwera naye.
Mawonekedwe a ndege
Timalankhula ndi munthu wopanga Dmitry Canua zathyathyathya ndi madenga. Izi ndizothandiza kwambiri, chifukwa Dmitry wachitapo kanthu mwapadera popanga ndi kumanga nyumba zaboma ndi madenga athyathyathya kwa zaka zoposa zisanu. Wolemba yekhayo, komanso zomwe zinachitika pokonza zolakwitsa zina zomanga zidamutsimikizira kuti nyumba zamtunduwu zimakhala ndi zabwino zambiri. Ponena za mikango, zimawalola kuti azitha kusiya luso la omanga komanso atcheru, njira yabwino kubizinesi.Kuyang'ana vutoli mosamala kumasokoneza zotulukapo zokhazikika. Woyamba ndi wamphamvuyonse ndikuti denga lathyathyathya lili ngati ngati lidzachita motero, limafunikira kukonza mosalekeza. Kumata pa matekinoloje atsopano ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa sekondale, osapitiliranso kuti ngati tili ndi dongosolo lodalirika komanso dongosolo lodalirika, ndiye kuti ndi zosangalatsa kwambiri.
Njira yakuwonongeratu kwa Steopatype yoyamba ikuchitika kale. Anthu mofulumira, anthu a pakompyuta, pang'onopang'ono pakati pa otopa otopa kwambiri am'mizinda yomaliza ya Urban ". Koma ngati kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo kuli kowoneka bwino kapena kocheperako, zachuma zomwe zalembedwa mlengalenga.
M'malo mwa matchulidwe a matchule, panthawiyi, womanga Dmitry Cania anati chitsanzo chapadera. Adapanga ndikumanga nyumba yaying'ono, pomwe kuyika pa chipangizo chathyathyathya pansi m'malo mwa ma 50%, ndipo nthawi zambiri nyumba yanyumbayo- 20-30%. (Poyerekeza, mitengo wamba yazomwe zimakumana ndi zokutira zomwe zachitika. Kodi magwero a ndalama zodziwika bwino bwanji? Kukambirana funsoli ndi Dmitry, tinayesetsa kuwoneka ngati zazitali ndikukhudza zabwino zina za denga lathyathyathya.
Chifukwa chake, mphindi yoyamba: maziko omwewo, maziko a denga lathyathyathya amakhala ochepera kuposa malo owoneka bwino. Kuti mumvetse izi, simuyenera kukhala Euclide, pamakhala buku lokwanira la General klass. Malo ocheperako amafunikira. Zotsatira zake, posankha zotsika mtengo za "keke yotsika mtengo ya" keke ya padenga "(ngakhale mita imodzi ija, adzakhala okwera mtengo kuposa padenga la speape)
Kupitilira apo. Tiyerekeze kuti omanga adapanga "cube" (kapena kufanana) kunyumba. Pachida cha padenga lakumaso (ngakhale, manzard kapena chapamwamba) mudzafuna akatswiri ena. Magulu a Asman amakhala olemera, zinthu zonse komanso zamakhalidwe. Denga la ndege silikhala lolingana nthawi zonse omanga, zimangofunika kutsatira malangizo a kuyikapo ukadaulo.
Kuyika kwa denga la padendo palonja kumawoneka bwino kwambiri kuposa kumwaza. Ingoganizirani kuti ndikosavuta kusonkhanitsa "chitumbuwa" pansi pa mapazi anu kapena pamalo okwera, ndikuyika pa malowo kwinakwake pakati pa thambo ndi dziko lapansi? Yankho likumveka bwino.
Koma nyumba itapeza denga, padenga limafunikira chisamaliro. Amakhala moyo wake, amangolumikizana ndi chilengedwe ndi zenizeni zaku Russia ndipo, zimasamalira. Chifukwa chake, kukonza padenga lathyathyathya, kuyeserera, kuyeretsa kwa ma shnels, etc. Zosavuta komanso, pepani chifukwa cha zokhumudwitsa, zotsika mtengo. Kuwongolera Zida Zaukadaulo, Kugwira Ntchito Ndi Chimneys, Antennas, olowa m'malo mwa kapangidwe kake kake, sikuti ntchito yokwera kwambiri, koma kutumikila nthawi ndi nthawi. Denga loterolo silibisika kwa diso la nyimbo mosamala, pomwe mwini wake wa padenga safuna kusangalala ndi ndege yomwe ili. Pomaliza, midadasi yakunja ya zowongolera mpweya womwe omangawo amakakamizidwa kuti agwirizane ndi nyumba za "Nyumba" zolozera ", mafani ndi gawo la" ozizira "amasungidwa pamwamba.
Vuto lamuyaya chifukwa cha mitundu yathu yamise. Akanakhoza! Filolopher wamkulu wa Russia Vasal Rozanov analemba kamodzi: "Pali dzuwa laling'ono, lomwe ndi tanthauzo la mbiri yonse ya ku Russia." Zimakhala zovuta kukhala m'dziko la chipale chofewa cha June, thaw ndi snoresateria osatha. Iotsyduda - funso lotsatira lidatchulidwa panja ndi padenga lathyathyathya: komwe mungayende chipale chofewa, moyenera kwambiri adasonkhana pathyathyathya? Wodalirika. Siyani nthawi yozizira padenga ngati kukumbutsa kowonjezereka. Ocaloge idzafika "nthawi ya madontho ndi ozungulira", madzi osungunuka amakhala panjira.
Zachidziwikire, msewu uno uyenera kuganiziridwa ndi kulinganiza bwino. Koma pambuyo pa zonse, padenga lokhota chipale chofewa limafunikira "zonena." SKAT kwenikweni imafunikira dongosolo lomwe limafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane ndi kusinthana ndi ngalande yotentha. Nthawi yomweyo, malo okhala mapangidwe a ICCTs samalosera. Nthawi zonse pamakhala mwayi wowona kusonkhanitsa kusonkhanitsa kusonkhanitsa kwabwino kwa chipale chofewa. (Ngakhale mabatani ozungulira nyumba ayenera kuchita patali.)
Pankhani ya denga lathyathyathya, chipale chofewa cha chaka chatha chimatsogozedwa ndi njira yokonzekera. Mutha kukonzekera zotupa zamkati ndi zotentha, mutha kupita kunja (mbali imodzi ya denga kapena malo, m'malo 2-3). Kupatula iCicle kungowoneka pokhapokha. Kuneneratu kulikonse kumakhala kotsika mtengo kuposa kungosuntha. Akakaya wapamwamba - kudziwa bwino zomwe chipale chofewa sichingawononge mwadzidzidzi chiwombacho!
Matalala a chipale chofewa kuti asachite mantha omwe amatha kukhala olimba molondola owerengedwa molondola? Denga lathyathyathya limatha kupanga pulatifomu yobzala helikopita (njira ina yomwe imagwiritsira ntchito, chowonadi chayesedwa kale). Denga lotereli silikhala ndi bwato, mphepo ikumamatira kuti ikhale yovuta kwambiri kuposa mapiko atatu.
Makasitomala omwe asankha padenga lathyathyathya ali ndi mwayi womanga wogwira ntchito (izi ziyenera kuperekedwa ndi polojekiti). Gawo lomalizidwa la nyumbayo, pansi pa zokutira kwakanthawi, zidzakhala zotheka kukhala ndi moyo. Nthawi yabwino kwambiri yachuma, kuyanja kumeneku sikovuta kunyalanyaza kuti mumange pansi zotsatirazi. Zosavuta kwambiri.
Ndipo zowonadi, ndizosatheka kusaganizira wogwiritsa ntchito ndi zokopa zabwino padenga lathyathyathya. Ingoganizirani kuti malo omwe nyumbayo yamangidwa siabwino konse. Kukhazikitsa kwa denga lomwelo kumathandizira kuluka, otayika padziko lapansi. Denga loterolo limatha kukhala bwalo, ndi munda, ndi nsanja yoyenda, ndi malo osungira. Chingwe chachikulu cha malowa padenga ndikuti ndichinsinsi kwambiri kuchokera ku mipando yotseguka, yamsewu.
Denga lathyathyathya limakulitsa njira zatsopano za nyumbayo. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kuwonjezera zipinda zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito ndege kapena ndege zopepuka zodzitchinjiriza. Njira ina ndikupanga dimba lachisanu ku pakatikati. Etc. Zithunzi zamkati m'nyumba yokhala ndi denga langokhala zodabwitsa. Zotsatira ndi kandulo.
Kuyesera kukhala ndi cholinga chokwanira, Dmitry Canua anachenjeza kuti kuwonongeka kwapadziko lonse kwa denga lathyathyathya kuli kokwera mtengo. Koma sikofunikira kukula padenga la mitengo ya zana. Mutha kulinganiza mabedi oyambira akutali kapena malo obiriwira akale. Mwambiri, munda wa denga ndipaso. Magawo a avota a chakudya cham'banja labwino ndichilengedwe chachilengedwe chomwe chimayikidwa muyeso wotsika mtengo. Ndi kukula kwa nyumbayo, izi sizimalola aliyense, ngakhale atadyedwa bwanji.
Malingaliro a munthu m'modzi akadali lingaliro la munthu m'modzi, lolani akatswiri a mbuye wawo, yemwe amalankhula chidziwitso ndi zinsinsi. Pambuyo pokambirana ndi Dmitry Cania, sitinkakayikira kuti denga lathyathyathya lanyumba ndi yankho labwino. Koma izi "pafupifupi" sizinapume. Ima anaganiza zolankhula ndi akatswiri angapo. Zokambiranazo zidatsogozedwa ndi mtolankhani wathu petrnicolayev. Omanga A.dmitriyev, mkulu wothandizira Krovlych A.evdokov ndi mkulu wa kampaniyo "m.jaborystem" m.jaborov.
Choonadi chilipo kwinakwake pafupi
Nkhatame.: Ndi malo ati ndipo munthawi ziti zomwe zingatheke kumanga nyumba zomwe zili ndi denga lathyathyathya, lotseguka ndi makonde?
Kumoto .: Malo aliwonse popanda zoletsa. Komanso, kuphatikiza kwadendent ndi spapepe padenga pa nyumba imodzi ndikotheka. Maukadaulo amakono amapangitsa kuti zitheke kuti mizu ikhale ndi malo otsetsereka. Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa: ngati mwini nyumbayo sangathe kutsuka matalala ndi matalala, malekezero, khonde, khonde, ndibwino kukana kapangidwe kameneka.
A.E: M'mbuyomu, ntchito yomanga nyumba yotseguka ndi makonde anali osagwirizana ku Russia. Pali zifukwa zingapo: Ndipo osathandiza kwa malo oterewa mwachidule, komanso malo owonjezera omwe akuyika malo osangalatsa, komanso ndalama zina zogwirira ntchito. M'nthawi yoyambira, chifukwa chakukula kwa nzika, chifukwa chozama kumalipira ndalama zabwino, zofunikira za nyumba zikukwera. Tsopano motalika, komwe mungabzale mbewu, kusewera masewera ndikungopuma, siziwoneka zopanda pake. Nthawi yomweyo, kuchuluka kwa nyumba zanyumba kumayambitsa mapulojekiti a kanyumba kumayambitsa mapulojekitala kufunafuna malo owonjezera, osakulitsa mawonekedwe a kapangidwe kake. Ponena za mtengo wa madenga athyathyathya, siofunika kwambiri, makamaka mukamagwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zodekha. Mkhalidwe waukulu wopezeka padenga lathyathyathya, lotseguka lotseguka - ntchito pomanga zinthu zamakono, zolimbitsa thupi zodalirika komanso zodalirika zomwe zikuyenda nyengo zonse ziwiri.
M.y.: Zaka zocheperako zokwanira chifukwa chosapanga malo ogwiritsidwira malo akuluakulu. Mwini nyumbayo ndiwopindulitsa kwambiri kumanga pansi padenga ndi denga lalikulu. Dulani pang'ono polojekiti ya manaion imaperekedwa padenga lathyathyathya, koma zosankha zambiri zophatikizika ndi. Ngati kasitomala ali ndi chikhumbo ndi kuthekera komanga nyumba ndi malo okhala ndi zitunda, palibe chilichonse chimamulepheretsa kuchita izi. Tsopano msika uli ndi ubweya wapamwamba kwambiri wa baalt, wopota polystyrene, galasi la thovu. Kutulutsa kumatha kuchitidwa kuchokera ku zinthu za polymer ndi technolast, isoplast, Derbigom ndi ena. Pulogalamu ya Polymer, tpos, pvc nembanemba, poureurethane, amafunsidwanso.
Nkhatame.: Ndi mavuto ati omwe ali ndi mapangidwe, kupanga zojambulajambula zotseguka ndi zojambulajambula zokhala ndi tsankho laling'ono m'nyumba?
Kumoto .: Ndi mawonekedwe omanga, denga lalikulu lakhazikitsidwa kuti likhazikitse zonenepa, komanso chophweka- chonde. Kupanga kwa Scape kumachepetsa kapangidwe ka nyumbayo mwakulemba. Lathyathyathya, m'malo mwake, amakupatsani mwayi wofanana ndi kapangidwe ka mitundu iliyonse ya geometric. Denga lomwelo limapangitsa kuti zitheke kukulitsa nyumbayo m'lifupi, pomwe mu nyumba zomwe zili pansi pazinthu zimayenera kutenga mayankho apadera kapena kuwonjezera kutalika kwa padenga. Mwambiri, mawonekedwe athyathyathwa amatsegulira womangayo ufulu wa kuchitapo kanthu. Chipatala, madenga oterowo salemekezedwa kwambiri ndi opanga Russia. Nyumba yowonongeka yokhala ndi denga lathyathyathya imalemedwa kwambiri ndi phale yamakono yamakono. Zachidziwikire, bola ngati kasitomala amapita ku ndalama zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi chipangizo choyenera cha "keke ya padenga".
A.E: Ntchito yomanga yathyathyathya ndi malo otseguka okhala ndi mitundu yaying'ono yomwe ili ndi mavuto atatu: maziko a padenga ndi matalala ndi madzi amvula akudzikundikira pamwamba; Kusavuta kuchotsa madzi, makamaka nthawi ya masika; Chiopsezo chowonongeka kwa ma seams. Njira yopambana ya vuto lomaliza limathandizira kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yamakono ya membrane.
M.y.: Pamwamba pa kambuku ndi padenga lomwelo, koma laling'ono. Zotsatira zake, apa ndende ya misonkhano yaukadaulo (adjnins, makondo, masnels, ma plums, ma snetizations, onjezerani padenga la malo okwera. Ndikukonzekera izi zomwe zimawonjezera mtengo wa ntchito, chifukwa zimangochitika kokha ndi akatswiri oyenerera. Chifukwa chake musadabwe ngati mtunda waung'onowo umawononga malo ochulukirapo kuposa malo.
Padenga logwiritsidwe ntchito, nthawi zonse limakhala labwino kubisira kapetiyo, pa zokongoletsera, osati kumaliza kwa mapewa. Pansi, mutha kukonza zokutidwa ndi matayala kapena matabwa. Mofananamo, ndikofunikira kuti muzitseka makhoma a mpanda. Nthawi yomweyo, kutalika kokweza madzi pakhoma kuyenera kukhala kocheperako 40cm (motero, makulidwe a chipale chofewa). Omanga mapulojekiti ndi opanga amafunika kulabadira kwambiri vutoli. Opanga azipanga ntchito yawo ndikuchokapo, ndiye kuti zomaliza ziyamba kutsekereza kukhoma ndikuyendetsa madzi. Mawonera pakapita nthawi anali kutayikira.
Kuti mudziteteze mokwanira kuti mudziyang'anire zodabwitsa, ndikofunikira kuthana ndi kuthekera kotsuka chisanu. Ndikofunikiranso kuchita padenga la njanji ndi chopukutira ndi magetsi, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulikonse lero.
Mwa zina, kuthekera kwa overtsu kuyenera kukumbukiridwa. Ngati kasitomala akufuna kupanga udzu padenga kapena kukonzekera shrub, iyenera kukhala mukuganiza kuti katundu wambiri adzakula mpaka 300-500kg / M2. ATA idzalowa mumtengo ndi kulemera kwa kapangidwe kake.
Ndikofunikira komanso zomwe mungasankhe padenga. "Tempyysystem" yolimba "ili ndi zokumana nazo za khonde lopanda madzi ndi hunty-polymeric ndi zida za polymeric. M'mavoliyulosi yaying'ono, zimakhala zosavuta kwa ife kugwira ntchito ndi polimmer nembanemba, zikadangokhala chifukwa sizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi otseguka. Mwambiri, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zamakono zokha. Panali zochitika nthawi yomwe kukonza madzi osungirako zitunda, tinapeza ma hydrohotsel, osati okhala ndi ma polity. Chifukwa chake adakhala m'manja mwa nkhungu ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Pa mtengo wa zigawo ziwiri za zinthu zabwino za polymer ndi polimmer membrane amasiyana pang'ono.
Tikupereka zinthu zodalirika zaposalo zaposalo ". Imakhala ndi zigawo za malo ovala bwino kwambiri: EPDM, Phukusi la TheLoplastic ndi SBS yosinthidwa. Kapeti wopendekera amamezedwa m'mphepete mwa mpweya wotentha. Izi ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri pamsika, koma makasitomala omwe amasangalala kudalirika komanso kukhulupirika kusankha popanda mthunzi. "Rezitrix" idagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthirira madziwo pansi pa mtundu wa La Man, pa bmw ndi ma mersees auto. Iyenera kukhala chiyambi cha kugwiritsa ntchito komanso nyumba za ku Moscow dera.
Chifukwa chake, kapangidwe kapena osati padenga lanyumba, kutalikirana, khonde limakhala lowoneka bwino. Za Macitidwe, ngati zida zimalola komanso kukonda zomanga zamtunduwu kuchokera kwa mwiniwake. Minda ya Kuphunzira ya Tsaritsitsa Semiramides, mapangidwe awa sangathe kupikisana, koma mwaulemu a mapenti otentha ofiira, sakakayika kuti maonekedwe ndi amakono a matekinoloje adzamasulidwa nawonso.