Kupita ku nyumba yakudziko ndikosatheka kuyimitsa madzi. Zoyenera kuchita? Kukumba bwino kapena hiliro bwino. Malangizo Othandiza.
Buku pafupi pafupi ndi zopangidwa ndi mphete ndi magalasi
Mapaipi a PVC pakugwira ntchito kwa arsian chitsime
Mapesi a membrane a zotengera zosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku Veremu ndi mawonekedwe
Omwe mwina anamwa wophunzirayo madzi amsika, mosakayikira kuti ndi njira yotsimikizika, chiyero ndi kuwonekera. Kodi masika anu enieni ndi otani omwe ali patsamba? Zikhala zothandiza kwambiri bwanji?
Kodi amafunikira madzi angati?
Ku Russia, mitundu iwiri ya magwero amadzi odziyimira pawokha ndizodziwika kwambiri m'mizindayi: mgodi (wopangidwa ndi mphete zolimbikitsira kapena mwala wowuma) ndi a aquifer) . Kumayambiriro, nthawi ikudziwika kwambiri bwinobwino, chifukwa zimatenga malo ocheperako ndipo imatha kukhala yolimba kwambiri kuposa chitsime, chifukwa chake amakhulupirira kuti madzi kuchokera pamenepo ndi oyera. Kubowola bwino kwaukadaulo, kumatha kuchita zokwera mtengo kuposa zitsime (mwachitsanzo, kwa madera - 7-15 nthawi). Chifukwa chake, nkomveka kudziwa kuti ndani wa awiriwa ndi woyenera banja lanu. Nthawi zambiri, nthawi zambiri zimatanthawuza kuti kuchokera pa bomba lotseguka ndi chitoliro cha 1/2 "m3 / h yamadzi. Kaya, Nthawi zambiri amakumana ndi imodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi madzi.Njira 1. Nyumba yamunda kapena kanyumba. Madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika, kuchapa ndi "" chosasunthika "kuthirira mbewu. Zosowa zonsezi zimatha kukhutira mothandizidwa ndi pompu ya "mwana" wa "mwana", zomwe zingakuthandizeni kuvomerezedwa ndi 0,3 mpaka 0.8m3 / h madzi pachitsime kapena bwino m'thanthwe lamchenga. Pankhani ya chitsime, yankho lothandiza kwambiri, chifukwa limatha kutsukidwa, mwachitsanzo, kupangitsa kuti pakhale pompopompo.
Njira 2. M'munda nyumba - kanyumba ndi chomera chopangidwa ndi chomera. Nthawi yopepuka yamadzi ndi 1-1.5 m3 / h, koma zosowa za tsiku ndi tsiku sizipitilira 2-3 m3. Mtundu wa madzi ndi wokwanira kuchepetsa magwero omwewo, koma kupereka kuthilira kuchuluka kwa mpaka 5m3.
Njira 3. Kanyumba wamba kwa banja la anthu 4-6. Nyumbayo nthawi zambiri imakhala yogwiritsa ntchito madzi 4-6, mphindi ziwiri, bafa, bafa, khitchini yotsuka komanso mbale). Kutola nthawi yamadzi kumafika 1.5-2 m3 / h, ndipo masiku onse omwawirira amaposa 3-4 m3. Pankhaniyi, pangani chisankho chovuta. Itha kungokhala kwa magwero amadzi kuchokera ku chimbudzi champhamvu cha mchenga, koma munkhaniyi muyenera kukhazikitsa thanki yosungira ndikupanga dongosolo logawa ndi kupezeka kwa madzi. Zonse zomwezo, yesani kubowola chitsime chaukadaulo.
Njira 4. (kanyumba kofanana ndi fanizo ndi njira yosinthira3, koma ndi chomera chotsirizidwa) ndi Njira 5. (Communion Contaion ndi zonse zomwe zingachitike, zizindikilo, ntchito zachitetezo, akasupe) amamwa madzi nthawi yayitali mpaka 3-4 m3 / kh kapena kuposerapo. Kufunika kokubowo kwa munthu wamaluso sikuyambitsa kukayikira.
Ndi chinthu china chofunikira kwambiri. Kuzama kwamadzi mu mikango yamchenga kumasiyana m'malo osiyanasiyana a 5-15m. Chifukwa chake, sizotheka kuyika gwero pamalo omwe mungafune. Chitsime chamisiri chitha kukokedwa pafupifupi kulikonse komwe mungafune.
Aquifer crestrial molimbika
Subsoil ya padziko lapansi imapangidwa kuti isasinthidwe kuzimiriri zamadzi ndi zotsalira zopingasa, yoyamba yomwe imatchedwa aquifer. Kumene kuli madzi, amagawika m'mitundu itatu:
- Madzi apansi panthaka;
- Kutanthauzira Zachisoni I.
- Zovuta za pulasitiki, kapena zowongoka za madzi a arsisia. (Panjira, adatchulidwa ndi Atswiritians kuti alemekeze dera la Paris Arto, komwe mu 1126 nthawi yakubatsidwa zitsime zam'madzi.)
Kuti musinthe kusaka kwa madzi, mamapu a hydrogelogical mamawo omwe akuchitika ndi madulidwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, pomwe kutalika ndi dongosolo la kusintha kwa zinthu zikuwonetsedwa. Khadi ili limapezeka m'gulu lililonse lomwe limabweretsa kubowola kwa zitsime zakuya. Madzi apansi panthaka pamapu amaonetsa pafupifupi, opanga masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi olondola.
Zosankha za Oweta Madzi
Chinyezi chowoneka bwino chimatchedwa madzi. Madzi apansi panthaka akuya kwambiri, pomwe kuyeretsa kwachilengedwe kumayamba. Imakula kuchokera pansi pa dziko lapansi ku mamita a mita, kutengera malowa ndi gawo la gawo. Malo otuwa alinso ozama. Imapanga manyowa a pansi pa pansi pa pansi.Kuzama kwa Chakumapeto kumatsimikiziridwa ndi mtunduwo komanso kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe ali mkati mwake. Chipatala, chimakhala chimodzimodzi ndi mtengo wobowola ndipo umakhudza nthawi yovomerezeka yoperekedwa kuti igwiritse ntchito chitsime. Chifukwa chake, funso lothandiza chabe nthawi zonse limabuka: Kodi masitolowo ayenera kukula motani? Tiyeni tiwone zomwe zimatengera.
Gwero la Madzi apansi (yomwe ili ndi miyala yamchenga ya nthawi yayitali). Itha kukhala chitsime kapena chozama mpaka 30m. Kudya kwamadzi kuchokera "kunyowa" ndi "mchenga" kwambiri "kulibe malire. Khalidwe lamadzi limatengera momwe zinthu zachilengedwe zililimo: itha kukhala yoyenera madzi, mwa ena kulibe. Popeza kuchuluka kwa madzi amadzi apansi kumasiyananso kutengera nyengo, nyengo ndi zinthu zina zambiri, zokolola za chitsime (choyenda) mu mgwirizano sinakhazikike. Kugwiritsa ntchito bwino bwino kumapatsidwa chitsimikizo cha zaka 1-3.
Gwero la Madzi Opanda Akatswiri Opanda Akatswiri (yomwe ili mu mchenga wa minda ya Jurassic). Zigawo zatalizokha zimapangidwa kuchokera kumadera opangidwa ndi madzi (magalasi) m'miyala yamchenga, yomwe ili pakatikati ndipo imalekanitsidwa ndi madzi osokoneza bongo. Equitube bwino amatha kukhala ndi kuya kwa 30 mpaka 50m kapena kuyambira 50 mpaka 90m (motero, mukamapeza madzi kuchokera kumiyala yamchenga kapena mibadwo ya phrasi). Kuchuluka kwa madzi motero kumatengera kuchuluka kwa magalasi komanso kuchuluka kwa mpweya. Khalidwe nthawi zambiri limawerengedwa kuti likumwa, ngakhale liyenera kusamitsidwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Chitsimikizo chogwira ntchito bwino sichinapitirire zaka 5.
Gwero la Madzi a Arsisian (yomwe ili mu cuck-kirsh miyala] mizere). Mwachitsanzo. Aquifar oyamba amapezeka pakuya: Kummwera, 10 mpaka 60m, kumadzulo kapena kummawa - kuyambira 60 mpaka 120 mpaka 250m. Kupanikizika kwa wosanjikiza kungakhale kotere kotero kuti mulingo wa madziwo udzakwera mpaka 2/3 pamtunda wa chitsime, ndipo nthawi zina padzakhala kasupe wamadzi atathamangitsa - kudzikonda. Mphindi yotsiriza iyenera kudziwikiratu.
Chilengedwe chokha chimasamalira kuyera kwa madzi akumwa chochokera ku kuya kwapamenezi: Zabwino za Jurassic ndizomwe zili pamwambapa ndikuletsa kuswa kwa madzi apansi panthaka. Tsegulani izi ziyenera kukhala zoyera kwambiri, osalola matenda awo ndi madontho awo ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida zomwe sizisiyanitsa zinthu zovulaza. Ndi kutsata koyenera ndi ukadaulo wobowola, nthawi yotsimikizika pachitsime 5 ndi ozizira.
Madzi a mchere kapena brine (isgorition a miyala yamiyala). Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa mchere kusungunuka madzi kumatuluka kuchokera pakuya kwa chitsime. Ndi amanena oposa 1 g / l, madzi imatchedwa mineralized kapena mchere, ndi pa 50 g / l - brine. Kukhazikika ndi kapangidwe ka mchere wosungunuka m'madzi madzi ndi motere kumawagwiritsa ntchito bwino kuchiza matenda osiyanasiyana. Madzi ochiritsa machiritso omwe alibe. Mitengo ya zitsime zapadera sizabwino. Pobowola ndi awo ndi zitsime zina, layisensi yapadera ndiyofunikira, dongosolo lolandila lomwe limapitilira mutu wa nkhani yathu.
| Mtundu wa Kubowola | Tchire | Mtundu wa bwino | Kuzama, M. | Madzi am'madzi *** | Debit, m3 / h | Nthawi ya Chitsimikizo, Zaka | Mtengo 1Pog. $ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mu mtundu wa mchenga | Madzi apansi | Oyera | Mpaka 30. | Mwatsopano, makamaka ukadaulo, kungakhale kovuta | Mpaka 1 | 1-3. | Kuyambira 30 mpaka 40. |
| Kutanthauzira kosasinthika | Choko * | 30-50 | Zatsopano, zomwe zikuchitika makamaka, zitha kukhala zovuta | Mpaka 1.5 | Mpaka 5. | Kuyambira 30 mpaka 50. | |
| Jurassic * | 9- 90. | Zatsopano, kumwa | Mpaka 1.5 | Mpaka 5. | Kuchokera ku 830 mpaka 50. | ||
| Miyendo kapena dolomite | Kukakamiza | Wopendesa | 40-250 ** | Zatsopano, kumwa | Mpaka 100 **** | 5 kapena kupitirira | Kuyambira 40 mpaka80. |
| Mtovu | 70-300 ** | Kumwa, kudyetsa | Mpaka 10 | 5 kapena kupitirira | Kuyambira 40 mpaka80. | ||
| Pemphero | Kuchokera 300 ** | Solomoni, pamafunika kuchepetsedwa | - | - | - | ||
| * - kokha kumpoto kwa dera la Moscow (Dmitrovskoye, Yaroslavl ndi malangizo a Lembera); ** - Zimatengera m'deralo; *** - popanda kuyeretsa kwa mankhwala; **** - yochepa pakugwiritsa ntchito pampu. |
Mtundu wamadzi
Madzi pachitsime kapena bwino ayenera kukhala owonekera, opanda utoto, osaperekanso mpweya ndi fungo, ndipo alibe tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Komabe, pafupifupi anthu onse am'madzi onse a kuwunika ochimwa ndi kuchuluka kwa chitsulo. Chifukwa chake, madzi owonekera mwamtheradi pakukweza chitsime pansi amatha kuwunikira pansi pa zochita za mpweya komanso ufa. Zomwe zili zachitsulo m'malo ambiri a Chigawo cha Moscow zimachepetsedwa ndikuwonjezeka pakuya kwakuya. Koma nthawi yomweyo ma fluorine okhutira. Ichi ndichifukwa chake palibe kampani yobowola ndi luso lalikulu lothandiza limatsimikizira pamadzi. Zitsanzo za zitsanzo zikadziwika zitsime ziwiri za amisiri pafupifupi 10-15 km kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake zimasiyanitsa ndi mitundu: kuchokera kumodzi, madzi abwino amachokera kumodzi, ndipo kuchokera kwina kumachokera pamwamba. Sinthani nokha kufunika koyeretsa mankhwala ngakhale madzi a arsisian. Kenako, ngati kukakhala komveka bwino komwe sikutanthauza kusintha kwina kulikonse, kumakhala kukudabwitsani.
Kuti mupeze gwero latsopano, kusanthula kwa mankhwala ndi bacteriol yamadzi nthawi zonse kumachitika (yachiwiriyo ikufunikira pachitsime mumthanthwe). Popeza kubowola kwamimba kumatha kuchita zokwera mtengo komanso kuyeretsa madzi kuchokera kulibe, nthawi zina kumangokhala pachitsime kapena chitsime chamadzi, kutsatiridwa ndi chiyeretso chamadzi. Izi zimakupatsani mwayi kuti muchotse chitsulo chowonjezera kuchokera pamenepo, ndikuchepetsa kuuma, kuchepetsa mpweya kulowa mu thupi la fluorine, strontium, radium ndi zinthu zina zosafunikira kapena zoyipa.
Mawonekedwe obowola zitsime zosaya
Popeza malo am'madzi am'madzi am'madzi ali pa mapu a hydrogelogicalogicalogicalogicalogicalogicalogicalogicalogicalogicalogicalogicalogical mamapu amakhala pafupifupi, ndiye kuti ali ndi mwayi wosankha kubowola. "Masharubu" apadera amatha kukonza kukhalapo koyamba kwa mtunda wamadzi, koma osati kuya kwa malo ake osati kuchuluka kwake. Ponena za zomwe zachitika pa kampaniyo "Burovik", zitsime zokhala ndi 3 m3 patsiku la 97% ya nthaka yakuzama kwa 30m.Kuwotcha bwino pogwiritsa ntchito kukhazikitsa nokha, motero mwini malowo ayenera kuganiza za momwe nalok adzafika kuntchito. Njirayi imachitika ndi "youma" yobweretsera 190mm mpaka wosanjikiza wa mchere wa mchenga wokhala ndi madzi okwanira.
Kenako kugwedezeka kumachotsedwa pachitsime ndipo kutalika kwa mulifupi mwake kumayikidwa pamalo ake, kokwanira kuti iyike pampu yotsika (monga "Kid" kapena 123m. Mapaipi amaperekedwa chitsulo kapena pulasitiki. Maganizo pa zabwino komanso zovuta zake ndizosangalatsa. Mbali yam'munsi ya chitoliro ili ndi mawonekedwe osefera okhala ndi malo onunkhira, omwe ali zosefera, miyala kapena kuphatikiza kwake.
Kukula kwa khungu la sefa za ma mesh amasankhidwa pa kudya madzi oyeserera, kutengera mtundu wamchenga-wamkulu kapena wapamwamba. Ndi mchenga wabwino kwambiri, zosefera zowoneka bwino zimatsekedwa bwino ndikupanga nkhata yamadzi. Chifukwa chake, pankhaniyi, zosewereka pamiyala yamiyala 3-8 mm, kugona mu chithunzi cha fyuluta chidzakhala chothandiza kwambiri. Pa chitsime chaukadaulo, zosefera nsapato sizinayikidwe.
Koma vuto lalikulu ndi kusankha kwa malo obowola. Masters akufuna kulozedwa kwa kasitomala, komanso kumbali. Kunyengerera nthawi zambiri kumawoneka chonchi. Ngati madzi omwe ali pachitsime sanapezeke (mpaka 30 m), amawerengedwa kuti amafufuza ndipo amalipira kawiri kapena anayi (monga momwe adavomerezera) wotsika mtengo kuposa madzi.
Kubowola zitsime zakuya
Kubowola zitsime zakuya kumayamba "youma", koma pogwiritsa ntchito ochapira dongo. Amadyetsedwa mokakamiza kudzera mu ndodo yobowola kuti muchepetse kufinya kwa ufulu wakuya. Njira yothetsera isanayambike kudzenje (yoomf) ya 2-2.5 m2, yomwe ikuzika pafupi ndi tsamba lobowola. Chifukwa chake, mukamagwira ntchito, mudzafunikira malo ambiri kuposa maz (kapena Kamaz) ndi makina odula madzi. Koma za zochulukirapo za njirayi, iwo osachepera awiri.
Pambuyo pobowola mchenga wapamwamba ndikukwaniritsa miyala yamiyala, zitsulo zomwe zimapangika zimatsitsidwa ndikubowola ndi madzi oyera. Kuti muchepetse kuchuluka kwa madzi apansi panthaka m'madzi osungirako pansi pa pansi pa pansi pa pansi pa nthaka, amakhala otalikirana ndi matope a simenti kapena dongo. Mkati mwa khola muli mtundu wa hermetic ndikugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo za zitsulo kapena mapaipi apulasitiki. Akatswiri ochokera ku Burgetoom akulimbikitsidwa kuti achite izi kuchokera ku mapaipi a PVC. Zinthu izi ndizolimbana ndi kutukuka, zolimba komanso zolimba ndipo zimakwaniritsa zotengera zazakudya. Clay Castle (Pakcoker), malinga ndi antchito a kampaniyo, ndizothandiza kwambiri. Chifukwa cha izi, mabotolo agogo owuma (compctocnitis) a kupanga Germany amagwiritsidwa ntchito. M'malo otsefuwa, amatupa, ndikuwonjezera voliyumu 2-5 nthawi, pomcheza ndikumatira ku misa imodzi. Chifukwa chake Phukusi lokhazikika limapangidwa, kutseka njira kuchokera kumtunda kupita kumtunda ndi madzi oyera. Ali pachitsime chake ndi chofunda ndi mzati wa PVC, kampaniyo imapereka chitsimikizo kwa zaka 30.
Dziwani kuti kuchuluka kwa ogula am'mimba kapena madzi amchere kumabweretsa dontho m'madzi a madera pafupifupi 0.1-0.5. Apa ndikugwiritsa ntchito nthawi ya zaka 30 pachitsime.
Ufulu wopanga madzi azungu amafunikira layisensi. Ngati zafotokozedwa, bungwe lobowola limayendetsa ndalama zolipira mwalamulo. (Layisensi siyofunika pachitsime mumtundu wamchenga.)
Nthawi zina zitseko zimawuma mothandizidwa ndi Sabers, omwe amavomereza kuti madzi otsika mtengo komanso kuchokera kuzama. Talingalirani, izi zitha kubweretsa opaleshoni yotsika mtengo kapena nthawi zambiri kuletsa kugwiritsa ntchito zigawo za Chigawo. Kuphatikiza apo, chitsime cholakwika chimatha kusokoneza chiyero cha m'madzi.
Kupukuta mobisa
Pofuna kulowa pachitsime cham'madzi pansi ndi kutentha pang'ono, kumtunda kwake (kwathunthu kwa dongosolo) kumayikidwa mu chitsime chosindikizidwa. Nthawi zambiri imapangidwa ndi mphete za konkriti ndi galasi ndi matalala osakhazikika komanso pansi poti kuphatikizidwa ndi pepala lachitsulo ndi makulidwe a 5mm. Mwana woyamba, chidebe chomwe chimachokera ku Causson. Kuchokera pamwamba pa chitsime chimakhala ndi chivindikiro. Pamapeto pa mzati wogwira ntchito, valavu yomwe ili ndi tee imayikidwa. Gawo lozungulirali limatchedwa mutu.Mapampu ophatikizika a zitsime ndi zitsime
| Kupanga | Mndandanda | Magwiridwe apamwamba, m3 / h | Mainchenti akunja, mm | Maondo a nomber notzle, mm | Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, kw | Mtengo, $ | Kukakamizidwa kwakukulu, m |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grundfos (Germany) | Sq (sqe) | zisanu | 76. | 32, 40. | 0,5-2 * | 370-810 | 200. |
| Ch. | 280. | 98-304 ** | 400 | 0.37-12,5 ** | 450-2500 | 60. | |
| Caldea (Italy) | USD. | makumi awiri | 96. | 40- 50. | 0.37-5.5 ** | 350-610 | 300. |
| Nocchii (Italy) | Scmizaslus. | fifitini | 96. | 40-50 | 0.37-5.5 ** | 270-510 | 300. |
| Ebara (Japan) | BHS. | 5-7 | 101.6 (4 '') | 32. | 0.2-4.6 | 550-850 | 100 |
| Idrogo * | 5-7 | 152.4 (6 '') | 32. | 0,6-1.1 ** | 210-270 | makumi awiri | |
| Webrol (USA) | 10s13blm-20s22blm. | 2.8-5.5 ** | 101.6 (4 '') | 32. | 0.53-1,5 | 300-50 | 80-1222 |
| * - Zitsime; ** - Zimatengera chitsanzo. |
Mapangidwe amasiyanitsa mapampu ophatikizika osungirako malo osungira, kuphatikiza zitsime, ndi zitsime. Oyamba a iwo sakusamala mchenga wamchenga ndipo amakhala ndi chitetezo kuchokera ku "stroke youma" (nthawi zambiri mtundu wa maluwa) omwe amachotsa magetsi pakusowa kwa madzi. Ubwino Wabwino wa Mapampu ophatikizika poyerekeza ndi "mwana" wanyumba ndiye mwayi wophatikizira pafupipafupi.
Malinga ndi akatswiri a akatswiri a uinjiniya "Njira yozizira pampu, chifukwa chake kuwonjezeka kwapamwamba kwa moyo wake, mtunda pakati pa khola lake ndi khoma la mzati wa opareshoni uyenera kukhala pafupifupi 20mm.
Pamakoma a chitsime, pansi mpaka kuzizira, amakonzedwa kuti nditsetse zitsulo zomangirira (zopanga) kapena kulumikizana ndi zingwe za rabani (kwa konkriti bwino). Kudzera mwa iwo, kuyambira pa tee, thambo limayikidwa ndi chitoliro chamadzi kupita kunyumba.
Malinga ndi zomwe zachitika posachedwapa, kupezeka kwa madzi ku nyumba kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito kupop yotchedwa pansi mobisa (PNA). Cholinga chake ndikuwonetsetsa kuti madzi odzivulaza ndi osasinthika komanso osasinthika kuchuluka kwa madzi kuchokera pachitsime ndi njira yophatikizira pampu yotsatira. Malinga ndi kapangidwe ka PNN, itha kukhala imodzi ndi theka. Ili paliponse pa chiwembu (nthawi zambiri mkati mwa chitsime), kapena m'chipinda chapansi. PNNA-LNA yomwe ili ndi chidebe chimodzi chotchedwa Hydroaccunury membrane tank kapena chabe hydroaculator. Mothandizidwa ndi pampu, madzi kuchokera pachitsime amathandizidwa, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ma 16 m3 / h. Ndi PNNA-HNA yokwanira ziwiri, madzi kuchokera pachitsime chimadzaza chidebe chowonjezera, pomwe pampu yachiwiri yaperekedwa ku hydroacbulalator. Amachokera kwa "ogula": M'madzi akuthirira, mu dongosolo lazomera (podzaza (dziwe), dziwe, kusambira), posamba, etc. Kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwamadzi kumakhazikitsidwa ndi wogula pogwiritsa ntchito gulu lowongolera ndikusamalidwa mu kachitidwe, koma, mwachilengedwe, pamaso pa mphamvu.
Chitsimikizo ndi chovomerezeka
Ngati kuwonongeka kwa chitsime munthawi ya chitsimikizo kuyenera kutchedwa katswiri wa bungwe la contracting, lomwe lidzafika pamalopo kuti mudziwe zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli. Izi zitha kupangidwa molakwika kubowola kapena kulephera kwa zida. Kwa nkhani yoyamba, vutoli liyenera kuchotsedwa kwaulere, pansi mpaka kubowola kwatsopano kwina ("Pereburnjer"). Lachiwiri - zovuta za katswiri adzalipira. Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa madzi oyamba, omangira nyumba yobowola siili ndi udindo, ndipo muyenera kulumikizana ndi kampaniyo yomwe imasankha ndikukhazikitsa zosefera zamankhwala. Kupatula kungakhale momwe zinthu zilili, chomwe chimayambitsa madzi a dzimbiri chinali mapaipi achitsulo a gulu lantchito.Nkhani zonse zokhudzana ndi kuwonongeka kwa chitsime pambuyo pa kutha kwa nthawi ya chitsimikizo kumatha kuthetsedwa ndi kampani iliyonse yobowola, koma ndalama.
Malangizo
- Musanamalize mgwirizano, onetsetsani kuti mwazindikira kuti ndi chiphaso cha bungwe la ntchito kuti zikwaniritsidwe. Funsani rig yobowola imodzi yobowola, yomwe ili ndi pasipoti yaukadaulo, yotulutsidwa m'gululi.
- Yesani kumaliza mgwirizano wa mitundu yonse ya ntchito pamadzi okukumba chitsime, kuyika pampu, kuyikapo kwa kayendedwe ka madzi mobisa komanso bungwe lalikulu la mgwirizano. Kenako adzathetsa mavuto onse omwe angakhalepo nthawi ya chitsimikizo (onetsetsani kuti izi ziyenera kupezeka pa mgwirizano). Popeza ntchitoyi imachitidwa mu magawo, ndipo ndalama zitha kupangidwa chimodzimodzi.
- Timachita kafukufuku wa mphindi chaka ndi bacteriol yamadzi. Kukhazikitsa zitsime ndi zitsime mpaka 30m. Ndikwabwino kutulutsa madzi amadzi mu nthawi yachilimwe.
Makhalidwe a ma mesh ovalitsa
| Malaya | Ma mesh | Kukula kwa khungu, mm | Khoma makulidwe, mm |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chitsulo | Mfuti | Kuchokera pa 7.14 mpaka 0.65 | 0.56-1,2 |
| Keuper | Kuchokera pa 0.2 mpaka 0,5 | 0.8-1.6 | |
| Bwalo | Kuchokera pa 0.29 mpaka 3.13 | 0.28-1 | |
| Kapron, Fven. | Nyumba | 2.8. | 0.5-0.75 |
| Choperewera | 2.8. | 0.5-0.75 | |
| Galasi | "Rogozi" | 0,61 | 0.28-0.32 |
| " | 0.50,7 | 0.33-0.4 | |
| Satin | 0.91.6 | 0.75 |
Malangizo
- Musanamalize mgwirizano, onetsetsani kuti mwazindikira kuti ndi chiphaso cha bungwe la ntchito kuti zikwaniritsidwe. Funsani rig yobowola imodzi yobowola, yomwe ili ndi pasipoti yaukadaulo, yotulutsidwa m'gululi.
- Yesani kumaliza mgwirizano wa mitundu yonse ya ntchito pamadzi okukumba chitsime, kuyika pampu, kuyikapo kwa kayendedwe ka madzi mobisa komanso bungwe lalikulu la mgwirizano. Kenako adzathetsa mavuto onse omwe angakhalepo nthawi ya chitsimikizo (onetsetsani kuti izi ziyenera kupezeka pa mgwirizano). Popeza ntchitoyi imachitidwa mu magawo, ndipo ndalama zitha kupangidwa chimodzimodzi.
- Timachita kafukufuku wa mphindi chaka ndi bacteriol yamadzi. Kukhazikitsa zitsime ndi zitsime mpaka 30m. Ndikwabwino kutulutsa madzi amadzi mu nthawi yachilimwe.
Otsatsa zikomo kwambiri kampani yophatikizana kampaniyo, njinga, burovik ndi ukadaulo wamadzi ukadaulo wapadera wokonza pokonzekera zinthuzo.