Mavuto ndi ziyembekezo za nyumba yomanga moscow. Zinthu zogulira ndi mtengo wamtengo wapatali pazipinda zatsopano, komanso mawu ochepa onena za nyumba za kundende za ku Kurkino - dera latsopano la Moscow.
Moscow mwina ndi amodzi mwa mizinda ingapo ya Russia yomwe ili yomanga nyumba yolimba. Chaka chatha, oposa 3.5 miliyoni a nyumba zatsopano adawonekera ku likulu. Nthawi yomweyo, mosiyana ndi zaka zapitazo, 70% ya nyumba zidamangidwa m'malo okhazikitsidwa ndi mzindawo. Mwayi woterewu wawoneka chifukwa cha kukhazikitsidwa kwa pulogalamuyi kuti igwirizanenso ndi nyumba zoimiranso nkhani zisanu ndi zomaliza pamabizinesi opanga mafakitale kuchokera ku Moscow. Ntchito yopindulitsa ndi kumanga nyumba zogona m'boma lomwe lili ndi mawonekedwe apadera (makamaka pamtunda wa mzinda) amapatsidwa mwayi waukulu wa zowonjezera zomangamanga (Dvps).
Dipatimenti ya mfundo zowonjezera zomanga Moscow yatulukira mu 1996. Kale kenako zidawonekeratu kuti mzindawu sungathe kukhalabe patsogolo pantchito yomanga yabwino yokhayo pokhapokha ngati mungapeze ndalama zomwe mwapeza. Zinali zofunika kukonzanso dongosolo la chithandizo chazachuma kwa mapulogalamu omanga. Chifukwa chake, Woyambitsa Ngongole Matauni, ndalama ndikugwirizanitsa zigawo zosiyanasiyana za pulogalamu yogulitsa ndalama, kuphatikizapo ofesi ya kukonzanso kwa CircleBudgetory. Osati ndalama zokhazokha zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zonsezi.
Mphotho yanyumba ya Russia ili ndi 2.76 biliyoni lalikulu la dera lonselo. Oposa 290 miliyoni (11%) amafunikira kukonzanso kwakukulu ndikukonzanso nyumba zothandizira nyumba, ndi 250 miliyoni (9%) pomanganso. Pafupifupi 20% ya malo okhala mumzinda sunasungidwe. M'mizinda yaying'ono, nyumba yachiwiri ili ndi ukadaulo wathunthu. Mwambiri, pafupifupi anthu 40 miliyoni (oposa 27% a anthu ambiri) amakhala m'nyumba zomwe sizinakwaniritse. Chiwerengero cha nyumba zokhala ndi nyumba zokhala ndi zochulukirapo ndi zowonjezera zopitilira 70% zikukula. Kwa zaka 8, kuchuluka kwa nyumba zoterezi ndi 60%, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kukhalamo ndi 32%. Tsopano m'nyumba kuti ziwonongedwe, pafupifupi 2% ya anthu ku Russia amakhala.
Tidauzidwa za mavuto ndi ziyembekezo za nyumba yomanga momcow, ndulu ya dipatimenti ya mfundo zowonjezera za Sergey Vladimiat Tohor adatiuza.- Sergey Vladimirovich, kodi mungapangitse bwanji zomwe zikugwirizana ndi zomanga kunyumba ku Moscow?
- Kulowa nyumba makamaka yunifolomu, ngakhale nthawi zambiri kumakhala mabungwe enieni operekera nyumba zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa kwa miyezi 3-6. Nthawi zambiri, kutumiza nyumba zatsopano kumachitika kumapeto kwa chaka. Pali zovuta ndi ntchito yomanga. Zofunsa zazikulu za Novoselov kuda nkhawa za malo okongoletsa, mkhalidwe wa ma network, zolowera ndikuwafikira.
Tsopano ku Moscow nyumba okhala nyumba, makamaka mitundu iwiri. Awa ndiwodziwika kale, koma osalandilidwa monolitic. Mwa iwo, chimango chimaponyedwa kuchokera ku konkriti, ndipo makhomawo amazikidwa ndi njerwa kuti nyumbayo "ipume". Mwa zina, njerwa zokongoletsera ndizokongola ndipo sizikuwononga mawonekedwe a mzindawo. Sindingasiye zomangamanga, ndikungodziwa kuti ukadaulo wa zomangamanga za Monolithic amayi amakupatsani mwayi wopanga zipinda zaulere. Ndikofunikira kuti nyumba ndiofunda komanso potsatizana ndi zofunikira za Snamka "kumanga umisala wamoto". Nyumba izi sizokwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa gulu, koma khalani omasuka mwa iwo. Tikuyembekeza kuti kumapeto kwa 2002, kusiyana kwa mtengo pakati pa nyumba ya Monolithic ndi Panel kudzachepetsedwa mpaka 10-15%. Nyumba yomanga nyumba ndi gawo lotsatira pambuyo pagawo, kotero mangani padziko lonse lapansi.
- Kodi ndi zoona bwanji zomwe nyumba zamagulu wamba sizimakumana ndi malamulo pamoto ndi kunyanja?
- Inde, vutoli lilipodi. Ndi momwe mungasankhire, sizikudziwika. Chowonadi ndi chakuti matope omwe amapangidwa ndi ma coolines atatu omanga nyumba ambiri amadziwika kuti "ozizira" malinga ndi miyezo iyi. Ndi zida zopangira maofesi opangira "zofunda" zofunda "pa dsc palibe ndalama. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kumeneku sikugwirabe ntchito kuti kumanga nyumba sikudzuka. Ndikwabwino kuposa malo okhala kuposa palibe. Kuyambira 2001, dipatimentiyi yatsala pang'ono kugwira ntchito yomanga nyumba za gulu. Makampani omwewo omwe amapanga nyumbazi tsopano akusunthira ku ukadaulo watsopano. Tikulankhula za omwe amatchedwa gulu lotchedwa-Monolithic: chimango ndi monolithic, ndipo mapanelo osungunuka ali pamwamba.
- Ndi mavuto ati omwe alipo tsopano?
- Choyamba, izi ndi kuchuluka kwa mtengo womanga. Kwa theka lachiwiri la chaka chatha, idakwera ndi 35-40%. Ndipo izi zimachitika makamaka ndi kuchuluka kwa mitengo yomanga, yomwe idafika pafupifupi 50%. Simenti idapitilira pafupifupi kawiri, chitsulo - ndi 20% ndikukhala okwera mtengo kuposa kumsika wakunja, mitengo yamtengoyo idafika padziko lapansi. Ndi mchenga wofunikira ndi miyala mu Moscow mu Moscow pa zoperewera. Mitengo yamtengo wapatali yomanga zida zomangira ndi opareshoni yake, ngakhale kuti akukwera pamtengo wa mafuta pafupifupi 20%, sizinali zofunikira kwambiri ndipo zinali zofunika kwambiri komanso zaka 3-4%. Pafupifupi kwambiri zomwe zakhala zikukwera.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti ambiri mu Moscow mtengo wa ntchito yomanga ndi wokwera kwambiri. Zomwe zimapezeka pampikisano wotsika pakati pa zomangamanga ndi makampani oyiyika. Kuti tithetse vutoli, titayamba kupita ndi njira yolipirira ku mgwirizano. Dongosolo ili kuphatikiza kuchepetsedwa kwa mtengo wa ntchitoyi kumalola kugwiritsa ntchito chida chotere kwa kasitomala monga inshuwaransi yanyumba. Kachiwiri, timakopa omanga ku Yugoslavia nyumba zokhala ku Yugoslavia kuchokera ku Yugoslavia, Makedonia, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Moldova, ndikugwira ntchito yodziwika. Posachedwa, zomangamanga ndi kuyika makonzedwe ochokera ku Chitsanzo ku Moscow kulimbana bwino ndi omanga ku Moscow. Kuti mugwire nyumba yosankhika pakati pomwe tikukonzekera kukopa ma contranti a ku Finland. Koma izi sizitanthauza kuti tikana minofu. Mwachitsanzo, makontrakitala ena a Valentina Llc kapena Astrom-7 LLC, sakulilika kukhala zoyipa kuposa alendo. Ndipo mpikisano wathanzi umangopangitsa mafayilo a mzinda a mzindawo amagwira ntchito ndi udindo waukulu.
Kuyambira kuyambira 2001, ntchito yayikulu ya dipatimenti yathu inali ntchito yomanga nyumba ya anthu olemera. Tikulankhula za Monolithitic ndi Ndodo zamitundu yosiyanasiyana m'magawo otchuka a likulu. Kuyika nyumba ndi nyumba zoterezi kudzachitika pakatikati komanso m'malo okhala ndi gulu la Northern, Southeast, kumwera kwa madera oyang'anira. Kuphatikiza apo, dipatimenti ya CowecleBuntgery Purce Courtge ya zaka zitatu idutsa 900 zikwi m2 nyumba ku Angunino m'dera la Kurkino. Mlingo wa nyumba zatsopano ukhale wokwera kwambiri. Mtengo wa 1 m2 pakatikati pa likulu ndi nthawi zambiri kuposa $ 1000. Nthawi zina, imachokera $ 700 mpaka $ 1000 pa 1 m2. Pakadali pano, ku Kurkino, nyumba imagulitsidwa pamtengo wa $ 500 pa 1 m2, koma pali chifukwa chokhulupirira kuti ndi chitukuko cha chigawochi chikuwonjezeka mpaka $ 600-700.
Nyumba yatsopano ikhoza kugulidwa mwachindunji kuchokera ku boma la Moscow.
Posachedwa kugulitsa nyumba m'nyumba zomangidwa ndi boma la Moscow kunali ufulu wa makampani ovomerezeka 15 eni nyumba. Koma mu Disembala chaka chatha, malo amodzi ogulitsa nyumba, omwe adapangidwa ndi dipatimenti ya deparbudgetary, adayamba ntchito yake. Ntchito ya pakatikati ndikupanga nzika kukhala zosavuta komanso zabwino kwa nzika. Wogula aliyense wa malo a mzindawo atha kugula nyumba zatsopano, zomwe zimamangidwa ndi ma makampani ovomerezeka, ndipo kudzera mu malo ogulitsira a Moscow, zomwe zimapangitsa njira kukhala yosavuta komanso yotetezeka kwa kasitomala. Tsopano likulu limagulitsa nyumba zoposa nyumba makumi asanu ndi limodzi, zomwe zatumizidwa kale kapena kutumizidwa chaka chino. Malo onse omwe ali ndi nyumbayo ndi oposa 700,000 m2.Malinga ndi boma la Moscow, mu 2000, omanga ma 2000 adamangidwa ndikutumidwa 3530.9,000 m2 m'malo onse a nyumba, ndipo mwachindunji M2. Mwa awa, 414.6 m2 - nyumba ya mabichi; 1460.8 Zikwi mphambu zikwizikwi adabweretsa pulogalamu yomanganso nyumba zisanu, ndipo 670.2,000 m2 idaperekedwa ku malo osungirako minyewa (nyumba 169 zidawonongedwa ndi malo onse a 492.1 Zikwi m2).
Wina 628.3 zikwizikwi ndi malonda ogona ku mathithi. Pakatikati pa Moscow, 336 zikwi za nyumba zogona (Maunicleal - 49.8 Zikwi, zomwe zidatheka chifukwa chakumapeto kuchokera kudera lino, mahekitala 79.
Chopereka chachikulu pantchito yomanga likulu chidaperekedwa ndi dipatimenti ya mfundo zowonjezera za Moscow. Kugulitsa kwawo ku nyumba yatsopano mu 2000 kunakwana 11.4 biliyoni, potero adawonekera 919.2,000 m2 a dera lonselo. Nthawi yomweyo, nyumba 21 yokhala ndi malo onse a 143.7,000 adamangidwa m'dera la mzinda (65% kuposa chaka chatha). Oposa 234,000 m2 anali aulere kumzindawo.
Nyumba zotsika mtengo zimatha kugulidwa m'magawo akulu achitukuko: Kumpoto ndi kumwera kwa Monovo (Kasutao) - 11-13 zikwizikwi. Kwa 1 m2, mu Marian Park (Yuvao) - 8-13 ma ruble stable (rubleva (Yuao) - yuao).Malo ogona makamaka amagulitsidwa popanda kumaliza. Pali nyumba zokhala ndi makonzedwe aulere, ndiye kuti, wopanda magawo amkati, zikomo komwe magawidwe ogawana zipinda amatha kuchitidwa mu kukoma kwawo.
Mwa kuchezera malo ogulitsira amodzi, mutha kudziwa bwino mapangidwe ndi zithunzi za zinthu zonse. Ngati angafune, ogula amachoka pamalopo kukaona nyumba yomalizidwa kapena kuonera zomangamanga zikumanga. Posankha njirayi, kasitomala mwachindunji mu mgwirizano wolumikizidwayo, kenako amalipira malonda a banki ndi ma registation mu nyumba yomanga - izi zili mnyumba yomanga nyumba, yomwe ili mu Pakatikati pa Moscow (Vozdvizhenka, 8/1). Kuphatikiza pa ndalama zazikulu kwambiri, wogula amapeza mwayi wochepetsa ndalama zake zachuma - pali mgwirizano pakati pa DVPS ndi Mozomkonomregation poyambira nyumba zogulitsa ndi kugula kwa nyumba. Kumbukirani kuti ntchito ya boma ndi 1,5% ya kuchuluka kwake. Komabe, pofunsira kasitomala, kapangidwe kake ka mgwirizano wogulitsidwa ndikotheka. Kumva kusunga kwa wogula pa Commission, yomwe angapatse kampani yeniyeni (lero kukhala 2.5-3%).
Moscow Dera Switzerland
Vladimir Stute: "Ndikufuna kwenikweni kunena za kurino. Uwu ndi chigawo chatsopano cha Moscow, chomwe chimamangidwa molingana ndi mikhalidwe yamakono ya XXI, dzina la Moscow Switzerland! Sipadzakhala nyumba ya gulu. "
Chimodzi mwazinthu zosangalatsa kwambiri, wogulitsa wamkulu wa omwe ndi dipatimenti ya zowonjezera zomangamanga, ndiye malo oyesera a kurkino. Amayesedwa molingana ndi lamulo la boma la Moscow No. 1063 litalemba Novembara 16, 1999. Malo achitetezowa amakhala kudera lakumpoto chakumadzulo. Kumpoto, malo okhalamo ali pafupi ndi Maskin Speway, kumwera - ku Moscow Road, kum'mawa, ndi malire a Western Mtsinje wa Shodnya. Malowa ndi njira yoyendetsa pakati pa pakati pagalimoto kapena makumi asanu - ndi zoyendera pagulu.
Malinga ndi polojekiti yotukuka komanso yokhazikitsidwa, 936.5 Mitundu ikuluikulu ya nyumba yabwino idzamangidwa m'gawo la mahekitala 790, omwe azikhala anthu 40-45,000. Gawo loyamba la nyumba zaperekedwa kale kumayambiriro kwa 2001. Chaka chino m2 chidzamangidwa chaka chino. A Win 300,000 M2 adzawonekera mu 2002. Kumanga kwathunthu kumaganiziridwa mu 2003. Nyumba yokhala nzika idzaimiridwa ndi nyumba zolimbikitsidwa kwambiri:
- nyumba 2-3 zosungidwa ndi malo okhala ndi malo a 4,5-5.5 maekala (nyumba yomanga ya nyumba 167.6 chikwi m2);
- Nyumba Zosungidwa ndi Thupi Lapadera ndi malo okhala ndi malo osapitirira 3 maekala (dera la 155.4,000 m2);
- Nyumba mu 7-12 pansi (dera lomanga 580,000 m2).
Nyumba yamitundu wamba ku Kurkino sidzamangidwa. Nyumba zonse zimamangidwa pa ntchito iliyonse ndipo zimasiyana osati mawonekedwe, komanso utoto (chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito njerwa zosiyanasiyana - kuchokera ku pinki yoyera). Koma chinthu chofunikira kwambiri ndikuti m'nyumbazi, kuwonjezera pa mawonekedwe abwino komanso kutentha kodalirika komanso kusokonekera kwamitundu, kukhitchini kukhitchini kukhitchini; Maholo ndi zipinda zokhala 20 m2; M'magawo atatu ndi anayi - mabafa awiri. Makonde onse ndi Loggias idzakula, ndipo mawindo amakono owoneka bwino akhazikitsidwa m'mawindo.
Nyumba zapansi ndi kanyumba zimayenera kukhala ndi machitidwe otenthetsera, omwe angalole okhala m'malo kuti aiwale za zovuta za kusapezeka kwa nyengo ndi kutentha. Madera omwe amapezeka m'derali sangatengedwe pamaziko a gwero limodzi, koma pogwiritsa ntchito wodziyimira pawokha. Njira yothetsera vutoli idathandizidwa ndi kukwanira kwa Moscow, chifukwa idzasunga chilengedwe cha chilengedwe ndi malo a kurkino. M'tsogolo mwake, adakonzekera kukulitsa mtsinjewo ndikumanga damu, lomwe lidzakulolani kuti mutsegule malo osuta komanso database yamasewera amadzi.
Ndipo pamapeto pake, nyumba zonse zotsika zidzakhala ndi magawani omangidwa. Kwa magalimoto okhala nyumba zokwera kwambiri, zomwe zimamangidwa, kapena zopakidwa poimikapo magalimoto ndipo ngakhale malo oika magalimoto oikidwa alendo amaperekedwa.
Kurkino ndizachilendo kwathunthu mu kukongola: chigwa cha mtsinje wa Shodni, kumira kuchokera pansi panthaka, motero, kupulumutsa mawonekedwe a malowa, nyumba zosunga zambiri zidasankhidwa kuti ziike pafupi ku misewu yayikulu, ndipo pafupi ndi mtsinje kapena nkhalango kuti apange nyumba.