Byzantine ndi malo a Gothic ophatikizidwa mkati mwanu. Zokongoletsera zamkati, zokongoletsera.
Mipando yakuda, mapanelo a Oak amapangira mibadwo yachikondi ya Middle Ages
Motsutsana ndi njerwa zomangira, mipando yowala imawoneka yopanda kulemera
Chinsinsi choseketsa cha chifuwa chachikulu komanso champando wa Gothic ndi chotsegulira
Asanayambe kukambirana za Middle Ages, omwe ambiri amagwirizana kwambiri ndi Gothic, muyenera kukumbukirabe Chiyantium. Izi zitha kuwoneka ngati zazitali, koma zimakhala zomveka. Heiress wa ku Roma wakale, Byzantium inalimbikitsa chitukuko cha chilengedwe, kapangidwe kake ndi miyambo ya mkati mwa mayiko a ku Europe.
Mtondontium
Mphepo yamtengo wapatali komanso mkangano wa roma yomwe izigwiritsiridwa ntchito zisanamveke bwino la Byzantium. Zowona, titha kuweruza zokongoletsera za alendo achifumu a mafumu a Byzantine amangokumbukira za nthawi ya anthu azoona, zomwe zidabwera m'magawo azosanja azosaic ndi zitsanzo, zomwe zimasungidwa ku Venice, ku Spain, ku Spain. .Mtima wa Byzantium unali wozungulira, mzinda waukulu kwambiri wa dziko lakale la Abinalval, mwa lingaliro lenileni la mzinda wa nyumba zachifumu ndi zankhondo zapamwamba. Madzi oyipa ndi nyumba yachifumu yayikulu idafa anthu pafupifupi makumi awiri.
Mpata wawukulu unali kum'mawa kwa mzindawo, pakati pa bosphorous ndi nyanga yagolide. Zojambula zake ndi zokongoletsera zake zidakhala zopanda malire kuti zikhale zopanda malire. Makoma ndi mzati wa nyumbazo adalekanitsidwa ndi mbale kuchokera m'magawo osiyanasiyana a marble a marble a marble a marble a marble, ndipo mu mahosi ena - kuchokera kugalasi, utoto ndi maluwa. Wotchuka ndi zodziwika za ku Byzantine, amene anakongoletsa kutentha thupi, anamupatsa mzimu m'malo mwa munthu wotchuka. Golide wotsika kwambiri wagalasi, womwe wapadenga umasonkhana, womwe umasonkhana, unabereka moyo wa Mulungu. Pansi panthaka zidapangidwa ndi mwayi wa utoto wa nble, ngakhale nthawi zina miyala ya Semi-yotere idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati lapis-mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya agate ngakhale rhinestone.
Payokha, ndikofunikira kunena za zinthu zokongoletsera. Silika wotchuka wa pafupi ndi zidutswa zosungidwa zomwe zasungidwa zomwe zasungidwa nthawi yayitali zikuchititsa zabwino ntchito. Maulalo a silika chokongoletsera makhoma, kulimbikitsidwa m'mabowo oletsedwa. Zosavuta ngati kunali kofunikira kutsegula zotseguka, makatani adamangidwa kapena kutembenuka mozungulira mizati. Kuchokera ku Perisiya ndi mayiko a Middle East East, matanga amtengo wapatali adapangidwa kwambiri, omwe amakongoletsedwa ndi mabedi, ziponi ndi mipando yachifumu.
Art ya Byzantine nthawi zambiri imakhala (yosatha) yomwe imadziwika ngati mlatho pakati pa luso la rome yachifumu ya Roma ndi Middle Ages.
Zaka zapakatikati
Kuyamba kwa Middle Ages kumawerengedwa kuti ndi Khrisimasi 800Godan.E. - Tsiku la ku Beenetion la Karl the Great. Amatchedwa Konstantin watsopano, kuyambira pomwepa, womwe adaukhazikitsa Kumadzulo, unali kufanana ndi Chiroma.
Mawonekedwe a omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito a Karl Era amatchedwa Antidieval. Kalanga ine, nkovuta kupeza zitsanzo zowoneka bwino pafazi, muyenera kungoyerekeza zambiri. Zomwe zikuwoneka bwino mukamawonedwa ndi minieniel minienieval.
Ambiri ndiye kuti maholo ndi zipinda pakadali pano akuwoneka kuti alibe. Awo anali zifukwa zawo. Zinthu zambiri za phodunalists zimafuna kupembedza kosatha, komwe sikunangochita zamankhwala oyang'anira bizinesi, komanso nthawi zina zochitika zankhondo. Chifukwa chake, "pafupifupi" Feudal Feudal ndipo odzola ake anali mafoni kwambiri (Nurevna). SKARBA yosavutawa amakhala ndi mipando, ma rapes, mbale, zopereka ndi zinthu zina zofunika zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayendetsedwa kuchokera ku malo kupita pamalo. Titafika munyumba yachifumu, zonsezi zidalembedwa malinga ndi kufunika. Ndizosatheka kutchulanso zopangidwa kwathunthu kapena zokongoletsera.
Khomalo lopaka, kuwonetsera nkhondo kapena bwalo la khothi ndi zizindikiro za Heralgiri, zidagawidwa kwambiri masiku amenewo. Kuphatikiza apo, ndegeyo idakongoletsedwa ndi zokongoletsera zamasamba kapena kumatengera ma drapes. Mayankho enieni kungoletsa magetsi anali kupachika mizere yamiyala kapena kutonthoza. Trelliers zidathandizira kuti zisudzo ndi zokongoletsa nyumbazo ndikumenya ziwembuzo ngati zojambula za khoma.
Kukongoletsa kwamkati kwamkati sikowona tanthauzo la "Middy Ages Midses". Makoma a malowa anali okutidwa ndi utoto wamnthepo wowonda kapena oyera (osudzulidwa m'madzi odzaza ndi choko chodzaza). Utoto womaliza umasinthidwa ndi mizere yotsekemera yofiyira yowonetsera njerwa. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pulasitala yoyera, wopangidwa ndi laimu, mchenga ndi mabwato. Kuphatikiza milandu, pamene kapangidwe kabwino kameneka kakufunika, gypsum yoyaka idawonjezeredwa ku osakaniza. Pulaneti yotereyi imatchedwa Paris kapena French (Franco Plastro).
Malonda osaka adagwira nawo ntchito yokongoletsera maholo, osatchula zida, zida, zikopa zankhondo zopangidwa kuti ziwonetsere Vuto la Asitikali la Asitikali. Zida, ndiyenera kunena, osawonetsedwa nthawi zonse. Nthawi zina amapuma pantchito "- kupezerera" - china chake ngati zifuwa zokongoletsedwa ndi zokongoletsera kapena zodzikongoletsera.
Koma popita nthawi, moyo wa nyumba yachifumu yakale yasintha. Nthawi yankhondo yokhazikika idakonzedwa njira ya danga logonjetsedwa. Komabe, kukambirana za ndulu zodzaza, sizingachitike chifukwa cha chitukuko chokhazikika cha chitukuko chayamba kale ku Xiivek ku Europe. Zomwe zidapangitsa kuti zitheke pang'onopang'ono kalembedwe komwe timayitanitsa Gothic.
Gothic
Mtundu wa Gothic ndi wolimba kwambiri. M'mayiko onse a Western Europe, zipilala zankhondo za nthawiyo zimafanana ndi wina ndi mnzake ngati abale. Kuphatikiza apo, mawonekedwe a Gothic amabadwa kwambiri. Zojambula zowoneka bwino, zokongola komanso zokongoletsera zokongola (zobwerekedwa ndi Byzantines), zipolopolo zakum'mawa (chipongwe cha zomangamanga za Chirabu), nkhuni zosemphana ndi mwala wowoneka bwino. Akatswiri ambiri amaganiza za Gothic kuti apitirize ku Romanesque ndipo, kuwonjezera apo, kuchuluka kwake kwakukulu. Mabuku a Soviet pa mbiri yankhondo akhala atamangidwa kale adalengeza kuti Gothic adapangidwa ndi anthu omwe alephera kumvetsetsa zomangamanga za Romanesquequeque. Komabe, mtundu wakalewu, womwe umayamwa mayzantine ndi obwereketsa kuchokera ku Arabs mtundu ndi kuwala kwa malo, sikungakhale chifukwa cha kusatopa kwambiri kwa osazindikira.Mwanjira ina, dziko la Gothic linali mawonekedwe abodza. Mphamvu ya miyala yamiyala idasungunuka pakutsegulidwa kwa zikwangwani ndi kuchuluka kwa zokongoletsera zosiyanasiyana. Kuyenda masana, kuyenda mkati mwa mkati, kunayamba kukhala ndi masewera odabwitsa a mithunzi. Aoq ndigalasi lopanda matayala, linapangitsa kuti anthu azilambira anthu ena. Zotsatiranso zomwezo za kupezeka kwa Mulungu kunayamba kupezeka mwaluso chifukwa cha kosic. Koma kungowala kokha komwe kumadutsa mgalasi mwazithunzi kunapereka izi.
M'masiku oyambirira a middle, zipinda za nyumbayi zinali zokhuza. Malo opangira maphwando anali kukhala usiku kuchipinda, nyumba yosungiramo chidacho idakonzedwa ngati pakufunika. Gothic Era adapereka zingwe. Ngakhale, polankhula mosamalitsa, zinali zokongoletsera ndipo zinali zophiphiritsa. Kulondola, chinthu choterocho monga Ballitsahin adadziwika m'maiko akale, ku Greece ndi Roma, kenako ku Byzantium. Komabe, ku Europe wakale, adagawika moyenerera ngati njira imodzi yosinthira. Baldahin amathandizira kuti awonetsere kugona kwanyumbayo kuchokera kumalo wamba pomwe wopusa amatha kukhala. Zipinda zoyatsirana zikaonekera pakapita nthawi, mabedi akanatha kupita nalo limodzi ndi canopey, yomwe pang'onopang'ono idakhala yodzikongoletsera. Nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa kuchokera ku nsalu yomweyo ngati madalamu. Kupereka chokongoletsera chokongola chogona chipinda chogona chimawonedwa ngati mawu abwino. Makina opanga ndi Ballitsahin amachitidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zodula ndipo adakulitsidwa ndi zingwe zagolide ndi siliva. Njira yopendekera komanso penti ya minofu idagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Ziwembuzi zinali zosiyana kwambiri.
"Mfumu ya ku France John anali ndi zikopa zitatuzo malinga ndi tchuthi chachikulu chachikristu, tsiku la christmas ndi Christist. Malingaliro ake anali ogwirizana ndi chithunzi cha Chovala cha manja a France m'makona, chimakamatulidwa, kumbuyo kwa mpando kapena pabedi), nsalu yotchinga ndi mikwingwirima ya buluu ndikukongoletsa ndi siliva Nyenyezi. Kukulaku kunayambitsidwa ndi mipando ya mipando ya buluu ndi silika wobiriwira, komanso makatani obiriwira ochokera ku Sarzhi pa Windows ndipo kama ndi kamvekedwe. " (Ch. Mak-Corroyral "Kukongoletsa mkati mwa mkati mwakale mpaka pano.")
Tilinso ndi ngongole "yoyatsira moto" ndi a Middle Ages. Komanso, ngati koyambirira kwa zaka zapakati, malo oyaka moto anali ngati cholinga chozungulira, kenako ndi Xiiv, chinakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri cha mkati. Itha kupangidwa kawiri kapena kuposerapo, kutengera kuchuluka kwa chipinda chotentha. Mafudwe ochititsa chidwi a moto adaloledwa kumupatsa iye mawonekedwe omanga zomanga. Zokongoletsedwa ndi ma turs, zingwe, zotupa ndi zithunzi za zodyera zazikulu, zojambula za kusaka kapena zing'onozing'ono pamitu yapakhomo.
Ponena za mipando, sizinali zosiyana kwambiri ndi zitsanzo zakale za Gothic nthawi ya Gothic. Mipando, zingwe, chifuwa ndi buffets zinali ndi zinthu zopanda pake "zoyambira". Kusintha kwa mipando pamkhalidwe kumatha munthawi ya baroque.
Nestili
Zolemba za Gothic zili bwino. Anatsitsimutsidwa pakati pa zaka za XVIII pazaka zonse zomwe zimatchedwa nzeosta. Mbiri yatsopano yakale ya Gothic idakopa chikondi chake chomwe chimayankha momwe akumvera. Apa ndiye kuti tanthauzo la "Gothic Rommance" lomwe linali: mu chiwembu chomwe chimakhala ndi ma Knights ndi maloto a mayi wokongola, kulumikizana ndidziko lina ndikukumana ndi nyama zongopeka. Mtundu wowoneka bwino umakhala wowerenga nthawi zonse akudikirira mwachangu kwambiri. Choyenera nthawi yomweyo panali malo ojambula zithunzi ndi kuyambitsidwa kwawo. M'malo mwake, mabwinja okongoletsera ndi magetsi adayikidwa pamaganizidwewo ndikuwonetsa bwino. Zitsanzo zosungidwa zowala zowoneka bwino ku Tsaritsyno, kugulitsa katundu wa stronamoov ku Marfino.
Neoetics - mawonekedwe okongoletsa. Gothic akhama, zokongoletsera, zokongoletsera, mawindo odana ndi magalasi, zoyenerera zidasandulika njira, mothandizidwa ndi momwe munthu wachikondi adapangidwira. Kenako mipando ya Gothic idawonekera koyamba, yomwe sinali yosiyiratu pansi pa nthawi yeniyeni. Zinali ngati kumvetsetsa kwa kalembedwe, nkhani ya kulumikizana wamba yomasuliridwa m'chinenedwe cha New New. Nthawi yomweyo, maudindo a Gothic ndi Nbizi zidapangidwa kwambiri. Komabe, sikofunikira kuchonderera gawo la zamakono. Kulankhula za iye kuyenerabe.
Kogwilira nchiti
Ngati tiyesa mabungwe amkale pakutha mphamvu yawo mu mkati mwa mkati mwa anthu amakono, a Byzantine adzapeza atatu apamwamba ndi kuphatikiza. Choyamba, chilichonse chachifumu chimafunikira mtengo wazinthu zazikulu komanso kulawa kwathunthu. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti musawonjezere ndi tsatanetsatane ndipo osapeza malo owoneka bwino ku kanema clip. Kachiwiri, kalembedwe ka Byzantine kudabuka m'nthawi ya Heiday Chipembedzo cha Orthodox, ndi zotsatira zake zonse. Yook-wachitatu, mpaka nthawi yathu ino, osati chifanizo chimodzi cha mkati mwa ufumu wa Byzantine kufika. Komabe, malangizo angapo omwe titha kupereka, podalira magwero ndi malingaliro olembedwa.Mitundu iwiri yayikulu - golide ndi utoto. Ndikofunika kuyang'ana kuchipinda chogona kuti muyang'ane m'mawa uliwonse kuti mumve ngati poryrogenitis (wobadwa wofiirira). Umu ndi momwe ana enieni amakhalira. Adabadwa. Ma banga lokhathamiritsa kwambiri ndi kama. Itha kuvekedwa korona ndi nsalu zopepuka ndi malire agolide kapena ndi mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono agolide. Kuphatikiza kwa ulusi woonda wonyezimira munkhaniyi kumakupatsani mwayi woti mupangitse zotsatira zake. Makoma a makhoma ayenera kusungidwa nthawi yomweyo, koma pamawu amapepuka. Mapeka apamwamba a Irani, mapilo osiyanasiyana ndi makonzedwe.
Kusintha kwa chipinda chanu chochezera mu hominolone holongium holo imatheka ngati ilola kukula kwa chipindacho. Chimodzi mwazosankha za khoma lokongola ndikutengera kumaliza ntchito ndi mbale zamimba. Koma pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuti musakhale olakwika mu kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka kwa mitundu yosankhidwa. Ndi bwino kusamala ndi zomwe mungayike pa ndege. Ngati ntchitoyi ikuwoneka ngati inunso yovuta kwambiri, tikukulangizani kuti mudzilepheretse kuchipinda chokhazikika ndi chofunda chopanda chokongoletsera. Sofa ndi mipando iyenera kukwezedwa ndi nsalu zowala "kummawa". Chofunika komanso kukhalapo kwa mapilo a mafumu osiyanasiyana munjira yomweyo.
Pansi papansi mudzalephera kuchita miyala yamtengo wapatali ya Semi. Koma musakhale olakwitsa. Kusankha kwabwino kwambiri kwa matayala okalamba ndi mawonekedwe osavuta kapena zinthu zonse zomwezi zikuthandizani kuti mupange mawu ofunikira.
Masitayilo akale (makamaka Gothic) mokoma mtima komanso amakondedwa ndi mabinematogerars ndikugulitsanso eni. Zikuwoneka kuti, palibe china chomwe chingapangitse chidwi komanso kusangalatsa chilakolako. Chifukwa chake, pochezera mabungwe angapo omwe ali ndi zigawo za mtunduwu ndikuwunika zidendene za makanema pamutu wa kniti, mutha kumvetsetsa kale momwe "zosayenera."
Ndiye ziyenera bwanji?
Choyamba, palibe chosokoneza. Palibe kutsanzira kwa zomangamanga, palibe kuwononga madenga amdima. Madero azitha "kuthamanga." Chifukwa chake ngati kutalika komwe kulipo sikupitilira 2.5m, pangani chinyengo. Pangani makhoma owala. Mkhalidwe wonsewo uyenera kufananana ndi migodi yodziwika ndi mitundu yawo yowuluka. Kutengera kwa denga kwa denga mu mzinda nyumba, monga momwe zimawonekera, sikuwoneka koyenera nthawi zonse. Ndipo otsatira a ziphunzitso za Feng Shui Shui Statetor akuti ndizosasangalatsa. Koma ngati mukufuna matanda, ndibwino kukonza iwo kukhitchini.
Makosi amkati siabwino kuchita mu mawonekedwe a zipilala zoyenerera. Mutu womwewo ukhoza kubwerezedwanso zokongoletsera za mawindo, pogwiritsa ntchito chokomera cha mawonekedwe ofananira. Pini chithunzi cha makatani osungunuka awiri.
Werengani zambiri. Popanda iwo, palibe njira ichite izo. Koma tikufuna kukuchenjezani ku nkhanza zinthu zokongoletsera izi. Kukhalapo kwagalasi yopanda malo kuyenera kukhala osadziwika kwambiri kuti asatembenuke kuti akhale mawu abwino kwambiri a stylist. Chifukwa chake ndibwino kuti musakhale anzeru pamiyeso yochititsa chidwi yophatikizika ya Alakelkykyky. Zovuta zosavuta za geometric ndi kuphatikiza kwa mawonekedwe ndi zifanizo zowonda ndizosangalatsa kwambiri. Mawindo ang'onoang'ono owoneka bwino amakhala odabwitsa m'makomo amkati, zokongoletsera.
Gobeli ndibwino kupachika kuchipinda. Komabe, "chipinda chogona cha Gothic chitha kupangidwa mothandizidwa ndi matchulidwe omwe atchulidwa kale pamutu pa kama amalepheretsa canopy. Mitundu yolimbikitsidwa - yopepuka ya buluu, emerald kapena saladi. Chojambula pa nsalu chimayenera kukhala chaching'ono komanso champhamvu, chikasu chagolide. Ndikofunika kusankha chomera champhamvu: chomwe chimangokhala ndi chipongwe. Zojambula za makoma zimatha kukhala zosalala, mtunduwo ndi bwino pastel, bata, onsewo adasankhira maulamuliro ndikusiyanitsa ndi iwo.
Gothic Motofs amasintha bwino ana. Apa mutha kudalira chabe zomwe mumangopeka. Ndizotheka kuti kuli pokongoletsa chipinda cha kalonga kapena mwana wamfumu, mudzamvetsetsa mwadzidzidzi kuti amabweretsa maloto a ana.
Buku lopanga mabuku ku Russia
Mawu mipando ndi woyenda Zimakhazikitsidwa chifukwa cha mizu yawo yaku France, yomwe imatanthawuza "kusunthika".
Opindika (Icho. Spaliera - mitengo yosiyanasiyana) - mapeka ophatikizidwa.
Mapetsi - Dzina lina la choler, lodziwika bwino ndizofanana kwambiri. Amachokera ku dzina la mbuye wa ku France wa rabel, mu msonkhano wa Xviv. Adayamba kupanga zomangira kubwalo la Mfumu Henryxiv. Chotupa chotchuka kwambiri, chotchedwa "Carpet kuchokera ku Baye", ndi chotupa cha 70.1m, chosonyeza kuti agonjetsedwe a Wilhelm kupita ku England.
Gothic (Fr.) M'malo mwake, izi zitha kutchulidwa ku Xiii-XV zaka zambiri. Goths - dzina lodziwika bwino la mafuko osokoneza bongo, analanda kumpoto kupita ku Roma ku III - Venters. Monga kalembedwe, Gothic imagawidwa magawo atatu: koyambirira (theka lachiwiri la XII-XIII zaka mazana ambiri); okhwima, kapena okwera (Xiiv); Mochedwa, kapena kuyaka (XIV-XV zaka zambiri).
Opindika . Chinsinsi cha kapangidwe ka magalasi achikuda chimadziwika ku Roma wakale. Byzantines idapereka luso la galasi la Garland Losaic Lostor Exf. Zinatheka ndi chinsalu chagolide chopondera chagolide. Cubes ma cubes adapezeka pamtandamu pamtunda, omwe adalola ndege iliyonse kuti igwire ndikuwonetsa kuwala kwa dzuwa. Malinga ndi chidziwitso china, mawindo ovala magalasi okhala ndi ma examels a utoto amadziwika ku Byzantium. Zidutswa zagalasi zomwe zasungidwa mu kariery Jaminople. Zifanizo za M'zaka za zana limodzi ndi mawonekedwe owonjezera, omwe adayika magalasi owoneka bwino ndi akadana, anali gawo lokongoletsa nyumba zolemera. Mafelemu awa adayimitsidwa ku Framuget (mwala kapena chitsulo) kapena kuphatikizidwa ndi ma hines pazenera. Pakakhala iwo eni ake adachotsedwa, ndipo mawindo adatsekedwa ndi zotsekemera. Kutseka kwamatabwa nthawi zina kumapendekeka kunja komanso mkati kapena kukongoletsedwa ndi zojambula zamkati.