Zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mtengo wokonzeke (pa chiwonetsero cha nyumba yachipinda zitatu mu gulu la Pannel).
M'chilimwe ndi kugwera pafupi ndi khomo lililonse lomwe limamva kugogoda kwa nyundo, kubangula kwa opota, khwalala lamagetsi ndi mawonekedwe amagetsi. Eya, nthawi yokonza ikuyamba. Agela kuti apange ndalama zabwino kuchokera kwa nzika zamo lachitatu atafuna kupeza galimoto komanso nyumba yatsopano.
Kugwera nyuzipepala yotsatsira, muwona kuti msika wokonza ndi osiyanasiyana. Pano ndi makampani amitundu yosiyanasiyana kwambiri, ndipo ma brigades a ambuye akuchita ntchito yokonzanso, komanso masterre achinsinsi a mtundu wocheperako. Ndani wa iwo omwe amapereka nyumba yanu? Kodi mungapeze bwanji mkhalidwe wabwino popanda kulipira zonse? Pomaliza, kodi zinthu zikukwera bwanji kuti poika ndalama zolimba, kodi mudzapeza zotsatira zabwino?
Makampaniwa amapereka "zabwino kwambiri", chitsimikizo cha pachaka (nthawi yomweyo, pafupifupi onse akutsutsa kuti amagwira ntchito ndi ma phompho) ndi $ 50 mpaka $ 1QM. Ambiri mwa mtengo wa zida). Tiyeni tiyese kuti tidziwe, pali zambiri kapena zochepa. Kuchulukitsa, timasankha bwino: nyumba yachipinda zitatu ndi malo onse a 75kv. Mu nyumba ya ma p-44 (makamaka kuyambira pa mndandandawu ndi zosintha zake zili ponseponse munyumba yamakono).
Choyamba, tidzaphunzira mitengo ya ambuye awekha. Mwa njira, pakati pawo pali akatswiri oyenereradi, ndipo izi sizosadabwitsa. Dziweruzireni nokha: Kubwera ku likulu la "Ogwira Ntchito alendo" nthawi zambiri amayamba ntchito yawo yochita makampani, kenako, ndikukumana ndi zokumana nazo ndi ziyeneretso, pitani ku bizinesi yachinsinsi. Amakhala ndi mphindi zomwe zimapezeka kawiri, ndipo ngakhale katatu malipiro pakatikati. Kuchuluka kwa "anthu", monga momwe zingatheke kuntchito zenizeni, mutha kutenga maziko a kuwerengera kwathu. Amaphatikizaponso kulipira kutsatsa modekha ndi zida (ndipo popanda iwo ndizosatheka kukwanitsa). Kusintha kwa mtengo womwewo pa ntchito yomweyo kumadalira kumvetsetsa kwa wizard ndi mtengo wa zinthu zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ganizirani, mtengo kwambiri ndi wofunikira kwambiri kugwira naye ntchito: Ndiye mbuyeyo amachiritsa chiopsezo chake kuwononga chinthu chamtengo wapatali.
Tsopano tiyeni tiwone mitengo yomwe ilipo.
Ntchito Yogwira Ntchito (Kuyika Kwatsopano, Kusamba Kwatsopano, Kusamba kwa ma cranes osamba ndi kumira, kumapeto kwa chimbudzi, kukhazikika kwa chimbudzi, kumira ndi ma cranes) kumawononga $ 150-300. Kusinthana ndi mabatire - $ 20-40 pa chidutswa chilichonse.
Kukhazikitsa zitseko zoyikitsitsa - $ 30-50 pazinthu zotsika mtengo komanso $ 20-30 kwa nyumba zapakhomo. Chiwerengero chonse cha zitseko zisanu ndi ziwiri (khomo lina lowonjezera limawonjezeredwa kwa zisanu ndi chimodzi zomwe zilipo) - $ 150-350.
Ntchito ya mata . Monga lamulo, zikuyenera kuti zikhale zotsekemera pansi ndi matabwa ndi makoma mpaka padenga m'bafa ndi chimbudzi. Kuphatikiza apo ndi chophimba njerwa (cholumikizidwanso ndi matailosi). Dera la nkhope ndi 50kv.m: m'bafa - pafupifupi 30kv.m, kukhitchini, 12kv.m ndi mu holway.m. Kumitengo kwa $ 8-10 kwa 1QM. Tidzawononga $ 400-500 (chifukwa cha makoma okwera kwambiri amaperekedwa, chifukwa cha makoma owoneka bwino amachitidwa mokhazikika, ndipo seams yapafupina ili pakati pa nthawi yanji mawonekedwe a matailosi otsekeka mozungulira mozungulira chipindacho. Mwachilungamo, ziyenera kudziwitsidwa kuti ambuye ena a ntchito zotere amatenga $ 15 pa 1kv.m.
Ma parquet amagwira ntchito : Pansi pa 55kv.m- $ 500-600 ($ 9-11 ya 1kv.m). Pa mtengo uwu, matebulo amaikidwa pamaziko a 10-mamilimenip, omwe kapena mphukira pamanja ndi mfuti yomanga, kapena imamatira ku mastic. Kenako madera ozungulira pa parquet komanso ophimbidwa m'magawo angapo a varnish.
Pali ntchito zazing'onoting'ono monga chipangizo cha denga lokhazikika m'bafa ndi chimbudzi (pafupifupi $ 30-50), nduna ya chimbudzi ($ 80-120 pamlingo wa $ 1-1.5 kwa 1Pog).
Pambuyo popanga mtengo wa njirazi yokonza, timapeza ndalama zofunikira - kuyambira $ 2,200 mpaka $ 3200. Komabe, monga zomwe takumana nazo zikuwonetsa, ndalama zenizeni zimakhala zokulirapo kuposa kuwerengeredwa, chifukwa kusintha konse kwa njira yokonza sikutheka pasadakhale. Ndikwabwino kuwonjezera kuyerekezera ndi 15-20%. Vitoga ndalama zenizeni za ntchito yokonza "Treshka" idzakhala $ 2800-3700.
Zachidziwikire, mutha kupeza "masters" omwe amagwira ntchito yotsika mtengo. Koma sizingakhale zokhazikika komanso zapamwamba, ndipo zinanso kuti ayi "eurocardia", ndi wamba "zodzikongoletsera" zomwe sizingatsimikizire mtengo wovuta kwambiri. Ngati nyambo yopanda kasitomala. Kenako mitengo yotsika kwambiri ya ntchito zolengezedwa ndi ndalama zolipiridwa ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito yowonjezera, monga lamulo lomwe limapezeka panthawi yoyenera. Kuphatikiza apo, kutulutsa kowonjezereka ndi komwe nthawi zambiri kumaphatikizidwa ndi zazikulu.
Chitsanzo china chodziwika bwino cha matayala. Mtengo wa ntchito ya mataile sikukulitsa ngati pang'ono (mpaka 1-2 ° C) kuphatikizika kwa khoma kumafunikira. Kumvera kupatuka kwawo kowoneka bwino kwa vertical (pafupifupi 3-5cm) kumaganiziridwa kale ngati ntchito yowonjezera ndipo kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito gululi yachitsulo.
Mwambiri, lingaliro la "ntchito yowonjezera" silodziwika. Chifukwa chake, zonse ziyenera kufotokozedwa musanayambe kukonza, mwinanso kuchuluka kwa mtengo ndizotheka. Chifukwa chake, mtengo wa kugona kwa magonedwe sikuphatikiza kuphatikizika pansi mu nyumba yonse. Kuwonongedwa kwa milingo kumatsitsidwa pa zipinda zoyandikana ndipo pali ntchito yowonjezera (komanso yotsika mtengo). Zindikirani, mfundo ya "inatero imatanthawuza" mukakonza zomwe akuyerekeza sizikugwira ntchito.
Khalidwe ndipo, motero, mtengo wokonza umadalira zinthu ziwiri. Choyamba, ndi luso komanso luso la akatswiri ambiri (ambuye). Kachiwiri, kuchitira zinthu moyenera, ndiko kuti, kusankha akatswiri ndi bungwe lolondola la ntchito yawo ya ryhythmic (yopanda nthawi ndi abrasions). Chifukwa chake, mapangidwe a mtengo wokonzanso ali ndi zinthu zingapo. Palinso malamulo ang'ono kapena akuluakulu okwanira: kuchuluka kwa ntchito sikuchepetsa, koma, m'malo mwake, kumawonjezera mtengo wa njira yonse (popeza kuchuluka kwa ntchito zake ).
Mwachitsanzo, lingalirani mtengo wokweza Bale'sykey "p-44 (Banja Lapadera, Kusambira Kusamba 170170CM). Nthawi zambiri ma brigades a ambuye kapena makampani ang'onoang'ono amatenga ntchito iyi kuchokera $ 800 mpaka $ 1,200.
Kuti tisanthule tati, timagwiritsa ntchito mitengo yomwe tafotokozazi. Ntchito yolumikizidwa ndi kuphatikizidwa (pafupifupi mamita pafupifupi 30. m), kukhazikitsa zitseko ziwiri, nduna ya magetsi ndikuyimilira malekezero kuti muwononge $ 550-800. Kusiyana pakati pa kuchuluka kwake ndi mtengo wa ntchito "mpiru" - ndipo pali malipiro a bungwe. Zimapanga pafupifupi 50% ya mtengo wonse wokonza.
Chifukwa chake, ngati mungawonjezere mtengo womwe wapezeka pamwamba pa ntchito yonse yokonza nyumbayo 50% ya bungwe, ndiye kuti igwira ntchito $ 4200-555500. Kugawa ndalamazi pa 75kv. M., ine chifukwa cha $ 50-70 kwa 1kv.m. Ndalama zomwe zikugulitsidwa zitha kukhala zapamwamba kuposa (mpaka 100%). Poyamba, izi ndizochuluka kwambiri. Koma apa zimaphatikizapo malipiro a PubA wa 1.5-2 miyezi yambiri ($ 500-600), ndipo mtengo wa chida, zomwe, zimatentha, monga antchito, osachita monga wawo. Pomaliza, musaiwale za misonkho ndi kutsatsa kolimba.
Kuti mumvetse bwino momwe zalungamitsidwa izi mu mtengo woyambira, mutha, ngati inunso mumayesa kudzudzula ntchitoyi ndi kuwongolera kwa mkhalidwe wawo. Muyenera kuchita ntchito za wopanga, pepala lolemba, wotsatsa, wolamulira sti.d. etc. Kusankha kugwiritsa ntchito malonda apadera, musaganize kuti pokweza foni ya foni, nthawi yomweyo mumagwira ntchito. Mwa njira, kusankha bwino kuyenera kuchitika kamodzi kokha. Kutali ndi akatswiri azachinsinsi omwe amafunikira nthawi yayitali kapena sikisi.
Mpikisano pakati pa "anthu" ndi makampani (makamaka yaying'ono), sikuti, koma yovuta kwambiri, chifukwa zingaoneke poyamba. Akuyerekezeredwa kuti amathandizirana ndi magawo osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana, kupatsa ogula kuti asankhe. Makasitomala Otere omwe amapulumutsa ndalama zowonjezera zokambirana zina zonse, sankhani ochita malonda apadera. Osauka, omwe mitsempha yake ndi yofunika kwambiri kuposa ndalama, pezani kampani yolimba. Ndikofunikira kuti ipange polojekiti yaukadaulo yoyenerera, imalumikizana ndi mgwirizano wonse ndi kuvomereza kwa Commissict Commission (MVK), pamapeto pake, imapereka malangizo okwera mtengo, omwe sangathe.
Ndalama zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi chiwombole cha nyumbayo sichokwera kwambiri, ngakhale kuti chikuwoneka kuti chikukula ndi zovuta za vutoli (makamaka ngati limathetsa ziyeso zotsika). Gwiritsani ntchito cholinga ichi, komanso kutsegula ndi kutsitsa ndikutsitsa, ogwira ntchito moyenerera ndi, zili ngati misomali yokhala ndi maikulosikopu. Kugwedezeka kwa bafa kumatsika mtengo pafupifupi $ 60-100. Kutsitsa ndi kuchotsa zinyalala- $ 30-40, ndipo zikutanthauza kuti kuchotsedwa kwa zinyalala, osati kuchotsedwa pakhomo la zinyalala zapafupi kapena chitseko. Mtengowu ndiwovuta kwambiri pamakolidwe a makoma a konkriti- $ 35-50 kwa 1kv.m (apa ndi ndondomeko za makoma ndi makulidwe a 18-25 masentimita akuwonetsedwa). Izi nthawi zambiri zimafunikira pakaphatikiza nyumba ndipo zimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito zida zotsika mtengo (zodzikongoletsera). Ndiokwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa $ 150-230 kwa 1Q. M- likhala ndikudula mwakachetechete potsegulidwa pogwiritsa ntchito diamondi. Ndikosatheka kuti musazindikire kuti zovuta zambiri zidzapereka chilolezo chofuna kutifumbike mtunduwo mu MVK. Onjezerani mtengo wokonza mitundu yonse ya "zokondweretsa" zamtundu wa denga la magawo awiri, podiums it.p.
Mtengo wosintha pachaka. Nkhaniyi ikuwonetsa mitengo yoyambira yachilimwe, imatha kuganiziridwa kuchuluka. Adzakhala okwera kwambiri mu Ogasiti, ndipo otsika kwambiri nthawi yozizira. Mitengo ya zinthu zomwe tikambirana nthawi ina ikukhudzidwa ndi kusintha komweku.
Zambiri zophatikizira pamtengo wokonza munyumba ya zipinda zitatu za p-44 mndandanda
| Mitundu ya ntchito | Mtengo wonse wa ntchito ndi zida, $ | Mtengo wa ndalama zolipirira,% ya mtengo wathunthu | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ambuye achinsinsi | Mafidzi | ||
| Satechchinic | 700-250000. | 20-30 | 30-45 |
| Ma electrotechnical | 550-1200 | 25-30 | 40-45 |
| Tale | 900-2500 | 25-45 | 40-60 |
| Kukhazikitsa Khomo | 1100-20000. | 15-20. | 25-30 |
| Pepani | 1300-2700 | 60-65 | 75-85 |
| Pasitara | 2000-3000 | 20-25 | 40-50 |
Chiwerengero cha mtengo wa ndalama zolipirira mtengo wa zida *
| Mitundu ya ntchito | Ambuye achinsinsi | Mafidzi |
|---|---|---|
| Satechchinic | 20-30 | 40-80 |
| Ma electrotechnical | 3040 | 70-75 |
| Tale | 30-80 | 70-160 |
| Kukhazikitsa Khomo | 15-20. | 3040 |
| Pepani | 130-140. | 250-300 |
| Pasitara | 40. | 100 |
* - Kwa mtundu uliwonse wa ntchito, mtengo wa zida zokhazikitsidwa 100%