Zipangizo zatsopano zofowoka zomwe zapezedwa polemba zaposachedwa. Gulu, opanga, mitengo.
Padenga ndi imodzi mwazinthu zomangira zomanga, koma pano m'zaka zapitazi zawonekera ndipo talandira gawo lakunjenjemera la zinthu zatsopano
M'zaka zaposachedwa, zakhala kusintha kwakukulu pantchito, komwe kumalumikizidwa ndi kutuluka kwa zinthu zambiri zatsopano pamsika waku Russia. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kunapangitsa kuti ukadaulo ukhale womanga ukadaulo. Kugwiritsa ntchito zida zatsopano zomangira zomwe zimalola kuti zisapulumuke kwambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito pomanga nyumba, komanso zimalimbikitsanso ndalama zingapo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zowonjezera kutentha ndi mphamvu Kusunga zofunikira. Chimodzi mwazinthu zomangirira kwambiri pantchito yomanga padenga, komanso apa zaka zaposachedwa zidawonekera ndipo zalandira zida zatsopano zouluka.
Kutengera padenga la odetsedwa, padenga lagawika m'mitundu 4: yokutidwa, yolimba, yopepuka ndi seti (chidutswa chaching'ono). Kusankha padenga kumachitika chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka nyumbayo ndi zovuta zachilengedwe. Zipangizo zapakhomo zopangira nyumba ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za alendo omwe alipo, ndipo zida ndi zinthu zina zakunja ziyenera kukhala ndi satifiketi yanyumba yosinthira kapena satifiketi yaukadaulo. Kuphatikiza pa gulu, zimathekanso kugawanika m'magulu awiri a padenga la padenga: madenga m'denga lomanga ndi kanyumba kalasi.
Ogudubuza ndi mastic madeti Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito kumalire a kumatawuni komanso kokha mu digiri yotsika kwambiri ya nyumba ndi nyumba. Kupukutira padenga kumachitika kuchokera ku phonasi ndi phula la ma polymec ndi zopanga zopanga, makatoni kapena axastomeric Valscanired zida zamagetsi. Madeti a mastic amapangidwa ndi ma polymen-ozizira a polymer okhala ndi ma gasker olimbikitsa kuchokera ku zinthu zopangidwa ndi zigawenga. Madenga ovomerezeka a padenga la padenga ndi mastic mathithi ndi 0-25% ndipo amasankha kuchuluka kwa zigawo makamaka kapenga wowonjezera wa zinthu zogulira ndi kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Zida zamisala.
Pali zofunikira zingapo za zida za chipangizo cha madeti a mastic ndi mastic. Mabukuwa amaphatikiza magawo ngati awa: kukana kutentha, mphamvu, mphamvu, madzi kuyamwa, madzi ophatikizika ndi kusinthana pa bar ndi radius wina wozungulira kutentha kwina. Magawo apamwamba ovomerezeka a madenga ochokera ku phonance-hulymeric zinthu: kukana kwa kutentha osachepera 55с, mayamwidwe osachepera 10% osaposa 2 %, kusinthasintha pa bar ndi radius yozungulira (R) 25mm osakwera kuposa 0s. Pafupifupi zinthu zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito tsopano zili ndi mawonekedwe, koposa zomwe zili pamwambapa. Komabe, kusankha zomwe mukupita kapena kukupatseni kuti apange padenga, choyamba ndikofunikira kutengera kutsatira kwa zinthu zodulira izi.
Kukana kutentha ndi chizindikiro chomwe chimatsimikizira ngati denga lanu lisungunuka nthawi yachilimwe padzuwa la nyumbayo. Chifukwa chake, zomwe zili pamwambazi pamwambapa mu 55c ndi yaying'ono, chifukwa zimadziwika kuti ngakhale m'magawo, madenga a ma polymen-polymec nthawi zina amatentha mpaka 70-80C. Kukhazikika kwa zinthuzo kuyenera kulipirira nyengo yoyimilira ndi gawo lalikulu ndipo ndi 40-60% kwa zinthu zambiri zofala.
Chizindikiro chosinthika pamtunda winawake chimadziwika kuti kuthekera kwa kuwonongeka kwa zinthuzo (poperekedwa kokhazikika), kutengera kutentha kozungulira. Zida zabwino za phonden-polymeric ziyenera kupitilirabe kusintha kwa -15-20s. Madzi okondana ndi misa itatha maola 24 kwa zida zapamwamba kwambiri polyglass polyglass ndi 0,5-2.0%, komanso mitundu yambiri yazodzola sizidutsa 0,5%.
Kuyankhula za madenga a phofet-polymeric, zizindikiro zingapo zosangalatsa ziyenera kudziwika. Zipangizo zina zimakhala ndi katundu zomwe zimalepheretsa kumera, izi ndizothandiza kwambiri padenga lathyathyathya, pomwe masamba akhungu ndi mbewu amatha kudziunjikira pakapita nthawi. Monga lamulo, zida zoloweza zimagwirizana kwathunthu ndi zokutira zakale za phula komanso zomatira kwambiri mpaka pansi. Kuphatikiza apo, opanga ambiri amatulutsa zida zonse zopangira masitepe odetsa: zomata, zojambula zamatenda, zokongoletsa, zokongoletsa komanso zochulukirapo.
Katundu wina wofunikira kwambiri wosiyidwa ndi zinthu zake, mwa kuyankhula kwina, moyo wautumiki. Imatha kutsimikizika molingana ndi kusintha kwa zinthuzo. Ngati titachepa kwambiri pazizindikiro za 1c / chaka, ndipo kusintha kwake malinga ndi Lamulo Lofanana ndi Lamuloli, ndizosavuta kuwerengera moyo wa ntchito yautumiki. Pazinthu zina zogulitsa kunja, zimafika zaka 30.
Koma sikofunikira kusokoneza moyo womwe ungathe kuyika utumiki wa denga ndi nthawi yotsimikizira, yoperekedwa ndi wopanga, ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa kampani yomwe imagwira ntchitoyo padenga. Mtundu woyenera wa ntchito ndi firiti yomwe ili yoyimira boma la wopanga kapena kuvomerezedwa.
| Zinthu, T. | Kupanga | Mass 1m2 padenga, kg | Kuyesetsa ku Gap, K | REAL. Kuwonjezera,% | Kutentha- Kukana, C. | Madzi Kupukuta, misa. % | Kusinthasintha r mm / c |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Filimu (tu 400-1-409-5-92) | OjSS "Philikrovlya" | 2.7-3,2 | 500. | 12.8. | 80. | 0,7. | 25 / -15 |
| Phisolyer (TH 5770-002-0510838-94) | OjSS "Philikrovlya" | 4.6-5.6 | 500. | zisanu ndi zinai | 80. | 0.8. | 25 / -15 |
| Bicroelast (THE 577-5411-002848-94) | Pavesiwe wa "padenga" | 3.8. | 500. | 36. | 85. | 0.5. | 25 / -15 |
| Gerbiria (tu 5770-001030333-95) | Aozt "Gerbiert" | 3.70.5 | 750. | zisanu ndi zitatu | 80. | chimodzi | 10 / -10. |
| DNNERAPLEX (tu 5770-531-002818-93) | JSC "Polymerdekrovlya" | 3.8. | 800. | - | 80. | 1.5 | 25 / -15 |
| Isoplastic; Isoplastic (TTI 5774-005-057666480-95) | Aoot "Kirisi-NefTortersintez" | 3.6 | 600; 360. | - | 120. | chimodzi | 25 / -25 |
| Glagscorm (THE 5-5744710-519-92) | Ryazan CRZ | 4.0 | 850. | - | 85. | 1.5 | 25/0. |
| Polymaster (THE 577-537-028718-93) | Up vyborg rz | 3,2 | 750. | - | 85. | 1.5 | 25 / -10. |
| Rubitex (tu 5774-003-00283-95) | JSC "Orgharkovl" | 3.5-5.5 | 500. | - | 80. | - | 25 / -15 |
| Glazol (tu 5774-004-0028993-96) | JSC "Orgharkovl" | 4.0-4.5 | 500. | - | 80. | - | 25 / -5 |
| Elebit (TA 5774-528-002818-94) | Ryazan CRZ | 3,2 | 800. | - | 80. | 1.5 | 25 / -15 |
| Attaclon (tu 5774-545-002848-96) | AOTT "OMSKKKCrovlya" | 3.6 | 500. | - | 100 | 1.0 | 25 / -15 |
| Temoflex (tu 5774-544-002818-96) | CJSS "MinVoda-Bool" | 3.7. | 310-700 | - | 85. | 0.5. | 25 / -15 |
| Gloobobit (THE 21-5744710-515-92) | CJSS "MinVoda-Bool" | 3,1 | 270. | - | 70. | 1.5 | 25/0. |
| Bitulin Guss I 50 | "Ondulin" (France) | 2.05 | 538. | 7.0 | 120. | 0.11 | 10 / -10. |
| Kuvomereza 4s. | "Zophatikiza" (Yugoslavia) | 3.5 | 720. | 7.5 | 100 | 0.54. | - / -10 |
| MK PC ndi mg-pm (tu rb 14738548.002-42-94) | Magazi JsC (Belarus) | 3.6-3.8. | 612. | 60. | 70. | 2.0 | - / -Fifteente |
| Elastofen. | "Kulankhulana" (France) | 3.5 | 350. | 52. | 95. | 0,3. | - / -Twanty |
| 3ió | "Index" (Italy) | 3.3-4.3 | 567-617 | 46. | 100 | 0.13-0.2 | - / -10 |
| Monoflex4ru | "Lanneror" (Belgium) | 4.6 | 563. | 60. | 135. | 1,2 | - / 25 |
| Supra | Leminkinkyainen (Finland) | 4.0 | 900. | 60. | 100 | 0.4. | - / 25 |
| Derbigom-sp. | "Mopanda" " (Belgium) | 4,4. | 560. | 40. | 140. | 0.43 | - / -Twanty |
| Isoplast (tu 5774-005-057666480-95) | SP "Isoflex" (Russia-Ireland) | 3.2-5.7 | 612. | - | 120. | 1.0- / -15 | |
| Bitulinhpi170. | "Ondulin" (France) | 1.9 | 750. | 42. | 120. | 0.46 | - / /6. |
| Screntimplast bramoto. | "Italy Jembrane" | 2,0-25.5 | 890. | 69. | 120. | 0.25-0.3 | - / -Sixente |
Zipangizo zonse zodetsa zomwe zikugwirizana ndi mtsogolo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakumanga nyumba za kanyumba kalasi, koma nthawi zambiri amatha kuwoneka padenga la matauni. Gulu lalikulu kwambiri la zida zodetsa, momwe, pamodzi ndi chikhalidwe, ambiri atsopano awonekera - Zovala za Leaf . Tiyeni tiyambe ndi chizolowezi komanso chodziwika bwino Asbestos-simentart shebrous ma sheet , kapena, momwe amatchedwa nthawi zambiri, sikwa . Mapepala a Slate a mbiri wamba amakhala ndi miyeso ya 1.20.7m, kutalika kwa corrugation ndi 28mm. Tsopano mutha kugulanso kutalika kwapakatikati (kutalika kwa makondo a 40mm) ndi kukwera (51mm), ndi kukula kwa ma sheet ochokera ku 1,750.98m mpaka 2.51.15m. Zosangalatsa "Zatsopano", zojambulidwa ndi polymer phosphate. Zimakupatsani mwayi wopereka nyumba monganso malingaliro ochulukirapo poyerekeza ndi padenga laimvi. Gwirani ntchito ndi slate ndizosavuta kwambiri. Ma sheet amayika masharubu ndipo amaphatikizidwa ndi kudula misomali ndi gasiketi ku zinthu zodetsedwa. Mukakhazikitsa padenga la Slate, tikulimbikitsidwa kupanga chingwe cholumikizira cha Pergamine kapena khwangwala. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti padenga la slat ndiokhawo kwa Russia kokha ku Russia ndi mayiko a CIS, chifukwa ndikuvutika ku Eurol kuti amenye ntchito zomangamanga.
Pepala logawika , yosalala kapena yotchingidwa, ndikutuluka posachedwa Pepala la aluminium - zolimba komanso zofooka kwambiri zofooka. Kukula kwa pepalalo ndi kutalika kwa matchire kumadziwika ndi mitundu ina yambiri. Moyo wa padenga la madengali ndi woposa zaka 50, komabe, nyengo yosavuta ya chilengedwe, mwachitsanzo, kutupa komwe kumatha mphamvu ndikotheka.
Kupanga madenga amuyaya akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito riboni yamkuwa . Imagwiritsa ntchito mkuwa wokhala ndi chiyero cha 99.9% chifukwa chopanga. Tepi makulidwe 0,6 kapena 0,8 mm, ndi kutalika 0.67m. Kukhazikitsa kwa padenga kotero kumafunikira maluso ndi zida zapadera. Pakapita nthawi, padenga la Copper limakonda kuti ngakhale nyumba zomangidwa zaposachedwa "zodziwika bwino".
Tsopano zokhudza zina, zokhala ndi mapepala oyenera Makatoni machesi a slate . Tiyeni tiyambe ndi mapepala a wavy "Ondulin" (France) ndi "Onje) (USA). Amapangidwa ndi makatoni a cellulose omwe ali ndi phula komanso utoto kunja ndi utoto wapadera. Kukula kwa ma sheet oterewa ndi pafupifupi 21m. Ndiosavuta kuposa pepala la chitsulo kapena malo amitundu, yogwira ntchito yosiyanasiyana, koma kulimba kwawo kumakhala kopansidwa kwambiri kuposa momwe sinapitirire kwa zaka 25-30. Monga momwe zimagwiritsira ntchito kalale yachilendo, ndikofunikira kupanga chosanjikiza chopanda madzi. Ntchito yomanga dengalo m'malo okhala ndi nyengo yakuthwa sikulimbikitsidwa.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, msika waku Russia udawonekera ndikupereka kugawa Zingwe zachitsulo. Chifinishi, ku Fwedeni, Germany, kupanga Chingerezi. Awa ndi mapepala a chitsulo cholowerera kapena aluminiyamu, woyimitsidwa mu mawonekedwe a padenga. Kukula kwa mapepala kumatengera kampani yopanga, mwachitsanzo, zitsulo zachitsulo za kampani ya rannila (Finland) ili ndi miyeso pafupifupi 71m. Kupukutira nkhope kumakampani ophatikizika amakampani omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito polyvinyl chloride, polyester, plastisol ndi monga zida za polym. Kuphatikiza apo, onse a moyo ndi mtengo amakula kwambiri ndi kuwonjezeka kwa makulidwe ndi mtundu wa polymer wosanjikiza.
Mwachitsanzo, magulu angapo akumadzulo akhazikitsa ma tales achitsulo ku Russia, ndipo kampaniyo "idachita zambiri" Kuchuluka kwa kupanga Russian ndi 10-20% ya ma tambala onse ogulitsidwa ndi kampani ku Russia.
Matanthwe achitsulo pa ukadaulo wa Sweden ndi Finnish amapanga Bukovo Llp. Ma sheele achitsulo a 10modiffs ali ndi zokutidwa ndi plastisol kapena polyester. Iwo zizigwirizana Lachiwiri 5285-001-35530527-98 ndi Lachiwiri 41-19-007-89.
Kuyambira kumapeto kwa 1990, Stevan-m (Russia, Podolsk) pa zida za ku Italiya "stam" zimawoneka ngati ma tales achikhalidwe. Ma sheet odekha amapangidwa mpaka 12 mita kutalika ndikukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kampaniyo imaperekanso zofunikira zonse zogula za kapangidwe kake.
Cholinga china chomwe chimatulutsa matabwa achitsulo pa zida zogulitsa azungu, kuchokera ku zida zopangidwa ndi makampani achingerezi ndi Sweden - mafakitale a mafakitale ". Ma tanel Tile adatulutsa zosintha 8 komanso magawo 19. Kupanga kumatsimikizidwa ndikufanana ndi Tu 5285-001-4585920-97.
Zovala za Svetopypy Sunthani kuchokera ku Polyvinyl chloride kapena polycarbonate. Ngakhale panali ndalama pafupifupi 10-15, moyo wa padenga, amakopa zatsopano za zothetsera zopangidwa.
Gulu lalikulu Kukhazikika kapena zida zosiyidwa . Wotchuka kwambiri komanso m'modzi mwa wakale kwambiri, kupatula, kupatula, udzu, duncan ndi shingle, woimira gululi, matayala a ceramic.
Madenga ophatikizika Achitidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, amakhala ponseponse ku Europe ndi Asia. Matambo odziwika bwino amakhala olimba, moyo wake wa utumiki umakhala wazaka zoposa 100, kapena kuyeretsa, ndipo madeti awo ndi okongola kwambiri. Koma, kupanga padenga la bulatima, musaiwale kuti kulemera kwa 1m2 kufinya ndi 40-70kg ndi kwa "khadi" padenga losagawidwa silolabwino! Tsopano mutha kukwaniritsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matailosi osiyanasiyana (Dutch, Pazovaya, Munch-Nunn (Monk-Monk), Frankfurt, ndi zina). Amasiyana maonekedwe, kulemera, komanso koposa zonse, malinga ndi njira yokhalira. Kuti tiyike bwino tiilo, timafunikira akatswiri oyenerera kwambiri.
Mtundu wamakono wa matain wakhala konkriti kapena, monga momwe zimatchedwa kangapo, Simenti matanga . Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pokanikiza ukadaulo. Kupereka utoto ku ufa wa file iyi, mwina ndi utoto (mawonekedwe a voliyumu) umayambitsidwa kapena chithandizo cha pamtunda chimachitika. Izi zitha kuthira mafuta ophatikizika, malizani olemba ndalama, kuphatikizapo kusanja kwa mchenga wachikuda wokhala ndi elilsing emulsion pamwamba pa malo osankhidwa bwino ndi zokutira zina. Mitundu ikuluikulu ya matailosi yopangidwa: Roman, Vienna, alpine (lathyathyathya). Mtundu wotchuka - wofiira komanso wofiirira. Matanga amchenga ndi chikhalire, ndipo kwa magawo ena onse ali pafupi ndi ceramic. Tsopano mutha kupeza ma tani onse omaliza ndi aku Russia. Ndi zopepuka pang'ono kuposa za ceramic, komabe, sizolimbikitsidwa kuti zizigwiritsa ntchito pomanga zovala.
Zitsulo Zazitsulo (Osakhala ndi kanthu opanda zitsulo) ndi pepala la zitsulo zolembedwa pafupifupi 10.5 m ndi michere ya mchere mu acrylic barmer pamwamba. Tile opindika ngati ceramic. Makina azitsulo a ku Russia ndikungopanga zitsulo zolunjika pang'ono popanda zokongoletsera zakunja.
Posachedwa, pamadenga a nyumba zakumtunda, mutha kuwona zokutidwa ndi matayala owonda kwambiri a makona am'madzi kapena hexalasal - iyi ndi yomwe imatchedwa Matayala ofewa . Ili ndi maziko a fiberglass wokhala ndi phula lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa iyo, ndipo pamwamba pa- heeral ufa, i. M'malo mwake, ndizofanana ndi zida zamakono zokutira. Kukula kwa matayala oterewa ndi pafupifupi 1m 300-350m ndi makulidwe a 3-4mm. Idakhudza mkuwa wa crate wolimba. Kuthamanga kwa zinthu zoterezi kumachitika ndi misomali komanso chifukwa cha zodzikongoletsera zodzikongoletsera, zomwe zilipo 50-60% ya malo onse. Ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito ma tul amakona, chifukwa amakhala ndi zotsatsa zambiri. Musaiwale kuti pa miyezo ya madenga kuchokera ku ma tambala kuchokera ku ma tambala matayala, ndikofunikira kufunikira osanjikiza madzi, omwe ayenera kupangidwa ndi zokutira zopangira.
Wina, womwe ukugawika kwambiri ku Canada, Australia ndikuyamba kulowa ku Europe, zinthu zomwe sizinagwere mu msika waku Russia, ndi malo opangidwa ndi polima. Kupanga matailosi ophatikizika, omwe amaphatikiza ulusi wamatanda, simenti ndi pulasitiki. Moyo wa zinthu zoterezi umapitirira zaka 50.
Ndipo pomaliza pake za zigawo zomwe zidzafunika pokhazikitsa padenga. Awa amaimitsidwa pamanja, mabatani ndi mabulogu kwa iwo, ma spinels, matope ndi mawondo a skate, kutha kwa mbeu, ma traipe ndi zina zambiri. Mtengo wa zinthu zimatha kukhala 30-40% ya mtengo wa mafoo.
Ndipo ndemanga inanso. Ngati mukupanga denga kuchokera ku zinthu zochokera kunja, ndizovuta kuwerengera ndalama zomwe mukufuna ndi zomwe mukufuna. Makampani angapo omwe amalozera pakukhazikitsa padenga amapereka makompyuta a makompyuta a zida zofunikira zopangira zida zodetsa malinga ndi zojambula zowonetsedwa.
Zipangizo zamakono zamakono zomanga nyumba zanyumba
| Dzinalo la zojambulazo, dziko lopanga | Malaya | Mtundu wa padenga | Kulemera 1M2, kg | Kulimba, zaka | Mtengo 1M. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ruberdaid (Russia) | Katoni, phula, min. pawuda | Wokoloka | 3. | 5-7 | 2.5-5 ma ruble. |
| Mndandanda wa Asbestos / Slate / (Russia) | Simenti ya Portland + Abest | Chofunda | 9.8. | Mpaka 50 | kuchokera ku 18 ma ruble. |
| Wathyathyathya, wavy, wokongola " | kuchokera pa ma ruble 40. | ||||
| Gofristist (Russia) | Chitsulo | Chofunda | 5.0 | > 50. | Kuchokera 25 ma ruble. |
| Gofristist (Russia) | Chiwaya | Chofunda | 2.5 | > 50. | kuyambira ma ruble 20. |
| Tepi yamkuwa 0.6mm (Poland) 0,8 mm | Mkuwa, 99.9% | Chofunda | 5,4. | > 100. | kuchokera $ 25. |
| 7,2 | |||||
| Makanema achitsulo, Rannila (Finland ndi Russia-Finland) | Chitsulo chophimba kuchokera ku polyester, poulurethane, plastol | Chofunda | 4.5 | 30-50 | $ 10-20. |
| Ma tani a nthochi (Sweden) | Otink. Chitsulo ndi polyester yokutidwa, plastisol, terra centgel | Chofunda | 4.5 | 30-50 | $ 7-18. |
| Zitsulo za Zitsulo "Stanov" (Russia) | Chitsulo cholumikizidwa ndi polyester, plastisol | Chofunda | zisanu | 30-50 | $ 12-14. |
| Mapepala olandila (Finland) | Chitsulo chophimba kuchokera ku polyester, chaukulu kapena pvc | Chofunda | zisanu | 30-50 | $ 12,5-15 |
| Ondulin (France) | Makatoni okhala ndi humen + apadera | Chofunda | 3,1 | 25-30 | Kuchokera $ 6. |
| Ondukler (France) | PVC (Svetopropropsy) | Chofunda | 1,4. | 10-15 | Kuchokera pa $ 15. |
| Osdura (USA) | Cellulose makatoni okhala ndi humen + apadera | Chofunda | 3,3. | 15-20. | Kuchokera $ 6. |
| Ceramic mataile | Dongo | Konza | 40-70 | 100 | Kuchokera $ 12. |
| Tile (Finland) simenti | Simenti, mchenga wa quartz, utoto | Konza | Mpaka 50 | ||
| Zobisika | 38-43 | kuchokera $ 10. | |||
| ngalande | 40-45 | kuchokera pa $ 15. | |||
| Matayala a konkriti (Russia) | Simenti, mchenga wa quartz, utoto | Konza | Mpaka 50 | mpaka 50 | Kuyambira 90 ruble. |
| Matayala a Dele Ikopal (Finland) | Broberglass Base, phula, min. pawuda | Konza | 9.8. | mpaka 30. | $ 7.5-9,2 |
| Bardolin (France) | Broberglass Base, phula, min. pawuda | Konza | 10 | mpaka 30. | kuchokera pa $ 15. |
| Ondulin US schingels (France) | Broberglass Base, phula, min. pawuda | Konza | 9.8. | mpaka 30. | kuchokera $ 10. |
| Katepal (Finland) Matayala ofewa | Broberglass Base, phula, min. pawuda | Konza | zisanu ndi zitatu | mpaka 30. | kuchokera pa $ 7.7 |
| Ordil (France) Zitsulo Zazitsulo | Chitsulo cholimbana ndi min. Chimalo mu acrylic banger | Konza | 8.75 | mpaka 40. | kuchokera $ 20. |
| Ma taal tile (Russia) | Chitsulo | Konza | 5.5 | mpaka 40. | kuchokera pa ma ruble 40. |