Mapaipi a Polymer: Scape, kutentha, mitundu ya polypropyyylene, zinthu zotchuka.
Zida zophatikizira ndi zida zoweta 
Zomwe munthu amamva pamaso pa thanki yamadzi, pansi ndi makoma zimaphimbidwa ndi ntchofu zokayikitsa, kukula kwa dzimbiri zosadziwika. Komanso, poyang'ana dontho la madzi mu maikulosikopu ndikupezako kuti palibe chifukwa cha m'mimba mwa anthu a Flora ndi Fauna. Ingoganizirani, mumapereka madzi kuti amwe, pre-cade to diadess: kuwonjezera chlorine madzi
Zonsezi pamwambapa zimangotengera chitoliro chachitsulo kapena chitoliro cha mkuwa, chomwe sichinali m'badwo umodzi wa mkuwa womwe sunali ndi uku akupitabe madzi, nthawi zambiri ngakhale osawotcha. Izi zikuchitika, madotolo ndi ogwira ntchito pachiwopsezo a ntchito zokwanira.
Ndiye, wopanda chiyembekezo? Khazikani mtima pansi, chilichonse sichoncho. Kumayambiriro, anakwana zaka khumi ku msika waku Russia kwa zida zopendekera komanso zopopera adalowetsedwa ndi katundu ndi zida zosaneneka. Omangamanga amapatsa matekinoloje atsopano a miyala kuchokera ku polyethylene, fiberglass, Polyvinyl, polyvinyl chloride, kuchokera ku chitsulo. Viyul 1996. The Cololeum of the Rulsium of Cendung of Russian Federation adaganiza zoti "akufufuzidwa gawo logwiritsa ntchito mapaipi a Polymeric mu polymeric zida. Pakadali pano, malamulo ambiri akugwira ntchito ku Russia, kutumiza kugwiritsa ntchito polima mapaipi m'madzi m'madzi. .
Kukula kwa mapaipi, kulumikizidwa ndi zowoneka bwino kuchokera ku zida za polymeric ndizochulukirapo. Tikuyang'ana kwambiri pamadzi ozizira komanso otentha, njira yabwino kwambiri yomwe, yothetsera mavuto ambiri, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mapaipi, polyvinyl, polyvinyl chloride, zida zina za polymeric. Chaka choyambirira padziko lonse lapansi, Polypropylene amasangalala ndi mtima woyenera.
Ku Russia, mafakitale ambiri akunja ndi omwe amaperekedwa ku Russia ku Russia ku Russia ku Russia pantchito yopanga ndi kukhazikitsa kwa makina opaleshoni kuchokera ku ma polima. Imayesetsa kulimbikitsa kampani yaku Germany, yomwe mapaipi awo ochokera kubiriwira amapezeka ku Europe komanso m'mapaipi ofanana otchedwa ekoplast amapereka chikondwerero cha anthu. Ndipo kukhazikitsa ndi kuwotcherera zida zopangira Turkey dinayn teknik, yomwe mapaipi a polypleylene aina imvi ku Russia ", onse ofunikira pomanga mapaipi a polypropherylene ali okonzeka Kuti mupereke magulu awiri a Moscow: "Tokk- kugwedezeka" ndi "Mont".
Komabe, utsogoleriwo pantchito yokhazikitsa mapaipi amadzi a xxivek kuchokera ku mapaipi a Polypropyyler "(PRPACC) ku Russia amasungidwa ndi ma ganowpolymer ndi gazazuni. Njira Zoperekera Magulu Ochokera ku Polypropylene, ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira yophunzitsira - yogwira ntchito molingana ndi anthu oyenerera komanso kulimbikitsa ukadaulo wa "pomanga mapaipi" m'zaka za zana lachitumwi.
Polypropylene ndi dzina limodzi la gulu lonse la olamulira, ena omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga. Zolemba za mapaipi ndi kulumikizana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mitundu yotsatirayi ya polypropylene:
- Lembani 1 (ma pp-1) Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pamadzi ozizira, monga mahenje ndi ukadaulo.
- Lembani 3 (ma pp-3) kapena "Cuolmer mwachisawawa", dzina la malonda pa PRPPP. Mapaipi ochokera kumayiko amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi madzi ozizira komanso otentha madzi ndi kutentha kosalekeza kuposa 70s.
- Hussiann 5216/34 Polypropylene, opangidwa ndi soechst, wonenedwa ngati Ombo , mapaipi omwe ali ndi kutentha kwa nthawi yayitali mpaka 95c ndipo akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito potenthetsa.
Ku Russia, Polypropylene PP-3 (PRPRC) idagawidwa kwakukulu. Amadziwika ndi kukhazikika kwambiri kwa katundu, makamaka kukana kusokoneza ndikusokoneza mapangidwe okwera pamatenthedwe okwera. Izi sizisintha madzi ndi mankhwala. Mkati mwa PPPRC imachotsa chitukuko cha mabakiteriya ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Polypropylene Pipilines akwaniritsa zofunikira kwambiri zachilengedwe.
Polypropylene chubu, mosiyana ndi zitsulo, samadziunjikira mafayilo a laimu, osayipitsidwa motsogozedwa ndi chilengedwe, sayenera kuwononga zinthu zakunja, sizikudziwika bwino, ndipo sizitha, zolimbana ndi madzi osiyanasiyana omwe amamwa. Kuzizira kwamadzi, PRPC Polypropylene Paipelines sanawonongeke. Zinthu zopanda mafoni, ndipo sizitanthauza kuchita zowononga mafunde amphepete mwamphamvu.
Zinyalala pokhazikitsa kapena kuwotzera mapaipi a polypropylene sakhala ayi. Kuthamanga kwa ntchito izi poyerekeza ndi ziphuphu zachitsulo ndizakudya ziwirizi. Koma phindu lalikulu la zipamba ngati ili lotsika: ali otsika mtengo 30% kuposa chitsulo cholosera cha mainchesi omwewo. IETO popanda kutenga ndalama zolipirira!
Moyo Wotsimikizika wa PRPR Mapaipi ozizira pamadzi ozizira amakhala osachepera 50 zaka, m'madzi otentha (pamtunda wopanda ma 70s) - zaka 25.
Aliyense wa ife amadziwa zomwe kuyika kuyika kapena kulowetsedwa kwa dongosolo la bomba kuchokera pa mapaipi achitsulo. Awa ndi omwe ali ndi masilinda olemera komanso osatetezeka a makoma ndi zokutira, pomwe chitoliro champhamvu chotupa chimayambika, kalikonse komanso soot mukamataya zolakwika. Mwachitsanzo, kuyika chitoliro chamadzi chatsopano kuchokera pachipaso choloseka chachitsulo m'mabotolo omangidwa ndi nyumba zinayi ndi ochita malonda anayi atatenga sabata limodzi. Sabata ina inapita kuti ikonze makoma osweka ndi zokulirapo.
Ndipo tsopano tangolingalirani chithunzi chotere. Tsiku la Basiba lanyumba lomwe limapangidwa ndi nyumba limayendetsedwa "zhigoli" ndi stack yolimba ya mapaipi oyera okhala ndi chipale chofewa. Kuyika pulasitiki ndi zigawo zolumikizira, kutseka zotsekera, mwachangu komanso vuto ndi chida zimachotsedwa pamtengo. Anyamata awiri - okhazikitsa makina owoneka bwino opangira zovala zowoneka bwino amapanga katundu wosavomerezeka m'chipindacho. Umeso wapadera umadulidwa mzidutswa za kutalika. Pambuyo theka la ola, malinga ndi polojekitiyi, ayamba kuyamba pamalo opezeka mtsogolo m'mabowo omwe amagwira ntchito kumakoma.
Patatha ola limodzi, chilichonse chimakonzeka kulumikizana ndi kutentha kwa mafuta (kuwotzera ndi fusike) mapaipi. Tesly tees kuchokera pachikuto chachikulu chapansi pamunsi zikaunti zokuchotsa zimbudzi, bafa, kupita kukhitchini, kwa boiler, mu gareler. Pambuyo pa kupumula kwa maola theka, ogwira ntchito amachotsa zida zapadera zamagetsi kuchokera pamenepo, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi woyatsa mbali ya polypropylene ya polypropylene yotentha ya 260C. Mitu iwiri yowuma ndi manja ndi ma dorms ndi matalala pa kukula kwa ziwalo zowoneka bwino zimakopeka ndi chipangizo chotentha.
Malo olumikizidwa ndi ku tampon, wothira mowa. Kenako, chitolirocho chimayikidwa m'mwezi, ndipo tee limalumikizidwa ndi mutu wowotcha, pomwe amawotcha kwa masekondi angapo (nthawi ya nthawi zimatengera m'mimba mwazinthu ndi ma epes ochokera 5 Kwa masekondi 40), pambuyo pake chitolirocho chimayikidwa mu tee mpaka kuyatsidwa ndi ma axis isanakwane. Kulumikizana kwa mafuta kumatha theka la mphindi (pa chitoliro chopyapyala, nthawi ya nthawi ikadali yayifupi), chifukwa chake, zinthuzo zimapangidwa pamlingo wa monolithic imodzi. Ntchito zomwezi zimachitika kuti mulumikizane ndi gawo lina lililonse komanso pofalitsa chitoliro chotsatira.
Kuwala kumatenga pafupifupi maola awiri. Magetsi omanga amafunikira nthawi yambiri. Kulowera kwa ntchito kumafunikira kuti mulumikizane ndi polypropylene riser pa chitoliro chachitsulo cha madzi akuluakulu. Kuti muchite izi, kusamalira chitoliro chachitsulo ndipo kulumikizana kwa chitoliro kumadulidwa pogwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chophatikizira (chitsulo cha polypropyylene), valavu ina ya mpira kapena zowongolera zimayikidwa chimodzimodzi.
Pakutha kwa tsiku logwira ntchito, madzi amatumikiridwa m'mphepete. Mwini wakeyo ndi wowongolera kudutsa nyumba: osati kutayikira kamodzi! Malinga ndi mgwirizano, ntchitoyi imawonedwa kuti ipangidwe. Kulankhulana kwa chaka, kampani yakhala ikugwirizana ndi chithandizo chaulere cha dongosolo lomwe limapangidwa ndi akatswiri awo.
Potchuka kwambiri kuseri kwa mapaipi a Polypropylene, polyvinyl (pvc) ndi chlorinated Polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) imatsatiridwa. Upainiyayo m'munda wa kupangira madzi amadzi ndi kutentha kwa zinthuzi ndi nkhawa ya American nibco, omwe malonda ake amagwiritsanso ntchito pomanga nyumba kwa Russia. Makina otchedwa maluwa ndi oyenda oyenda bwino amayesedwa bwino ku US kwa zaka 30. Malinga ndi zisonyezo zake za PVC ndi CPVC. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofanana ndi PRPC-3 ndi Horsotalen 5216/34 Polypropylene (PPH). Mapaipi a PVC PVC amasiyana ndi zinthu zina zakuthambo: Kutentha koyandikitsidwa kwa chlorinyl chlorinyl kuposa 433c, komwe kumalola kugwiritsa ntchito mapaipi kuchokera ku matepi othawa moto. Makina otenthetsera a Polyvide a Polyvide amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito 35% ya sosol yankho. Pomaliza, amalimbana ndi zovuta zamakina kuposa polypropylene. Mtengo wa mapaipi a Polyvinyl wapansi ndi wotsika kuposa chitsulo chomenyedwa.
Mapaipi achikuda akuyamba mpikisano waukulu wa ziphuphu zazikulu. Amapirira kwambiri (mpaka 100 mikhalidwe) kupanikizika, osagwirizana ndi kutentha ndi madzi otentha. Amatha kudzipereka yekha, m'mikhalidwe inayo ikhoza kutsekedwa ku konkriti. Mtengo wa mapaipi wa fiberglass ali pamwamba pa zitsulo, koma moyo wawo wa kutumikira ndi nthawi 3-5.
Posachedwa, mapaipi a polyethylene (owoloka polyethylene) omwe amapangidwa ndi kudera nkhawa kwa Sweden Whidebo ndi kampani yaku Germany Rehai adawonekera pamsika waku Russia. Amadziwika ndi kusinthasintha (mapaipi akhoza kukhala okhazikika pachilichonse), kukana chisanu, kukana ku Antiction, komwe nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito potenthetsa m'malo mwa madzi. Kutentha kwa ntchito ya Sweden- mpaka95s (modekha mpaka 110 ° C), kukakamizidwa kwa ntchito kuli mpaka 10mmmspapres (mpaka k15AtMospress). Kukhazikitsa kumachitika ndi chida chamanja popanda gluing, kuwotcherera ndi kugulitsira, komwe kumakhala kovuta m'munda. Kukhazikika kwa polyethylene kumakhala ndi Memory: Kukhazikitsa kwa chitoliro cha "Kudziwunika" Pakuwunika kuchokera ku mkuwa, ndikupanga gawo, mphamvu zomwe, ndizokwera kuposa chipolopolo. Mtengo wa mapaipi ochokera ku polyethylene ndiwokwera kuposa chitsulo chambiri, koma moyo wa ntchito mu 3 ndi wamkulu.
Raisin kubzala Rehaumy amagwiritsa ntchito bokosi la ergonic la kuphatikiza ma netrict ndi ma network. Pankhaniyi, bokosi lamagetsi la bokosilo limakhalabe chiberekero, kutentha mkati mwake sikupitilira 30s.
M'madzi ozizira komanso otentha komanso matentheki, mapaipi opangidwa ndi polybuutene ndi fluoride fluoride yopangidwa ndi kampani ya ku Switzer Coft GeorIr Alors itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi kukwera (mpaka135c) kutentha ndi kukana kwa mankhwala, zomwe zimakonzedweratu kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yonse ya mapaisitere amitundu yonse, komanso mumitundu yotentha yochulukitsa. Mapaipi oterewa, komabe, ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri kuposa onse pamwambapa. Njira ya gulu lawo imafunikira maphunziro apadera.
Ndi kutuluka kwa matekinoloji yatsopano, chikhalidwe cha kuwonongeka, chomwe chinagwirizananso ndi nthawi ya kuzindikira kwa nzika zomwe zimakhala ndi ndalama zoledzera. Masiku ano, adasinthidwa ndi anthu anzeru, mwachangu komanso amagwira ntchito mofulumira pakampaniyo.
Okonza zikomo kwambiri malo ophunzitsira a NGOYPOLIMER "V.S. Mareyko ndi akatswiri a Domen Llp pofunsira ndikugwiritsa ntchito ntchito yokonza nkhaniyo ndikukonzekera.