Ma Hereeter a Nyimbo Zamafoni

Kulowerera kwa Misika ya Mndandanda Wamtunda: Magetsi, Magetsi, Operekera; Kuwongolera mwachindunji ndi mwachindunji; Kwa malo ogona kunyumba.

Ma Hereeter a Nyimbo Zamafoni

Zonena, sitikhala ndi mwayi ndi nyengo. Kwa pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi pachaka, madera ambiri aku Russia adadziunjikira kuzizira kwa North Pole. Chifukwa chake, zovuta zotenthedwa. Ndi nyumba ndi maofesi okhala ndi zogona ndizomveka kapena zochepa. Koma momwe mungathanirane ndi pansi, magaleta, malo obiriwira, masitepe, malo owerengera osiyanasiyana ndi malo omwe zida zimasinthidwa ndikusinthidwa? Kupatula apo, kufunika kotentha mwachangu komanso moyenera kumachitika nthawi ndi nthawi. Vutoli litha kuthetsedwa.

Kukhazikitsa boma labwinobwino m'chipinda chosakhazikika, ma heater a ndege amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino. Zojambula, zimachitika ngati monoblock yomwe ili ndi gwero la kutentha, kachitidwe kaotchi ndipo, monga lamulo, zimakupangitsani kuti apange mpweya wabwino ndikupereka kuchokera kuchipinda (kapena, mwachitsanzo, pa khoma, denga, matabwa, ndi zina). Malinga ndi mphamvu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mphamvu zonyamula mphamvu, zida zotenthetsera izi zitha kugawidwa m'magulu asanu ndi magulu ena atatu malinga ndi njira yotentha yoyatsira moto, ndipo pamaziko a kusuntha.

Mitundu ya mpweya imagwira ntchito pa mafuta okhazikika (dizilo kapena palafine kapena mafuta owotchera mafuta), mafuta, magetsi ndi madzi otentha otenthetsera kapena kutentha.

Makina okhazikika a mpweya a mpweya amaphatikizapo ma balerian kapena Cinel ndi nduna yofananira. Ali omasuka kwambiri, azachuma komanso otsika mtengo. Nthawi yoyaka pa bootwood imodzi imachokera kwa maola 8 mpaka 15. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kumafunikira kutchinga kwapansi, zokambirana, malo obiriwira, ndi malo obiriwira, pomwe otenthetsa amatha kuyikidwa kale pamalo ochulukirapo, ndipo pokhapokha ngati pakufunika.

Pa zomangamanga zapadera, machitidwe omwe ali pafoni kwenikweni ndipo adapangidwa kuti mutenthe popanda ntchito iliyonse ndi chidwi chachikulu. Chifukwa chake, tidzasungiranso zambiri zomwe tikambirana za mafoni okha. Zambiri za ena mwa izo zikuwonetsedwa m'magome. Mitundu yonse yazomwe imapezeka pamsika, yokulirapo komanso mkati mwa nkhaniyo siyingalembedwe.

Tiyeni tiyambitse ndemanga kuchokera kumafuta amafuta. Awa mwina ndi gulu lalikulu kwambiri lazosangalatsa mafakitale, omwe makamaka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa "kulimbikitsidwa" kwawo komanso kupezeka kwa mafuta aliwonse. Msika waku Russia, sayimiriridwa osati ndi kukhazikitsidwa kokha, komanso mosiyana ndi PKK Magulu: kukhazikitsa kwa owonera mwachindunji komanso osalunjika.

Malawi

Kugwiritsa ntchito molunjika mpweya oyendetsa ndege kumagwiritsidwa ntchito potenthetsa malo osakhala malo ndiophweka kwambiri ndipo, mwina paliponse pakati pa oyang'anira mafuta. Chinthu chawo chosiyanitsa ndichakuti chipinda chawo cha jetres cha jet ya ndege yothira sichimalekanitsidwa ndi kuyenda kwa mpweya, chifukwa chake zinthu zophatikizira zimagwera m'chipindacho. Amagwira ntchito motere. Pampu ya mpweya imaperekedwa pamphuno, kuyamwa mafuta kuchokera pa thankiyo, imakusungani. Zosakaniza zamafuta ndi mpweya zimalowetsedwa mu chipinda cha oyaka, pomwe chimakhazikitsidwa ndi kandulo. Chojambula cha mpweya chimadyetsedwa mozungulira chipindacho komanso pang'ono. Kutentha, kumatuluka mu chipangizocho ndikulowa m'chipindacho. Kukhazikitsa, owotcha apadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito, akugwiranso ntchito mafuta osatha kununkhiza komanso kupangidwa kwa adot. Kutengera ndi mtunduwo, makonda am'madzi otenthetsera amatha kukhala ndi zolemba kapena kuyika kokha komwe kumawongolera kupezeka kwa lawi ndi chithunzi, ndi thermostat kuti muwonetsetse kuti boma likhale lotani. Zambiri mwa zida izi zimakhala ndi mawilo oyenda. Dongosolo la mafuta limatha kulumikizidwa ndi chidebe chachikulu chophatikizika mukamagwiritsa ntchito mapaipi awiri (magetsi ndi kukhetsa). Mtengo wa kukhazikitsa umatengera mphamvu yamatenthedwe ndi mizu ya $ 590 (mbuye b35ceb) mpaka $ 2550) ndi mphamvu yofananira ndi 1,1 l / (pcw).

Zolemba za zidazi zimalamulira malamulowo. Choyamba, fanizo limapereka mpweya wocheperako, apo ayi mikhalidwe yopanga mafuta abwino amasokonezeka. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kutenthetsa mpweya pabwino kutentha mpaka kutentha kwakukulu: kuyambira180 mpaka 350c. Kukhazikitsa kwamphamvu kwambiri, kukwera kutentha ndi kuwopsa kwa moto, makamaka ngati otenthetsa ali ndi thermostat yomwe imangokhalira kudabwitsanso wogwiritsa ntchito. Zosintha ngati izi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo omwe mulibe fumbi lamphamvu, ndipo zida zoyaka sizingayikidwe pafupi ndi 2,5m kuchokera ku malo ogulitsira ndege. Kachiwiri, chifukwa cha kuphatikiza mpweya wabwino wa chipindacho chiyenera kutsimikiziridwa pamlingo wa 980cm2 kudera la mpweya wabwino pa 10kW mphamvu yotentha. Nthawi yomweyo, pali zovuta ndi fumbi ndi zolembera zomwe zikuyenera kuyang'aniridwa, kutengera malo akomweko. Mitundu iyi ya mpweya siyilimbikitsidwa kuyikidwa m'malo okhala ndi komwe anthu ali kwa nthawi yayitali.

A Heaters a ndege akugwira ntchito ku Kerosene ndi Mafuta a Dizilo *

Cholimba	Mtundu	Kuwona kutentha	Mphamvu ya mafuta, kw	Kuyenda kwa mpweya, m3 / h	Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mafuta, L / H	Voliyumu ya tank, l	Misa, kg.	Mphamvu yamagetsi imatha, w	Kuchuluka kwa mitundu yomwe idaperekedwa pamsika
Wotsiriza, Germany	Ehg b 70.	Molunjika	makumi awiri	400.	1,85.	khumi ndizisanu ndi zinai	17.	90.	6.
EHG BV 70.	Osasintha	68.	3000.	6.8.	105.	124.	1000.
Konfoma, Holland	T 16.	Molunjika	18.6	600.	1,8.	fifitini	24.	220.	khumi ndi mphabu zinayi
ITA 65.	Osasintha	65.	2400.	7.5	120.	135.	1150.
Sial, Italy	Gryp 20.	Molunjika	23.	400.	1.9	21.	26.	Osati	22.
Magnum 100hc.	Osasintha	103.	7600.	8,7	Osati	249.	1880.
Master, USA	B35 CEB.	Molunjika	10	280.	1.0	khumi chimodzi	khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi	makumi awiri	13
BV 440e.	Osasintha	109.	8500.	10.7	Osati	175.	1500.
Kampani ya mafakitale aku Russia "Bire Car", Russia	Mkuntho wa B10K.	Molunjika	10	280.	1.0	khumi chimodzi	khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi	makumi awiri	43.
Bedi m100.	Osasintha	99.	5400.	8,4.	Osati	190.	138.

* Mwachitsanzo, deta imapatsidwa mitundu iwiri yokha.

Kutentha mwachindunji

Zabwino kwambiri komanso zovuta ndi mbewu zotenthetsera mpweya, kugwira ntchito yamafuta amadzimadzi ndi palafini, omwe mu chipinda choyaka amaperekedwa ndi pampu yamafuta yokakamizidwa. Kusiyana kwawo kwakukulu ndikuti chipinda choyaka chimatsekedwa, kupatulidwa ndi makhoma kuchokera kumayendedwe a mpweya ndipo ali ndi chitoliro cha hermeric kuti chitulutse zinthu zoyaka. Nawonso, imalumikizidwa ndi penti yosinthika ya mainchesi akuluakulu okhala ndi chimner kapena njira yochepetsera mpweya wabwino. Pakadali pano, hoseyo ndi yakunja, kupitirira m'chipindacho. Chifukwa chake, mpweya wotentha umatuluka mwa chotenthetsa, kutentha kwamphamvu kwambiri kuposa kuthira molunjika (kuyambira pa110c), ndipo kutuluka kwake ndi kopitilira katatu.

Poizoni monoxisi ndi yosavuta kusokoneza ndi fuluwenza, ali ndi zizindikilo zofananira: mutu, chizungulire, nseru. Akakuwona pamene mukugwira ntchito, ndiye kuti muyenera kufikira mpweya wabwino mwachangu, kenako muyamwitse chipindacho ndikuyang'ana ntchito ya otenthetsera.

Kukhazikitsa Kutentha Kwambiri, monga lamulo, zimakhala ndi zifukwa zovomerezeka, zida zowongolera komanso kusintha kwa laya lamoto kuti mukwaniritse mafuta okwanira, okhala ndi thermostat. Cholinga ichi, ambiri a iwo ali ndi zida zopangira mafuta. Chimodzi mwazabwino za dongosolo lotere, thupi lakunja la chipangizocho sichinatenthedwe. Palibe chodabwitsa, ndizodula kwambiri kuposa kukhazikitsa mwachindunji. Mtengo wotengera mphamvu zamafuta amachokera ku $ 1800 mpaka $ 4500-5000. Izi zodyerazi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'zipinda momwe anthu amagwirira ntchito, kupatula zipinda zogona.

Pafupi ndi gululi ndi makonzedwe oyandikana nawo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mafuta owotchera ngati mafuta. Dongosolo losinthasintha limasiyanitsidwa pakugwira ntchito pa dizilo ndi palafini, yomwe imalumikizidwa ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa mafuta, komanso kusintha kwamphamvu kwa ntchito ndi mphamvu yamafuta. Ndikufuna kudziwa mtengo wamafuta otere komanso, moyenerera, kuchepetsa mphamvu 1kW kutentha. Mtengo wa ophatikizidwa ndi $ 1500-5000.

Mothandizidwa ndi bizinesi yam'manja yam'manja, ndizotheka kupanga zinthu zabwino nthawi yozizira kwa nyama zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi mpweya wabwino - mpweya wofunikira, womwe umaponderezedwa ndi mafani kudzera mu mafayilo. Mayeeli kuti andilipirire mpweya wowotchedwa, ndikokwanira kuyimitsa malowo, m'njira zambiri zopanga zimatchera khutu, vutoli limakhala lovuta kwambiri. Chifukwa chake kusakanikirana kosakanikirana kwa mpweya wotentha komanso wozizira pali kutentha komanso nthawi yomweyo kukhetsa chipindacho. Mwachilengedwe, pamene unit ikugwira ntchito, zoyipa zoyipa, kukonzekera ndi phokoso kuchokera pa fan (mpaka 45-55 DB). Ndikoyenera kudziwa apa kuti zowonera ndi centrifugal mtundu wotsika phokoso. Kufuna kuyiwala za malamulo ogwirira ntchito omwe amamupatsa mphamvu kugwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa mtundu woperekedwa, kutsatira zosungidwa, kutsuka mafayilo amafuta munthawi yake.

Pafupifupi mafupa onse a ndege akugwira ntchito pamafuta amadzimadzi amafuna mphamvu ya magetsi 220V. Ndikofunikira pakugwira ntchito kwa mafani a mpweya, mapampu mafuta kapena compressors, zowoneka zokha, zowongolera. Kutengera kutentha komwe kumatha, mphamvu yamagetsi yokhazikitsa sikokulira, kuyambira 20 mpaka 2 kw. Kuyambiranso otenthetsa pambuyo pochotsa mphamvu amatha kuchitika zokha (zitsanzo zotsika mtengo) ndi pamanja. Chovuta cha kugwirira ntchito kosalala kwa gawo lililonse kumatha kusinthidwa bwino ndi chomera chaching'ono chamagetsi.

Kutentha mwachindunji kumathandizira ndege yogwirira ntchito mafuta

Cholimba	Mtundu	Kuwona kutentha	Mphamvu ya mafuta, kw	Kuyenda kwa mpweya, m3 / h	Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mafuta, L / H	Voliyumu ya tank, l	Misa, kg.	Magetsi Ogwiritsa Ntchito Magetsi, W
Konfoma, Holland	Pa 305.	Osasintha	19-29.	1000.	2.0-3.0	fifite	74.	40.
Pa 307.	Komanso	19-29.	1000.	2.0-3.0	fifite	83.	40.
400.	«	24-41	3000.	2.5-4.3	42.	130.	45.
500.	«	36-59	3000.	3.8-6,2	55.	175.	90.

Mafuta a mpweya

Poyerekeza ndi mpweya wa mpweya wamadzimadzi, heateri ya mpweya wogwira ntchito pa mpweya ndi wotsika mtengo komanso wachuma. Ambiri aiwo amapangidwira propeni yowoneka bwino, ngakhale kuti pali zitsanzo zomwe oyaka amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya wachilengedwe. Kwa owombera mpweya, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta amwano kumadziwika ndi mafuta otayira zinyalala komanso othandiza kwambiri magetsi. Makina onse okhala ndi zida zomwe zimalola kuti zitheke kutentha, zidakonzedwa ndi kutentha komanso kutentha chifukwa chowonongeka kwa payipi ya gasi. Kutengera ndi mtundu, atha kukhala ndi ziwonetsero za pizzoelelec, komwe kuwongolera koyaka kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito Thermocouple (njira yothetsera makina), kapena kuwongolera kokha ndi kuwongolera kwa lawi. Kuyamwa zokha kumatha kukhala ndi thermostat.

Kuthira mpweya wamagetsi kumaperekanso mpweya wabwino ndipo utha kugwiritsidwa ntchito potenthetsa malo okhala ndi maubwino a mpweya wa mpweya, kuchokera pa $ 300), ndipo zimapezeka kuti ndi zamafuta ochepa, mtengo wotsika mtengo Mafuta, mphamvu zosiyanasiyana zamafuta komanso kuthekera kosintha kwake, kulemera kochepa komanso kukhazikika, ndikofunikira kuti pafupifupi pafupifupi kuwerenga. Ngakhale, komanso mafuta amadzimadzi, mbewu za gasi zimafunikira magetsi, koma kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi kumasiyananso ndi ma 5000w. Chifukwa chiyani samapeza kugawa kosangalatsa, ngakhale ali ndi zabwino zoterezi? Zifukwa zake, malinga ndi akatswiri, khalani ndi gulu. Choyamba, sikuti paliponse pali mpweya wankhuni, kachiwiri, pamakhala zovuta kwambiri pakukamba ndi kusungirako. Agenial ndiye kufunika koyang'ana chitetezo nthawi zambiri mabatani a mpweya m'matumbo a boma la Gosgortshnadzor ndikugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yoyeserera. Monga zida zonse zotenthetsera mwachindunji, zotenthetsera zamagesi sizigwira ntchito m'malo okhala.

Chipinda chokhala ndi voliyumu ya 30-50 m3 (ndi dera la 18 m2 ndi chotenthetsera 18,75 ndi chotenthetsera chokwanira 3kW, voliyumu ya 100-140- 50 m2) amafunikira kale chotenthetsera 6kW.

Kuyenda kwa mpweya kumawonjezeka ndi kuchuluka kwa mavoliyumu. Chifukwa chake, kuti kutentha kwa chipindacho kunachitikanso motero, ndikofunikira kusakanikirana kozizira ndi mpweya. Chifukwa chake, kudutsa mpweya kumadutsa pa ola limodzi kudzera mu chotenthetsera mpweya uyenera kukhala 3.5-4.5 mlengalenga.

Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe ukudutsa kudzera pa kukhazikitsa kumapangidwa kuti uwonetsetse kutentha pochotsa zinthu zotenthetsera zinthu kuti apewe kwambiri.

Chifukwa chake, kupeza mfuti yotentha, chotenthetsera madzi kapena mpweya, onetsetsani kuti mukuwongolera mphamvu, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mpweya mumiyala yaying'ono yomwe ingayambitse fumbi lomwe lingapangitse kuti kunyamula thanzi lanu. Ndi ndalama.

Mpweya wowongoka mpweya *

Cholimba	Mtundu	Mphamvu ya mafuta, kw	Kuyenda kwa mpweya, m3 / h	Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mafuta, L / H	Misa, kg.	Magetsi Ogwiritsa Ntchito Magetsi, W	Kuchuluka kwa mitundu yomwe idaperekedwa pamsika
Konfoma, Holland	G15	8.5-15.5	600.	0.7-1.2	12	300.	12
Ga110E.	1340.	4000.	3.9-9.3	55.	2200.
Master, USA	Blp14m.	8-14	350.	0.6-1.09	13	55.	zisanu ndi zinai
DLP 300a.	888.	1750.	3,15-6.5	khumi ndizisanu ndi zinai	200.
Sial, Italy	Mwana 10.	10	**	0.78.	zisanu	**	7.
Argos 100.	118-100	**	4.5-7	28.	**
Kampani ya Russian Russical Kampani "Bire",	Prometheus P10	10	260.	0.8.	zisanu	35.	10
Prometheus P120.	77-120	4350.	6-10.	53.	670.

* Mwachitsanzo, deta imapatsidwa mitundu iwiri yokha.

** Palibe deta.

Magetsi a mpweya

Madzi a Nyimbo Zamadzi Zosokoneza Madzi PKK "Bik" Zipangizozi sizifunikira mawonekedwe apadera. Dera logwiritsa ntchito kwawo ndi lalikulu. Ali ndi zabwino zambiri pazomwe zafotokozedwa pamwambapa: perekani mpweya wowuma, musayake zipinda zopanda mpweya ndipo sizingagwire moto wokhazikika, sizingadetse malo okhala. Tisanafotokoze mwatsatanetsatane, zikuyenera kuwonetsedwa kuti mogwirizana ndi mafupa oyendetsa ndege a ndege amagwiritsa ntchito mayina awiri - Chithunzi chotenthetsera ndi mfuti. Komabe, palibe kusiyana pakati pawo. Pansi pa omaliza, monga lamulo, chofuna kukonzera mafakitale chimatanthawuza, opambana kuposa nyumba, kuyambira pano mpaka 30kw. Zipangizozi zimakhudzana ndi zida zaukadaulo. Malo okhala m'nyumba yomwe ali ndi mtolo wopangidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa chimbudzi. UNIH palibe chinthu chotentha chotentha komanso chosayaka, chomwe ndi chubu cha hermetic chodzaza ndi ufa wa ceramic, mkati momwe kutentha kwatentha kumadutsa. Injini yamagetsi imatetezedwa ku fumbi, chinyezi, mpweya wamafuta ndipo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo owopsa moto (mwachitsanzo, m'magaraji). Zipangizo zonse zimakhala ndi thermostat yomwe imasintha kutentha mchipinda mpaka 40 ° C, komwe kumasunga magetsi chifukwa chosagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zotenthetsera.

Pamtunda wa - 1 Com, musanayambitse chotenthetsera chamadzimadzi, dzazani malita 3-5 a palafeseri, ndipo zitapangidwa - mafuta ozizira.

Ngati ophatikizika otenthetsa anasiya kuwotchedwa, ndiye kuti musazimangitse kuchokera ku netiweki mpaka fanyo imayamba kuyatsa chipindacho, apo ayi wobisayo adzawonongeka.

Gwiritsani ntchito chingwe champhamvu chokhala ndi dothi lapansi panthaka zitatu, osati kuwonjezera kwakanthawi.

Mu msika waku Russia, chiwerengero chachikulu cha zikwangwani zakunja ndi nyumba zapanyumba tsopano chikuyimiridwa. Kusankha chida chotere, koyambirira kwa zakudya zake. Ngati muli ndi netiwesi atatu ndi magetsi a 380V, idzakulitsa maluso anu posankha ma heaters a ndege onse ndi mitundu yamphamvu. Kupatula apo, mphamvu ya kutentha mfuti kudyetsa kuchokera pa intaneti imodzi ya 220V, monga lamulo, sikupitilira 3 kw. Kusiyana kwa kutentha kwa mpweya wobwera ndi zowonjezera ndi zowonjezera zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa mu mtundu uliwonse womwe umakhala wofunikira kwambiri.

Kwa gawo lowopsa la mfuti zotentha zamakampani osiyanasiyana, mawonekedwe a thupi amadziwika kwambiri, ndipo zinthu zotenthetsera zimapangidwa ngati ma mesh. Pali zitsanzo zokhala ndi nyumba ya cylindrical, momwe zinthu zotenthetsera zimawonekeranso pamwamba pa helix. Izi zimaperekanso kulumikizana kwa mpweya wolowetsedwa ndi chinthu chotenthetsera ndipo, monga chotulukapo, kutentha kwambiri pamalopo. Nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa cha mtundu wotere wa thupilo, kuyenda kwa mpweya wotentha sikusiya, koma kuwomba mobwerezabwereza. Kuyambira mfuti zotentha pamsika waku Russia, zopangidwa pyrox (Norway) ndi Frico (Sweden) zimayimiridwa kwambiri.

Ndikofunika kudziwa zokondweretsa zapakhomo za TPC mndandanda. Sangokhala ofanana ndi Tiger, Finiwek ndi zida zamagetsi, komanso ndi pafupifupi ntchito zonse: zitha kugwira ntchito mu mphamvu yotentha kapena theka la thermostat amakupatsani mwayi kukhazikitsa mpweya Kutentha m'chipindacho kuyambira 50c, dongosolo lonse la chitetezo chamagetsi limaphwanya madera amagetsi ndikuchotsa mwayi woti muthe kutentha. Koma kuwonjezera pa izi, injini yotsika ya noise imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chitsimikizo cha B12.

Mtengo wosinthira mfuti zamtundu wosinthika zimasinthasintha pafupifupi kuchokera pa $ 250 mpaka $ 1500-1700, koma pali mitundu yotsika mtengo modabwitsa. Mwachitsanzo, mitundu yonse ya fakitale ya fakitale ya kampani ya ku Sweden Veab ili kuchokera $ 110 mpaka $ 370. Mtengo wa mfuti zotentha kwambiri (mkati mwa zinthu za bikar, zomwe zimapangidwa pamaziko a zigawo zomwe zimachokera ku $ 150 mpaka $ 450-500.

Magetsi Omenyera Magetsi *

Cholimba	Mtundu	Mphamvu ya mafuta, kw	Kuyenda kwa mpweya, m3 / h	Magetsi, mu / nambala ya manambala	Misa, kg.	Kuchuluka kwa mitundu yomwe idaperekedwa pamsika
Master, USA	B2th.	0-1,0-20	300.	230/1 ~	zisanu	zisanu ndi zinai
BS15E.	0-7.5-15.0	700.	400/3 ~	23.5
Ts-3.	0-1,5-3.0	Ngonjetsani	230/1 ~	10.0
Zosangalatsa, Finland	Zosangalatsa-3,2	3,2 *	400.	230/1 ~	6,2	3.
Zolimbikitsa 9.6	9,6 *	800.	400/3 ~	15.8.
Pyrox, Norway	Pro 321.	0-3.0	280.	230/1 ~	6.0	6.
Pro 3043.	0-30.0	2600.	380/3 ~	30.3.
Devi, Denmark	Ntchentche 303.	0-3.0	400/650.	230/1 ~	**	6.
Deranmp 121.	0-21.0	800/1400.	380/3 ~	**
Handy, Sweden	321.	0-3.0	300.	230/1 ~	6.0	zinai
1543.	0-15.0	1050.	400/3 ~	16,1
Frici, Sweden	Tiger P21	0-2.0	280.	230/1 ~	5,7	13
FinnwikFb15	0-7.5-15.0	1120.	400/3 ~	17.0
Vawabu, Sweden	Enn.	0-2.0	190.	230/1 ~	4.7	khumi ndi mphabu zinayi
BX15E.	0-7.5-15.0	1000.	400/3 ~	15.0.
Evt, Russia	Etv-9.	0-4.5-9.0	550.	380/3 ~	makumi awiri	2.
TVF 20.	0-5-10-15-20	1100.	380/3 ~	36.
CJSS TekProM-Center, Russia	Tpc-2	0-1,0-20	430.	220/1 ~	5.5	zisanu
Tpc-15.	0-7.5-15.0	1030.	380/3 ~	11.9
CJCSS "CORY", RUSSIA	Chitonthozo TV 2.7 / 2	0-2.4	120.	220/1 ~	3.0	zinai
Chitonthozo TV 8 / 5.8	0-8.0	-	380/3 ~	-
Kampani ya Katswiri Kampani ya Russian "Bi Kar", Russia	Enian E3.	0-3.0	300.	220/1 ~	5,2	khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi
.	0-12.0-18.0	1700.	380/3 ~	23.5
ENATAN EA3	0-1,5-3.0	Chotenthetsera cha ik	220/1 ~	10

* Mwachitsanzo, deta imaperekedwa kwa mitundu ingapo.

** Palibe deta.

Osuta aizi

Gulu lomaliza la kukhazikitsa malo otenthetsera malo ophatikizika. Ili ndiye gulu lamakono lokonzedwa kuti lizigwira ntchito yothandiza, yolumikizidwa ndi malo ochepa komanso otseguka. M'malo mwa mtsinje wa mpweya mu kukhazikitsa uku, mphamvu ya radiation ya infrared imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yomwe siyimizidwa ndi mpweya. Chifukwa chake, mphamvu zonse zoperekedwa ndi Gwero, popanda kutaya, zimafika pansi motenthedwa pamalo okhazikitsa. Malinga ndi mtundu wa mphamvu zosinthidwa kukhala radiation ya infrated, zowotcha izi zitha kugawidwa m'mafuta amadzi, mpweya, wamadzi otentha. Kugwiritsa ntchito heaters zamtunduwu kumalola kupewa kufafaniza mnyumba m'nyumba, ndiko kuti, zojambulazo, komanso zimapereka ma yuni yopumira. Awo amagwiritsa ntchito makina owuma nkhuni, kumasula makina, ophatikizika ndi mapaipi. Kupenda mwatsatanetsatane mtundu watsopano wa chotenthetsera kumafuna nkhani yosiyana.