Madenga ndi matayala: gulu, mawonekedwe, mfundo zopangidwa posankha imodzi kapena padenga lina la kanyumba. Padenga la madenga.
Timapitiliza njira yozungulira yodzipereka pantchito yomanga nyumbayo. Zogwiritsidwa Ntchito Magazini Yathu Inali ngati kusankha polojekiti, maziko, makoma ndi mapiri. Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane za madenga.
Pomaliza, makoma a nyumbayo anaikidwa, zokutira zaikidwa, ndi nthawi yoti mufulumire ndi kumanga padenga. Ndikofunikira kuteteza nyumbayo kuchokera ku mpweya, kusungunuka madzi mosiyanasiyana chifukwa cha kutentha, mphepo, dzuwa komanso kuwala kwadzuwa, kuchokera kuzama kwa kutentha, kuchokera kuyanika kutentha nthawi yozizira. Mapangidwe, nyumba zotsekemera zochokera kumwamba, zimakhala mitundu iwiri:
- wachedwa kapena Kubamolabam;
nyumba kapena Beccine pomwe padenga ndi kufinya kwambiri zimaphatikizidwa (zotchulidwa zophatikizidwa). Omalizani amakhala ndi mawonekedwe onyamula (mwachitsanzo, matanda kapena konkriti zolimbitsa kutsiriza zomwe zimayendetsa nthawi imodzi zomwe zimagwira ntchito ya denga) ndi mapendeji yamadzi.
Kuonetsetsa kuti mpweya wa m'mlengalenga, madenga nthawi zonse amapanga malo otsetsereka. Kutengera kufunikira kwa kapangidwe ka zokutira kumaphatikizaponso nthunzi ina ndi kutentha kosafunikira. Nyumba Zophatikiza zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga nyumba zotetezeka komanso za anthu ambiri, m'malo opangira mafakitale ndi zaulimi. Zolemba za kanyumba kanyumba kamene ndizosowa kwambiri. Zachidziwikire, pali madenga a ndege komanso ma curvinear, mawonekedwe apangidwe, mwachitsanzo m'madziwe, masewera olimbitsa thupi, masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Nyumba kanyumba, monga lamulo, gwiritsani ntchito Kubamolabam kapena Madenga . Amakhala ndi gawo lapamwamba (chipolopolo), chotchedwa denga, maziko kapena pansi cholimba), omwe amathandizira padenga, ndipo nthawi zambiri amalilira kukhoma lakunja.
Denga liyenera kupangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zotheka kukhala ndi nthawi yayitali komanso kutalika kwake, kukana madontho akuthwa, kupewa madontho otentha, mitundu yamitundu yomwe imasungidwa mumkhalidwe womwe sunawonongeke. Denga ndi zoposa zinthu zina zanyumba zomwe zimaperekedwa kwa zinthu zakumwamba, ndipo ndalama zake zokonza ndi kukonza zimawonekera kwambiri pamtengo wa nyumba yonse. Chifukwa chake, madenga a padenga azikhala ndi zolimba komanso zogwirizana, zogwirizana ndi gulu lomanga. Mitundu ikuluikulu ndi mitundu ya madenga omangidwa, magawo awo, mayina ndi malo omwe akuwonetsedwa mu zojambulazo.
Kuti muchepetse ndalama zomangira padenga ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa nthawi yomanga, ntchito zingapo zopangira kuti zisamukire ku mbewuzo, kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri ndi zinthu zomwe zinali zoyambirira. Kuphatikiza pa kulemera kosalekeza kuchokera ku kulemera kwake, mapangidwe a padenga ayenera kupirira katundu wosakhalitsa: chivundikiro cha chipale chofewa (chivundikiro cha chipale chofewa cha Russia chimachokera ku 70 mpaka 200KG / M2 zokutira zokutira); Kupanikizika kwa mphepo kuchokera mbali yam'madzi ndikutsanulira, ndi mbali ya leed. Kuukira padenga kuyenera kupirira katundu wobwera chifukwa cha opareshoni (kukonza, kuyeretsa chipale chofewa ndi ena).
Madenga a chipinda champhamvu (osalala) nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ndege zokhazikika, madenga ophikira. Kuchuluka kwa malo otsetsereka kumadalira mapulani, m'lifupi mwake mabens ndi zomangamanga za nyumbayo, kuchokera padenga la padenga, kuchokera pa malo omangawo.
Dziwani kuti zosiyana, zoyambira zoyambirira za padenga, ma dome, mahema ndi ena anali chinthu chodziwika ndi mamangidwe a Chirasha. Ndikokwanira kukumbukira mateni, matchalitchi, madambo okongola, komanso malo oyang'anira sitima, mwachitsanzo, leinterad ku Moscow ku Moscow.
Desilo limavumbula ubweya wa kakwata, ngati kuti korona, amapereka chomalizira ndi kukhala bwino pa njira yake yomanga. Iye, monga chipewa chokongola, chomaliza ndipo nthawi zambiri chimafotokoza chithunzi cha munthu wamasikono.
Ndikufuna ndikuyembekeza kuti pakupanga nyumba zamakono, chitsitsimutso cha zinsinsi za chitsitsimutso chayamba, m'magawo atsopano ndi nyumba zosonyeza kuti madengawo adzalandire chidwi.
Mukamapanga kanyumba kanyumba ya denga, chidwi chiyenera kulipidwa, kuphatikizapo kukopa kwake kwakunja.
Nthawi yomweyo, siziyenera kuloledwa komanso kuvuta kwambiri pamadenga, osawonjezeranso kukongola kunyumba, kusokoneza njira yopindulitsa, ndi okwera mtengo kuti amange, kugwira ntchito ndi kukonza. Zitha kuyambitsanso mapangidwe a matumba akuluakulu ofewa pamadenga ndipo chifukwa cha kutayikira.
Kukoma kwa madenga kumawonetsa madigiriilo poyang'ana pansi, mwachitsanzo, 27, 45 kapena peresenti. Betctore zolumira ndi tsankho la otera mpaka 3-5% amatchedwa lathyathyathya. Nthawi zina amapangidwa pa onse, kuphatikizapo malo osungika, kunyumba kapena pamwamba pa gawo lawo. Denga loterolo limatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pansi pa malo okhala, masewera, malo osewerera, minda, ndi zina zotero. Chitsanzo cha opaleshoniyo chitha kukhala denga la nyumba yodziwika ndi malo okhala ku Marseille pa ntchito ya Womanga-Worbussiir (Nyumba yotchedwa "Yachikulu". Pa denga lake pali mitundu yokongola komanso malo osewerera, dziwe "komanso chipachilo.
Mukamasankha denga lapade, muyenera kuyang'anira mwapadera mwayi wazofulumira ndi kutsika kwamvula ndikusungunuka. Kuchepetsa katundu wa chipale chofewa (kuwonjezera apo, chipale chofewa chimakhala choposa 100kg / m2) ndi matalala ozizira oyenda ndi matalala omwe ali ndi matalala kwambiri Zingwe zokutira za padenga zokhala ndi khothi 30, popeza ndi skate-phop, chipale chofewa chimawombedwa ndi mphepo, chimasamutsidwa pahatchi ndikusunga panjira yopepuka. Komabe, kumveketsa bwino ndi ntchito za nyumba za kanyumba kanyumba kumawonetsa kuti nthawi zambiri, madenga, osavuta kujambula malasha). Padenga, malo otsetsereka omwe ali ochulukirapo kuposa 30, kuchuluka kwa chipale chofewa kudzachepa, chifukwa ndi malo otsetsereka, mwachitsanzo 45, chipale chofewa chimakhala chofatsa padenga. Tiyeneranso kudziwa kuti ngati mitengo ikuluikuluteteza kuchokera ku mphepo imakula pafupi ndi kanyumba, chipale chofewa chimapangidwa padenga.
Chipale chofewa chomwe chimagona padenga ndikugwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwa kutentha, kuphatikizapo kulowetsedwa kuchokera pansi padenga, ndipo pang'onopang'ono pansi, wothira pansi, wothira madzi osungunuka. Madzi, kudekha padenga lotentha, kumazizira padenga la padenga ndipo limapanga mainchesi ndi ma Ic. Kuchepetsa kugwa kwa chipale chofewa ndi mapangidwe a icles, komanso kuvomerezedwa mu chapamwamba, ndikofunikira kukonzanso kwabwino kwambiri kwa otambasuka ndi gasket pansi pa mafuta odalirika (mafuta a dorby, etc.) kuphatikiza ndi kulimba kwambiri. Kunyamula mpweya wabwino (chilengedwe kunyamula) kupereka mabowo apadera pansi pa chimanga ndi pakumva windondede pa ndodo, madera a madenga. Mawindo amatsekedwa ndi zotchinga, zowoneka bwino kapena zomangira ngati "khungu", zomwe zadutsa bwino ndikupangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kulowa m'madzi amvula.
Nthawi zambiri, denga limakhala lambiri la kanyumba Awira . Mapeto ake amatha kumapeto kwa khoma la njerwa lamiyala limodzi ndi chimanga chapamwamba ndi lamba pansi, ndiye kuti, kuthana ndi mawonekedwe a kutsogolo. Zachidziwikire, osati apamwamba, monga, pamwamba pa mizati ya bolsoi zisudzo ku Moscow kapena kachisi wa parfnon ku Atene, koma owonetsera bwino, mwina ndi zenera. Kumaliza kumene kwa khoma lotsiriza kumakupatsani mwayi woti mupereke zowunikira bwino zachilengedwe komanso mpweya wabwino womwe umayikidwa m'chipinda chapamwamba, komanso kumapangitsa kuti ma corcents avotedwe, ngakhale amawonjezera kuchuluka kwa zojambulajambula.
Mtundu wina wa mapangidwe ake pakhoma kumapeto Valm yankho , ndiye kuti, ndi sikisi ya twilia tational. Denga lanyumba, lomwe linamalizidwa ndi m'chiuno m'malekezero onse awiriwa, limatchedwa WOLALOVA. Iyo imachepetsa kuchuluka kwa njerwa zomanga uttic, koma zomanga za rafter ndizovuta, miyendo yopumira imawoneka. Nthawi zina, mwachitsanzo, ndi dongosolo la womanga, malo otsetsereka amadulidwa ndi malekezero onse a padenga, koma gawo laling'ono kapena lotsika la izo. Pankhaniyi, kumapeto kosakwanira Skhot kumatchedwa theka la tsitsi, ndipo padenga ndi Semi-haul.
Kutalika kwa chipinda cha chipindacho chimatsimikizika ndi m'lifupi mwake nyumbayo, malo otsetsereka, ntchito yomanga padenga ndi kufunika kopereka njira yamoto yamoto ndi kutalika kwa 1.6 m m'mbali mwa chipinda chonse. Ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kutalika kwa chipinda chapamwamba kwambiri malo otsika kwambiri, m'khoma lakunja, kunali kocheperako 0,4 m kuchokera pamwamba pa kungomanga kwa taurlat. Ichi ndi chofunikira pakuwunikira kwakanthawi ndikukonzanso mbali zam'munsi za khwangwala, otetezedwa kwambiri oyeretsa, kuzizira, modzikuza, komanso chitetezo chamoto. Dziwani kuti padenga lalitali lomwe limaposa chipale chofewa, lolani kuti mugwiritse ntchito malo a intry bwino kwambiri.
Kapangidwe kam'madzi kwa madenga ndi madenga kuchokera ku zopangira (matayala, slate, ma sket astery sheets ndi ena) ndi otayika kapena dongosolo la rafter.
Dongosolo lino limatchedwa "zotayira" ndipo ili ndi nyumba zanyumba zambiri kuchokera ku zinthu zamatabwa zomwe ziyenera kukhala zopangidwa ndi kunyowa ndi moto wokhazikika. Miyendo ya stropyl, etc., ndiye kuti, mipiringidzo (yowonjezera ndi makulidwe a 50, 100, 150, 180, 200, 200 , ndipo amachokera kumapeto kochepa kwambiri pa Mauerlae, ndi kuthamangitsidwa. Mauelats akuthandizira mipiringidzo yopingasa (100100, 150150mm), yolumikizidwa ndi ganyu yamiyala yakunja, ndikugawa katunduyo kuchokera ku stratilin mogwirizana kwambiri khoma. Internis (50100, 50150mm) imalumikizidwa pa racks (100100, 150150m), mu soot kapena pa mawonekedwe ang'onoang'ono atatu, zopser. Mapulogalamu opanga, amadula ndi mapulani omwe mutha kuwona pazithunzi. Kuti muwonjezere chiwongola dzanja komanso chokhazikika, cholumikizidwa pakati pa ma dothens ndikuthamanga mu chitsogozo chambiri chimakhazikitsidwa ndi mipukutu ina. Kutalika pakati pa vack ndi phula sikuyenera kupitilira 45.
Ma Rack adayikidwa pakhoma lamkati lililonse 34m, pomwe pansi pa ma racks, kulumikizana kuchokera kumabodi (kuyatsidwa) ndi kokha. Miyendo yopukutira imayikidwa 0,8-2.0 m, kutengera gawo lawo la mtanda, denga ndi malo ena. Mapeto am'munsi pamunda kudzera mu umodzi ayenera kuyikika pakhomalo ndi mawaya opindika kuti ateteze padenga kuti ateteze ndi mphepo yamphamvu. Kupatuluka kumakhazikika ndi crutch kapena ma er, omwe amapezeka m'nyanja ya zomangajambula ndi 250-300mm pansi pa Maurolat.
Pachipangizo cha ma soles, odetsedwa ndi ma eafu, kuti asunge bar lalikulu, kumapeto kwa mwendo wodulira ukuwonjezeka ndi mabodi afupiafupi (40120, 50100mm), omwe amakhalanso osavuta kudulira zovala. Kuti mupange migwa yayikulu nyumba, miyendo yopumira imakonzedwa, ndipo m'mbali mwa mmero wokhazikika (namwino). Kuphatikizika kwa zinthu m'matanthwe kumapangidwa ndi mabatani, misomali kapena ma bolts.
Pamiyala yamiyala, misomali kusoka kabati, yopangidwa ndi mipiringidzo yamiyala (5050mm), ifika 330mm, ndikusinthana ndi padenga (50120, kudula mapaipi, skate. Zinthu zotsikira zimayikidwa pa kabati (galimoto ya mapanelo ophatikizika) ndi trim.
Kuphatikiza pa zomangira zamatabwa zowaza, pali zolengedwa zotere mwa konkriti zolimbikitsira. Zophatikizidwa kwambiri ndi mitengo yamatabwa yolumikizidwa ndikupangidwa m'mafakitale ochokera ku zinthu zokulitsidwa kuchokera kumbali zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa m'malo mwa kapangidwe kake, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri zovuta zomanga. Pankhani yomwe ma rafters amakhazikika pa makoma awiri okha (ngati palibe othandizira), amatchedwa kupachikana ndi mtundu wosavuta kwambiri wa minda ya rabter, yomwe imayimitsidwa (ngati ilipo) ndi yotanuma.
Mu zomangira zopachikika, ndi ndege zoposa 6m pakati pa malekezero apamwamba a khwangwala, agogo oyimitsidwa (ofukula matabwa) amakanikizidwa. Pofuna kupewa kapangidwe kake kumapeto kwa agogo ake, okhazikika komanso kuthamanga kuti athandizire mitengo ya intrac yolumikizidwa imayimitsidwa. Kufikira pa 12m mu kapangidwe kake, rafter imayambitsidwa ndi pampu yomwe imachepetsa kutalika kwa miyendo ya rafter.
Akuluakulu kwambiri amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazidazo mmenemo mwa malo okhala anthu omwe amatchedwa kuti mtundu wa ittic. Contard-Cilaini, dzina lake Lomanga wa ku France. Francois Mezar, yemwe adayamba kuzolowera nyumba zapamwamba za padenga la nyumba za Gothic zapitazi. Tsoka ilo, kachilombo ka astric kunali ponseponse padziko lonse lapansi.
Denga la chapamwamba ndi mtundu wa madenga. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino, malo a adiresi nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi chakudya cham'mawa. Gawo la padenga, lomwe limapanga gawo la makoma a chipinda chapamwamba, ndikofunikira, mosiyana ndi madenga ozizira ozizira, kubisa. Denga limalekanitsa gawo lakutali kwambiri la ndodo ndi zibowo kuchokera pansi ozizira kwambiri. Pamodzi, zisudzo zimayika pomwe kupaka utoto wa padenga la chipinda ndi kapangidwe kake ndi zolimbitsa thupi kumathetsedwa. Kuchulukitsa njira yothetsera mavuto a padenga la nyemba chimodzimodzi chomwe chimawerengedwa pamwambapa.
Padenga la madenga
Zipangizo zodulira zodulira zimafunsira madenga poganizira njira yomanga nyumbayo, kulimba kwake komanso kuchita bwino. Chifukwa chake, kwa magaraja ndi ma shedi, ndizomveka kugwiritsira ntchito madenga okhala ndi zokometsera zazing'ono kuchokera kuderali.
Gome likuwonetsa malo otsetsereka a madenga osiyanasiyana m'malo osiyanasiyana kutengera zigawo, masitepe omangirira, omangira kabati, oyambira ndi rafyles.
Padenga lomangidwa ndi m'modzi wakale kwambiri. Ndizokhazikika, zotetezeka pamoto, sizitanthauza kukonza pafupipafupi komanso kujambula. Kanyumbayo yokhala ndi denga lotayidwa, dongo lotenthedwa kapena simenti-simenti, limawoneka lokongola komanso lolemera, komanso moyo wa padenga lopanda zaka 100. Dziwani kuti TILAmer-Mchenga wa mchenga unayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba zapamwamba kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, ku Moscow chigawo cha Mitino.
Mitundu ikuluikulu ya matailosi ophatikizika (mawonekedwe osavuta, otsika mtengo) ndi poyambira.
Riboni - Awa ndi miyeso ya 365155mm, kapena 400220m, wokhala ndi pansi pa spike chifukwa chophatikiza ndi kabati. Popewa kutaya, ayenera kuyikidwa m'magawo awiri kuti adutse malitani athunthu. Izi zimabweretsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu, zomwe, limodzi ndi kulemera kwakukulu mu 60-80kg / m2, ndizovuta kwambiri padenga loterolo. Zofanana ndi kapangidwe kanumwamba kwa madenga kuchokera ku matayala abwino a Asbestos ndi Earitis ndi Slate.
Chishalo chotchinga Ili ndi ma grooves motalika m'mphepete mwa poyambira, palinso mawonekedwe (mafunde ndi chipewa chapamwamba, chomwe sichikupereka conlamaugtion. Chifukwa chake, pophimba ma groove amaikidwa kamodzi. Kudutsa mzere (kulemera kwa 40kg / m2), kuti muchepetse kugwetsa ndi mphepo, imamangidwa ndi chitofu ku misozi ya crabire. Pambuyo pa miyezi itatu titakweza padenga, pomwe limayikidwa, mkati mwa malowo, poyambira ndi njira yoyandikira. Akavalo ndi nthiti za zikhonde zimadzaza ndi matayala osiyanasiyana. Kusankhidwa kwa chipangizo chamtundu wa ziphuphu, zoteteza m'mapaipi, mawindo owunikira, ngalande za khoma la khoma limapakidwa ndi ma sheet odekha.
Denga la pader asteleza , kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga kotsika, kumakhala ndi ma sheet wamba ndikuwonjezera. Mapepala a kukula wamba kwa 12008005.5mm zolemera za 9kg amakhazikika pa crate ndi mabatani a ma board ndi mipiringidzo (5050mm iliyonse iyenera kugona osachepera atatu obzala. Denga la ma sheet akuluakulu a mbiri yakale (1750 ndi 200010006-8m) amaikidwa pa mipiringiri ya konkriti yolimbikitsidwa, kufikira 800 mm, kapena pagawo lamatabwa. Mafuta okumbika amathandizira kupanga magetsi ovala, kupanga zovuta zochepa, zodalirika.
Mapepala a wavy amayika mzere wapamwamba wa ma sheet amapaka m'munsi pa 120-200mm. Woyang'ana pamalo otsetsereka, ocheperako owombera. Kuyandikana kwa ma sheet m'mbali mwake kumatsimikiziridwa ndi kusunthidwa kwawo (150mm).
Madenga amtundu, nthiti ndi ma strats amachitika pogwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chokhazikika. Ma sheet amayenera kuphatikizidwa ndi zomangira kapena misomali yokhala ndi zipewa ndi masher.
Madenga ochokera ku zogubuduza Pali Bigmaous (Rerbaid) ndikusintha (zokha ndi zochokera). Ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pazachuma, monga garages, ndi malo otsetsereka a madenga, popeza bit, zinthu zimakhalapo, komanso zigawo zoyatsira kutentha pang'ono. Denga logudubuzidwa lili ndi mphamvu yaying'ono, koma ali ndi moyo wotsika mtengo, wolemera wotsika, wotanganidwa wokhazikika, amatha kukhala achibwibwi chifukwa cha zitsamba zamchere. Kukutayika padenga pa simenti yolimba komanso yosalala, konkriti kapena matabwa (mwa mabodi awiri a mabodi adatembenukira kwa wina ndi mzake pa 30-45). Iyenera kuphatikizidwa kuti ndi kusiyana pang'ono pamtengo wa denga lamafuta kumafuna ntchito yomweyo pachipangizo chake, komanso chokhacho, koma osasamala ndipo ngakhale sakusamala Zaka 30.
Masana asanayambe ntchitoyo, wothamanga kapena chida ayenera kuyimitsidwa, kudula mzidutswa kutalika kwa skate, kuwonjezera 250mm kupita ku nkhokwe kudzera pa kavalo ndi chimava. Kenako, spathela, burashi yolimba, kapena ndi palafini, yoyeretsa mbali, imagwiridwa ndi talc, ndipo kuchokera kunja kwa pepala loyandikana ndi 100m.
Madenga azitsulo Pangani zitsulo zokhala ndi zolimba (zolimba) komanso zosakhala ndi zinc (zakuda) zolemera 3.5-6.5kg / m2, ndi ma tavel a dlev (pabungwe ang'onoang'ono) Mapepala ogwidwa ndi golide (mwachitsanzo, pa temple yoyandikira ya Kristu Mpulumutsi wa ku Moscow). Madenga azitsulo ndiokwera mtengo kwambiri, amafunikira zida zapadera komanso ntchito yoyenerera. Chifukwa chake, m'masiku amakono, mapepala ojambula akulimbikitsidwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito kokha kuphimba madenga ovuta, zotupa, zotchinga mapaipi a flue ndi mpweya, ndi zina zotero. Ma sheet ali ndi chikhomo mbali zonse ziwiri, m'lifupi mwake ma sheet - 710, kutalika, 1420, makulidwe kuchokera ku 20.45 mpaka 1 mm. Ma sheet amaikidwa pa crati yamatabwa (5050mm), yoyenda ku Rafalines. Pamphepete mwa denga, limakhala maliseche ndi pansi pa matabwa mpaka m'lifupi 700mm, ndi khwete la padenga - matabwa awiri. Ma sheet ovala zomangira zolumikizirana ndi wina ndi mnzake, omwe ali osoka, amanama, madziwo amasavuta) ndikuyimilira pa skate. Kuwonongeka kwa mapepala kumakhazikika ndi ma cinvatotor kuchokera ku zitsulo zankhondo zoyandikira pafupi kuti zitayime pambuyo pa 500-700mmm. Svet Sve imasungidwa ndi zitsulo zazitsulo zopangidwa ndi misomali mpaka khola.
Chida chachitsulo chikakhala bwino kupanga chingwe cholimba cha matabwa okhala ndi gasiketi ku Pergamine. Mulingo woyenera kwambiri ndi wokwera mtengo kwambiri, koma amateteza mbali yam'munsi yamapepala kuchokera ku kututa ndikuwonjezera moyo wawo wautumiki pofika katatu.
Denga la chitsulo chosamwa pa utoto wamafuta atatu. Denga la Gelvananted limatha kupakidwa utoto wa zaka 8-10 atagona.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, zinthu zambiri zatsopano zodetsa zawonekera, zonse zapakhomo komanso zakunja. Mwachitsanzo, matayala azitsulo ndi polymer kapena padenga la malamba owoneka bwino okhala ndi zokutira za fiber-wosanjikiza, denga la mbiri aluminiyamu ndi ena. Makampani amapereka madenga athunthu okhala ndi zinthu zonse zofunika m'mitundu yambiri. Ngati milandu, madenga oterowo, otsatsa matabwa achilengedwe, amakhala olimba, aukhondo, ndipo amakhala ndi kulemera kochepa kwa 5-10kg / m2 ndi makulidwe a 1 mm.
Chifukwa chake, tidamanga nyumba, kapena m'malo mwake, bokosi lomanga. Tsopano muyenera kuganizira zinthu zake zina, monga masitepe, khonde, zibonga, zitseko ndi mawindo. Ndikofunikira kusamalira kukongola kwa mafayilo akutali ndi omwe amathandizira. Tiyeni tichite nawo izi pa misonkhano yathu.
| Mitundu ya Denga | Ngodya zopangidwa ndi skate ndi ndege yopingasa madigiri |
|---|---|
| Kuchokera ku zida zogubuduza (brable, padenga, ndi zina) ndi kuchuluka kwa zigawo ziwiri, zoyikidwa pa mastic | 3- 8. |
| Yemweyo, koma anayi-, ndipo asanu-wosanjikiza ndi woteteza wa miyala, ndikuwombera mu mastic | 0-22 ndi kokha kumadera osiyanasiyana kumadenga |
| Kuchokera ku shalvanad stonel ndi khola limodzi | 16 kapena kupitirira |
| Chimodzimodzi ndi pindani kawiri | 12 kapena kupitirira |
| Kuphatikizidwa kuchokera ku mapepala a wavy wa mbiri wamba | 18-30 |
| Mofananamo | 1445 |
| Kutumizidwa (kutengera mtundu) | 27-45 ndi zinanso |