Stratization, disvicession ndikuwadzutsa - timanena momwe tingakonzekerere mbewu musanabzale pansi.
M'sitolo yopatsa ndi kumuda, mutha kupeza mbewu zosiyanasiyana. Opanga ambiri samangowasankha bwino komanso osankhidwa bwino, komanso amachititsanso ntchito. Amalemba za izi pa ma CD. Ngati pali zotere, ndiye kuti palibe njira zina zowonjezera zisanafike. Komabe, ngati mungagule zinthu kuchokera kwa anzanu kapena mudzasonkhanitse nokha, ndiye kuti muyenera kukonzekera. Njira ziti zogwiritsira ntchito - zimatengera chikhalidwe china komanso zomwe mumakonda. Timanena za njira zotchuka kwambiri zobzala zobzala mbewu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kunyumba.
Zonse zokhudza kubzala mbewu
MawonekedweMaonedwe:
- calbibration
- Disin
- Kutentha
- kugwedezeka
- Kulimbana
- stratization
- kuwonongeka
Mawonekedwe a mbewu musanabzale
Makamaka, chithandizo cha mbewu chimafunikira kuti mbewu zikule, zimawateteza ku matenda ndipo zimawateteza ku matenda ndipo zimawateteza ku matenda ndipo zimawateteza ku matenda ndipo zimawateteza ku matenda ndipo zimawateteza ku matenda ndipo zimawateteza ku matenda ndikusintha kutentha kwambiri ndi madontho awo. Njirazi zizisunga mbewu zambiri, chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimakhala pafupifupi theka la akufa chifukwa cha matenda osiyanasiyana.
Komabe, kukonza kuyenera kufikiridwa ndi malingaliro. Simuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yonse yomwe ili m'nkhaniyi, apo ayi ngakhale mbewu zathanzi kwambiri zidzafa. Dziwani zomwe zingakhudze kulima komanso kukula kwake. Mwachitsanzo, chokhazikika kwambiri komanso madzi otsika madzi kapena kudalirika kwa mluza. Kutengera izi, sankhani njira zofunikira.
Mitundu ya Chithandizo
1. Kale
Njirayi ndiyofunikira kupatutsa zinthu zabwino zakubzala kuchokera ku zoyipa. Kuti tichite izi, timafunikira madzi wamba kapena yankho la mchere wamchere pamtunda wa 3-5%. Mbewu zimatsitsidwa mu chidebe, kutsanulidwa ndi madzi ndikumayimitsa pafupifupi mphindi 5. Pambuyo pa nthawi ino, madzi omwe ali ndi njere za pop-uyo umatsitsidwa, ndipo zotsalazo pansipa zimangochoka - ndizoyenera kumera. Amatsukidwa m'madzi oyera, kenako amawuma m'malo amdima. Ziyenera kuyikidwa pafupi ndi zida zotenthetsera, mwachitsanzo, mabatire.
Kwa mbewu zazing'ono zimagwiritsa ntchito njira ina yofunika. Kuti muchite izi, tengani wand kuchokera ku plascisics ndi magetsi: ndibwino kutaya za ubweya wa ubweya. Kenako imabalalitsa mbewu papepala, gwiritsani ntchito ndi wand. Mtunda pakati pawo uyenera kukhala osachepera 2 cm. Pulasitiki imamatira mbewu zoyipa zomwe sizoyenera kumera.
2. Dziwani
Kuchotsa matenda asanafesere ndi njira yovomerezeka yomwe siyenera kunyalanyazidwa. Zodwala zochokera ku kusiyanitsa kovuta kwambiri, komanso chifukwa cha iwo kukolola kwathunthu kumatha kufa. Kuteteza zomerazo ku matenda a bakiteriya ndi fungul, muyenera kuwasuntha. Pankhaniyi, imachotsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, omwe amatha kukhala pachilumbacho ndi mkati. Komanso, njirayi iteteza mphukira kuchokera ku matenda omwe akuwayembekezera padziko lapansi.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mumveke mankhwala ophera tizilombo tomwe timagulidwa kuchokera ku dzanja pamsika ndipo anali pamsewu wamsewu. Sizoyenera kunyamula njirayi ngati phukusi likuti zinthuzo zathandizidwa kale.
Pokonza, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zitatu zosavuta. Poyamba, mudzafunikira yankho la manganese. Ndikofunikira kutenga 1 gram ya potaziyamu permanganate ndikuwonjezera ku 100 ml ya kutentha kwa chipinda choyera. Kenako ikani mbewu zamadzimadzi ndikusiya kwa mphindi 20. Mukamagwira ntchito ndi manganese, ziyenera kusamala chifukwa ndi zotupa. Onetsetsani kuti muvale magolovesi ndikuyesera kuti musadzuke ndi mankhwalawa patangogona, apo ayi chidzalowetsa.
Mwa njira yachiwiri, imatenga 3% hydrogen peroxide. Iyenera kuzengereza mpaka madigiri 40, kenako ndikuyika muyeso ndikuwagwira kumeneko kwa mphindi 8.
Mu mlandu wachitatu, simusowa zochulukitsa, madzi okha ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Konzani zotengera ziwiri ndi otentha (pafupifupi madigiri 50) ndi madzi ozizira. Kusinthana ndi chithandizo chamadzi ndi kutentha kosiyanasiyana kwa mphindi 15.
3. Kutentha
Kutentha ndi njira imodzi yakale komanso yotchuka yosinthira mbewu musanabzale mbande. Amakhulupirira kuti limasintha bwino kukula ndi zokolola m'mundamo. Komabe, njirayi sioyenera zikhalidwe zonse. Nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zukini, nkhaka ndi maungu.
Mbewu zitha kuyikidwa pazenera lotentha kudekha padzuwa kuwala kwa dzuwa, nthawi zina zimayambitsa. Asiye oyenera maola 3-5. M'malo mwa dzuwa, nyali ya ultraviolet ndiyothandiza. Pankhaniyi, zinthuzo ziyenera kukhala zopatulidwa mkati mwa miniti. Izi zimamulola kuti akule bwino, komanso kupha tizilombo toyipa.
M'malo mwa kuwala kwa dzuwa, mbewu zitha kuyikidwa m'matumba a nsalu, ikani pafupi ndi batri kapena kuyika mu uvuni. Kutentha komwe kumachitika pafupifupi 50-60 madigiri. Zinthu ziyenera kuchitidwa m'mikhalidwe yotere kwa maola angapo, ndikofunikira kuti zitheke nthawi ndi nthawi.
4. Kugwedezeka
Kuyenda ndi njira, pomwe mbewu zimayikidwa mu sing'anga yonyowa. Pankhaniyi, mphukira ziwoneka masiku angapo m'mbuyomu, ndipo kuthekera kowombera zokolola zonse zidzakhala zapamwamba - zinthu zofesa sizidzafa pansi. Ponyowa, zosakanizira zopatsa thanzi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito, mwachitsanzo, kukula kwa kukula.
Mutha kusanthula zikhalidwe zilizonse motere, koma zimathandiza kwambiri kuti zidzakhala ndi omwe nthawi yayitali amamera. Osamachita njirayi ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito zikhalidwe zaulere kapena mwachangu.
Nthawi zambiri kufesa nkhani ndi kumera kwabwinobwino kumayikidwa m'madzi ofunda kwa tsiku limodzi. Poterepa, kutentha kwa madzimadzi kumayenera kukhala pafupifupi madigiri 25-30. Kenako imatulutsidwa, mutayamba. Mbewu zokhala ndi chipolopolo chotchinga kapena choyipa chizikhala m'madzi kwa nthawi yayitali: zimatha kusungidwa kumeneko kwa masiku angapo. Ndikofunikira kuwachotsa pomwe chipolopolo chitatupa, chidzakhala chowonekera bwino. Madzi mu chidebe uyenera kusinthidwa maola 4-6 aliwonse kuti azisunga kutentha koyenera. Pambuyo pokonza, zinthuzo zimawonongeka pansi ndikubzala pansi.
Chikhalidwe chilichonse chimakhala ndi nthawi yake kuti adzuke. Mwachitsanzo, kabati bubsins, maungu amatha kuyikidwa m'madzi kwa maola 12-20, ndi a Luka, udzu winawake - pofika 50-70 maola. Musanakonzedwe, ndibwino kudziwa pasadakhale zomwe zimafunikira ndi chomera chanu.
5. Kulimbana
Kuumitsa ndikofunikira kwa mbewu zachikondi, monga tomato ndi tsabola. Njirayi imathandizira zikhalidwe zokana kuzimiririka.
Pambuyo podzuka, mbewu zowuma zowuma zimasuntha kuchokera kutentha kupita kuzizira komanso mosemphanitsa. Pafupifupi maola 12 amasungidwa kutentha 20 madigiri, kenako ikani mufiriji kapena malo ena ozizira, pomwe kutentha sikukwera pamwamba -1 madigiri. Pambuyo pokonza, mbewu zimasungidwa kutentha.
6. Kusunthira
Stratization - njira yomwe imafunikira mbewu ndi nthawi yayitali kumera. Adzawathandiza kukwera mwachangu, komanso amawonjezera kukana kwawo. Pakukonzekera mbewu kuyenera kukhala kuzizira. Pambuyo maluwa, iwonso amagwa pansi ndi kugona m'nthaka nthawi yachisanu. Kusunthidwa kotereku kumatchedwa zachilengedwe. Pankhani ya kufesa zojambulajambula, iyenera kuyikidwa mozizira. Njirayi ili motere: imafunikira zilowe m'madzi ndikudikirira mpaka chipolopolo chitatupa. Kenako imasakanikirana ndi mchenga mu chiwerengero cha 1: 3, liyenera kukhala lokongola ndikusiya kunyowa pang'ono. Zotsatira zosakanikirana zimayikidwa mu mulingo woyenera ndikuyika mufiriji kapena chipinda china chilichonse pomwe kutentha kumakhalabe ndi madigiri 0 mpaka +. Mchenga nthawi ndi nthawi ndimakhala wosakaniza ndi kunyowa ngati pakufunika kutero.
Sungani osakaniza mufiriji kutalika monga chikhalidwe chomwe mukufuna. Nthawi imeneyi ikhoza kuyambira 1 mpaka 4 miyezi. Pambuyo pa kutha kwa stratization, mbewu zazikulu zimatsukidwa pamchenga, ndi kusita kwakung'ono limodzi ndi icho.
7. kuwonongeka
Kwa mazira omwe amabisika pansi pa chipolopolo chofewa, palibe njira yowonjezera yomwe ikufunika. Izi zimagwera pansi ndikumera mwachangu kwambiri. Komabe, ngati mbewu ndi chipolopolo chambiri, chomwe sichingapatse gentimin, nthawi yayitali kwambiri. Pankhaniyi, njira yoletsedwa nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito.Kuwonongeka ndikuwonongeka kwa mbeu zolimba ku chipolopolo kuti mbewuyo ikhale yofulumira kuposa kumera. Zikhalidwe zachilengedwe, izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa kutentha komanso chinyezi cha chinyezi, koma njirayo imatha kutenga nthawi yayitali. Nthawi zambiri kuwonongeka kumachitika chifukwa cha zomwe adazisonkhanitsa pawokha. Mbewu zogulidwa kale zakonzedwa ndipo sizifunikira kukonza.
Mitundu Yosavomerezeka
- Ndi makina. Mtunduwu nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito zipolopolo zolimba kwambiri. Kwa iye ndikoyenera kumwa mpeni, pinki kapena granki ya khitchini. Samalani, chifukwa chida chikhoza kudumpha ndikukupatsani. Ndikofunikira kuwaza gawo lakumwamba pang'ono. Komabe, simuyenera kudula kwa mluza kwambiri. Cholinga cha njirayi ndikufooketsa chipolopolo pang'ono m'malo angapo kuti Spriring ndiwosavuta kudutsa. Pobzala sing'anga ndi yaying'ono kukula, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito santepaper kapena mchenga wosavuta - kungotaya za iwo.
- Mankhwala. Kwa mtundu uwu wa bala umakhudza kufesa zinthuzo ndi kutentha kosiyanasiyana. Zimadalira zikhalidwe zomwe zimafunikira kukonzedwa. Mwachitsanzo, mbewu za nandolo zonunkhira zimakhala ndi madzi otentha, kenako ndikuthira madzi ozizira ndikuchoka kwa tsiku limodzi. Zomera zina, njirayi iyenera kubwerezedwa kangapo.
- Mankhwala. Pazomera zina, chithandizo cha ma asidi ndichofunikira. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mwachilengedwe izi zimera zimamera pambuyo poti mitengo ya mbalame imawakhudza. Nyumba zoterezi zitha kuchitika pogwiritsa ntchito 3% sulfure kapena hydrochloric acid. Iyenera kuthilira m'madzi kuti mupeze yankho. Sangalalani ndi njira yachitetezo: valani magolovesi ndikutseka nkhope yanu. Zovala zakufesa ndizoyenera pakumwetulira kwa maola 12. Kenako imayenera kutsukidwa m'madzi oyera.
