Tikulankhula za mapindu a feteleza, malingaliro awo komanso mankhwala omwe amasankha kutengera mbewu zosiyanasiyana.
Mlimi aliyense amafuna kupeza zokolola zabwino. Koma zotsatira zake zimatengera kusiyanasiyana kokha, kufika komanso chisamaliro, komanso kukonza nthaka kuti inyamuke. Popita nthawi, imadya zakudya za michere ndipo, ngati kuti sadzabwezeretsanso, mbewuzo sizikukula ndi zipatso. Titha kudziwa momwe mungadyetsira feteleza wa mchere.
Kanema wachidule, mfundo zazikulu zomwe zalembedwazo zidanenedwa. Onani ngati palibe nthawi yowerenga
Ndipo tsopano tikunena zambiri.Zonse zokhala ndi masika akudyetsa ndi michere
Chifukwa Chomwe Amafunikira
Mitundu ya ndalama
Zomwe zimabweretsa kumapeto kwa kasupe
Chifukwa chiyani mukufunikira plica
Agronomas chaka chilichonse amawerengera zosavuta kudziwa kuchuluka kwa michere yobzala mbewu. Nthawi yomweyo, mbewu zomwe zidakhazikitsidwa kale zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwazinthu zomwe zimayendera ndi kosiyana. Moyenera, wamaluwa amathanso kuchita zomwezo, ndiye kuti, kuchita kusanthula kwa dothi kuti adziwe zomwe zili mu zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Pambuyo pake, kuwerengera mankhwala omwe angafune mankhwala osokoneza bongo.Nthawi yabwino yofotokozera feteleza, akatswiri amawona miyezi yamasika. Izi zikufotokozedwa ndi zinthu ziwiri.
Chifukwa chiyani masika ndi nthawi yabwino?
- Ndizotheka kuwerengera mlingo wazinthu molondola momwe mungathere pachikhalidwe chilichonse.
- Kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa kumatha kuchepetsedwa. Zosakaniza zonse zomwe zimabwera kumapeto nthawi yomweyo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo ndi mbewu. Chifukwa chake, ayenera kukhala ocheperako. Kudyetsa yophukira ndikotheka, koma chifukwa cha dzinja kwambiri mwazinthu zothandiza kwambiri kumatsukidwa pansi kapena kuwonongedwa. Pafupifupi, osapitirira 20%.
Omwe akugonana a agronomis amagawa nthawi zitatu zomwe tikulimbikitsidwa kuthirira pansi ndikugulitsa mankhwala. Fotokozerani iliyonse.
Nthawi zitatu zomwe nthaka imatha kuphatikizidwa
- Mu chisanu. Osakaniza amamwazikulu pa chipale chofewa chinayamba kusungunuka. Ubwino waukulu - ntchito imachitika mwachangu komanso mosavuta. Koma pali zovuta. Ndikosatheka kuwerengera mlingo womwe mukufuna, kuyambira gawo la madzi opanda kanthu. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuthana ndi vuto la organic, limaloledwa kubalalitsa mu zosakaniza zamgole zokha.
- Kukonzekera kopambana. Kukhazikitsidwa kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kumachitika papaketi ya dziko lapansi. Chifukwa chake ali ndi nthawi yokwanira kulowa pansi pa nthaka. Ubwino pa luso - Mlingo wolondola.
- Pofika. The osakaniza amaphimbidwa mu chomera kapena poyambira. Choyipa chachikulu cha njirayi ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kwa osagwirizana ndi mlingo. Kuwerengetsa ndi kuyeza kuchuluka kwa ma granules kapena ufa sikotheka nthawi zonse.
Mukamasankha kuchuluka kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, muyenera kukumbukira kuti ndikofunikira kudyetsa zikhalidwe nthawi yonse yomwe ikukula. Mlingo wopangidwa nthawi yomweyo adzapatsa mphamvu kuposa zabwino. Ndikofunika kuthyoka mapulogalamu atatu.
Mitundu ya mankhwala
Musanadziwe kuchuluka kwa feteleza wa mchere womwe umapangidwa mu kasupe, pezani zomwe zimachitika.Pali mitundu yonse komanso yosavuta. Choyamba chili ndi zosakaniza zingapo zogwira, chokhacho chokhacho.
Gawani kugawikana m'magulu anayi.
Nayitrogeni
Gawo lalikulu - nayitrogeni. Zimachulukitsa kuchuluka kobiriwira, kumawonjezera zipatso zachikhalidwe. Ndikusowa kwa chinthucho muzomera, zizindikiro zosasangalatsa zikuwoneka. Amadziwika kwambiri ku Polemba, kuphatikizapo mbatata ndi tomato, pamtengo wa apulosi ndi sitiroberi. Awa ndi mawonekedwe a owopa owonda, kukula pang'onopang'ono, kuchepa kwa kuchuluka kwa inflorescence. Masamba mu chipatsocho chimakhala chofiira, m'masamba - chikasu, kukhala chaching'ono, chopanda chodzaza. Zonsezi zikusonyeza kuti ndikofunikira kuyambitsa matenda a nayitrogen. Ili ndi "sulfate ammonium", "ammonia sellic", "calcium semiti" ndi ena.
Musanathandizire, ndikofunikira kuwerengera ndalama zofunika. Nitrogeni bongo ndi zowopsa chifukwa zimasonkhana muzomera mu mawonekedwe a nitrate. Zowonjezera zawo zimatha kuvuta kwambiri thanzi. Nitrogen ndizofunikira makamaka kwa zikhalidwe zobiriwira, udzu paudzu, mitengo nthawi yamawonekedwe a masamba.
Potashi
Potaziyamu amayenera kuyamwa nayitrogeni. Zimachulukitsa kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni, kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa nitrate, kumayambitsa kukula kwa mizu. Makamaka ndikofunikira pa mizu mbewu ndi kupezerera anzawo. Mwachitsanzo, kaloti, adyo, mauta. Kwa iwo, chizolowezi chikuwonjezeka. Zizindikiro za kuchepa kwa potaziyamu: slim tsinde, kukula pang'onopang'ono, mawanga a bulauni kapena wakuda pa mbale yamapepala. Mphepete mwa pepalalo lifa, lomwe limatchedwa kuti likuwotchedwe. Pulogalamu ya pepala ikupindika ndi chubu.
Nyuzipepala ya Potaziyamu yodziwika bwino kwambiri ndi iyi: "potaziyamu chloride", "Calius Sulfate", "poshing SESNIT".
Zkosphorous
Phosphorous amawonjezera zokolola, zimawonjezera zomwe zili m'makagazi mu zipatso, zimathandizira kusasitsa. Ndi kuchepa kwa chinthucho, zizindikiro zoterezi zimawonedwa: kumera koyipa kwa mbeu, m'mphepete mwa mbale ya tsamba ndi okutidwa ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira. Maluwa ndi mphukira amawonongeka. Zizindikirozi zimachotsedwa ndi "Superphosphate", "superphosphate" ndi ena.
Ndalama zovuta zimakhala ndi zinthu zingapo, zilizonse zomwe zimakhudza. Pakhoza kukhala awiri kapena atatu a iwo, akhoza kuphatikizidwa ndi zinthu zina. Nthawi zambiri m'minda yogwiritsa ntchito "maarammophs", "Nitrophymoph", "Nitroposk" ndi ena. Zogulitsa zimapangidwa mu mawonekedwe ambiri ndi amadzimadzi. Poyamba, uku ndi ufa kapena granules. Zimaperekedwanso malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito, chifukwa kudyetsa kwambiri ndikosavomerezeka ndipo kumatha kukhala koopsa.
Kodi ndi mchere uti womwe umayenera kupangidwa mu kasupe
Nthawi ya masika imakhala yolimba kukhazikitsidwa kwa zovuta za michere. Ndikofunika kuchititsa zisonkhezeke, kuyika zinthu mpaka kuya kwa 200 mm mu njira yopulumutsira.Makhalidwe amtundu uliwonse pamlingo wa mdera la 10 m2
- Nitrogen 300-350. Izi zitha kukhala "ammonium nitrate" kapena "urea".
- Potash 200 g. Potashi selitra ndi yoyenera kapena "potaziyamu chloride".
- Phosphoric 250 g. Mutha kutenga "superphosphate".
Ngati wothandizila bwino ndiwokonzedweratu, mlingo umawerengeredwa ndi zisonyezo wamba. Tiyeni tikhala tikukonzekera pakulima kwa mbewu zazomera.
Kwa sitiroberi ndi sitiroberi
Strawberry mu kasupe amafunikira firiji ndi feteleza wa mchere. Imasungidwa mu magawo. Loyamba limadutsa chisanu chitatsika, koma kale dothi lotentha. Pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse chatsanulira lita ya nitrohammoski yankho. Yakonzedwa, kusungunuka 1 tbsp. Supuni ya ndalama mu 10 malita a madzi. Munthawi ya bootnonuzation ndi kuthira zipatso, potashi ndi ma phosphorous. Mosamalitsa munthawi yoyenera. Kale kutola zipatso ndipo pambuyo pake kugwaku.Pamitengo ya m'munda ndi zitsamba
Spring ya zitsamba ndi mitengo ndiyofunikira kwambiri nayitrogeni, yomwe imathandizira kubiriwira. Chifukwa chake, munthawi yosungunula impso, zimasokonezeka mu bwalo lozungulira. Kwa mitengo yazipatso - plums, yamatcheri, mitengo ya maapulo, komanso yokongoletsa, monga tui kapena tis - mwina zouma pomwe ma granules amawonjezeredwa m'nthaka. Kenako kuthirira kwambiri ndikofunikira.
Zitsamba ndibwino kudyetsa ndi matope amadzimadzi. Kwa gooseberries, rasipiberi kapena currants, 5 malita a madzi adzakhala okwanira. m.
Pambuyo pakutha kwathunthu kwa masamba, kudya modabwitsa kumachitika. Konzekerani Kusakanikirana Kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri pamafupa (yamatcheri, ma plums, alchi) amakonzekera njira 0,5%, ya mtengo, timafunikira 0,02%. Kwa zitsamba za mabulosi, palinso kudyetsa nthawi yambiri. Imachitika mumwezi pambuyo poti woyamba. Kwa kuchiwirili kwachiwiri kudyetsa kasupe wa feteleza wa michere, raspberries, mabulosi akuda, gooseberphas amasungidwa mu 15 g wa "superphosphate" ndi "potaziyamu sulfate". Zowonjezera Zowonjezera Zowonjezera: Bor, manganese, etc.
Kwa mphesa
Kuti mupeze zokolola zambiri, mphesa za kasupe zimafuna kudya feteleza wa mineral. Nthawi yoyamba njirayi idalowetsedwa mu nthawi yoyambirira ya kasupe, ikadachotsa pobisalira. Gawo limodzi. m imapita 120 gr. Superphosphate, 50 g "potaziyamu sulphate" ndi "urea". Zabwino kuwonjezera kompositi ndi phulusa la nkhuni. Sabata musanayambe maluwa, imadyetsedwa ndi njira yothetsera matendawa. Tulutsani mosamalitsa malingana ndi malangizo. Kuzungulira kwachitatu kumachitika patatha masiku 7-10 zipatso zitayamba. Njira yothetsera matenda a "huta potaziyamu" imagwiritsidwa ntchito 1 lita pazake.Zamasamba
Musanadzalemo masamba, muyenera kupanga macro ndi kufufuza zinthu. Monga m'mundamo, amatsukidwa ndi madzi ndipo mbewu zimamverera kuchepa kwawo. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yovuta yomwe ili ndi kuchuluka kofanana, mwachitsanzo, "azophi". Ndikofunikira kuti zinthu zomwe zimayang'ana zidawapeza kuwonjezera pawo. Ma granules kapena ufa umapangidwa ndi njira yowuma, pansi pa poppoop.
Ngati masamba abzalidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha, zopereka zakomweko zimatengedwa njira yabwino kwambiri. Wolima wamaluwa amakonda kutsatsa manyowa obiriwira. Komabe, feteleza wa masika mu wowonjezera kutentha amagwiranso ntchito. Agawidwa kufesa kapena mbande. Nthawi yomweyo, mabwalo amaphatikizidwa ndi nthaka ndikuwazidwa pamwamba pa dziko lapansi kuti mizu isakhudze mankhwala. Nthawi zina kumalitsi kapena zowonjezera zimawonjezera organic.
Kwa maluwa
Maluwa amakhudzidwa ndi organic ndipo nthawi zambiri amasamutsidwa bwino. Chifukwa chake, zosakanizira mchere ndizabwino kwa iwo. Chifukwa chake, kwa osatha monga delphinium, maluwa, chubu ndi ena, ndikofunikira kuti nayitrogeni mu nthawi. Kusungunuka kwa chipale chofewa ndi kuchuluka kwa kutentha m'nthaka, kukonzekera kwa nayitrogeni kumapangidwa. Panthawi ya bootoniation, osakwatiwa ndi osakhazikika amafunikira zosakaniza zonyansa za Potashi.
Agronomas sakulimbikitsidwa kunyalanyaza machitidwe a kasupe kudyetsa mdziko muno ndi dimba. Tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti mawu awo amatengera nyengo. Chifukwa chake, m'madera ndi urals azikhala nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Zonse zimatengera nyengo. Koma zigawo za Macro- ndi kufufuza sikosiyana. Ndalama zosavuta kapena zosavuta zopangidwa ndi malangizo omwe amapatsa maluwa ambiri komanso zokolola zabwino.