Mwachidule za mapangidwe ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa, omangidwa popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zida ndi nthawi yochepa kwambiri
Sinthani kapangidwe ka nyumba ya nyumbayo kulola kuti kapangidwe kake kazimilikiza, kumangidwa pamsika, kumangidwa popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zida ndi nthawi yochepa kwambiri.
Chiphunzitso chochepa
Chofunikira chachikulu, chopezeka kwa okutira, ndi mphamvu komanso kuunika. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kuchuluka kwa zomwe zikuyenera kupirira zomwe zingachitike pokhapokha, komanso popanda kupendekera koyenera (kutalika koyenera kwa kanthawi kotsiriza), ndiye kuti, musasinthe Anthu amasuntha, kusunthira mipando .P.
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1-6. Zotsatira za "involist" zikuchulukirachulukira kuchokera ku Board 15050mm: Makoma a kuwombera (1, 2) amayikidwa pamakoma; Kupita ku gawo la 600mm yolumikizira ma Lags (3); Matanda a mapiri amapanga kuchokera kumabodi ophatikizira (4); Pamwamba pa ma lagi akugona pansi (5, 6).
Kufalikira kwa mapangidwe, kutengera mfundo za katunduyo akuchita. Ndiwo mwambo wogawana mafalidwe ndikuyang'ana. Katundu wogawidwayo watsimikizika ukakonza ntchito, mtengo womwe umayang'anira zikalata zaposachedwa: spiva, gost, digwa.
Kulemedwa kwakukulu kumayambitsa pokhapokha ngati mukukhazikitsa chinthu ndi vuto lalikulu kwambiri: piano (400-600kg), kusamba kawiri (800-1200kg) kapena dziwe la spa (kuchokera 1.5). Nthawi yomweyo ndi pomwe zimapangitsa kuwerengetsa kwamphamvu kwa mphamvu ndi kulongosola kwa olumala. Kuwerengera koteroko kumapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito matebulo apadera kapena mapulogalamu apakompyuta kumapangitsa kuti musankhe gawo labwino kwambiri la mitengo, komanso silingaliro zawo.
Tikuyenda
Kutengera ndi zomangamanga, mitundu iwiri ya zotambalala imagwiritsidwa ntchito: Matanda (pamiyala yamatabwa) kapena konkriti zolimbitsa thupi (pamitengo, ndi mbale, monolithic). Kuti muletse ziphuphu zazikuluzikulu, mitengo yachitsulo nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito (njira, 2-njira).
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7-9. Ukadaulo "Chisinthiko" Polenga ziweto "za chilengedwe" chodula mitengo: mtengo wamphamvu, womwe umakhala ngati maziko a chipika chodzaza (7); Kupitilira mu bar ya 150100mm (8); Kupitilira matabwa ndi matabwa 15050m (9).
Palibe nthawi yovuta yamavuto, kusankha kwaukadaulo wowonjezera kumasonkhezeredwa makamaka ndizachuma. ITo sizodabwitsa, chifukwa mtengo wa zowomba ndi 15-20% ya mtengo wonse wa nyumbayo, ndipo ndalama zogwirira ntchito zimayenda 25% ya mtengo womanga nyumba yonse. Chifukwa chake, ngati mungasankhe kapangidwe kachangu, kupereka magwiridwe antchito okwera kwambiri komanso ukadaulo wamaluso, mutha kuchepetsa kwambiri mtengo womanga.
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10-11. Tekinoloje yodutsa modutsa mtengo 50-80m yayikulu kwambiri ndi kutalika kwa 200-3mm (10, 11) mofanana ndi mawonekedwe a msonkhano wake wa 150 x 50mm. Pewani kugwira ntchito ndi katatu.
12. Mafuta a Osp-omwe amakupatsani mwayi woti muyike makina opanga ndi kulumikizana mwachindunji. Kwa izi, kuzungulira kapena kumapepala kumadulidwa mumiyala.
Kupulumutsa kumalola ndikukana kugwiritsa ntchito zida zokweza. Komabe, pankhaniyi, sizotheka kupulumutsa ndalama ndi chikhumbo: Ngakhale pampu yakwate kapena siteri, kapena konkire siyingangofika pamalo omanga. Kodi Mungakhale Bwanji? Zotsatira zake ndizosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito ma celfps pa matabwa, mitengo yachitsulo kapena yophatikizika kapena pansi pa malo osungirako zachilengedwe amatha kubwezeretsa matabwa osadziwika bwino ndi magulu a slab. Ganizirani za mawonekedwe awo.
Mabokosi ochokera ku Board 15050mm
Chisinthiko chokhudza kugundana pomangana paumwini sichinali chosiyana ndi zovuta, koma m'malo mwake - kuvuta mpaka kulika. Chifukwa chake, mu Russia kukwera, panali kapangidwe kovuta. Chomera chake chachikulu chinali kuthira chachikulu cha Balka, chomwe chimaloledwa pochotsa chisungo chofunikira (pafupifupi 6m m'lifupi popanda kugawana.
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13-15. Kuti mupange zolimba zachangu, zolimba (13) zopangidwa ndi zitsulo zankhondo (ma clamps, mabatani, ngodya za izo .P.) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Khalidwe la kapangidwe limatengera kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo moyenera. Zinthu zoterezi zimakhazikika ndi zojambula (14), ndipo ngati kuli koyenera, zomata zamphamvu kwambiri (15).
Kapangidweka kwasintha pakakhala ukadaulo chifukwa chopanga zokongola kwambiri kuchokera ku bar ndi pansi kuchokera pa bolodi. M'zaka za zana la makumi awiri Kunakambitsidwa ndi mitengo yamiyala ndi mabulosi kuchokera ku bolodi, kenako ndikungokwera bolodi.
Ndiye njira ya "yosakira" ya okonzanso omwe amathandizira omanga nawo. Zotsatira zake zikuchulukirachulukira, popanda kuwerengera komwe kwasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku Board 15050mm yokhazikitsidwa m'mphepete ndi gawo la 600 mm. Lokha la 2-3 quolo- ndipo zofalikira zakonzeka. Nenani nthano? Zoopsa! Tsoka ilo, njira iyi imakulungidwa onse ocheperako, ndi omwe m'lifupi mwake omwe mulifupi kwambiri ndi malire ovomerezeka okwanira kuthana ndi kapangidwe kotere. Izi ndizochepa kwambiri, zimaposa 3m. Iikito saganizira za zotsatirapo zake: Zabwino kwambiri, zopangidwa ndi zolengedwa zimayendetsa, zoyipitsitsa - zimatembenuka. Tsopano tikusintha njira zopita patsogolo.
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16-18. Nthambi (16) zitha kusiya kuwoneka bwino mkati mwake, mutatha kupera ndi kukukuta ndi zotchinga zotchinga, zimaphatikizidwa bwino ndi zinthu zina zomanga ndi mawonekedwe amkati aliwonse (17, 18).
Mabokosi ochokera kumabokosi
Chitani matabwa awa kuchokera pa bolodi ndi makulidwe a 50-80mm ndi m'lifupi mwa 200-300m. Kodi mitengo yotereyi imayenda bwino bwanji? Fotokozani mwachitsanzo. Ndi katundu wa 2,5 kpa ndi sitepe ndi bolodi ya 150 x x 505mm, mutha kudutsa mabens 3m m'lifupi. Ipierere zomwezi bolodi ya 20050mm (yokhazikika, mpaka m'mphepete) idzathandizira kutsidya litakhala ndi zaka 4m, bolodi ndi 2505m- 5m, 5m. Popewa kufalikira, matabwa onse ayenera kulimbikitsa ndi mitsinje yamatabwa. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthuzi kumachepetsa mafuta ophera nkhuni ndi 15-20% poyerekeza ndi mitengo wamba.
Kapena chishango?
Gulani ma board otakasuka (monga mukudziwa, mitengo yomwe simuyenera kukhala ndi ziphuphu zomwe zimachepetsa gawo lathu la mtanda) M'misika yathu siyophweka. Koma mutha kuyitanitsa polojekiti ndi kapangidwe ka zinthu zina kuti apange kuchuluka. Pali mwayi woyitanitsa ndi kuwononga, kukhazikitsidwa ndi matekinoloje anthawi yonse omwe alembedwa mu ndemanga iyi. Atate, momwe tingachitire, tidzaphunzitsidwanso.
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19-21. Mafuta a Shponia ali ndi mawonekedwe a matope otakasuka, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mapulani ndi opanga pomwe akupanga (19-21). Ngati ndi kotheka, zokongoletsa za zinthu zimatha kusintha chifukwa kugwiritsa ntchito kalasi yabwino kwambiri mu zigawo zakunja.
Mitengo yoyatsidwa
Chinsinsi cha ukadaulo ndichakuti m'malo mwa mitengo yotakamwa, matanda opangidwa ndi mpweya kuchokera kukalamba (kuchokera pamapeto pake, zolakwika zimadulidwa). Kutalika kwa mitogetsi kumafika 12m, ndipo kukula kwa gawo kumatha kusiyanasiyana kuchokera ku 14050 mpaka 200200mm. Nthambi zopunthwitsa ndizolimba kuposa zinthu zochokera ku mitengo yolimba ya gawo lomwelo.Mtengo wa LVL
Lvl-timber (kuchokera ku Chingerezi cha Chingerezi chojambula bwino) ndi chojambula chachikulu kwambiri chopangidwa ndi ukadaulo wopangidwa mwamphamvu pokakamizidwa ndi malo ofananira ndi ulusi. Ili ndi mawonekedwe apadera.
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22-24. Pakati pawo, minda yamatabwa imakhazikika pamalumikizidwe (22). Katene iwo amaphatikizidwa ndi ngodya ndikujambula (23). Kukula kwa ndege zopitilira 12m (24).
Chimodzi mwazinthu zabwino zake ndi zosankha zambiri zotalika: m'lifupi - 100-1100mm, kutalika - 2-5-25m, makulidwe - 19-75mm. Chifukwa chake, mitengo ya LVL-mitengo ndiyopambana kwambiri ndi mtengo wolimba ndi wothira. Malingaliro amathandizadi zida zilizonse zodula. Kuperewera kwa imodzi ndi mtengo wokwera. Chifukwa chake, gwiritsani ntchito nthawi ya LVL ndi yopindulitsa yokha ya chipangizo cha nyumba zazikulu-span.
Famu Yodutsa
Minda idapangidwa ku KHVVIV., Kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la makumi awiri. Adapeza kubadwa kwachiwiri. Chifukwa cha zoyesayesa za makampani aku Canada akuchita zomangamanga, mapulogalamu awonekera pamapulogalamu a kuwerengera mafamu amoto, komanso mitsinje ya msonkhano wa gulu lawo.
"Chimango" | 
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"Chimango" | 
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25-26. Pa mtundu wa zokweza zokwezeka, zolondola zogwirizanitsa zawo zimakhudza kwambiri kuguba. Pakutengera kulikonse, kutalika kwa pad yothandizira kuyenera kukhala osachepera 100mm (25). Inch, block kapena konkriti pafupi ndi mtengo "wolanda" (26).
27-28. Njira yodalirika yopangira anthu oyanjana - pomwe mtanda ukadalitsika pa khoma la khoma (27) kapena mtengo wake wa denga (28). Mlanduwu ukhoza kusiyidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo, ndipo mitengoyo imakhazikika ndi misomali kapena zojambula.
Chimodzi mwazinthuzi - Falt-Belt Falm Mitek (Canada) ndi kutalika kwa 350mm. Amapangidwa ndi mitengo youma youma ndi gawo la mtanda wa 10050mm. Kuchuluka kwake ndi 0,1 m3 pa 1m2. Zinthuzo zimaphatikizidwa mu kapangidwe ka makina osindikizira matenda a maliseche (MZP), yomwe imayikidwa mbali ziwiri za mtengo. Pambuyo pamsonkhano wamkati wokulirapo, mayanjano amaikidwa popanda mavuto.
Mafuta a Osp-zochokera (OSB)
Desicali ina yoyambirira yomwe idalowetsedwa nafe ku Canada ndi mtengo wachilendo, wopangidwa mu fakitale kuchokera ku mitengo yamatabwa ndi 8938m mpaka kukula kwa 10mm (gwiritsani ntchito chinyezi cha OSB-3). Ngruks zimatha kupangidwa ndi nkhuni zolimba za miyala yogwirizana (paini, spruce, larch), komanso kuchokera ku matabwa owonda kapena a LVL.
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11. Pazinthu zonse zomwe zatchulidwa m'nkhaniyi, pali album ya maluso a ukadaulo wokwera mitengo mpaka konkriti (29), chipika (30) ndi njerwa.
Popanga Matanda a Ospors, ofunikira omwe amasungunuka amasungunuka pa migodi, ndipo ma poirowo ndi spikes ndi mphamvu m'malekezero awo. Kukonzekera kumapangidwa palimodzi ndi wina ndi mnzake kuti apangitse chivundikiro chosatha, chomwe chimakhala chofunda cha kutalika kwake chimadulidwa. Kenako, mu mipiringidzo, poyambira kaitali kakang'ono kamatambasulidwa, ndipo m'mbali mwa mbali yayitali ya spike yaosp-band. Pambuyo pake, magawo atatu opatsidwa kupsinjika, kulandira mitengo yakunja (opanga ena amakonzekereratu magawo ndi zitsulo). Kutalika kwa mitengo yomalizidwa - 241-457mm, kutalika - mpaka 12m. Ali ndi misa yaying'ono (kutalika kwa 6m kumalemera 40kg), ndipo chifukwa cha gawo lalikulu la Awiri, zisonyezo zapamwamba za mphamvu ndi kukana kugwada.
Mitengo yazitsulo
Mapangidwe a mitengo ya HTS-, omwe adabwera kwa ife kuchokera ku Germany, nthawi zambiri amakhala ofanana ndi omwe amangoganizirani: M'gawo lomwe ali pamtanda, otsika ndi otsika kwambiri omwe amapangidwa ndi mitengo. AVOT yolumikiza khoma lawo silikupangidwa ndi mbale ya ma ross, koma kuchokera ku zitsulo zokhala ndi zitsulo 0,5 mm zokutira ndi poling (mtundu wavy umatsimikizira kukhazikika kwa mtengo ndi mikhalidwe yayitali). Pasakhale makoma ngati amenewa, koma awiri (ali mtunda wa 15-20mm). Kupatula apo, mtengo wokhala ndi makhoma awiri ndikukana bwino zokhala ndi chofanana ndi chimodzi.
Mabowo muospo ndi mitengo ya HTS
"HTS-Rusland" | 
"HTS-Rusland" | 
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32. Ngati ndi kotheka (zimatsimikiziridwa ndi zojambulajambula za makoma a nyumba ndikuwerengera), malekezero a mitengo ya HTSs akhoza kulimbikitsidwa ndi ma pcp-a pcp-mu makulidwe a 9-15mm.
33-34. Pofuna kupewa kukhazikika kapena kupotoza mitengo ya HTS pakati pawo, ndi gawo lina, lowani kuchokera ku mitengo yomwe ili ndi ma hts-33) kapena okwera. Mtundu wofunikira wa maubwenzi ndi sitepe yawo imatsimikiziridwa ndi kuwerengera mukamapanga.
Tekinoloje yolumikiza makhoma ndi mashelufu ndizosiyananso. Pamtunda wam'mphepete mwa mafinya a wavy ndi gawo la 50mm, mano amawonjezeredwa, komwe kumaya kuya kwa 20 mm kudzakanikizidwa mu nkhuni. Kutalika kwa mitengo ya zitsulo ndi 180-490mm, kutalika - mpaka 24m. Kulemera 1 M-7-27kg.
Zitsulo zazitsulo
Uwu ndiukadaulo wina waku Canada. Kuchulukitsa kumasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku maenetsi alatiki opangidwa mu fakitale kuchokera ku zitsulo zopepuka (makulidwe - 0,8-2 mm) malembedwe a C- ndi P.
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"Genesis - Tala" | 
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35. Chida choluka cha mitengo ya Ispan 2-Level.
36-37. Pazambiri zopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma ispan (36) mapangidwe a C-Stoel Steel (37), imatha kuyikidwa ngati malo ogona pansi ndi pansi kuchokera ku Osp mbale kapena pansi. Kuuma kochepetsedwa kumachepetsedwa, kumalumikizidwa ndi mashelufu otsikira matabwa omwe ali paphiri.
Kuchita mapanelo oterowo, osapanga popanda kapangidwe. Pakadali pano, kompyuta imazindikira kukula ndi makulidwe a mbiri yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito (kutalika kwawo ndi 254-300mm, kutalika kwa mashelufu - 32-76mm). Kuphatikiza apo, idzawerengera masinthidwe ndi kuchuluka kwa mapanelo ndikupereka phukusi la zolembedwa, kuvomerezedwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito mzere wa ozizira ozizira.
Atalandira lamulo loti mzere woterewu udzaphuka kuchokera ku zitsulo zogubuduza zogulira ziwerengero za mbiri, chilichonse chomwe chizikhala kutalika. Nthawi yomweyo, mabowo onse ofunikira adzaumitsidwa (chifukwa cha izi, madera a kompyuta ndi magetsi ayenera kuyikidwa pakompyuta).
Kuphatikiza apo, ogwira ntchito paderali amagwiritsa ntchito zomangira zodzikongoletsera zomwe zili ndi mainchesi 4-6mm adzasonkhanitsidwa ku malembawo ndi njira zolumikizirana. Mapanelo akulu - pafupifupi 50kg / m2.
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"Columbus" | 
"Chimango" |
38-39. Mafuta ang'onoang'ono amaikidwa pamanja pakhoma mu gawo lofanana ndi m'lifupi mwake mabodi (38). Kenako malo pakati pa mitengoyo amakhala odzazidwa kwathunthu. Pamwamba pa iwo, m'dera lonse la tatlap, gridi yolimbikitsidwa imayikidwa ndi ma cell a 100100mm kuchokera ku waya ndi dia-meter 4-6m. Mapangidwe ophatikizidwa amathiridwa ndi konkriti B20 (M250), yomwe imakakamizidwa kuti iphatikizidwe (kumwa konkriti ndi pafupifupi 0,1 M3 pa 1.1 pa 1m2).
40. Maos-Black Tsamba 241 ndi 302mm adapanga makamaka kuti agwiritse ntchito m'nyumba yokhala ndi mitanda yaifupi, mitengo yokhala ndi nyumba zazikuluzikulu za 356-452mm.
Posachedwa, mitengo ya ispan idawonekera pamsika wathu, adalinganizidwa mwapadera pomanga ziweto zolumikizirana. Amachitidwanso chifukwa chokhala ndi chitsulo chambiri ndi makulidwe a 1.5-2.2 mm. Mwakutero, ndi njira yopangidwa kuchokera ku bandwidth ya 250-600mm ndi mbiri ya P-Scores, omwe adazimitsidwa kuchokera kumbali ziwiri m'mbali mwa mbali zapamwamba komanso m'munsi. Popanga mitengo, mabowo ogona amadulidwa. Mapangidwe ochulukirachulukira ndi kutumiza kwa mtengowo akuchitika ndi Genesis (Canada).
Wosankhidwa-Woolithic
Pamtima pa gulu la osonkhanitsa-monolithic kuchuluka kwa ukadaulo uwu, zinthu zinayi. Izi ndi zolimbikitsira mitengo yokhazikika yokhala ndi chiwonetsero chambiri mu mawonekedwe a famu yowunikira, mabodi okhazikika, mauna olimbikitsa ndi wosanjikiza wowongoka wa monolithic.
Kukula kwa marco
Lamba wa simenti;
2- chotupa;
3- Mtengo wopangidwa ndi mphamvu;
4- konki ya kolithicitic;
Grid grid;
6- Stofu kawiri (chithovu cha polystyrene).
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4144. Pamene ubweya wamchere utabzala, njira yotchedwa kusandana imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pamayendedwe awo: Konzekerani chotsani chinyezi kuti isunge pakati pa magawo atatu ( makulidwe athunthu - 150mm) adakulunga kapena slab scring yomwe ikukutidwa ndi vield yotchinga (43). Kenako amalumikizana ndi mitengo yotsika kuchokera ku Os puls mbale kapena plywood yokhala ndi makulidwe a 18-20mm (44).
Njira yodziwikiratu imawonetsedwa mwatsatanetsatane pazithunzi. Tingowonjezerani kuti, pomwe polemba zotsatira za kapangidwe kake, zikuwoneka bwino kwambiri zimapangidwa kukhala ndi mawonekedwe a nthiti. Mzere wamfupi wa nthiti zilizonse umaphatikizapo mtengo wowoneka bwino wowoneka bwino, womwe udadzuka pamtanda uliwonse ndi "ulusi wa" watatu "(wotsirizayo umakhala wolimbikitsa pamtengo wa monolithic). Matanda ndipo adzanyamula katundu wogwira ntchito kuthwa (mpaka 600kgs / M2).
Kodi kufinya, kupangidwira katundu wambiri? Palibe mavuto! Ikusonkhanitsidwa ndi ukadaulo wofananayo, ingogwiritsa ntchito mitengo yowoneka bwino yokhala ndi kutalika kwa 200mm, ndi papulatifomu yapamwamba ya 200mm, ndipo "kukulitsa" kwa glued (mwachitsanzo, chithovu cha polystyrene). Zotsatira zake, mitengoyo idaponya ku Nenkrete adzakhala wamkulu, chifukwa chake adzasangalala kwambiri.
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45-47. Njira zodziwika bwino: pakati pa ma logs, zimapangidwa ndi kukonzekera komwe kumakutidwa ndi zinyezi zogulira (45), zotchinga (46) zimayikidwa pamwamba. Koma ndizotheka kugona tulo ndi gawo (47) ndikuyigwiritsa ntchito.
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti ukadaulo wosonkhanitsa alipo m'njira zina: Albert (Germany), TEAL (Poland), Dalas (Russia) amadziwika. Ponena za kugwiritsa ntchito mitengo yowunikira, ndizofanana kwambiri wina ndi mnzake. Kusiyana kwazinthu zomwe zili m'magawo a Hollow: Ceramics Cerigis, Ceramzitobenone, thovu simenti.d. M'malingaliro athu, mabatani oyambilira kwambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito muukadaulo "Marco". Amapangidwa ndi polystyrene chopukutira, motero 1MP 2 yowonjezera ija imalemera 230-348KG, yomwe ili 80-100kg yocheperako. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonjezeka kwa njira iyi sikufunikira kutentha kwina ndikukhala ndi malingaliro omveka.
Njira Zisanu Zofunikira
Masiku ano, pali makampani ambiri pamsika womanga, wokonzeka kuthandiza wopanga: Apanga ndi kupanga tsatanetsatane wofunikira kuti apange zida zopanda zida komanso nthawi yochepa. Kulamula kapangidwe kotere, muyenera kuchita masitepe asanu okha.1. Sankhani mtundu wa kuchuluka kwachangu.
2. Tsegulani nyumba kunyumba ndikuyendera ofesi ya kampani yomwe ikupereka.
3. Kuuza wogwira ntchito ya kampaniyo chifukwa cha vuto lomwe mungakuyang'ane ndi kuti mupange zomwe mungapange nyumba, ndikulongosola zinthu zofunikira kwambiri komanso zomwe zatchulidwa kale, bafa yotchulidwa kale It.p.). Mudzayankha mwachangu ngati kampaniyo ithe kuthetsa nkhaniyi, ndipo idzaitanitsa mtengo woyamba wa ntchito. Kenako mupanga ntchito yopanga (TK) kuti mulembe.
4. Yembekezerani ntchito yopanga (50- 300 rubles / m2, nthawi zina kuchuluka kwake kungaphatikizidwe pamtengo watsatanetsatane). Wopanga dongosolo lanu la TK lisankhe mitengo ya gawo lolingana, muziziika ndi gawo lofunikira ndikupanga zojambula zojambula. Nthawi yogwirira ntchito - masiku 1-3.
5. Ntchitoyo ikakonzeka, mudzalengeza ndendende ndalama. Masabata 2-4 milungu itatha kuyitanitsa (mawuwa amatengera voliyumu yake ndi zovuta za kapangidwe kambiri) mudzalandira tsatanetsatane wa zomwe zimapangidwa.
Kuchulukitsa malangizo oikika, komanso albums ya njira zothetsera zolimbana ndi makoma, ndikupanga pansi ndikuti, ngati, mungawayike kuti ayitanitse, makankhidwe abwino). Aexhares a masiku 1-2 mutha kuyenda mozungulira mozungulira. Ngati mukukayika kuti omanga anu adzathanirana ndi msonkhano wake, itanani gulu lankhondo la opanga (mtengo wa ntchito yake ndi 15-40% ya mtengo wa makonzedwe) kapena kuvomera kuyikapo kwa kukhazikitsa.
Kutentha ndi kukhazikika
Kuchulukana ndikololedwa kugwirizanitsa mbali zonse ziwiri za kapangidwe kake ndi zitatha izi. Pali njira zingapo zogwiritsira ntchito kapangidwe kake pa magawo awa. Ubwino waukulu wa njira yolankhulidwa ndi njira yotambalala ndi kuphweka ndi kuthamanga kwa kukhazikitsa. Zovuta ndikuti kusokonekera kumapezeka pakati pa mitengo, "arc" ndipo sizikhala pafupi nawo. Ngati kuwonongeka kumapangidwa ndi mafamu, kusankha kumeneku sikuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito konse, chifukwa kusokonekera sikugwera mu zinthu za famuyo, ndipo chifukwa chake amakhala "milatho" yozizira. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zotchingira, pambuyo pake zimakutidwa ndi nthunzi ya Steam yomwe imayika makulidwe, kenako pansi.
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48-51. Kukhazikitsa kwa kuperewera kwa njira ya "kulumidwa" kumawoneka ngati chonchi. Wokhazikitsa malo okhazikika amakhala pafupi ndi kukhazikitsa (48), kupereka ntchito yake yanthawi yake komanso kukweza kwa zinthuzo. Enawo amadzuka ndi payipi pa chinthucho, chimapangitsa kuti pakhale chotchinga chotchinga, kuphimba patseketse pakati pa mitengo (49), ndikuyika mtundu wa kudzazidwa kwapakati. Mu zotumphukira kwambiri, kutukuka kwamafuta kumangothiridwa ndi wosanjikiza wa makulidwe opatsidwa ndi makulidwe (51).
Kutentha kopitilira kumapeto kwa ntchito yomanga bwino kwambiri. Kuyenda pakati pa ma logs okhala ndi stopler kumakhazikika ndi chotchinga cha vapor. Kenako, ma mbale a ubweya waubweya amatulutsa zopangira zimadulidwa, m'lifupi mwakemwe ukufanana ndi gawo, ndikuwayika pang'ono kuzimita pakati pa mitengo. Kuchokera ku kugwa (ayenera kukhala ndi chiwongola dzanja) kumagwira mashelufu apansi pa maschelas kapena mipiringidzo yokhotakhota. Pambuyo pake, ndikofunikira kuti mukwaniritse mwachangu chosanjikiza cha nthenga.
Njira zofananira ndi zotentha kwambiri komanso mothandizidwa ndi chithovu cha polystyrene. Mlanduwu ukhoza kusiyidwa ndi Vurislation, ndipo mipata ikusindikiza chithovu chonyamula.
Kuphatikiza kwathu tidzanena za kukhazikitsa kwa mafuta okumbika mwa njira ya "zinthu". Zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazomwe zimachitika ngati malo oyimilira (zimatengedwa kupita patsamba, ndipo kwakanthawi ilo), motero foni imayikidwa pagalimoto, ndipo imasuntha.
Pakuti "stiffness" ntchito mitundu iwiri ya kutchinjiriza opangidwa ku Russia: "Equata" ndi "Integrated Ubweya". Equata ndi 80% anapeka ulusi mapadi (iwo analandira kuchokera pepala zinyalala) ndi 20% - kuchokera zina, pakati limene odana view (bora) ndi antiseptic (boric acid). Katundu wa kutchinjiriza iyi: mawonekedwe owoneka bwino - 0.038-0.040w / (M x k), gulu lazophatikiza, 35-5kg / m3. "Katswiri ubweya" chinapezeka mwa akupera mbale kapena mphasa ya mchere zipangizo kutentha chimateteza, sanali pochitika kupanga mankhwala pa kusatsatira zamitundu, kachulukidwe osakwanira wa IT.P., koma ndi dongosolo yachibadwa ya ulusi. Makhalidwe: matenthedwe madutsidwe - 0.040-0.042W / (M X K), gulu la kuyaka, kachulukidwe, 28-40kg / M3. mankhwala onse ali mmatumba opanikizika (wothinikizidwa nthawi 4-6, omwe amachepetsa ndalama zoyendera), ndi pamaso ntchito kachiwiri kugwetsera.
Kususuka kumadzaza ma void onse omwe analipo, ndikupanga osanjikiza mosalekeza. Palibe mfundo ndi kusintha, mwachizolowezi pamene khazikitsa kutchinjiriza matenthedwe mu njira ya makolo. Chifukwa chake, "Gangwe" chifukwa chosatheka kukhala choyenera kuyika mafamu. Mtengo wa ntchito (kuphatikizapo kutchinjiriza), malingana ndi osalimba a atagona, 1600-1800rub. / M3.
Ena katundu wa overlaps zoduliratu
| Onani padenga | Kupanga | Zolemba malire kutalika kukonzanso yokutidwa span, mamita | Makulidwe a maziko a zochulukirapo, mm | Misa ya 1M yamtengo / 1m2 yopitilira, kg | Katundu wovomerezeka wovomerezeka wokulirapo, KGF / M2 * | Mtengo 1M2, pakani |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blackboard m'lifupi 200-300mm | "Dub'ava" | 5.5 | 200-300 | 6-8 / 15-30 | 400-800 | 1000-2000 |
| Mitengo yoyatsidwa | "Dub'ava" | 12 | 160-540 | 9-15 / 36-100 | 1000-2500 | 1500-5000 |
| Mafuta kuchokera ku LVL. | "Dub'ava" | khumi zisanu ndi zitatu | 140-1100 | 10-25 / 40-150 | 1000-3000 | 2700-9500 |
| Famu yamatabwa | "Zomveka" | 6. | 450. | 6-12 / 10-20. | 1500-3000 | 1260-1520 |
| Mafuta a OsP | "Chimango" | khumi chimodzi | 241-457 | 3.3-5.4 / 40-150 | 150-1500 | 600-1200. |
| HTs Nyeta | "HTS-Rusland" | makumi awiri | 230-590. | 6.8-17.1 / 10.8-27.3 | 500-1500. | 780-2000 |
| Mbiri Yachitsulo | "Genesis - Tala" | 7 (C-Mbiri) 12 (ispan) | 254. 200-600 | 5/25 1920 | 300-400 800-1000 | 800-1200 1500-25000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000. |
| Wasonkhanitsidwa-monolithic | "Columbus" | 9...6 | 250-350 | 13-17 / 230-340. | 1300. | 1100-1250 |
| * Ndi Elaboation yoyenera. |
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