M'mayiko a Germany ndi Scandinavia, nyumba zapamwamba ndi nyumba zapamwamba zochokera m'mapapu kuchokera pamapilo owala ndi zotchuka kwambiri, zomwe ndi khoma lonse kapena chidutswa chachikulu cha khoma, madenga, madenga. Ukadaulo womangawu uli ku Russia. Tikulankhula za zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito, zabwino ndi zovuta zomwe zimayambitsa nyumba zothawa kwawo.
Mosamala, nyumba yokonzekereratu ikutanthauza chimango, ndipo malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa factory Kufikira Kufalikira - Kumanga Mmodzi Mwapadera, Windows ndi Zitseko, Ndi Zitseko Zovala ndi zolankhula zina, nthawi zina - zida zapamwamba.
Zinthu za gulu la National
Zinthu zazikulu za gulu la National Time ndi ma panels akunja, magawo ndi zowonjezera, komanso zikopa za denga. Nthawi zambiri zimafunikira magawo ndi chimanga. Kukula kwa mapanelo kumangongoganizira za momwe zinthu ziliri kokha, ndiye kuti, kutalika kwa aliyense kumatha kufikira 12 m, ndipo kutalika kwake ndi ofanana ndi malo amodzi ndipo samapitilira 3.2 m). Nyanjayi iyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu yokwanira komanso yokhwima kuti itha kukhazikitsidwa mu polojekiti ndi crack crane. Kulondola kwa kupanga ndikofunikira kwambiri, popanda komwe nyumba imangosungidwa. Kumbali ya code iliyonse, zinthu zolumikizira zimaperekedwa (mwachitsanzo, mabowo a bolt) ndi ma groove owoneka ngati p-obowoka kapena malo osokoneza.
Nthawi zambiri, nyumba ya Panel ndi mafupa amtundu wa nsanja. Ndiye kuti, makoma a pansi lililonse amachokera ku zokulirapo, mapanelo omwe ali ndi mphamvu.
Khonde (torrace) limadalira pamaziko a maziko ndi nyumbayo ndipo amapangidwa ndi chimango chambiri kapena galasi. Masamba a kutsogolopa amakhazikitsidwa asanakwere padenga.
Gawo lalikulu lamisonkhano limatha pomwe zishango zodetsedwa zimayikidwamo ndipo zokutira padenga zimayikidwa. Imakhalabe ndi ma netiweki apainjiniya ndikulumikiza nyumbayo kuti zigwirizane.
Chipangizo cha panel
Malinga ndi kapangidwe kake (chiwerengero ndi zinthu za wosanjikiza wa sangweji), gulu limakhala losiyanasiyana, koma nthawi zonse limaphatikizapo zinthu zolimba, zotchinga ndi zotchinga zamafuta.Nthiti yowuma
Ribra riboni, monga lamulo, imachitika kuchokera ku nkhuni zouma kwambiri ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, mankhunje kapena matabwa kapena miyala yophatikizika imagwiritsidwa ntchito, ngati kuli koyenera, kungoyenda. Gawo lamphamvu lomwe lili m'makoma ndipo padenga sayenera kupitirira 600 mm, m'mindo - 300 mm.
Kuphika
Chopondera nthawi zambiri chipboard. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kuti zinthuzo ili ndi satifiketi ya kutsatira kwa Gost 10632-2014 (mbale yamkati iyenera kukhala gulu la formaldehyde e 1). Kulimba kwambiri komanso kumbali ya moto wamoto kuchokera ku CSP, yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Tamak.
Panel yokhala ndi zigawo ziwiri zosanjikiza (mtundu wa ubweya wa miyala + wa WindProoooof DvP) ndi mathamukidwe.
Panel yokhala ndi zingwe zosafunikira za ubweya wa mchere, kuthirira ndi PCP ndikumaliza.
Gulu lokhala ndi ubweya wamafuta awiri, osapanga, koma ndi chepetsa kuchokera bolodi yozungulira (nthawi ya matabwa).
Kukhazikitsa Osanjikiza
Chosanjikiza chachikulu chofiyira ndi chotchinga. M'mzere pakati, mapanelo a khoma nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mwayi wokhala ndi ubweya wa ubweya wokhala ndi ma minerel pafupifupi 150 mm (padenga 200 mm (wosanjikiza wa 200 mm). Kutulutsa komveka kwa kukula kwa 100 mm kuyenera kuperekedwa mu ma innels a 100 mm kuphatikiza tsabola wosanjikiza wa fiberboard ya fiberker, kapena zina zofananira ndi katundu.
Kuchokera kumbali ya nyumba, mosasamala kanthu za ubweya wa michere, michere ya mchere iyenera kutetezedwa ndi mpweya wa anthu kuti upangidwe, kuchokera ku chinyezi nembanemba ndi chepetsa. Nthawi yomweyo, ngati kumaliza kapena kusanja kuli ndi kukana kwamphamvu kwa nthunzi (pulasitiki kapena simenti ya simenti), kusiyana kwa mpweya mpweya kumaperekedwa pansi pake.
Kutulutsa kwina konse ndi chithovu chosasangalatsa cha polyustyrene. Sikuopa chinyezi ndipo, kuwonjezera apo, kumakupatsani mwayi kuti mutole mapanelo ndi njira yodalirika yodalirika (m'magawo omwe ali ndi michere ya michere, yolumikizidwa ndi zomangira). Maungwe, nthawi zina amagwiritsa ntchito Zotchinga zofewa (ndi zotchinga zotchinga zotchinga zakunja ndi chitetezo chakunja pa chinyezi). Ichi ndi ukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri waku Germany womwe wayesedwa ndi nthawi komanso m'mikhalidwe yathu.
Nyumba mu kalembedwe ka bann House yokhala ndi makulidwe awiri, omwe amamangidwa malinga ndi ukadaulo wa ternom.
Magawo amkati okhala ndi makulidwe pafupifupi 10 cm odzazidwa ndi chitofu chofewa chamitchire, kupereka phokoso la mpweya pafupifupi 32 DB. Izi ndizokwanira kukhala omasuka.
Makampani omanga nyumba, mitengo ndi nthawi
Popanga mapanelo akulu-mawonekedwe ku Europe, mizere yamphamvu yamphamvu imagwiritsidwa ntchito, yopangidwa kuti ibweretse nyumba zikwi zingapo pachaka. Njira yotereyi imapereka mtengo wotsika wa nyumbayo, koma zida zodzipangira zokhazokha zimangolipira ndalama zotsika pang'ono mkati mwa zida zamapulogalamu. Ku Russia, mizereyi itakhazikika pafupifupi zaka 5 zapitazo ku Tombov ndi Perza adalemedwa osakwana 10%. Zotsatira zake, makampani athu adapita njira ya kupanga zigawo, koma osabetcha misa wamba, mtundu wa nyumba, mphamvu zawo, njira zamakono.
Makampani opanga magulu amtundu wa dziko (Bako, Tamak, Holmstad, etc.), monga lamulo, kupereka lamulo, perekani makasitomala kusankha imodzi mwa ma projekiti omwe amapezeka ndi malo. Unyinji wa nyumba wamba uli ndi gawo la 70-130 m2. Ngati ndi kotheka, polojekitiyi imatha kumaliza (nthawi zambiri pamalipiro owonjezera) - "curler", perekani bafa linanso kapena kuwonjezeka. Zocheperako Zocheperako, zokulirapo zomwe zimaperekedwa zimapereka kampani, koma mtengo wa nyumba 1 m2 ukuwonjezekanso.
Ku Russia, mtengo wa 1 m2 wa gulu la Palnel akuyandikira ma ruble 20,000. Nyama ya mtundu wamba ya mtundu wa Chifinishi, monga lamulo, zimawononga 20-30% zotsika mtengo.
Makampani ena, monga nyumba ya Martin, amatha kupanga ndikusonkhanitsa nyumbayo mwakulojekiti: Wopanga ayenera kukonzekera malingaliro a wopanga ndipo pamtengo wanyumbayo umabwera ndi zomangamanga.
Mukamayitanitsa mapanelo opanda zitseko, mazenera ndi kumaliza, nthawi yomanga ikuwonjezeka, koma nthawi zina motere zimatha kupulumutsidwa kutengedwa kwambiri.
Nkhani yofunsirayo idasankhidwa, kampani imayamba kupanga mapanelo. Nthawi yomweyo, maziko angakonzedwe, nthawi zambiri slab kapena boilers. Izi zimagwira ntchito pafupifupi miyezi iwiri. Komabe, nyumba yaying'ono (mpaka 70 m2) Makampani ena amakhoza kukonzekera msonkhano mu masabata angapo. Ngati ntchitoyo iyenera kugwira ntchito moyenera komanso pa ntchito yokonzera palibe nthawi, imadula maziko a Pile polyethylene kapena ma gaskets ena.
Misonkhano yanyumba imachitika ndi gulu la anthu asanu. Masamba owonjezera apansi amatulutsa galimotoyo ndikuyika ndi kung'ambika kuchokera ku bar malinga ndi milu.
Kenako pitirizani kuyika makoma.
Njira ina yopendekera pansi mofulumira imakhazikika pakugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe ogwirizana. Tekinolojiyi imayimiriridwa pamsika wathu "inni", "Karcas +", ndi ena. Mawu ake. ya chitsulo kapena matabwa omwe mafupa a nyumba wamba amangidwa. Nthawi yomweyo, nthawi yomanga yonse yomanga nthawi zambiri imakhala yocheperako kuposa njira yayikulu yonyamula, makamaka ngati kupezeka kwa ma module nthawi zonse kumasungidwa. Kukamba kwawo ndi kutsitsa kwawo sikuchititsa mavuto, komanso msonkhano, kufinya komanso kuchepa kwa sabata limodzi mpaka 100 m2. Masabata ena awiri adzafunika kumaliza, kukhazikitsa mawindo, zitseko ndi "ulemerero".
Momwe Mungayang'anire Ntchito Yantchito
Kugula kwa nyumba yayikulu ndi yofanana kakang'ono kofanana ndi zomangamo: ntchito yambiri yobisika apa pamachitika, ndipo msonkhano womwe uli pamsonkhanowu umapangidwira mwachangu kuti ngakhale katswiri yemwe nthawi zina samatha kutsatira ntchito zonse. Ndipo muyenera kuyang'anira ndi kuyang'anira!
Ndikofunikira kwambiri kukambirana ndi kampani yochezera ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mapangidwe a gululi amagwirizana ndi zojambulazo. Kodi zida zomwe zalembedwazo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndikuti ali abwino: palibe ming'alu yamatabwa, ma sheet satsimikiza, chitetezo cham'madzi osasokonezeka.
Kutenga zomangamanga zokonzekera, kuyang'ana mosamala malizani, onani mawindo onse, zitseko ndi zida. Ngati nyumba zopereka nyumba zanyumba, ntchito yabwino idzagwiritsa ntchito njira yapanyumba, yomwe mungapezere zofooka zambiri zophimba.
Panels fakitale nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zofooka zazikulu, nthawi zambiri ukwati umaloledwa pantchito yokhazikitsa, motero msonkhano uyenera kuwunikidwa mosamala.
Ngakhale kuwongolera chidwi, pali chiwopsezo chakuti simudzaona ukwati womwe wapangidwa mu kupanga ndi msonkhano. Ngati kukhulupirika kwa nthunzi kumasweka, kapena mapepala a zinthu zofowoka amatsekedwa bwino, kapena zikwangwani za madontho adzatseka chilolezo cha malo, nyengo. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti muganizire zanyumba ikambirane. Njira Yokwanira ndi nthawi ya zidole zisanu ndi theka yopanga ndi ntchito yokhazikitsa ndi chitsimikizo cha zaka 2 pazinthu zaukadaulo.
Ngakhale panali malo ambiri owoneka bwino, nyumba zapakhomo zimagwirizana ndi zofunikira zamakono zotchinga zamafuta, ndi ndalama zotenthetsera nthawi yozizira sizidutsa 50 w / sq. M.
