Timakhumudwitsa zifukwa zoyipitsidwa ndi matupi amadzi, njira zomwe zilipo ndikulimbikitsa zida zapadera.
Mkhalidwe wamadzi mu reservoir ndi imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu za mwini wake. Munkhani tikunena chiyani ndipo chifukwa chiyani malo osungirako amadetsedwa, momwe mungayeretsere dziwe ndi manja awo komanso mothandizidwa ndi zida zapadera.
Zonse zoyeretsa dziwe pa chiwembucho
Mitundu yamadziMitundu ya kuipitsa
Zifukwa zake
Zizindikiro za madzi apamwamba
Opanga zida zapadera
Njira Zoyeretsa
- Zazitsulo
- Zachilengedwe
- Mankhala
- Mothandizidwa ndi nyali za UV
- Kusintha Madzi
Sankhani Zofananira
Kuletsa maluwa a algae
Chisamaliro chowonjezera
Mitundu yamadzi yamadzi
Madziwe amatha kugawidwa m'magulu angapo. Loyamba limaphatikizapo malo omwe safika 100 m2. Akatswiri amoyo a Biology akunena za zachilengedwe zomwe "zimavuta kwambiri kukwaniritsa zachilengedwe zosiyanasiyana chifukwa chochepa kwambiri. Ntchito yofunikira ya maweto awa imayenera kusungidwa ndi kusefedwa kosalekeza. Pakakhala kusamalira moyenera mu malo osungirako, padzakhala kutuluka kwa maluwa a algae obiriwira ndi zami. Ndi "masiketi" ndi maiwe ambiri omwe amapanga m'masamba. Makamuwo nthawi zambiri amakhumudwitsidwa chifukwa cha kutanthauza tanthauzo la anthu oterewa a gulu lake. Sikofunika kukhumudwitsidwa, chifukwa liwu ndi chida chaluso cha katswiri ndipo limakupatsani mwayi wopanga dongosolo labwino komanso lomveka.
Madziwe okhala ndi malo oyambira 100 m2 mpaka magulu angapo amatanthauza "dziwe". Nawonso, akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu: malo ang'onoang'ono (ochokera ku 100 mpaka 1,000), sing'anga (1,000-5,000 m2) ndi akulu (opitilira 5,000). Mwa iwo onse (malinga ndi momwe adamangidwira mwaluso komanso kuchulukana ndi nsomba ndi zamasamba) ndizotheka kukhalabe ndi chilengedwe chachilengedwe. Ndiye kuti, njira yofananira ndi njira yotsekedwa, yogwiritsira ntchito modziyimira pawokha, yomwe imathandizidwa ndi kufanana kwake chifukwa cha zachilengedwe zamkati. Muzosefera zojambula (pogwiritsa ntchito zosefera zapadera) Zidzangofunika nthawi zina, mwachitsanzo, panthawi yamkuntho yamphamvu ya algae. Zowona, maiwe akuluakulu akulu ku Russia ndizosowa, amatha kupanga eni malo oweta m'magulu angapo.
Tilankhula za zovuta zoyeretsa matupi amadzi odziwika bwino kwambiri - kuchokera kumapulogalamu ang'onoakulu okongoletsera madziwe omwe ali ndi madziwe okwana 1,000-2,000 m2.
Pofuna kupewa kuipitsa, kumafunikira chisamaliro chosalekeza. Choyamba, muyenera kupatula m'madzi a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zodetsa zamakina. Ngati ndinu dokotala wabwino, ndiye kuti mutha kukhalabe ndi zotsalira zanu popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zida zilizonse. Okonda Maluwa okonda nthawi zambiri amayeretsedwa ndi zida zosiyanasiyana.
Mitundu ya kuipitsa
Pali zochitika zingapo zingapo. Choyamba chotsekedwa ndi zinyalala - masamba owonongeka, tchizi, nthambi, mapesi owuma a mbewu, mungu, komanso zinyalala zina zapakhomo. Zinyalala zonsezi zimasungidwa pamwamba pamadzi kwa masiku angapo, kenako kumira ndikuyamba kuvunda. Kachiwiri, dziwe limawonedwa lodetsedwa, lomwe limalimbikitsidwa ndi filimu yamafuta. Nthawi zambiri imanunkhira zoyipa. Imanunkhira bwino komanso kuchokera m'matupi amadzi okhala ndi madzi otumphukira kwambiri.
Mtundu wotsatirawu ndi kutayika kwa mitundu ya mitundu ya mitundu, ndiye kuti, kudzaza zotsalazo mu mtundu umodzi wa masamba, zomwe zimangokhala zovuta zonse. Zikatero, muyenera kuyang'ana momwe mungayeretse dziwe ndi ini, phoze (chomera ichi cha masamba a Brown) chomwe chimakhala ndi cholakwika), algae obiriwira, amaunikira kwambiri Kwa nyama, nsomba ndi poizoni wa anthu).
Kuchulukitsa kwamafuta ochulukirapo mu malo osungirako ndi chizindikiro china cha kuipitsidwa kwake.
Mwamwayi, sizili bwino kawiri kawiri chifukwa cha mankhwala osiyanasiyana (mwachitsanzo, mankhwala osokoneza bongo). Mavuto oterowo akuwopseza nyanja, yomwe imabwezeredwa ndi madzi oyenda m'misewu yodzaza, kapena ili m'malo okhala ndi mabizinesi ambiri. Mwachisawawa chomenyera m'madzi ochepa mwa mafuta ochepa kuchokera pa wowotchera udzu suli wowopsa - umasaloweretsedwa mwachangu ndi ma microorganisms okhala m'madzi.
Pomaliza, chosungiramo chomwe nsomba zimadwala kwambiri kapena ntchentche, sizili bwino.
Kuchokera pazinthu zachilengedwe, zonyansa zimawerengedwa kuti nyanjayi, zachilengedwe zomwe zimachokera ku zofanana. Inde, ndi za kutaya kwa kufanana kumeneku kukuwonetsa kuti ali ndi vuto lililonse.
Zomwe Zimayambitsa
Pali zifukwa ziwiri zazikulu zomwe zimapangitsa kuwonongeka kwa zinthu.
- Kuchulukitsa kwambiri pansi pa zopangira komanso bowa wovulaza komanso mabakiteriya omwe amakhalamo. Nthawi yomweyo, zomwe zakhala ndi mpweya m'madzi zimachepa kwambiri. Zotsatira za izi zitha kukhala zosiyana - mafilimu amafuta omwe amawonekera pamtunda, adanyamula, etc.
- Kukhalapo kwa zinthu zambiri za biozenic kwambiri m'madzi (ma phosphorous ndi nayitrogeni, omwe ndi omwe amapanga nsomba ndi nyama, komanso chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mbewu zakufa). Zotsatira zake zodzaza kwambiri za malo osungirako zinthu za biogenic ndikudya masamba omizidwa (kugwedezeka, ntchentche, rogolistnik), njira zawo zobiriwira (popezera njira zomwe zimangofunika phosphorous). Makina okhala ndi zinthu zambiri za biogenic nawonso akukumana ndi mtolo wamadzi wolimba. Masamba apamwamba (pafupifupi theka la mita) nthawi zambiri imakhala yotentha, ndipo zigawo zikuluzikulu ndizozizira kwambiri, madzi mkati mwake amawoneka bwino, pansi sawoneka.
Kodi madzi ayenera kukhala chiyani
Momwe tchuthi chanu chimakhalira moyo wazomera ndi nsomba, zimadalira kudzazidwa ndi madzi. Kumene mungachotse? Zonse zimatengera zomwe muli nazo. Ngati pafupi ndi kasupe wa pulama kapena chitsime, mabezero amadzazidwa ndi izi, koma pokhapokha ngati mukulimba mtima mwaukhondo. Mwachitsanzo, zitsime zambiri za ku Moscow dera, mwachitsanzo, sizoyenera - pali chitsulo chochuluka kwambiri mwa iwo. Kasupe, yomwe imapita pafupi ndi ma trailes, nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi zonyansa zamafuta zomwe zagwa m'madzi amkuntho. Chifukwa chake, ndizotheka kugwiritsa ntchito madzi okha omwe adutsa gawo lodzilamulira la utotononononononom, chifukwa chomwe chiri chonyengedwa ndi kukhazikika. Mapaipi okhala ndi madzi owononga omwe ali ndi malo oyeretsa pakati amakhala ndi chlorine yambiri. Chifukwa chake, tikulimbikitsidwa kudzaza thanki yoyambirira, dikirani masiku angapo mpaka chakudya cha chlorine, ndipo pambuyo podzaza ndi madzi. Njira yabwino ndikumwa mvula yamvula - imakhala yofewa ndipo ilibe laimu, nitrate ndi ma phosphates. Nthawi yomweyo michere yosauka, kotero kuti ikagwiritsidwa ntchito, algae sadzachulukana mwamphamvu. Funso lokhalo ndilo kusonkhanitsa kuchuluka kwa mpweya.Madzi okhwima ndi acidity
Kutengera ndi komwe, madzi ali ndi mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana. Choyamba, kuwuma kosiyana ndi acidity. Kukhwima kwamadzi kumatsimikiziridwa ndi zomwe zili mchere wosungunuka wa calcium ndi magnesium mkati mwake. Pali madigiri angapo okhwima madzi: ochepera 4 mg-eq / dm3 - kuyambira 4 mpaka 8 mg-eq / dm3 - okhwima kuposa 12 mg -Eq / dm3 - yovuta kwambiri.
Madzi olimba kwambiri amachititsa mapangidwe a madipo mbali zogwirira pake zamakapukidwe, zida ndi kasupe, chifukwa zomwe zimalepheretsa kukhala mwachangu. Zofewa kwambiri, michere yabwino imachepetsa kukula kwa mbewu, moyenera bwino kwa moyo wofunikira. Zizindikiro Zapadera ndi Kuyesa Kugulitsa Kugulitsa m'masitolo am'munda omwe amalola kuyesa kuchuluka kwa madzi okhwima. Mulingo wamba wokhazikika si wopitilira 7 mg-eq / dm3 (200 dh - madigiri aku Germany).
Acidness imatsimikizika ndi kuchuluka kwa chizindikiritso cha Ph hydrojeni. Zimatengera zomwe zili ndi laimu, mabodza ndi nitrate mu dziwe, komanso njira zowola. Bulu wa PH ali 7. Ndi zizindikiro zotsika, madzi amadziwika kuti ndi acidic, ndi apamwamba kwambiri. Kuyambira nthawi ndi nthawi madzi acidity acidity ayenera kuyesedwa, chifukwa chizindikiritso chimatha kukhala chosiyana atatha mpweya, komanso chifukwa cha zovuta zadzuwa zomwe zimathandizira kupanga mankhwala atsopanomi. Kuyeza PH ndikwabwino ndi mayeso aku Drip, popeza kuwerenga kwa mapepala pazithunzi nthawi zambiri kumakhala kolondola. Zikhalidwe za pH kuchokera ku 6.5 mpaka 8.5, madzi ndi oyenera kumera ndi nsomba, komanso wotsika kapena wowopsa.
The acidic sing'anga imatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kugwa mu dziwe lamadzi kuchokera kumapiko ozungulira. Pankhaniyi, ndikofunikira kusintha madzi pang'ono pang'ono, ndikuyika mu miyala yamchenga kapena kuwonjezera makanema oyenera omwe amakulitsa PH (PH +). Mwachidule kwambiri nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'matumbo amadzi ndikumadzi kuchokera ku mwala wozungulira kapena mwala wozungulira, kotero ku malo omanga, choncho pamalo omanga, ndiye kuti malo onse a konkriti amalimbikitsidwa kupaka utoto. Ngati zingwezo zidachitika, ziyenera kuchotsedwa m'madzi kukhala algae yambiri ndikuwonjezera laimu yomanga. Katundu womanga laimu ndikuchotsa m'madzi ndi mbewu zina zomwe zimayeretsa dziweli ndi. Mwachitsanzo, ma curchay Rdy (Patamogen Crispus) ndi algae hara pafupifupi (Chara Aspera) - Mtengo wa laimu akukhazikika pamaziko ake. Ndi madzi ozizira mmenemo, mutha kuwonjezera mapiritsi a Peat kapena matumba a peat.
Opanga zida zoyeretsa
Makampani angapo ochokera kumayiko akunja amaperekedwa pamsika waku Russia wa zida zapadera: Amiad (Israeli), hozelock (United Kingdock), Heisner, ours). Madziwe ang'onoang'ono (pafupifupi malita 1,000), mutha kuyika zosefera za makampani omwe akupanga zida zopanga: Aquael (ku Canal), Sacem, Sera (Framam), Sera (Framam).
Fose FAael Masamba a 500
Zida zolumikiza zotsalira (mapampu, zosefera) zimapangidwa ndi mapanelo oyendetsa magetsi ndi udo (chipangizo chotchinga). Ndi kutulutsa magetsi kulikonse (kuwonongeka kwa chingwe, nyumba yopuma, injini yazosefera) ya RCD ya 10 mc imasokoneza magetsi. Zingwe zonse zogwiritsidwa ntchito zimakhala ndi malo owoneka bwino, mphamvu zawo zimakupatsani mwayi kuyenda nawo, zikani miyala. Gawo la RCD, komanso ma forker (otetezedwa ku chinyezi (otetezedwa) akhoza kugulidwa payokha.Zipangizo zosefera zimapezeka m'mphepete mwa nyanja (kupatula mitundu yosiyanasiyana). Pofuna kuti musawononge mtundu wokongoletsera wokhala ndi zokongoletsera zokongoletsera, zosefera tikulimbikitsidwa kuti zikhale miyala yokongoletsera.
Momwe mungayeretse madzi mu dziwe
Pali njira zinayi zazikulu: Makina, zachilengedwe, mankhwala ndi ma radiation a ultraviolet. Kuyeretsa makina kumakupatsani mwayi wochotsa zinyalala zamakina. Zachilengedwe zimakhazikika zomwe zili ndi michere m'madzi. Mphamvu ya radiation ya ultraviolet imapha mabakiteriya komanso algae amodzi. Kuyeretsa kwa mankhwala kumapangitsa kuti kapangidwe kake kwa malo osungira.
Njira Yothandiza
Ichi ndiye njira yosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo yomwe imakupatsani mwayi woti muchotsere mbewu zochulukirapo, algae ndi zinyalala. Mfundo yogwirira ntchito mafayilo pamakina imatengera gawo lamadzi kudutsa chidebe chodzaza ndi zinthu zokhala ndi nthaka (quartz, miyala yapadera). Zopangidwa ndi organic tinthu ndi algae zimachedwetsedwa ndikukhazikika mu fyuluta. Zocheperako zosefera, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timachedwa. Chitsanzo cha chipangizo chotere - zosefera zamakina zamakina. Zokolola zake zimachokera ku 6,000 mpaka 90,000 l / h, kutengera mtundu wosankhidwa. Kusefa zinthu mkati mwake ndi mchenga.
Pamene zida zolabadira (nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosavuta kudziwa - madzi amayamba kuchokera ku izi zonse ndikuchedwa), ziyenera kutsukidwa. Kuti muchite izi, zonse zomwe zimachotsedwa mu chidebe, zimatayidwa, ndipo chidebe chimayikidwa zinthu zatsopano - zimagulitsidwa m'magulu omwewo ngati zida zosefera. Ogwiritsa ntchito ena amakonda kusambitsa zosefera. Sizovuta kwambiri ngati chidebe chodzaza ndi miyala, komanso chosatheka ngati mchenga. Madzi omwe adalowa muzosezi zotsuka makina amayendetsedwa ndi pampu. Mphamvu yake imasankhidwa kutengera kuchuluka kwa nyanjayi ndi zosefera.
Chida chamakina chimatha kukhala chimo wamba kwambiri, chomwe zinyalala zoyandama pamwamba zimagwidwa. Ngati simukufuna kuchita izi pamanja, gwiritsani ntchito chipangizo chowoneka bwino (wopanga ndi ourm firman). Zosefera gawo la kapangidwe kalikonse ka 1.4 malita okhala ndi gululi pansi (Basket). Skimmer imayikidwa mwachindunji mu dziwe. Chifukwa chakuti m'mphepete mwa mtanga ndi wotsika pang'ono kuposa pamwamba, madzi ndi zinyalala zoyandama zimachepetsedwa mu chipangizocho. Madzimadzi amaperekedwa ndi pampu yolumikizidwa kwa squimmer. Pa zolawirira, dothi linayamba kulowa matanki. Pomwe mtanga wadzaza, ndikofunikira kuti utsuke, ndikokwanira kuti nditulutse zinyalala. Ngati skimmer ili kutali ndi gombe, imatha kuchotsedwa kapena kuibwezeretsa ndi ndodo yomwe imakopeka ndi mbedza yapadera. Chipangizocho tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi aquamax ndi Promax mapampi (wopanga mapapu (wopanga), kupopa malita 50 mpaka 250 pa ola limodzi.
Skimmer Juwl Dasim
Kutsuka kwamakina kwa pansi ndi makhoma, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito madzi opumira m'madzi kuchokera ku heissner kapena mtundu wa cyprivac (hozelock) ndi Pondovac (kuchokera ku Poova). Mwakutero, ndi vatum wamba yoyeretsa, yotsegulira yokha yomwe si mpweya, koma madzi akuda okhala ndi masiyidwe osiyanasiyana - pansi yol, algae, akutchula mbewu zotsalira. Ndi smit yotseguka kwambiri, ngakhale mwachangu ndi zinthu zina zomwe nthawi zina zimagwera mu vacuum. Amatha kubwezeretsedwa kumadzi nthawi yothiratu. Zovuta zingapo zowonjezera nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizidwa ndi zoyeretsa za vacuum, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti aganizire kukula kwa algae ndi miyala kapena kulowa pansi. Zotsatira zake, mudzatha kuyeretsa nyanjayo ndi mainchesi mpaka 10 m, chifukwa nthawi ya opaleshoni yoyeretsa pagombe, ndipo kutalika kwa payipi yanji ndi 5 m. Mukadzaza chidebe, vatuum kuyeretsa. Kuchotsa zinyalala kumachitika kudzera mu phwezi lapadera. Amatulutsa kuchokera pa thanki kupita ku ngalande ya mankhwala - za ntchito yake kuyenera kusamalira pasadakhale.Kuwala kwa vacuum kumatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'matupi amadzi ndi chimango chojambula (konkriti, polite, mafilimu). Mwala wa pebby wotchedwa wa pebby suletsa njirayo ngati mulifupi mwake ndi oposa 10mm.
Zachilengedwe
Zimakhazikitsidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zachilengedwe (mapuloteni, mafuta, chakudya) ku methane, hydrogen sulfide ndi mpweya woipa. Imachitika ndi mabakiteriya a Aerobic ndi Anaerobic mu zida zapadera. Zosefera zoyezera zachilengedwe zili pamtundu wa anthu pafupifupi onse omwe amapezeka m'derali la makampani (nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa ndi zosefera zamakina): Hecorner Movied Pool, OuSosec Priesties. Mu chipinda chofananira chofananira, chinthu chopota chimayikidwa (mu zida za hozeloc - chinkhupule cha chithovu, pa lall Lall), zomwe zimathandizira kukhazikika kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kuchedwa ndi nkhaniyi. Kukula ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zosemedwa zimatsimikiziridwa kutengera kukula kwa malo osungirako ndi kukhalapo kwa nsomba. Mwachidziwikire, malo osungirako osungirako ndi nsomba amakakamizidwa kwambiri ndipo amafuna kuyeretsa kwambiri.
Amatanthauza kutsuka kwamadzi mu malo osungira ma micropan, 10 g
110.
Gula
Mtundu wina wa bungwe lazosefera zachilengedwe ndikumanga kwa biopit yaying'ono pafupi ndi iyo. Palibe chifukwa chokhazikitsira nsomba - pankhaniyi, biopilati idzakhala maloweto wamoyo wamoyo, a crustacean yemweoplankton. Madzi am'madzi mu tankiry tank ayenera kukhala okwera pang'ono kuposa makamaka. Malire pakati pawo akhoza kuperekedwa ndi miyala. Madzi amaperekedwa kwa kukakamira ndi pampu. Amati, imayenda pamiyala ndipo imagweranso munthawi yayikulu.
Mankhala
Powonjezera mitundu ingapo yamankhwala yopanga mankhwala, ndizotheka kubwezeretsanso kuchuluka kwa acidity ya madzi, kumanga ammonia ovulaza ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zitsulo, amadzaza madzi ndi okosijeni, kusungunula algae. Zogulitsa zonse zosamalira madzi zimapanga chimbudzi, osefukira, Sera, Tera. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito zopangira mankhwala, tikulimbikitsidwa kutsatira malangizo onse a kuchuluka kwa mankhwala, chifukwa kukonzekera kwa munthu kwa munthu (mwachitsanzo, zolimbitsa thupi zosiyanasiyana) Mlingo wopitilira muyeso sudzango nsomba zokha, komanso anthu. Makina ambiri amapangira mankhwalawa adapangidwa kuti zotsalazo zawo ziziwola m'madzi ndi kaboni dayokisiyi, kuti, yopanda vuto.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zamankhwala nthawi zambiri kumatha kupewedwa ngati sikokongoletsa zokongoletsera, komanso mbewu zothandiza zimakhala m'madzi anu osungirako madzi. Mwachitsanzo, otchedwa Hydroxy wothandizira a Hydroxy (kudandaula, Rogol, a Rogol, a Tilleja, Ukut, Otsiriza, Ededo). Amathandizira kuchuluka kwa madzi okhala ndi mpweya.
Pafupi ndi mankhwalawa omwe amatchedwa Serraption Kuyeretsa pogwiritsa ntchito michere ya Zewi - amaikidwa m'zipinda zam'madzi kapena kulowa mwachindunji mu malo osungirako zinthu zapadera. Makomawa amakhala ndi mawonekedwe a galasi ndi chimadzi cha madzi, chifukwa chomwe ali ndi katundu kuti achotse phosphorous ndi ammonium kuchokera kumadzi. Kuti mukhalebe ndi mphamvu yofanana ya miyezi 12 padziwe 1,000 l, kokha 0,5-1 kg ya Zeolite ndiyokwanira.
Kuzindikira ndi ma ray a ultraviolet
Njira imodzi yoyeretsera madzi ndikugwiritsa ntchito ma radiation a ultraviolet (Hidelength Kuchokera pa 180 mpaka 300 nm), zomwe zimakhudza ma virus a DNA, mabakiteriya, microcae ndipo potero amawapha. Fyuluse wa ultraviolet ndi nyumba yomwe ili nayo. Kapangidwe kake kamene kamalumikizidwa ndi makina omwe amalepheretsa kuphatikizika ndi nyali ndi algae. Itha kukhala yonyamuka m'mphepete mwa nyali, yokutidwa ndi mkati mwa khola la thovu ndikuyendetsedwa ndi chogwirizira chapadera pamilandu yakunja ya Fyuluta yakunja. Kuti mukhalebe ndi kukula kwa radiation ya UV, nyali ikulimbikitsidwa kuti isasinthidwe pambuyo pa nyengo kapena ziwiri.
UV stabiblequel
Pali mitundu ingapo ya masabata a UV: Bitron madzi, a Aquauv kuchokera ku Heissner, UVC Vorton yopangidwa ndi hozelock. Mzere uliwonse umawonetsedwa mitundu yambiri ya ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Sankhani chipangizocho kuyenera kutengera kuchuluka kwa dziwe lanu. Kwa ambiri, maluwa angapo a ultraviolet amafunikira.Madzi onse
Nthawi zina nyanjayo imayipitsidwa kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, ngati ikhalabe pansi, ngakhale atakhala osefera pazinthu), muyenera kuchita zinthu zochepa kapena zokwanira. Kuti muchite izi, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa madzi kuchokera ku thanki, kusamutsa moyo ndi nsomba kukhala malo osakhalitsa (ikhoza kukhala dziwe laling'ono kapena zidende zokhala ndi madzi kuchokera ku sludge, Trina ndi zinyalala, kenako mudzaze Ndi madzi oyera.
Momwe Mungadziwire Nthawi Yosintha Madzi Abwera? Akatswiri ena amalimbikitsa kuchepetsa mbale yoyera m'madzi: ngati sichikuwoneka mwakuya kwa 10 cm, zomwe zili ndi nthawi yosintha. Ena amatsutsa kuti mothandizidwa ndi machitidwe amakono omwe amasewerera amatha kutsukidwa, ngakhale puddle kwambiri. Izi, zimatenga nthawi yambiri komanso ndalama zambiri. Chifukwa chake m'madziwe omwe amadwala kwambiri (osasangalatsa komanso olimba mtima ndi filimu yamafuta) ikulimbikitsidwa kuti ikwaniritse madzi athunthu. Vuto lalikulu lomwe eni ake eni amakumana akasintha madzi amachotsedwa pansi. Monga momwe amadziwira, pansi IL ndi olemera mu zinthu zachilengedwe zomwe zimakhala ndi mpweya. Chifukwa chake, malo kumene ndidzaikidwa m'manda kapena kuthira, kwa zaka zingapo zidzafa, palibe masamba omwe angaonekere kuno. Chabwino, ngati pali mulu wa kompositi pa tsamba lanu: Sakanizani IL ndi Peat (omaliza, m'malo mwake, ali ndi mpweya wambiri) muyezo wa 30% Yel ndi 70% Peat. Pambuyo pa zaka 5-6, izi sizikhala feteleza wofunikira kwambiri. Koma pokhapokha ngati zosafunikira zamankhwala sizinakhalepo mu ile. Mutha kuwonjezeranso kusinthidwa ngati feteleza, koma pang'ono kwambiri - 3-5% ya osakaniza.
Kusankha kwa Zipangizo Zosefera
Monga tafotokozera kale, sitingamakambirana za biology, chifukwa mkati mwa nkhani imodzi ndizosatheka kufotokoza malamulo onse okhala ndi chilengedwe. M'nkhani yathu, cholinga chake ndi chotsuka dziwe m'mudzimo pogwiritsa ntchito zida zosefera. Zabwino koposa zonse, zachidziwikire, olumikizana ndi akatswiri posankha - adzasankha zida zolondola, zomwe zimaperekedwa mwazomwe zimasungidwa. Izi zikuphatikiza zinthu zotsatirazi: kukula ndi kuya kwa dziwe, katundu wamadzi (zomera, nsomba), mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri, mbiri yapansi. Kutulutsa koyenda kumayenera kutsukidwa kwambiri monga osatetezedwa, - kuwononga zinthu zomwe zimachitika m'mikhalidwe yamitundu yosintha nthawi zambiri. Kuwala kwa malo ndikofunikira.Kutsuka kwathunthu kumaphatikizapo magawo atatu ofunikira: Makina, ma ultraviolet madzi ndi kwachilengedwe. Kutsatira magawo kumatha kusinthidwa: Chithandizo choyamba ndi ma radiation a ultraviolet, kenako kuyeretsa makina ndipo kumapeto - kusefa kwa kwachilengedwe. Mlandu wachiwiri, zosefera zamakinazo zimatenga zinyalala zochuluka - ndipo zinalipo mu dziwe loyambirira, ndipo limapangidwa mutadutsa m'madzi kudzera m'madzi a ultraviolet ilgae). Ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti kugula kwa imodzi mwazosefera sikungathetse vuto kukhala ukhondo. Chifukwa chake, kukhazikitsa kwa ultraviolet kumawononga algae, koma osawachotsa m'madzi - iyi ndi ntchito yoyeretsa makina. Fyuluseyo zachilengedwe, ndikugwira ntchito nokha, ndizovuta kuthana ndi katundu wamkulu - nthawi zambiri imatsekeka.
Momwe mungayeretse dziwe kuchokera ku algae ndikuletsa kuphuka
Gawo losaya la reservoir (kuya kwa 0.5-0.7 m) sikuyenera kukhala lalikulu kwambiri - akatswiri amalangiza kuti imakhala ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a malo. Chowonadi ndi chakuti ndi masika achipsi osayatsa madziwo mwachangu ndi pansi panthaka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ndi zinthu zam'madzi zomwe zimagwera m'matumba ndi microalgae maluwa. Pachimacho nthawi zina chimakhala chankhanza kwambiri, chifukwa cha zinthu zomwe zimasungidwa ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangika ndipo microalgae imayamba kufa mwachangu. Makina ena opanga makonzedwe osungunuka osungunuka osungunuka kuchokera kumadzi. Ndipo chifukwa chosowa mpweya, nsomba ndi ma pisitanti. Maluwa owonda awa ndi mayi ake omwe pambuyo pake amatha kubwerezedwa kangapo nthawi yachilimwe. Ndipo wocheperako padziwe, nthawi zambiri padzakhala zinthu zoterezi zidzakhala. Pofuna kufewetsa ndikutenthetsedwa m'munsi, ndikofunikira kupanga gawo lalikulu la malo osungirako nyengo zapakatikati la Russia. Zili zopitilira 2.5 m. Pofuna kuyeretsa dziwe kuchokera Amadyera ndi kuchepetsa ntchito ya algae wosakwatiwa, zotsalazo ziyenera kutetezedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa dzuwa (zosemphana ndi zomera zakumaso kapena kumanga mbali yakumwera perela kapena gazebo). Sitikulimbikitsidwa kutchula dziwe mothandizidwa ndi ndodo - imakula mwachangu ndikuyamba kupewa mpweya m'madzi. Kenako ndikofunikira kuganiza momwe mungayeretsere dziwe kuchokera ku ndodo, osagwiritsa ntchito kuti apindule. Gawo losaya la dziwe nthawi zambiri limakhala lomizidwa ndi zomera zamadzi, zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi zinthu za biogenic zinthu ndikupewa kukula kwa algae. Kuphatikiza apo, zosefera zimakhala m'madzi osaya.
Chisamaliro chowonjezera
Chisamaliro china chimaphatikizapo kuwonjezera kwa kukonzekera kwa mankhwala ndi kugwiritsa ntchito maukonde ndi peat kapena Zeolite. Awa ndi njira imodzi yomwe imabwezeretsanso zovuta mu dongosolo lililonse malinga ndi gawo lililonse (kukhwima, acidity, kugwetsa kwa oxygen). Komabe, pakati pa eni madziwe, nthawi zina amalakalaka kuyeretsa madzi mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala nthawi yonse ya mankhwala.
Mukugwa, mkati mwa tsamba kugwa, mosasamala kanthu za dziwe lanu ndi zida zosankhidwa bwino, pamlingo wamadzi tikulimbikitsidwa kuti ukoke gululi masamba ambiri. Kukula kwa ma cell a ma mesh ndi 1 cm2. Kuti pakhale kosavuta m'mphepete mwa nyanja, mikangano ikukwera ndipo pakati pawo tathamangitsidwa. Bungwe lomezedwa mu chipika ichi limapanga chihema chachilendo. Masamba ambiri akadziunjikira pa gululi, ndikokwanira kugwedezeka - masamba adzauluka, kenako amatha kusamutsidwa kumalo akutali.
Makina oyeretsa a Inter
M'nyengo yozizira, madziwo akuwopsezedwa ndi kuzizira komanso cholakwika. Kotero kuti anthu okhala ndi anthu onsewa sakuzizira pansi, ayenera kukhala akuzama (m'mikhalidwe ya pakati pa Russia - osachepera 2 m). Kuchokera osakhazikika kwambiri azomera ndi nsomba nthawi yachisanu iyenera kuyikidwa m'chipindacho. Vuto la dziwe lachisanu limachitika chifukwa chakusowa kwa mpweya komanso kuchuluka kwa hydrogen sulfide, pomwe madzi amapeza fungo lowola ndipo nyama zambiri zimamwalira. Kutulutsa wamba kumalepheretsa tsokali. Kuphatikiza apo, madzi oundana ndi osankhiratu tsiku lililonse: ngati muphimba bowo ndi chivindikiro (mwachitsanzo, matabwa), silidzamasula madzi pansi pa chisanu. Opambana kuyambira nthawi yophukira m'madzi, mwala zimayambira, malo, Kasatikov kapena Aira amalola okosijeni kuti alowe m'manda osadzimwa, komanso mpweya wa 15 umatuluka. Palinso zida zapadera zomwe zimapereka mwayi wopereka madera apansi ndi okosijeni.