Timanena za zabwino ndi zokhala ndi njanji komanso zomangamanga.
Ngati msika wa nyumba zapamwamba ndi nyumba zochokera ku Russia m'malo mwake zapangidwa ndipo malingaliro ake sakukula kuposa zomwe akufuna, pomwepo nyumba zazikuluzikulu zimangokhala mafinya ochepa okha.
Ubwino Wolimbikitsidwa Kwambiri Panetsatane
Tonsefe timadziwa bwino nyumba zambiri zapatsa zambiri, choncho tikudziwa za zabwino za makhomawa, zomwe poyamba za zoyambirira za onse ziyenera kulimbikitsidwa kwambiri, kukhazikika komanso bwino kwambiri. Makoma opangidwa ndi ma panelresec okhazikika monkriti amaletsa njira yakunja (Phokoso limalowa munyumba), safuna kutetezedwa kowonjezereka, nthawi yomweyo mukamamanga makhoma Itha kukhazikitsidwa dongosolo lotentha ndikuyamba kumaliza ntchito. Nthawi yomweyo, mpanda umakhazikitsidwa patatha masiku - pomwe kuyika njerwa kapena mabatani kumatenga pafupifupi mwezi umodzi.
Mawonekedwe awo
Mtengo wa 1 m2 wa kanyumba kake popanda kuyika zida zaukadaulo ndikumaliza kumayambira ma ruble 20,000., zomwe zikufanana ndi mtengo womanga miyala yopanda mafuta.
Zida za makoma akunja a nyumbayo zimatha kukhala zachikhalidwe zopangira ma cell a sikeni olimbikitsidwa ndi atatu olimbikitsidwa ndi kusokonezeka koyenera komwe kumapangidwa malinga ndi GOST 31310-2015.
Zigawo zakunja ndi mkati mwa gulu lotere zimachitika konkriti yopangidwa ndi konkriti ndi gulu la granite filler ndi kalasi yolimbitsa thupi A500. Kunja kwapakatikati ndi mkati w / w zigawo zimalumikizidwa wina ndi mnzake ndi zomangira zachitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri kapena konkriti.
Kupereka mapanelo kumachitika ndi mayendedwe apadera (patenelosomes), ndikutsitsa - crane yamphamvu, yomwe imafunikira lathyathyathya, yopanda zomangamanga ndi zomera zakutali.
Kusankha kwa crane yamagalimoto kumadalira unyinji wa mapanelo a khoma komanso mtunda womwe amafunikira kuti azisunthidwa. Monga lamulo, kukhazikitsa kagawo kamene mmodzi kumatenga mphindi 15-20, ndipo kuyika kapangidwe kake kolowera pansi ndi masiku awiri kapena awiri
Nthawi yomweyo, kugawana kwamkati kumangidwanso ndi makhoma akunja.
Zilonda zosakhalitsa zomwe zimasinthidwa mosalekeza zimaphatikizidwa ndi maziko ndi mapanelo okhala ndi mangulu
Zomangamanga zomanga kuchokera ku konkriti yotsimikizika
Zachidziwikire, nyumba ya gulu la palnel imafunikira maziko odalirika, mtundu womwe umasankhidwa pambuyo pa kufufuza kwa Geological. Nthawi zambiri imayima pa tepi ya monolithic (pansi) kapena slab maziko.Ponena za mayankho a zokongoletsera, pali zoletsa zovuta pano: sizingatheke kumanga kupatula makoma a radius, polyadra, turret. Komabe, kuti muchepetse mtengo wake ndi kupititsa patsogolo kumanga nyumbayo, ndikusiya kusintha kwa nyumbayo, kusiya zolakwika, kapena kusavuta kukonza loggia. Komabe, makoma a Panel amaloledwa kuphatikiza ndi zomangamanga - kenako mungakwanitse kugula zingwe zilizonse.
Aliyense payekha ndi seriya
Kutengera kwa zosonkhanitsa-korolithic kumapangana ndikuti zolembedwazo zikuphatikiza zojambula za gulu lililonse, komanso njira zamisonkhano.
Opanga nyumba zapakhomo ndi ochepa, ndipo makamaka akupanga nyumba zopangira mafakitale ndi zingapo. Mbali inayi, imakhala ndi mphamvu pa ntchito komanso kutsatira zikhalidwe zomanga. Pamalo ena - ntchitoyi ndi kapangidwe ka mapanelo malinga ndi zojambula zokhazokha ndizokwera mtengo. Ndikotheka kuchepetsa mtengo wa gulu la 1 m2 wotsika kwambiri pantchito yayikulu, koma palibe zochitika zachuma.
Msonkhano
Monga lamulo, mapanelo nthawi yomweyo amaika malo opanga pamaziko pa maziko pamwamba pa yankho la yankho ndipo amakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito othandizira osakhalitsa (nyemba). Ma Panel All Alls pansi amakhazikika masiku amodzi kapena awiri.
Pankhaniyi, chifukwa nyumba ya gulu la palnel yopangidwa ndi momwe akugwirira ntchito, koma ndi malo odalirika odalirika (makulidwe a plate 400 mm)
Pakukonzekera kukhazikitsa mapanelo pa stofu yojambulidwa
ndipo anachita chizindikiro cha woyenda. Kenako ndinayamba kukhazikitsa mapanelo mu polojekiti
Polumikizana ndi zingwe za khoma, zingwe zachitsulo zimaperekedwa mu gawo 400-500 mm molunjika. Amaika zolimba. Ma seams pakati pa zisindikizo za panel pang'onopang'ono. Choyamba, amatenga fomu ndikudzaza malo oyatsira pansi (pamzere wazovala zamkati) ndi konkriti yolemera. Zotsatira zake, gulu limodzi-loolithic limapangidwa. Pambuyo pokongoletsa konkriti, mathandizo osakhalitsa amachotsedwa ndikuyamba kusonkhanitsa mapanelo otsatira.
Kukhazikitsa kwa mapanelo kumafuna kutengapo mbali kwa njira zamphamvu (kagalimoto kagalimoto ndi kutumiza-matani 120) ndi ma brigades a ogwira ntchito aluso kuchokera kwa anthu anayi.
Kusindikizidwa komaliza kwa seams kumachitika pambuyo pakusonkhanitsa bokosi kunyumba. Pakadali pano, mipata yomwe ili pamzere wa chimbudzi ndi ubweya wa ubweya wa mchere kapena chithovu cha poureurethan chikusindikizidwa. Pomaliza, seams yomwe ilipo konkire yotsimikizika imasungidwa - apa amagwiritsa ntchito zokongoletsera kuchokera ku polyethylene ndi zingwe zolumikizira maofesi kapena (m'makona) kuti azikongoletsa matailosi.
Mukamayang'ana m'maso, mawonekedwe ake amakhazikitsidwa koyamba ndikudzazidwa ndi ma currete kwambiri pakati pa zigawo zamkati mwa mapanelo
Pansi yotsatira itakutidwa ndi mbale zokutira ndikutsindika zonse zokongoletsera, kuphatikizapo mipata pakati pa mbale (15, 16).
Gulu limodzi-loolithic pansi limapangidwa. Pambuyo pokongoletsa konkriti, mutha kuwombera kanthawi kochepa ndikuyamba kumanga pansi.
Ndi zomanga zochepa, m'lifupi mwake ma seams ogwiritsira ntchito ndiochepera kwambiri komanso ndi 20-25 mm.
Palibe chomwe chimalepheretsa kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa nsomba. Windows ndi zitseko zimayikidwa mu ndege ya kusokonezeka popewa kusokonekera
Kukutira
Pafupifupi mtsempha wambiri zimakhala ndi chitemberero - mbale zowonjezera polystyrene chithovu (EPPS) kapena ubweya wambiri wa michere wokhala ndi ma point ndi zopingasa zomwe zimapereka mpweya wabwino. Kukula kwa makulidwe kumatsimikiziridwa ndi makompyuta owerengera ndipo amatha kufikira 400 mm.Mu masinthidwe oyambira, 200 mm chisumbulumwe chimaperekedwa. Ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito ubweya waubweya, womwe umakhala ndi malo othandiza kwambiri kuposa ma epps, kusamutsa kutentha kwa khoma kuli pafupifupi 4.9 m ² / W. Uwu ndi kangapo pang'ono kuposa momwe zimafunira SP 50.1333330.2012 "Kutetezedwa kwa nyumba" kwa nyumba zokhala ndi malo osungira ku Moscow.
Kuwongolera
Nyumba ya Panel Yakonzekereratu za PB ndi PC masitovu. Kapangidwe kotereku kuli ndi mphamvu yabwino (katundu wogawika amaloledwa ku 800 kg / m2 ndikusiyanitsa phokoso lamlengalenga.
Mothandizidwa ndi mbale ndi makulidwe a 220 mm, ndizotheka kuzimiririka kwa 7 m, makulidwe a 265 mm - mpaka 10 m. Kuphatikiza apo. Kuphatikiza , ma mbale akupezeka m'lifupi 290, 470, 650, 830, 1010 mm.
Thamangitsani masitepe nthawi zambiri amawonetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito matovu a PB ndi ma PC osiyanasiyana malinga ndi zonyamula makoma ndi mabatani apadera a chitsulo
Palibe zovuta ndi chipangizo chazenera pazenera kuti ziunikire masitepe (potembenukira kwa Marichi) - imachitidwa munthawi yomweyo mu mapanelo a pansi oyamba ndi achiwiri.
Kulondola kwa kuyika kwa zinthu za nyumbayo kuli zazitali, ndipo m'lifupi mwake seams sapitirira 25 mm
Mbale kapena mbale zina zophatikizana ndi zomwe zapezekazo (mwachitsanzo, kwa chapakati kapena chimfine chachikulu) zimapangidwa popanda ma voro, ndikulimbikitsa kuzungulira. Chipangizo cha masitepe amaphatikizanso mizati yothandizira kapena zitsulo kapena zolimbitsa matembenuzidwe olimbikitsidwa.
Denga lathyathyathya limakutidwa ndi zida zogulira phula kapena polymer okhala ndi utsi ndi mpweya wabwino, komanso pabwalo lotsika lomwe limakupatsani mwayi wopanga bwino
Mapeto ake
Makoma a Panel amatha kupatukana ndi kunja ndi njira zosiyanasiyana. Ngati mafakitale sapezeka, ndizosavuta kuwaphimba ndi pulasitala yokongoletsera kapena kuti atuluke ndi matope a pulasitiki ndi makulidwe a 10-20 mm, kenako mukamatero osayesetsa kuchita bwino, mutha kujambula makhoma popanda khola). Palibe chomwe chimalepheretsa ndikukhazikitsa mawonekedwe osakhazikika ndi trim, mwachitsanzo, mapanelo a miyala yam'madzi kapena plajen. Zowona, njira yokwezera chimango (ma domes) chikhala chodya nthawi yambiri kuposa momwe zimakhalira ndi matabwa, chimango kapena chithovu chimatsekera makhoma.
Nthawi zambiri, kuthamangitsa ntchito yomanga yakunja ya mapanelo omwe amapanga fakitore pansi pa miyala kapena njerwa ndipo palinso utoto wa malo ofananira.
Njira ina yomalizira mwachangu ndi malo ophatikizika. Ili ndi cholinga chake chakuti mu kapangidwe kake, kapangidwe ka apadera imagwiritsidwa ntchito pagawoli, zomwe zimalepheretsa konkriti wa konkriti ndi kuya kwa 3-5 mm. Pambuyo kukhazikitsa gululo, osasunthika adatsukidwa ndi kuthamanga kwa madzi, mawonekedwe a miyala yomwe imakongoletsa imawululidwa. Kwa nyumba mwankhanza mafakitale, mutha kuyitanitsa mapanelo okhala ndi zikwangwani zokongoletsera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi burashi yapadera mpaka kumapeto.
Pomaliza, mapanelo amapangidwa ndi omaliza kuchokera ku chipatala kapena matayala amiyala. Pambuyo pokhazikitsa, imakhalabe ndi zinthu zomwezi za malo ozungulira ma senels ndi seams.
Denga la slipe limapangidwa m'njira yachikhalidwe. Mbali yake yonyamula imakhala ndi ma auurlata ndi matabwa, ndiye kuti mu ulesi wozizira amatsatira chiwonongeko ndi padenga. Denga la intuc, kuphatikiza, gwiritsani ntchito ubweya wa mchere pakati pa rafters
Ubwino ndi Cons Conser Orting
chipatso
- Liwiro lomanga. Kuyika kwa nyumba ya nyumbayo kumachitika pofika sabata. Mapanelo amatha kuperekedwa ndi kumaliza kapena mawonekedwe akunja.
- Kulimba ndi kutentha kwambiri komanso njira zolira za makhoma.
- Kuthekera kwakukulu kwa makhoma (pambuyo pochititsa mpweya mzipinda mwachangu kwambiri).
- Mphamvu zazikulu, chitetezo chamoto ndi chikhazikitso cha mapangidwe akuluakulu a nyumbayo.
- Kuthekera kwa kugona kosabisa, kuphweka kwa mapangidwe a Windows ndi zitseko, zamkati, mawonekedwe a njirazo ndizofanana ndi nyumba yamatango.
Milungu
- Mapani sanapangidwe kuti apange mitundu yomanga yomanga (tikuwona kuti kukana kwa zovuta zomwe sizikugwira ntchito ndi zodzikongoletsera ndi imodzi mwa zojambula za ku European of Europe).
- Makoma ambiri amakoma, chifukwa chomwe sichingathe kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu ina ya maziko (mwachitsanzo, chopepuka chopepuka).
- Misewu yabwino yofikira ndiyofunikira komanso galimoto yaulere ya crack yagalimoto.
Mwaukadaulo wa panelo umaphatikizidwa bwino ndi mawonekedwe omanga mafashoni monga chipichi. Zojambula zonse zomanga zimakhala ndi vuto lalikulu, ndipo ndizosavuta kukonza lathyathyathya (kuphatikizapo padenga logwirira) kuchokera konkriti yolimbikitsidwa
