Mbega umubare utarota urukuta rwiza: kuramba, gushyuha, kuramba kandi byoroshye mubikorwa. Icyifuzo cyo kurema ibintu nk'ibi cyatumye ibicuruzwa bituruka ku bicuruzwa biturutse ku gihingwa cya charamonzite, beto yifuro, polystyrene na - Arbolit, cyangwa ibiti. Reba tekinoroji yo kubaka amazu yo hasi-azamuka muri aris.
Betolte hamwe nuzuza ibiti byashizweho mugice cya mbere cyikinyejana cya mbere mu Buholandi no gutoborwa munsi yizina ryibicuruzwa durosol. Arbolit ni antalogue ye yo mu gihugu, imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo, yakozwe muri GSSR kandi ikoreshwa cyane cyane kuba iyubakwa ry'imirimo yo mu cyaro, ubuhinzi n'ibikorwa by'ubuhinzi n'ibikorwa bito n'ibito n'ibiryo. Uyu munsi, umusaruro wibiti mu Burusiya wavutse, kandi icyifuzo kiragenda giyongera buri mwaka. Arbolil ntabwo ihendutse kandi ifite ihumure ryihariye ryimico bakeneye mu nyubako yo hasi yinzu.
Muri iki gihe, ikirango cya Dunzol gikorwa no kwifungirwa ubusa kubabibazo bidafite ishingiro.
Plus ya Arbolita
Arbolil ikorwa nigitutu cya vibratory kuva imbuga za chip yimbuto zumwihariko, sima ya minisiteri ninyongera yimiti (plasticers kuri beto, antiseptics, abagenzuzi b'ububato, n'ibindi). Mu bwubatsi buke, ibikoresho ni ubuke bwa 500-600 kg / m3 yo gukurura imbaraga b 1.0 (ku nyubako imwe), b 1.0 (kububiko bwa metero ebyiri).
Iyo ubwubatsi buva Arbolit, ibintu bimwe na bimwe nibikoresho byo gushushanya bishobora gukorwa mumatafari na monolithic bectte.
Ibipimo ngenderwaho byibice byimpongo ni 200 × 300 × 600 mm. Mubyongeyeho, kugurisha hari ibinyuranye 500 × 300 × 140/150 Mm, umuswa usimbuka. Ibigo bimwe kubisabwa nabyo bitanga ibice byurukuta mubunini butandukanye.
Urukuta ruva muri Arbolic hamwe nubunini bwa mm 300 bafite ubushyuhe bwo kwimura ubushyuhe (R) hafi ya 2.7 ° C, W, ubu ni ukuvuga ku bijyanye n'ibisabwa n'umushinga w'impumuro 50.13330 .012 ku rutonde rwo hagati rw'Uburusiya. Muri rusange, ukurikije ibipimo ngenderwaho byubwubatsi, arbolite yegereye beto yibyibushye, mugihe bidahendutse gato kurenza gaze ya autoclave ibigo biyobora (hafi 4500. Inkuta ziva Arbite zirambuye abashakanye kandi zirashobora kugabanya amplitude ya amplitude yo mu nzu. Ibikoresho bigerwaho byoroshye na hacsaw hamwe n'amenyo nini cyangwa "alligator" amashanyarazi cyangwa umunyururu.
Guhagarika-monolithic technology ya Duriya itanga imbaraga zizamuwe hamwe nubushyuhe.
Inyungu yingenzi yibiti imbere yifuro yifuro nuko ari mwiza gufata nabi. Ibi byorohereza kwishyiriraho amadirishya n'inzugi, Mauerlat, ibitwenge munsi ya trim (urugero, kuzenguruka) nibindi ndorerwamo.
Mugihe ugura ibice, witondere ingano ya chipi. Igomba guhura na GOST 19222-84 kandi intera kugera kuri 40 × 10 × 5 mm. Blocks ya chip ntoya ifite coeefficient yimikorere yubushyuhe, kandi kuva nini - birashobora gutanga aganga gato kandi ntibiramba bihagije.
Hamwe na hoteri yuzuye, kubaka amazu akoresha ingufu akoreshwa mukubaka ibisame bya Sep-beto (tekinoroji ya velox).
Uburyo bwo Gushiraho
Gutandukana nubunini bwizina hamwe nibikorwa kubikoresho bigezweho byibikoresho bya Arbite birashobora kugera kuri mm 7 (byemewe na gost). Rero, ubunini busanzwe bwa mm 10-15, no gukoresha sima isanzwe-igisubizo kizaganisha ku kwangirika mubiranga inkuta zubuhinzi.
Guhagarika abakora basaba kuganisha ku gisubizo "gishyushye" (ntibigomba kwitiranwa hamwe na kole nziza kuri gaze-iseswa rya lisano, muriki kibazo ntabwo bishoboka). Igisubizo "gishyushye" ntabwo kigoye cyane kwitegura byimazeyo kome kandi ubucucike buke bwuzuza, nkumucanga wa perlite, agurishwa mumifuka no kubyuka. Kandi urashobora kugura imvange yuzuye, kurugero "gushyira Ms14" ("byiza") cyangwa TKS 2020 (Perel).
Umurongo wambere wibice ushyizwe ku buriri hejuru hejuru yurwego rwibitabo bibiri. Iya kabiri n'irindi buri gasanduku rya kane bigomba gukomera no guhagarika imivurungano. Birakenewe kandi gushimangira umurongo hejuru ya pro. Ihuriro rya T. Urukuta rukorwa hamwe no kwambara, ariko iyo igikoresho gitandukanije, zishyitse ku nkuta ku rukuta rw'inguzanyo, amapine, na ancri.
Ibikoresho byacitse mbere yo gutangira ubujura, bitabaye ibyo igisubizo kiri mu gaciro kizuma kandi ntubone imbaraga.
Iya kabiri hanyuma buri kimwe cya kane gishimangira gride.
Masonry ayobora ku mugozi wa moor.
Muri icyo gihe, ibice bihujwe mumurongo uhindagurika yishusho.
Ibisigazwa ntibigomba gukomera.
Ariko nta gusimbuka beto badakora.
Niba byemejwe kubaka ibicana neza, ahantu hashyigikira inkuta ku rukuta birasabwa gutegura umukandara wa beto ushimangirwa ufite ubugari bwa mm 200 n'uburebure bwa mm 100 hamwe no gushimangira amajwi; Muri iki gihe, ubugari bwinyabusori bugomba kuba mm 80-100. Kugirango wirinde gukonjesha urukuta, umukandara wigunze hamwe numuhanda na polystyrene foam cyangwa polyurethane.
Hamwe n'amagorofa yimbaho, ahumeka (udafite ikimenyetso cyakurikiyeho afite igisubizo) yashyushye bishyushye munsi yimbere. Nka tegeko rusange, ubujyakuzimu bwibihe bigomba kuba cm 15, ariko, agace gasabwa ni byiza kubara kugiti cyacu, tuzirikana umutwaro kurenganurwa hamwe no guhagarika icyiciro cyimiterere runaka.
Abasimbuka hejuru yimikorere barakozwe neza bakoresheje ibice bidasanzwe u. Iyi tray shyiramo ikadiri ishimangira kandi yasutswe sima-umusenyi wumusenyi cyangwa beto biremereye. Urashobora kandi guhagarika imirongo irashobora kandi kuba mu rugo w / b ibiti bya W / B nibice bya fithings nibikoresho byicyuma, kuko mugihe ingendo zitifuzwa, kuko mugihe ingese izakira rwose.
Arbolit ikoreshwa cyane mu iyubakwa rya kabiri-yimbaho, guhuza ibice cyangwa imbaho zifite inkingi nini zimbaho n'ibiti.
Gucapa no kurengera
Urukuta ruva muri Arbium rushobora gushyirwaho cyangwa rutondetswe nibikoresho cyangwa panne.
Ibikoresho bitanga kugabanuka hafi ya 0.5% kumanota 4-6 yambere (noneho imyanda irangiye), nibyiza rero kutatangira kurangiza nyuma y'amezi atandatu nyuma yubwubatsi cyangwa gukoresha amacandwe kamwe na nyakubahwa kuri Urusaku rwashyizwe.
Isumbabyose ubucucike bwa Arbolit, urukuta rukomeye urukuta, ariko rubi cyane. Ibyiza byo kuzamuka guke-Agaciro kwubaka - 500 kg / m3.
Plaster Ibyiza igomba kugira imyuka ihuriweho byibuze 0.09 mg / (m • h • pa). Ubuso bwa arbolite bwakoranye neza nibihe byose bya plastersing - nta mpamvu yo gukoresha gride.
Iyo ushyingurwa urusaku rwinshi, inkuta zirindwa na shmbrane igwa, hanyuma zinjiza ibyago by'ibyuma bisingi cyangwa ibyapa bya antiseptique. Ibikurikira, urashobora guhitamo ibikoresho bigezweho byo kurangiza - kwigana ibiti byimbaho cyangwa ibiti, vinyl kuri sibro-simale-polymer.
Inkuta ziva Arbolita zirashobora gushyirwa no guhumurizwa no guhumurizwa nibuye cyangwa ibuye risanzwe, ariko ijwi rihumeka rihumeka ni umurimo wizewe kandi udasanzwe.
Nigute watezimbere imbaraga zingufu zurukuta
Kunoza ibiranga ubushyuhe bwinkuta ziva kuri Arbite zirashobora kuba inzira eshatu zingenzi.- Koresha Penarbolit. Muri iki gihe, urukuta rufite ubunini bwa mm 300 ruzagira ubushyuhe bwo kohereza 3,1 • c (ibisabwa n'ibipimo ngenderwaho tsindaminyu by'Uburusiya ni 2.9-3.2 M2 • c / w) . Foamorbolit ihenze gato kurenza uko bisanzwe, ubushuhe bugizwe, ariko bubi ni plaster (grid ishimangira irakenewe).
- Wubake uhereye kuri feri (ibice nkibi byakozwe uyumunsi munsi ya trand ya Duroso). Igice cyijwi ryubusa muri blok yinjizamo ubwoya bwakozwe na basalt, polystyrene foam cyangwa polyurethane, kandi umwanya usigaye wuzuyemo beto cyangwa pelitobene. Masonry ashimangirwa n'inkoni itambitse kandi ihagaritse. Urukuta ntiruboneka gusa hamwe nubushyuhe gusa (R. 3.4 M2 • C / W), ariko nanone biramba cyane, ni uko ukoresha ibijyanye n'imiterere ya selile). Inkuta zashyizweho kuri iri koranabuhanga zizatwara 50-70% zihenze kuruta ibibyimba bisanzwe (300 mm, kuva mu ruganda rwuzuye), ariko zizatanga byinshi (byibuze 30% byo kuzigama urugo.
- Inzu ishyushye hanze. Urashobora, kurugero, shyira ahantu hashyushye ushingiye kuri sisitemu ya rock nade (rockwool) cyangwa "isover-goben"), bimaze igihe kinini mugihe cyo gusana inyubako ndende. Ku rukuta hanze hamwe no gufunga bidasanzwe (kole, imyirondoro, ibipapuro), amasahani yubwoya bwa minisiteri ni mm 50 cyane, hanyuma hejuru yacyo ishyirwa kuri gride ya polymer. Ubuzima bwimiterere nibura imyaka 25. Ubundi buryo nugutegura ibijyanye nubunini bumwe munsi ya trim (hagati yumuyaga), mugihe cyemeza icyuho cya mm ya 30. Inyigisho zo hanze zigufasha kugera ku kurwanya ubushyuhe 3.2-3.4 M2 • C / W.
Arbolite Block: Kugereranya ibiranga
| Ibyiza | Ibidukikije |
| Nibyiza gushishoza, biragoye, ntukwirakwize urumuri. | Gira amazi menshi (kugeza kuri 85% kuburemere). Ibikoresho bigomba kurindwa neza kubushuhe. |
| Gira imyuka miremire, ishoboye gutoranya ubushuhe bwinyongera kuva mucyumba. | Ibikoresho bishobora gutandukana hagati yabo mubunini bwa mm 3-7, bigora Masonry. |
| Racks kugirango yunamye imitwaro. Bitandukanye no guhagarika ifuro, ntabwo bihumura (ariko, hamwe nurufatiro rwitize, birashoboka guca inkuta zamafaranga ya Masonry). | |
| Gushobora gufata bisanzwe kubiti. | |
| Byoroshye mugutunganya, amashusho meza hamwe na plaster. |