Igice cyingenzi cy'Uburusiya gituwe n'ibibaya bifite ubutaka bwuzuye amazi, hashingiwe kuri beagle kandi akenshi upima. Mubihe nkibi, ubwoko bwinshi bwifatizo bwatejwe imbere. Turasaba ko umuntu azaba meza muri buri kibazo.
Ifoto: Shutterstock / Fotodom.ru
Iyo uhisemo igishushanyo mbonera, ibigize ubutaka, urwego rwamazi yubutaka, ibiranga ubutabazi, ubwinshi no guhuza inyubako ndetse nuburyo bwo gukora bwayo bugenwa. Utarinze amakuru yikoranabuhanga yubaka kaseti, ikirundo, icyapa kandi cyahujwe nurufatiro, reka tuganire kubintu "imyitwarire hamwe nibibi byibishushanyo bimwe.
Ifoto: Shutterstock / Fotodom.ru
Urufatiro
Igishushanyo mbonera cyoroshye cyo kuzamuka gucikamo - kaseti. Yaganjemo, harimo ku mbuga zo mu gishanga, mu gihe cy'umwaka wa 1980-90.
Ifoto: Shutterstock / Fotodom.ru
Gahunda yigikoresho cya Fondasiyo yoroshye ya Slab. Gutekereza: Vladimir Grigoriev / Burda Itangazamakuru
Kaseti yerekeranye neza yari izwi cyane kubera ikiguzi gito; Muri icyo gihe, byasabwe n'ubuziranenge bw'ubutaka, urugero, TSN MF-97 Mo. Uburebure bwuzuye bwa kaseti ntiburenga m 1, ubugari ni cm 30-40, kandi ubujyakuzimu bwumugereka ni cm 30-50 (akenshi bikaba ari tm (akenshi bikaba ari tmcher ku nyubako agace).
PYATNO-RIBBON. Gutekereza: Vladimir Grigoriev / Burda Itangazamakuru
Nkibisubizo byimikorere yigihe cyubutaka, urufatiro nkiyi rwahinduwe, kubera ibice bishobora kugaragara mu rukuta rwinzu. Ndetse no gushimangira (byibuze umukandara ebyiri utambitse uva mu gushimangirwa hamwe na diameter ya mm 10-16) ntabwo buri gihe ifasha. Imyitozo yerekanwe ko ireremba ribbondation zireremba atari yo nzira nziza yo kubaka inkuta (amatafari), cyane cyane niba ifite iboneza ritoroshye, amaterasi n'ibindi byagutse. Hagati aho, birakwiriye rwose urukiramende ukurikije urwego, ibiti hamwe na brusade.
Gusenya imiterere, birakenewe kwagura umwobo byibuze cm 40. Ariko rero urashobora gusaba kurukuta rwimbere n'inyuma rwa Fondasiyo, zizagura ubuzima bwa serivisi. Ifoto: Shutterstock / Fotodom.ru
Urufatiro rwa rubbon rwimbitse ntirwifuza ko inyubako iremereye yubatswe ku mugambi uhagije - ibumba cyangwa ikiringo gifite ibyoga. (Muri rusange, kubaka imitekerereze-kaseti hamwe nigikoresho cyo hasi cyangwa hasi, ariko birakwiriye kurubuga rwumye kandi ntibisuzumwa mu ngingo.)
Ubujyakuzimu bwa primer yubutaka buterwa nubwoko bwayo nibihe byikirere. Mu karere ka hagati y'Uburusiya mugihe cy'ibumba no kugabanuka, biratandukanye kuva ku 1.2 kugeza kuri m 1.6.
RIBBON Foundation irashobora kuba monolithic no guhagarika. Igishushanyo cya monolithic w / b nibyiza kunyuranya nimbaraga zikiruhuko zifu, muri rusange, kandi zirashobora kubakwa nta mfashanyo yimodoka - icyakora, igihe cyo kwiyongera.
Urufatiro rwibirundo hamwe nimbaho na karuvati. Gutekereza: Vladimir Grigoriev / Burda Itangazamakuru
Mugabanye ingano yisi hamwe nigihe cyo kubaka ikoranabuhanga ryoroheje aho ifishi yubatswe gusa kubice byikigo byavuzwe haruguru byifatizo, kandi munsi yubutaka busukwa mubintu bitarangwamo. Ariko, kubera ibitagenda neza, urukuta rwiki rukuta rufitanye isano rwose nubutaka kandi rugaragarira cyane imbaraga zimbaraga zifatika zifu. Ariko, umutwaro wakozwe ninyubako usanzwe ubashyura.
Niba urwego rwinshi rwubutaka ruherereye munsi yuburebure bwamazi, kaseti igaragara ko itizewe cyangwa ihenze cyane.
Ubundi buryo buzwi burimo kwishyiriraho uburyo budahuza na epps-plabs. Imiterere nkiyi biroroshye gushiraho (kugirango ikongeje inkuta, amasano adasanzwe akoreshwa, aba akora inkunga yo gushimangira imikandara) no gutesha agaciro imbaraga zifatika zubukonje: gufata amashusho neza nubutaka ni buto.
Igenamiterere riva mu nkingi z'ibanze cyangwa imbaho zidakabije zidahendutse kurusha ifuro, menya neza ko inkinzo zishobora gukodeshwa, kandi ibiti - gukoresha mu gihe kizaza, urugero, ku mushinga w'igorofa. Ifoto: Izba de Luxe
Ugereranije nikoranabuhanga riherutse guterwa no kubaka imbuga za kati zizamuka ziyongera zikoreshwa na Vibrationraper (Primer Coullector) no guhagarika imikorere ya vibratory. Ishingiro ryuburyo ni izi zikurikira: Ubwa mbere, ukoresheje vibraceraper, agace ("gufata") yimiyoboro ya metero 2, ni × 0.3 × 1.5 × 1.5 m) --Kwandike ibigega by'ibyuma (Block Blocks) hamwe n'ishami rikomeye ryometseho. Ibikoresho bifite ibikoresho byo gufunga, bitondekanye neza kumurongo. Ubukurikira, imvange ya beto irabasutswemo bityo, buhoro buhoro, irangira buhoro buhoro umwobo no gutondekanya ibice, kora kaseti ya monolithic. Ibyiza byuburyo buri mu muvuduko, kimwe no kuva imvange ya beto ikubiyemo kunyeganyega. Kandi ibibi bigomba gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rikomeye, beto y'uruganda no kudashobora kwemeza no kuzuza, bigira ingaruka mbi ku mbaraga za kaseti.
Niki giha Geo.
Hatariho amakuru yukuri kubigize ubutaka kurubuga ntirutifuzwa kugirango utangire kubaka ninzu mike. Igiciro cya Geo-Ubushakashatsi, mu karere ka Metropolitan muri iki gihe ni amafaranga ibihumbi 30. Kuri aya mafranga, ikigo kigomba gucukurwa byibuze amariba ane mubwimbitse bwa m 3-5, fata ubutaka bwo kuva muburiganya butandukanye kandi bigatuma gusesengura granulometric. Aya makuru azatuma bishoboka guhitamo ubwoko bwa Fondasiyo no kubara igishushanyo ku bushobozi bwo kwitwaje. Ku bijyanye na piri-yerekana ikirundo cyangwa ikirundo-ikirundo - Ibipimo bisabwa birashobora kandi gusobanurwa no gufunga ikizamini cyangwa gukonja ibirundo byinshi.
Kuburyo cyangwa buto (kugeza kuri 100 M2), inzu ya Dacha Shusade izahuza urufatiro rwibyuma bivuye imbere ya Proprew bivuye mu kirere. Ifoto: "Stel Spark"
Ibirundo nkibi byakubise cyangwa ubifashijwemo ninyamanswa. Bakwiriye rwose kubaka ahantu hahanamye. Ifoto: "Dubldom"
Igikoresho cya New Armokarkas Slab Foundation biterwa nimizigo yabarwa. Nkingingo, agace nyamukuru gasaba gushimangira grille. Ifoto: "IMIP"
Ariko kubijyanye ninyubako nto zihaha, gushimangira urwego rumwe akenshi bikoresha. Ifoto: "Technobeton"
Grille yazamuwe kuri stand kugirango ibe mubunini bwa tara beto. Ifoto: Heiz.
Ikimenyetso
Urufatiro rwibirundo ntirugira ingaruka kubukonje, ahubwo rufite ubushobozi buke ugereranije (cyangwa ahubwo, rimwe na rimwe bifite ibiciro binini). Bakunda mugihe cyo kubaka ahantu hahanamye hamwe na kaseti yumwuzure hamwe na kaseti yizewe mugihe ubutaka ari umunyamaguru 2-5, ahantu h'ibirindiro biherereye ikirundo- Urupapuro rushobora gufungurwa. Kubutaka bushyushye rimwe na rimwe bakoresha ibirundo, ubushobozi butwara buteganijwe nimbaraga zuruhande rwuruhande rwuruhande rwuruhande rwuruhande rwuruhande rwuruhande rwuruhande rwuruhande rwuruhande rwuruhande rumwe nubutaka bukwiranye neza, bizaganirwaho hano hepfo.
Ibirundo bifatika birashobora kuba bifite ibikoresho bifatika byo kuzamura imyanda, nubwo ibiti byibinyabuzima byashimangiwe kenshi. Ifoto: "Swastrobpupa"
Intambwe isabwa nuburebure nigice cyambukiranya ibirundo bigenwa no kubara ukurikije SP 24.13330.011.
Gutsindagura no kunyeganyeza ibirundo biremereye byakozwe muruganda. Ku mbaraga, barenze ibicuruzwa bifatika, bikozwe mu kigo (harimo no gukoresha ibikoresho bya tampepiki). Ibyiza byo gutanga amanota (kunyeganyega) kandi mubyukuri ibirundo bihujwe no kwishyiriraho, kugirango ubushobozi bwabo bwo kwishyiriraho. Ariko, birakenewe gutanga ingendo kumugambi wimashini cyangwa autocran hamwe no kwishyiriraho vibration. Igiciro cyigishushanyo kiri hejuru: buri 4 m kirimo kwishyiriraho bizatwara amafaranga 9-12.
Gucukura ibirundo bizatwara 30-40 bihendutse kuruta gutanga amanota no kuba byiza munzu utarishimye cyane (bruschers, kwinjira, kuva muri beom beto, bloks). Kubaka urufatiro nk'urwo, nta moteri y'imodoka irakenewe - birahagije gukodesha imashini zirambirana na beto. Ishingiro ryikoranabuhanga ni uko hasi umwobo ufite diameter ya mm 150-250, irakambahirana nibiba ngombwa, hanyuma ikamanura ikariso ikaba ari byiza kandi ihujwe nigikoresho cya vibreone kibasiwe . Niba ubutaka bwakozwe cyangwa ubwato, asibesitos-sima yometse mbere mu mwobo.
Mu nkengero, gucukura no gukubitwa ibirundo bifungurwa ugereranije na 1.6-1.8 m. Ifoto: Izba de luxe
Mugihe ushyiraho ibirundo byo gucukura, gusimbuza gushimangira, noneho noneho bihuza insinga cyangwa gusudira hamwe n'ikadiri
Hejuru yikirundo ifitanye isano na monolithic
Ni ngombwa kuzirikana iyo mbaraga zikoreshwa z'ubukonje zishobora gukora kuri iki gice cyifatizo. Kugirango ubateze, wahagaritswe kwikora mu ishyirwaho ryibitswe cyangwa ukoresheje umucanga wakuweho. Ariko niba inzu iherereye kumusozi, umucanga uva mumwanya uri hagati yibirundo ntashobora gusibwa. Muri iki kibazo, Kubukwe ntabwo ari ibintu byose kandi ntibigira ingaruka kumitabo
Mugihe ukoresheje tees-f hamwe numusanga uhagaze hashobora gushyirwaho igice cyo hepfo cyagutse, kizongera ubushobozi bwimiterere kandi icyarimwe ukuraho burundu amahirwe yo gukandamira ubukonje.
Ibirundo. Nihehendutse cyane urufatiro (inkunga imwe hamwe na diameter ya MM 200 hamwe na MM,5, hitaweho ikiguzi cyo kwishyiriraho mu 2600-3000), ariko ubuzima bwa serivisi iyo bukoresha ibicuruzwa bisanzwe ntabwo birenga 50 imyaka. Byizewe cyane (ariko nanone igice kimwe nigice cyangwa bibiri bihenze) ibicuruzwa hamwe ninama zitera. Amarafu ahangayikishijwe na beto, ariko iyi terambere riheruka ntiritangira gukora cyane.
Umusenyi-usuku-umusenyi munsi yumuriro ugabanya imbaraga zifu mu bukonje gusa imbere yumuyoboro wimbitse. Mu bindi bihe, ikora guhuza no kongera ubushobozi bwo kwirinda.
Fondasiyo
Fondasiyo ya Slab ifite umusibanyi ikomeye yubushobozi bwo kwitwaje kandi itanga umusanzu umwe wo gukwirakwiza umutwaro uva mu nyubako. Niyo shingiro ryingirakamaro ku butaka n'imukanwa n'imukanwa, harimo umukungugu cyangwa umusenyi, amasako n'amasasu. Byongeye kandi, igishushanyo cyoroha cyane kugirango ushyireho hasi (ntabwo ari ngombwa kubaka inkingi ziterwa no guteganya ibiti cyangwa guteganya urubura hamwe na scred). Ariko igiciro cyacyo kiri hejuru - mubisanzwe birenze ibyo byurufatiro. Ibi biterwa no gukoresha ibikoresho binini (santibravy, beto, hamwe na verisiyo ya Suwede - kandi umusuku-ibimenyetso-byerekana ibimenyetso) nibikenewe gutumiza imvange yuruganda.
Isahani. Ifoto: Stohut (3)
Ku rwego rw'isahani hamwe n'ubufasha bw'imiti ikosora imiyoboro yo gushyushya hanze. Ibisanzwe mubisanzwe bishyirwa kuri pail ebyiri, ariko uhereye kubitekerezo byihumure ryubushyuhe nibyiza gushira mu modoka
Sisitemu noneho igeragezwa mukibazo mubyiciro bibiri, nyuma yivangwa rya beto risutswe
Fondasiyo ya Slab ikoreshwa mu nyubako ziremereye zifite amatafari. Igishushanyo ni monolithic yoroshye kandi yoroshye kandi yoroshye yashimangiye kuri beto, kuminjagira muburyo hejuru yumusego kuva peskogramu. Biroroshye kandi byizewe, ariko bisaba gushimangira byinshi na beto (inshuro 2-3 kurenza umusingi wuzuye, ninshuro 4-6 kurenza ikirundo). Ikigaragara ni uko umutwaro uva mu rukuta n'imbaraga z'ifu y'ifumbire yibanda cyane ku nkombe z'isahani, no gukumira imiterere no gucikamo monolith, birakenewe kongera ubunini bwa mm 250.
Gushyushya ishingiro hamwe n'amasahani y'isahani Polystyrene Foam "Gusya" kaseti ukoresheje ibirundo - uburyo bwiza bwo kurwanya ifu y'ubukonje. Ifoto: Shutterstock / Fotodom.ru
Fondasiyo isanzwe (Tangled) ari kimwe mu bisubizo byiza byo kubaka amatafari aremereye cyangwa inyubako ifatika kuri kimwe cyo guhuza ubutaka buvanze.
Muburyo butandukanye bwibintu (ariko nibindi byinshi mugihe cya ordrnaya. Rybra irashobora gutondekwa haba hepfo (yuzuza imyobo) no hejuru (ukoresheje imiterere). Duhereye ku mbaraga, uburyo bwa mbere burahagije, ariko icya kabiri gihendutse, kubera ko ribbery yo hejuru icyarimwe ikora nk'ubutaka no gushyigikira hasi.
Kaseti nziza ihindagurika yerekeza ku bihaha: Munsi yingufu zifu zubukonje zizamurwa iyo ubutaka bukonje kandi butagabanijwe mugihe ari cuteng. Ariko izi mbaraga zikunze kugabanywa kimwe (cyane cyane kubera itandukaniro mubushuhe n'ubushyuhe bwubutaka buva mu majyaruguru no mu majyepfo yinzu). Nkigisubizo, rimwe na rimwe habaho umuzingo ugabanuka. Ifoto: Shutterstock / Fotodom.ru
Isahani yangiritse, nka kaseti yororoka neza, yerekeza ku rufatiro ireremba kandi irashobora gukora ingendo z'imikino (cyane cyane iyo inzu idashyushye mu gihe cy'itumba), igomba kwitabwaho mugihe cyurutonde.
Birashoboka gutsinda ifu yifu yubukonje mu kongera ubujyakuzimu bwishingiro, kugira umugambi cyangwa kurinda ubutaka bukonje. Inzira yanyuma niyo yoroshye kandi ihendutse.
Muburyo bwo gushiraho amashyiga ya Suwede, ingingo zamasuka hafi ya kole-ifu. Iyo igikoresho cya Cushion, ibice bitandukanijwe na genotexldale, bigira uruhare mu kugabura kimwe cyo gukwirakwiza umutwaro hejuru. Ifoto: Tehtonol
Isahani ya powede yagenzuwe irinda ubutaka bukabije, bityo ntigikora kuri ingufu zifunzwe. Ariko mu gukomera, kubaka ni munsi ya monolité isanzwe kandi bigakoreshwa cyane mukubaka inyubako zifite ikadiri cyangwa inkuta zo guhagarika ifuro. Urufatiro rw'ubu bwoko, nk'ubutegetsi, rukora nk'indabura kandi rifite uburyo bwo gushyushya amazi dukoreshwa mu gushyushya inyubako yose. Kandi kubera ko isahani ifite inertia ikomeye, hanyuma murugo biroroshye gukomeza ubushyuhe buri gihe - haba mu cyimbametero n'izuba. Ahari gusa uko byagenda gusa ari ishingiro rito. Gutsinda iyi gukuramo ifasha ubworozi.
Urufatiro rwa rubbon cyangwa urufatiro rugaragara byanze bikunze rwatandukanijwe ninkike zifite amazi meza kuri mastic. Ifoto: Shutterstock / Fotodom.ru
Fondasiyo ya Slab yagenzuwe ni nziza ku nzu aho uhora uba. Gutanga ibikoresho bimwe, ibirundo cyangwa ireremba cyangwa kureremba nibyiza
Urufatiro rufatika
Igishushanyo mbonera cya Fondasiyo iyo ari yo yose ishimangiwe ku kibazo cyubutaka bwiyongereyeho ireme. Nibyiza kubona imvange yiteguye ku kigo cyagaragaye. Hamwe no kwitegura kwigenga, imvange igomba kuvanga neza, bityo, nta mini-conise ivanze ntabwo ari ngombwa. Bifuzwa no kugura imicanga, kubera ko ibumba ryibumba rigabanuka, kandi rigakoresha iby'imigozi ya MM 20-40), ntabwo ari imigezi. Ibikorwa bikonje bitifuzwa cyane (kubijyanye nisahani - ntibyemewe), kandi niba bidashobora kwirindwa, hanyuma nibakongera gushimangira igice cyaciwe nibura m 1.
Rimwe na rimwe, ubugari bw'ingabo cyangwa ikadiri bigomba kwiyongera kugirango ashionne yo kwishinyagurira no kurangiza ibice by'urukuta. Ifoto: Snethhut.
Amahitamo ya Hybrid mu Isezerano
Icyifuzo cyo guhuza inyungu zubwoko butandukanye bwifatizo zatumye habaho kugaragara imiterere ihuriweho.
- Ikirundo Nuguhuza kaseti nziza kandi ikomatanya ibirungo cyangwa ibirundo bifunze. Ubushobozi bwo gutwara bwa Fondesiyo butangwa ahanini na lente, kandi ibirundo birinda bigusunika. Ariko iyo ubutaka bukonje, igishushanyo mbonera cyiyongereyeho imitwaro (cyane cyane niba kaseti ari igihe gito) - niyo mpamvu idakwiye gukoresha ibirundo bikurura. Urufatiro nkirwo rwahujwe neza nibintu byoroshye mubijyanye ninyubako nto.
- Fondasiyo Ntibisanzwe cyane, ariko biracyakoreshwa mu nyubako yigenga yo kubaka amazu y'amatafari y'akarere kanini. Ni umurima wibirundo (ibirundo biherereye hamwe na metero 1.5-2-2 mukarere kwubaka), hamwe nisahani yijimye.
- Urufatiro Hamwe n'ibiti na karuvati - ubundi buryo bwiza kuri plate yo mu gisuwede, itanga urufatiro rwo hejuru, bityo, kurinda ibyiza byinkike biturutse ku bushuhe. Yashushanyijeho ubunini bwa mm 100-150 hamwe no gushimangira urwego rumwe bikorwa bikozwe ku giti kandi bikagira umucanga witonze umucanga. Muri icyo gihe, shingiro ryishingiwe hanze ya imeri yo kugabanya amahirwe yubutaka bukonje munsi yumusingi.
