Igisenge nigice cyingenzi cyubatswe munzu, muri byinshi bisobanura isura yayo. Mu myaka ibihumbi n'ibihumbi yashizeho iterambere kandi akomeza guhinduka, gukurikiza ikoranabuhanga rishya n'imikoranire y'imyambarire. None, ni ubuhe buryo bushobora guterwa uyu munsi ku gisenge no guhitamo ibikoresho byo gusakara?
1. Umwimerere, udasanzwe igisenge
Gusa imyaka mike ishize, abatera imbere bigenga igice kinini bahatiwe kugarukira hejuru yinzu yoroshye. Uyu munsi byose birashoboka. Gutezimbere ikoranabuhanga nibikoresho byatumye bishoboka gukora inzego zigoye zishobora gutungurana numuguzi usaba cyane.
Amahitamo - igishishwa kinini. Kurugero, igisenge cyo murwego rwinshi, kidafite skate muri skate, ariko kora imiterere yamenetse. Niba inzu ifite imiterere igoye, irashobora gucibwa na sisitemu yumurongo wamaguru menshi, niyo ihuriro ryibintu byinshi (nipts). Ibisenge byinshi bikoresha cyane ibisenge byinshi mumazu.
Ariko, ukunda ubushakashatsi, birakwiye kwibuka ko igisenge aricyo gihe gihenze. Byongeye kandi, kubara bya Bizarre "caps" kugirango inzu isaba impamyabumenyi yo hejuru. Niba ukoze amakosa, kurugero, muguhitamo impande zumusozi, amazi ya shelegi hazatinda hejuru yinzu, yuzuyeho igisenge.
Ifoto: Tehtonol
Ifoto: Tehtonol
Ifoto: Tehtonol
2. Igisenge Cyimodoka
Hejuru y'urukuta rw'igihugu gito, ingengo y'imari, igisenge kimwe kiragenda gishyirwaho hejuru - indege ziryamye ku rukuta rwo hejuru. Ibyiza nyamukuru byigisenge nkiyi nihendutse. Gushushanya byoroshye, ibikoresho bizasiga gato, kandi uburemere bwibishushanyo bizaba bike, bizakiza no ku rufatiro. Ariko bigomba kwitondera ko umwanya wintoki munsi yinzu nkiyi zizaterwa muburyo bunyuranye nuburebure bwa gisenge, bivuze ko ari ngombwa ko kwegera imiterere yacyo.
Ifoto: Tehtonol
Ifoto: Tehtonol
3. Dux Ibisenge byo Kwihatira
Nubwo uyu munsi urwaburwe rushobora gutanga igisenge cyimiterere idasanzwe, imiterere ba batal ntabwo ireka imyanya yabo kubera ubworoherane bwayo kubera ubworoherane, bufatika no kugasengera kwicwa. Ibi byagaragaye mu binyejana byinshi, iboneza rifatika ni kandi rikomeje gukundwa cyane murwego rwinyubako yinyubako kenshi.
Ifoto: Tehtonol
Ifoto: Tehtonol
4. Ibisenge bya Asimmetric
Ndetse igisenge cyoroshye gitanga urugero rwiza. Kurugero, urashobora gukora inkoni insimmetric wongeyeho inzu yumwimerere. Igisubizo nkicyo munsi yizina risekeje "Solonka" byaturutse muri Amerika. Abimukira ba mbere bashizeho amazu, hanyuma baramurura, "Kwiyongera" munzu bibaye ngombwa. Imyambarire rero yagaragaye ku basiganwa mu burebure butandukanye, bwaturutse kuri twe.
Ifoto: Tehtonol
Ifoto: Tehtonol
Ifoto: Tehtonol
5. Ibisenge bibisi
Mu byitwa inyubako ya sico, yibanda ku bucuti ntarengwa bw'ibidukikije bwibikoresho byo kubaka, "icyatsi" gikururwa kiraboneka. Ubuso bwimisozi isinzira hamwe nubutaka kandi ikayitera ibyatsi, ibihuru bike, kandi rimwe na rimwe ibiti. Iyi gakondo ikomoka muri Noruveje. Igisenge kizima ntabwo ari uguhanagura inzu gusa, ahubwo ni nanone ubushyuhe buhebuje, mubyukuri, butuma akundwa mubihugu bikonje.
Ifoto: Tehtonol
Ifoto: Tehtonol
Ifoto: Tehtonol
6. Ibisenge by'amahanga
Ibikoresho byagutse byo gusakara bigufasha "gushushanya" imiterere ya bintarre hejuru yinzu. Guhuza tile y'amabara atandukanye nigicucu, urashobora gukora imbaho mbi ya mozaic ku nkoni. Tile yoroshye yerekana neza hano. Ariko birumvikana, ni ngombwa kutibagirwa uburyohe bwiza no kumva neza. Igisenge cyiza ntigikwiye kwitabwaho cyane. Birakenewe guhuza byombi hamwe nimiryango yinzu hamwe nuburyo bubi.
Ifoto: Tehtonol
Ifoto: Tehtonol
Ifoto: Tehtonol
7. Igisenge kirerekana imigenzo yubatswe
Mu bihugu bitandukanye, ibipimo by'ubwiza biratandukanye cyane, kandi ibifatwa nkaho bishimishije natwe ntibyemewe, mu bihugu byo muri Aziya. Kugeza hagati y'Uburusiya, ibisenge byinshi birangwa. Ibishushanyo nkibi ntabwo bisa neza gusa, ahubwo birinda inzu neza. Hamwe na SKES ihanamye, shelegi iramanuka, kandi mu ntara aho imbeho ishobora gukomeza amezi arenga atandatu, ibi ni ngombwa cyane.
Ifoto: Tehtonol
Ifoto: Tehtonol
Ifoto: Tehtonol
8. Kwiyubaka no kubaka insengero hamwe nigisenge cyoroshye
Nkigisenge gitwikiriye amatorero yikirusiya, Tile, ntabwo ari ibibabi cyangwa ibikoresho, mubisanzwe byatoranijwe. Mbere, twakoreshaga cyane cyane ibiti no gusiga ibiti, ubu noneho bitumen flexible turumen iboneka ku mivuruke yamatorero.
Ifoto: Tehtonol
Ifoto: Tehtonol
Ifoto: Tehtonol
9. Itandukaniro riringaniza ibisenge no kunyuramo
Mugihe uhisemo igisubizo cyamabara cyinyubako nigisenge hari inzira ebyiri zingenzi - ihuriro ryamabara abiri ya kinyuranye kandi itandukaniro rinyuranye. Ihitamo rya kabiri muri iki gihe riri mumyambarire. Guhitamo inkuta zumucyo ku gisenge cyijimye naho ubundi, urashobora gushimangira byimazeyo ibintu byihariye byinzu.
Ifoto: Tehtonol
Ifoto: Tehtonol
Ifoto: Tehtonol
10. Ibisenge byirabura
Duhereye kubishushanyo mbonera, igisenge cyumukara ni igisubizo cyatsinze. Nibyiza guhuzwa nimiryango yamabara yose nigicucu. Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho byo gusakara byijimye gushimangira ubwubatsi bwinzu, "gushushanya" kurwanya ikirere umubumbe usobanutse, bityo birakoreshwa mugihe igishushanyo mbonera.
Ifoto: Tehtonol
Ifoto: Tehtonol
Ifoto: Tehtonol
11. Ibisenge Byera
Kugaragara kwa tile ihindagurika, gufata byoroshye uburyo bukenewe, byahaye impiswi mu iterambere rya spherical, ibisenge byimbuto, bisa nkibidasanzwe kandi buri gihe yihuta kandi buri gihe yihuta kandi yihuta. Ariko hariho igishushanyo mbonera cyubu bwoko n'inzira ikomeye - ntabwo ari ngombwa kumuyaga ukomeye. Inzu iyobowe na dome yazengurutse irashobora kubaho muri serwakira.
Ifoto: Tehtonol
Ifoto: Tehtonol
Ifoto: Tehtonol
12. Uburyo bwuzuye mugucura
Kubwubatsi bwumwuga uyumunsi, uburyo bwuzuye kumushinga ni ngombwa. N'inzu, kandi igisenge kigomba guhuzwa, ni ibice byuzuye muri rusange. Kandi ntiwumve, kubaka ijisho ryashimishije ijisho, ugomba kubyinjiriza ahantu hakikije, ushimangire ubwiza bwe.
Ifoto: Tehtonol
Ifoto: Tehtonol
Ifoto: Tehtonol
Mu myaka yashize, ibisenge byakoreshwaga biragenda birushaho gukundwa cyane. Ubwubatsi bwabo bugezweho kandi akeneye ibyifuzo bya banyiri amazu ashaka gukoresha ingufu "Indundu rya gatanu". Ibigize gusa byumushinga muri uru rubanza ujya inyuma, bitanga aho bikora. Ariko, iki gisenge gishobora gutambirwa nibikoresho bitandukanye byo kurangiza: Itapi y'icyatsi kuva ku byatsi, amasoko, guhana amabuye ndetse n'amabati.
Inyungu y'ibisenge bikozwe neza bigizwe no gukoresha cyane agace kanini. Sisitemu yo kuvoma muri uru rubanza izanyura munzu, bityo rero ntabwo ari ngombwa kwangiza isura yimiryango ifite imiyoboro ya drain.
Nkumusenge winzu yinzu yigihugu cyigenga, inama isanzwe ikoreshwa kenshi, yaje gusimbuza amafaranga gakondo. Niba duranka idasobanura itapi yo hejuru yikigezweho, hanyuma munsi yinama urashobora gukora "igisenge cya kabiri" ukoresheje inzabya ndende, zizemeza kwizerwa no gushushanya kuramba.
Kandi ntiwumve, uburebure bwa bituminitse bukunzwe. Ibyiza byacyo nyamukuru nigiciro gito ugereranije no guhinduka bigufasha kurangiza ibisenge byuburyo bugoye. Byongeye kandi, ibi bikoresho biratera imbere cyane, bigenda birushaho kuba byiza kandi bihanitse.
Dmitry Glushkov
Umwubatsi, Biro yubatswe Dmitry Glushkova