Nyuma yo kugura inzu munzu nshya, ndashaka gutangira kurangiza akazi vuba bishoboka. Ariko tuvuge iki niba mu igenzura rya mbere wabonye ishyingiranwa rishyiraho.
Ifoto: Shutterstock / Fotodom.ru
Amazu mu nyubako nshya ashyikirizwa "muri beto", yateguye kurangiza kurangiza (hamwe no hasi kandi akumirwa n'inkuta hamwe n'igisenge) cyangwa yiteguye rwose gutura. Ibyo ari byo byose, inzengu zisobanutse kandi zihishe zikunze kuboneka mumazu yacumbikiwe. Gutangira, reka tuganire ku ruhande rwemewe n'ikibazo.
Kuremewe n'amategeko
Uyu munsi, mu iyubakwa ry'inyubako nyinshi zo guturamo, Ifishi y'imigabane yiganje rwose n'amategeko ya federasiyo No 214-FZ (nkuko byahinduwe, ku gahato kuva ku ya 1 Mutarama 2017). Iki gikorwa gitanga inshingano z'umuterankunga kubera kwihangana kw'ikintu (inzu n'inzu yose) mugihe cyingwate, mugihe cyagenwe mu masezerano, ariko ntishobora kuba munsi yimyaka 5. Nibyo, garanti yo gukoresha ibikoresho byikoranabuhanga nubuhanga mubisanzwe ni bike. Byongeye kandi, interteur irashobora kugerageza kwerekana mu rukiko ko icyateye inenge ari cyo cyambaye inenge cy'ikintu, kurenga ku mategeko agenga imikorere yacyo cyangwa gusana bidakwiye.
Ku bw'ubutabera, twabonye ko ibigo byinshi by'ubwubatsi bidashaka kunyuranya n'abaturage kandi biteguye kujya ku masezerano. Ariko, ni ngombwa cyane gukemura amakosa yose ku ifoto no kubatondekanya mubikorwa byo kwakira inzu. Noneho urashobora gusaba "gukuraho ubuntu mugihe cyumvikana, kugabanya ugereranije nigiciro cyamasezerano cyangwa indishyi kumafaranga yakoreshejwe kugirango akureho amakosa."
Ni iki cyatoranijwe? Gusura kubuntu itsinda ryo gusana biroroshye kubigeraho, ariko ba shebuja bagomba gutegereza ibyumweru, kandi, Yoo, ntabwo buri gihe bishoboka gukemura ikibazo kuva bwa mbere. Bikunze kuboneka gukuraho inenge byihuse kandi hamwe nibisubizo byiza, ariko ntibirinda amakimbirane nuwabatezimbere kubigereranyo (birashoboka ko bigomba guhitamo ikibazo binyuze mu rukiko). Ariko, muri ibyo bihe byombi, birakenewe gutekereza kuruhande rwa tekiniki yikibazo - bitabaye ibyo ntuzashobora gusuzuma ireme ryakazi.
4 Njyanama Novoselu
- Kubuzima bwakiriwe, nibyiza gutumira impuguke kuva ahanini. Igiciro cya serivisi ni kuva ku bihumbi 15.
- Kwerekana ibirego by'ikigo, gerageza ugire amasezerano yo gutura kandi ntuzane ikibazo mu rubanza.
- Ntugasinyire igikorwa cyo kwakira inzu, ahari ikimenyetso kijyanye no kubura ibirego kubibanza.
- Niba isosiyete yubwubatsi yagiye guhomba, ugurisha burundukira abatarangiye.
Kwishyiriraho Windows
Kugera kuri 60% yubujurire bujyanye no kubaka ibitagenze neza bifitanye isano no kwishyiriraho ibintu bidakwiye bya Windows hamwe nimiryango. Bimwe muribi bibazo byakemuwe ugereranije gusa, abandi bakeneye gusenya.
Amagorofa ku rukuta akwirakwiza mu mpande zo hepfo yidirishya. Impamvu zishoboka cyane ni kashe mbi ya kashe yo gushiraho no kwishyiriraho. Idirishya mu nyubako nshya zishyirwa ahagaragara 30971-2002 "ingaragu yo gushiraho imitwe yo kwinjiza idirishya ryerekeza ku rukuta". Iki gipimo kigenga uburyo bwo guhuza no gufunga idirishya mu gufungura, kimwe no gufunga icyuho hagati yikadiri nurukuta. Dukurikije urugendo rw'imbere, urwego rwo hanze rw'iteraniro rufite inshingano zo gutanga amazi make zo guhagarikwa.
Hamwe nubunini butari bwo bwo gukora gap hamwe na kaseti ntoya, aba nyuma ntibarinda ubushuhe, kandi rimwe na rimwe, kashe irimo guhumeka umuyaga. Nkigisubizo, amazi yimvura atangaza urwego rwo hagati (Polyurethane foam) kandi rwinjira mucyumba. Ibintu birashobora kwiyongera kumanuka-yashizweho nabi - ngufi cyane cyangwa kugira confoula. Seam Seam ntabwo bigoye cyane. Ubwa mbere, bisenywa numuhengeri no gukuraho ibitagenda neza kurukuta, ibimenyetso byigisubizo cyangwa ibifuni, kubibuza hamwe numwanya mwiza wa 10% yinzu. Noneho akanama ka TIn kasubijwe ahantu, "Gutera" ku gisenge cya kashe, hanyuma wongere gukosora imigozi. (Niba ibipimo bya kera bishaje bidahuye no kwimuka, bishya. Igice cya sima mu bice bibiri byumucanga) cyangwa ibikoresho byanditseho. Ubundi buryo ni ugusimbuza imitekerereze hejuru yisumba hejuru yinyanja (kashe yabiyumiye, umunyamwuga wa Tytan, Tehtoniyol, nibindi). Mugihe ufunze kashe ya wizard, ubuso bwegeranye bwikadiri nurukuta bifite scotch yo gushushanya bigomba kuba ikimenyetso.
Niba idirishya ryashyizwe nabi, ibice byinkuta hafi birashobora kubabazwa nubushuhe, kandi bagomba kongera gukanda. Ifoto: Shutterstock / Fotodom.ru
Inkono kuri widirishya nyuma yimvura. Ikibazo gikunze guterwa no gufunga umwobo mu mukungugu no guswera. Ubwinjiriro kuri ibyo mwobo biherereye mububiko bwo hasi, kandi biroroshye kubimenya iyo bifunguye. Urashobora gusukura umwobo ukoresheje rod yigenga yigenga - ntabwo ari ngombwa gutumira na gato. Birakwiye kandi kugenzura imiterere yindimi zubushobozi bwindito murwego rwo hejuru, nubwo zifunze cyane.
Idirishya rirakinguye kandi rirafunze. Impamvu irashobora kuba ihindura nabi imiterere (iyi nenge yoroshye guhagarara) cyangwa skew ikadiri mugihe cyo kwishyiriraho. Mu rubanza rwa kabiri, gusana ibinyoma mu kumenyekanisha kashe igera ku moko uhereye imbere - kubwibi, Nachetnik yakuweho cyangwa parike yo kunyerera yakuweho plaster. Icyo gihe azagomba kweza burundu Ikirangantego cyo guterana mu cyuho (ni akazi karakaye cyane kandi gake), gigabanya imbaraga z'ikadiri kandi kigerageza kugaruka kuri geometrie iboneye cyane ku mfuruka ya Igishushanyo. Muri icyo gihe, ntibishoboka gukora imbaraga nyinshi: Idogi yinjijwe n'amaboko yabo, nk'aho ya nyuma, guhangayikishwa gato na cyan yimbaho. Yoo, ntabwo buri gihe bishoboka kugera ku bisubizo bishimishije: Umwirondoro urashobora guhobera ubusa ahantu henshi, kandi ntabwo "ntabwo" babakuramo ", ndetse ntibogenda neza", ndetse byongera cyane umubare wibintu byogereza. Muri iki gihe, ugomba gusenya rwose idirishya rya kera hanyuma ushyireho ibishya.
Igorofa
Igikona cyaguwe na perforator hamwe na "chisel" cyangwa chisel cyangwa chisel isanzwe. Ifoto: Vladimir Grigoriev / Burda Itangazamakuru
Ibikurikira, kora urubwiritse rucumura neza nubugari bwa mm 8-12, inkoni zinyeganyegamo. Ifoto: Vladimir Grigoriev / Burda Itangazamakuru
Hanyuma ushireho uruvange rwa fibro-sime. Ifoto: Vladimir Grigoriev / Burda Itangazamakuru
Mu mazu yateguwe kurangiza, hari inenge zamagorofa yo hasi. Rimwe na rimwe, ba nyirayo bashya bahura n '"indabyo z'indwara" zisaba "kuvurwa" bihenze "".
Screed ihuye nabi. Nk'uko SP 29.13330.011 "Amagorofa", lumens hagati yo kugenzura gari ya moshi ebyiri hamwe n'ubuso bw'ikizamini ntibigomba kurenga mm 2. Niba gutandukana gukabije biva muri horizontal ni ntoya muri kariya gace (ifite imiterere ya gatanu ya gatanu hamwe nigisubizo cyimisoro), bizashoboka guhuza hasi ukoresheje ibishishwa no gusimbuza sima. Niba inenge tuyisanga ahantu henshi, dushimangira ikibanza cyurwego rwo murwego rwo hejuru mubice byinshi bya screed.
Ibitaramo byuzuye kandi birahagaze. Umushinga uhuriweho usaba ko imbaraga za sinolithic yo kwikuramo, ku ya 150 kgf / m2), kandi niba munsi ya Shorrete, isafuriyaho ubushyuhe buherereye - byibuze 20 MPA. Mu guhungabanya ikoranabuhanga (gukoresha amasaha make yo hasi, kumisha nabi, kubura abakobwa ku nkike, nibindi) kugirango ugere kuri ibyo bipimo. Kugenzura imbaraga zabigenewe birashobora kuba sclerometero, ariko mubisanzwe gushyingirwa biroroshye kumenya hamwe nubugenzuzi bworoshye: ubugari nubugari (birenze urugero bwa mm) biragaragara kuri beto, ihuza ibikoresho, exfolieity yo hejuru iragaragara. Niba ibishushanyo byoroshye, ariko birahujwe neza kandi bikatsindwa hakurya, gusana biri mu kaga hamwe no gushyirwaho umugambi wa fibro-civement ya simalete cyangwa gypsum imvange hamwe nubwinshi ya mm 15-20.
Ibishushanyo byari byahindutse iyo byumye. Ibi byibi bigaragaza hamwe nibitumva biranga iyo bagenda. Nkingingo, birashoboka kuyisekura muburyo bwo gutera inshinge: muri beto, umwobo (cyangwa umwobo nyinshi) uracukara kandi ukoreshe imbunda ya syrines gusana amazi. Kubera ko "inshoreke" yashushanyijeho mubisanzwe itandukanijwe cyane na horizontal, hejuru igomba kugeza hejuru urwego ruringaniye.
Muri logigiya, Windows ya aluminium hamwe na clanks imwe akenshi ihinduka kuri plastiki ishyushye (birumvikana, ku kiguzi cyabo). Kuzamura bisa birashobora guhuzwa nicyemezo cyo kumenyesha. Ifoto: KBE.
INGINGO ZIKURIKIRA
Rimwe na rimwe, guhura nibibazo nkibi, biragoye cyane gufata icyemezo, kandi ibintu birushijeho kuba biterwa nuko inenge zidashobora kwitirirwa inkuru yubwubatsi. Hood mbi kandi nta guhumeka. Mu mazu menshi agezweho, guhumeka guhumeka akora neza kandi atanga urukuta cyangwa idirishya. Ariko hariho ibitandukanijwe. Hamwe n'inzira zintege nke, birakenewe kwitotombera isosiyete yo kuyobora, izinubira uwabateza imbere.
Mu gihe cyo gusana, laminate ntabwo ari gake cyane nta nzego. Mubisanzwe kumupaka wibyumba, igikoma gihujwe nimwirondoro kidasanzwe kuva aluminium cyangwa hdf. Ni ngombwa ko iyi mipaka ari nke. Ifoto: Neuhofer Holz
Urusaku. Ikirenze byose, ahangayikishijwe n'abaturage b'inyubako baherereye hejuru y'izuba rikora ubucuruzi n'imirenge. Aho biherereye aho, ibikoresho bitera kunyeganyega kure yibintu bifitanye isano nubushishozi bwinyubako. Urashobora guhangana nurusaku nkurwo gusa. Hoa igomba gusaba abafite iduka, ububiko, nibindi, kugirango ikosore nibindi bikoresho bimuke kwizeza podium arimuka kure yinkike.
Hamwe ninzego zingenzi zurwego (inshuro zirenga 20), hasi yongeye guhuzwa. Mbere yibi, ni byiza gukora hydraulic insulation cyangwa ukoreshe igice cyumye-cyumye kugirango wirinde kumeneka binyuze mu bice kubaturanyi. Ifoto: Shutterstock / Fotodom.ru
Kubumba no kunuka. Impamvu zitera isura ya fungus ku rukuta no kugambika inyubako nshya - ubushuhe bukabije bwinzego no kurangiza ibice, ndetse no guhumeka nabi. Utakuyeho, kurwana nubutaka hamwe nibikoresho ntacyo bimaze. Kugerageza kumisha ubuso hamwe nubushyuhe burashobora gutera gutontoma kwa plaster. Ntibyoroshye gutsinda impumuro ya Amoni yahombantuho imbeho kuri beto. Hano gusa umwuka muremure wibyumba mubihe bishyushye bizafasha.
Kubwo gushyira insinga, birakenewe neza kurukuta, zikaba zidafite akamaro cyane mumazu yateguwe kugirango dushyireho. Nibyiza kugerageza kurambura insinga nshya hamwe nubufasha bwa kera. Ifoto: "CST"
Igenzura ryiza
Reba ireme ry'umushinga urangiza imirimo irashobora kwigenga.
- Ongeraho inkuta kurwego rwa Pudrint na Cornice ya Spatula hamwe nuburebure bwibura m 1. Niba hari icyuho kirenga 1 nurukuta, urukuta rusaba gushira.
- Ubushakashatsi ku rukuta n'inkoni yo hanze. Menya neza ko nta bice bitose, bikata hamwe na fibre.
- Gushyira urwego rwa bubble ku kibaho kiringaniye, menya ahantu hakeye. Umubare ntarengwa wo kugabanuka - 4 mm kuri 2 m.
- Menya neza ko socket na switch baherereye ukurikije gahunda yo gushushanya.
- Reba niba imiyoboro yigituba yo gushyushya no gutanga amazi yangiritse.
Niba, bitewe nubukwe bwubwubatsi (urugero, Windows yamenetse), uwatezimbere ategekwa kugarura, ariko ntabwo buri gihe byoroshye kubigeraho. Nibyiza, niba inzu ishyikirijwe kwisuzumisha, hagaragaye inenge yahise yavumbuwe kandi isosiyete yasezeranye iracyakomeza kuba ibikoresho bya ngombwa (wallpaper, amarangi). Noneho ikibazo kizakemurwa mukwezi kwundi. Mu bindi bihe byose, gusana bigomba gukora amafaranga yayo yohereza abategura itangazo hamwe nibisabwa kugirango yishyure amafaranga. Gushimangira gukosora ibitage bito (chipi ku miryango n'iposita, amenyo yo gupfukirana hasi, nibindi) mu nzu hamwe no kurangiza ntacyo bimaze.
